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Pre-Kalahari Geological Map of Botswana

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20° E 21° E 22° E 23° E 24° E 25° E 26° E 27° E 28° E 29° E 30° E Kasane " 18° S Xamshiko ! !Shishikola 18° S Xaoxwe Muhemb!o ! Shakawe ! !Ngarange THE PRE-KALAHARI Sepupa ! Seronga ! GEOLOGICAL MAP OF CHOBE Etsha 13 ALLUVIUM ! 19° S Esha 6 ! 19° S MAGIKWE MABABE Esha 1 SAND RIDGE ! DEPRESION ZIMBABWE OKAVANGO THE REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA AHA ALLUVIUM HILS Gumare ! ALLUVIUM FROM SOUTH AND WEST MAKGADIKGADI DEPRESION NAMIBIA E G D NTWETWE 1997 I R PAN NZI Nokaneng GHA ! GIDIKWE SAND RIDGE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT, LOBATSE T.P. MACHACHA, MSc., DIRECTOR Maun " 20° S GEOLOGY COMPILED BY R.M. KEY, PhD. 20° S Geophysical Information provided by D.I. Koosimile and H. Koketso Scale 1: 9 000 000 Anglo American Corporation Botswana, De Beers Exploration Botswana, 0 170 340 510 Kilometers Sehithwa ! Tutume Debswana Botswana Diamond Company, Kalahari Exploration, MPH, Trillion ! Sowa Botswana, Water Resources Botswana, Water Surveys Botswana and " Wellfields Botswana provided data from their respective mineral exploration programmes. The post-Karoo deposits of the Kalahari Desert area of Botswana. Key The geological map of Western Ngamiland is based on a Compagnie Gé né Pre-Kalahari Group outcrops Alab or sief crests rale de Gé ophysique draft geological interpretation map of their 1996/1997 aeromagnetic survey of Western Ngamiland. 21° S Alluvium Transverse dune fields 21° S Scale 1:1 500 000 Lacustrine deposits Distribution limit of most of Francistown " the major calcrete rimmed pans Kilometers Orapa 0 40 80 120 160 200 " Letlhakane Major shoreline and ridges Major area with calcrete at outcrop or ! Tonota ! Ghanzi " Mmadinare ! Selebi-Phikwe " Bobonong ! 22° S Tshootsha (Kalkfontein) 22° S ! Serowe ! Palapye " 23° S Mahalapye ! 23° S Tropic of Capricon Kang ! Lehututu Lotse ! ! Hukuntsi ! Tshane ! Motokwe ! 24° S Lokgwabe ! El astern limit of damara folding 24° S 4 7 5b Mabutsane Molepolole ! ! Mochudi ! 8 Ml aitengwe Sekoma ! l Vumba Ken!g Jwaneng l R ! " Gaborone 2 l Tl ati Thamaga ! " 9a Khakhea ! Tlokweng 6 Matsitama ! ! Mosopa ! /2 3 3 Ramotswa X Kokotsha ! 5b 5a ! Kanye ! Ts 1 25° S 9b 25° S Lobatse l Werda " ! Mf Ma Makopong ! l Fragment unit l AN R BA 5d Kraaipan KI LUFILIAN ARC ES ID UM IR T CONGO CRATON L E ZAMBEZI BEL B T E U Q I B Major Pre-Karoo tectonic terranes and major mafic-complexes I M OND A MAG GREAT Z LT O BE DYKE M ZIMBABWE Weakly deformed A TOPOGRAPHICAL LEGEND OTHER GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION DAMAR CRATON Plate Boundary Zone between 9b Okwa Belt Neoproterozoic rocks on? 2/3 WA Tshabong Limpopo Belt and Zimbabwe craton Walvisbay OK M OPO Paleoproterozoic crust AH LIMP ! A International boundary Fault LA PE 26° S BELT Nosop- Ncojane Basin 3 Limpopo Belt * NAMA 9a " City Dyke 26° S BASIN T L Neoproterozoic Damara E B ! Passarge Basin Orogenesis of Neoproterozoic & Zimbabwe Craton 8 2 Archaean Terranes S Town or large Village Infered fault I O E Mesoproterozoic rocks R H Maputo AN K KAAPVAAL CRATON G ! E R Small village Kihabe complex Kaapvaal Craton IV Mine 7 1 with exposed greenstones cant ER Signifi -N rotero-zoic AM Mesop A teno-thermal Q tec U Main road Shear The Limpopo Belt has undergone severe activity in this belt A-N AT 6 Kwando complex AL B * Palaeoproterozoic re-working ELT Secondary road ~ ~ Shear zone Major Mafic Complexes CAPE FOLD BELT Precambrian 5d Ghanzi-Chobe Belt Cape town R Rakops ? Tectonic Terrane Railway + Thrust, tooth on upper plate Palaeoproterozoic (Phanerozoic) 5c Kheis Belt X Xade ? River Eburnian Terranes Neoproterozoic 5b Gweta Belt Ts Tshane ? Mesoproterozoic Produced in the Department of Geological Survey Topography based on the information supplied by the K.C. MAthule and R.N. Mokgosi, Cartographers Department of Surveys and Mapping, Gaborone 5a Mahalape Belt Molopo Farms Palaeoproterozoic Palaeoproterozoic Merged by S. Mogapi, Cartographer Mf 27° S Vector edited by K.D. Kgosiesele, Cartographer Copies of this map are obtainable from the Archaean Director of Department of Geological Survey, 4 ? Congo craton Archaeam 27° S Published by the Director with the authority of the Private Bag 14, Lobatse Md Modipe dominant age of each Terrane. Ministry of Mineral Energy and Water Resources Republic of Botswana 19° E 20° E 21° E 22° E 23° E 24° E 25° E 26° E 27° E 28° E 29° E 30° E LEGEND Kvd Undifferentiated intrusive and/or extrusive Karoo dolerite/basalt Karoo volcanics KKg Paragneiss? Kv Flood basalt, variably amygdaloidal with minor siliciclastic sedimentary interbeds and lenses Karoo volcanics Upper karoo Jurassic (c180 Ma) Konaka group Orange, red or white sandstone, locally calcareous with reddish siltstone increasingly KK Dolomitic marble and poorly exposed granitic gneiss ? Neoproterozoic KL Lebung Group Supegroup Triassic to Jurassic common downwards Sks SK Metamorphosed rhyolitic and basaltic volcanics and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks (SKs) Kgwebe Formation Pale grey, non-carbonaceous siltstone, mudstone and thin limestone Beaufort Group KB Sinclair Group Lower Karoo Permian to Lower Triassic Supegroup Metamorphosed rhyolitic volcanic S and volcanistic sedimentary rocks with chert Interbedded coal, carbonaceous siltstone and mudstone and white poorly cemented arkosic Sg Goha Hills Formation Goha Hills Formation KE sandstone and rare tonstein Ecca Group Ferruginous and micaceous quartzite, quartz-mica-schist, metamorphosed conglomerate, ? Palaeoproterozoic Assorted glacial deposits including diamictite, very thinly laminated siltstone (varvite) and TS minor shale, phyllite, sandstone and ironstone (i) Tsodilo Hills Group KD Dwayka Group Carboniferous to Early Permian sandstone Assorted metasedimentary (siliciclastic and carbonate) rocks including prominent ironstones (i). XAn Xaudum Group ? Palaeoproterozoic XA Areas with negative magnetic signature(XAn) shown to highlight structure DN Breccio-conglomerate, variably calcareous sandstone and siltstone Nama Group Neoproterozoic & or cambrian Granitic gneiss Quangwadum Group ? Palaeoproterozoic Felsite, quartzite, siltstone, volcaniclastic sedimentary rock, arkosic sandstone, mudstone, QM Okwa Group Neoproterozoic &/or cambrian OK limestone OS White to reddish quartzite with minor shale and ironstone (i) Olifants hoek Group Palaeoproterozoic Pg Dolomitic limestone, ironstone, chert, sandstone, quartzite, conglomerate Shoshong Formation OC Porphyritic felsite, granite, granitic gneiss, microgranite and metadolerite Okwa Complex Palaeoproterozoic (c2000 Ma) Pl Varicoloured, micaceous siltstone and shale Lotsane Formation Griqualand West Mabuasehube Group GM Metamorphosed arkosic sandstone, limestone, shale, mudstone, ironstone Supergroup Palaeoproterozoic Pt Reddish sandstone, quartzite, conglomerate, ironstone, shale and siltstone Tswapong Formation Palapye Group Palapye Group g Banded, quartzofelpathic gneiss Archaean Pm Shale, siltstone and limestone Moeng Formation h Amphibolite Archaean Ps Reddish, locally manganiferous sandstone, quatzite, conglomirate, andesitic lava and tuff, shale Selika Formation i Ironstone Undifferentited Wu Reddish, siliciclastic sedimentary rocks, mostly sandstone and conglomerate Waterberg Group Palaeoproterozoic m Undifferentiated metasedimentary rock Archaean Wt Sandstone Twee River Sandstone Formation r Meta-felsic volcanic rock Archaean Wp Arkosic sandstone and quartzite Palla Sandstone Formation Waterberg Group v Undifferentiated greenschist facies metavolcanic rock Archaean Wr Reddish-purple to pink, weakly calcareous shale, siltstone and fine-grained sandstone Ramotlabaki Siltstone Formation Palaeoproterozoic (includes: Seoka Porphyritic, locally gneissic granite Archaean *G Adamellite*Gs) Ws Reddish arkosic sandstone, quartzite, greywacke, siltstone, conglomerate and shale Masama Sandstone Formation 'G Gneissic granite Archaean Wl Reddish siltstone with thin mudstone and shale Lokgalo Sandstone Formation X Undifferentiated migmatite (includes: Mahalapye Archaean & Palaeoproterozoic Migmatite, Xm) Wm Reddish sandstone and conglomerate Mannyelanong Hills Formation mU Meta -ultramafic rock Archaean OT Reddish sandstone, conglomerate and micaceous siltstone with minor shale and breccia Otse Group mE Meta-gabbro Archaean Tv Interbedded reddish quartzite, shale variably manganiferous and carbonaceous siltstone Upper Transvaal Tu Tb with chert, limestone, ironstone, andesitic volcanics (Tv) and breccia (Tb) Supergroup mA Meta-anorthositic rock Archaean Ti Basal quartzite (Black Reef Quartzite), dolomitic limestone, chert, minor limestone, ironstone (Ti), LowerTransvaal Tl variably carbonaceous siltstone and shale Supergroup Neoarchaen & Palaeoproterozoic Xg Unexposed metamorphic rocks of uncertain lithology Precambrian Lu Rhyolitic volcanics, breccio-conglomerate, siltstone, mudstone and shale Nnywane & Mogobane Formation Lobatse Group Neoarchaaean (c 2781 Ma) Lk Homogeneous felsite Kanye Formation UNMETAMORPHOSED INTRUSIVE ROCKS Kimberlite and related explosive intrusive rocks Various ages from Precambrian to Cretaceous METAMORPHIC ROCKS (ALTERED EXTRUSIVE ROCKS AS WELL AS METAMORPHIC ROCKS OF UNCERTAIN ORIGIN). D Dolirite dyke Various ages mostly Jurassics (Late karoo) md Metadolerite Various ages Precambrian Dolerite sheet and stock WC Granitic gneiss, granite, amphibole-gneiss, migmatite and metadolerite Kwando Complex ?<550 Ma)? G Granitic dyke Various ages OA Dolomitic marble and chert Aha Hills formation ? Neoproterozoic H Diorite (H MoMnzonite) (includes:Gaborone Granite Complex Hk: kubung complexes Hu) ?Archaean RB Amphibolite, magnetite-schist and granitic gneiss Roibok Group ? Neoproterozoic
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    Geographical Names Standardization BOTSWANA GEOGRAPHICAL

    SCALE 1 : 2 000 000 BOTSWANA GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 20°0'0"E 22°0'0"E 24°0'0"E 26°0'0"E 28°0'0"E Kasane e ! ob Ch S Ngoma Bridge S " ! " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° Geographical Names ° ! 8 !( 8 1 ! 1 Parakarungu/ Kavimba ti Mbalakalungu ! ± n !( a Kakulwane Pan y K n Ga-Sekao/Kachikaubwe/Kachikabwe Standardization w e a L i/ n d d n o a y ba ! in m Shakawe Ngarange L ! zu ! !(Ghoha/Gcoha Gate we !(! Ng Samochema/Samochima Mpandamatenga/ This map highlights numerous places with Savute/Savuti Chobe National Park !(! Pandamatenga O Gudigwa te ! ! k Savu !( !( a ! v Nxamasere/Ncamasere a n a CHOBE DISTRICT more than one or varying names. The g Zweizwe Pan o an uiq !(! ag ! Sepupa/Sepopa Seronga M ! Savute Marsh Tsodilo !(! Gonutsuga/Gonitsuga scenario is influenced by human-centric Xau dum Nxauxau/Nxaunxau !(! ! Etsha 13 Jao! events based on governance or culture. achira Moan i e a h hw a k K g o n B Cakanaca/Xakanaka Mababe Ta ! u o N r o Moremi Wildlife Reserve Whether the place name is officially X a u ! G Gumare o d o l u OKAVANGO DELTA m m o e ! ti g Sankuyo o bestowed or adopted circumstantially, Qangwa g ! o !(! M Xaxaba/Cacaba B certain terminology in usage Nokaneng ! o r o Nxai National ! e Park n Shorobe a e k n will prevail within a society a Xaxa/Caecae/Xaixai m l e ! C u a n !( a d m a e a a b S c b K h i S " a " e a u T z 0 d ih n D 0 ' u ' m w NGAMILAND DISTRICT y ! Nxai Pan 0 m Tsokotshaa/Tsokatshaa 0 Gcwihabadu C T e Maun ° r ° h e ! 0 0 Ghwihaba/ ! a !( o 2 !( i ata Mmanxotae/Manxotae 2 g Botet N ! Gcwihaba e !( ! Nxharaga/Nxaraga !(! Maitengwe