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Ecosystem-Based Adaptation and Mitigation in Botswana's Communal

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Ecosystem-Based Adaptation and Mitigation in Botswana's Communal Ecosystem-Based Adaptation and Mitigation in Botswana’s Communal Rangelands ANNEX 6: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) and Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) Prepared by Conservation International and C4 EcoSolutions through a PPF grant from the Green Climate Fund ESIA and ESMP Table of Contents 1. Executive summary .................................................................................................... 4 2. Introduction............................................................................................................... 9 3. Project Description .................................................................................................. 10 3.1. Strengthening community institutions and gender equitable capacity for collective action 11 3.2. Building individual capacity in herders and the community .......................................... 12 3.3. Supporting climate smart land and livestock management ........................................... 13 3.4. Strengthening mitigation & adaptive capacity across the value-chain for long-term sustainability.......................................................................................................................... 14 3.5. Knowledge sharing and mechanisms for continual improvement and replication .......... 15 4. Policy, legal and administrative framework ............................................................. 16 4.1. Governance, decentralisation and resource management instruments ......................... 16 4.2. Environmental Policy and Legal Framework ................................................................. 20 4.3. Social Policy Framework .............................................................................................. 22 4.4. Economic Development Policy Framework ................................................................... 25 4.5. Relevant GCF and CI policies ........................................................................................ 27 5. Baselines: Environmental and Social Conditions ....................................................... 27 5.1. The Demographic Component ..................................................................................... 28 5.2. The Socio Economic Component .................................................................................. 31 5.2.1. Social Conditions ........................................................................................................................ 31 5.2.2. Economic Conditions .................................................................................................................. 34 5.2.3. Environmental Component ........................................................................................................ 37 6. Stakeholder Consultations: Issues, Needs, Risks and Vulnerabilities .......................... 39 6.1. Method and Approach ................................................................................................ 39 6.2. Community experiences with ecological changes and climate events ............................ 40 6.3. Identified socio-economic impacts of changing climatic conditions ............................... 41 6.4. Human behaviour as a contributing factor to ecosystem degradation ........................... 43 6.5. Current adaptation measures and preferred future strategies ...................................... 43 6.6. Reactions to the Herding for Health model of collective rotational grazing ................... 44 6.7. Decision making and culturally appropriate communication systems ............................ 46 7. Environmental and social impacts/risks of the proposed project ............................... 47 7.1. Scope of work ............................................................................................................. 47 7.2. Assessment Criteria and Methods Used ....................................................................... 48 8. Impacts and risks identified ..................................................................................... 48 8.1. Predictive Assessment of Impacts ................................................................................ 48 2 8.2. Impact Matrices .......................................................................................................... 68 9. Environmental and Social Management Plan ........................................................... 73 9.1. Summary of main issues and mitigation measures in the context of environmental and social safeguards. ................................................................................................................... 73 9.1.1. Issues and state of triggered of safeguards ................................................................................ 73 10. Key Social and Environmental Impacts and Feasibility Assessment of Related Mitigation Measures ...................................................................................................... 80 11. Management Plans .............................................................................................. 85 11.1. Environmental Management Plan ............................................................................ 85 11.2. Labour and Working Conditions Risk Management plan ........................................... 86 11.3. Involuntary Resettlement and Restriction of Access to Natural Resources Plan ......... 89 11.4. Indicative Community Health, Safety, and Security Management Plan ...................... 89 11.4.1. Emergency Response and Preparedness Plan ............................................................................ 92 11.5. Managing Risks of Perpetuating Gender Inequalities and Women’s Exclusion ........... 97 11.5.1. Transferring Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment from the Status of Addendum to the Foundation ............................................................................................................................................ 97 11.5.2. Gender, Livelihoods and Resources: Risk Mitigation and Benefits Strengthening ..................... 99 12. Project-level accountability and grievance redress mechanism ........................... 101 The scope of complaints or grievances .................................................................................. 102 Registering a Complaint ....................................................................................................... 102 The Complaint Procedure...................................................................................................... 103 Confidentiality, Anonymity and No Retaliation ...................................................................... 105 13. Stakeholder Engagement Plan ............................................................................ 105 14. Stakeholder Engagement metric ......................................................................... 108 Appendix A: Indigenous Peoples Plan Appendix B: CI- GEF/GCF Agency’s Guidelines for Projects during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Apendix C" Safeguards Screening Analysis and Results 3 1. Executive summary As per GCF requirements an environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) has been conducted for the proposed Project to inform its design. The Project interventions are designed to significantly increase the adaptive capacity of the Botswana people to respond to the negative impacts of climate change in the country’s communal lands. The Project will exclusively service “last-mile communities” who farm on non-tenured Village Grazing Areas4 and achieve its objectives through activities holistically designed to: 1) Strengthen institutions and support systems for climate-responsive planning and management in communal rangelands; 2) Reduce emissions and negative livelihood impacts through rangeland rehabilitation and improved livestock management; 3) Sustain enhanced adaptive capacity and low-emissions development through value-chain and policy transformation. An overview of the project’s design is provided in the Theory of Change diagram below (Figure 1). Policies relevant to the ESIA include: i) GCF’s Environmental and Social Policy; ii) GCF’s Indigenous People Policy; iii) CI’s GEF/GCF Environmental and Social Management Framework; iv) CI’s Botswana Safety and Security Plan; v) CI’s Crisis Management Plan; v) CI’s GCF COVID-19 guidelines; vi) The 2018 Tribal Land Act; vii) The 2015 Forest Act; viii) The 1974 Agricultural Resources Conservation Act; ix) The 1992 Wildlife Conservation and National Parks Act; x) 2009 Revised Remote Area Development Programme (RADP) Guidelines; xi) National Development Plan 11; and xii) Rural Development Policy. The scale and type of potential biophysical, social and, where appropriate, transboundary risks and impacts will be assessed so as to ensure mitigation and monitoring strategies may be designed to manage these risks and impacts. The approach used to develop the ESIA was the conducting of stakeholder consultations identifying the issues, risks, needs and vulnerabilities of representative communities in the project areas. The purpose of these consultations was, inter alia, to capture the views of pastoralist communities relating to their specific needs, socioeconomic conditions, decision making structures, culturally-appropriate communication systems and ecological knowledge. Subsequently, the identification of potential project impacts was informed by the data collected from stakeholder
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