The Ho Chi Minh Trail Sec Ons: the Ho Chi Minh Trail Was the Route from North Vietnam to South
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Operation Lam Son 719 Amid “Vietnamization” Strategy During Vietnam War
International Journal of Social Science And Human Research ISSN(print): 2644-0679, ISSN(online): 2644-0695 Volume 04 Issue 07 July 2021 DOI: 10.47191/ijsshr/v4-i7-31, Impact factor-5.586 Page No: 1790-1798 Operation Lam Son 719 amid “Vietnamization” Strategy during Vietnam War Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Ngọc Dung1, MA. Nguyen Minh Son2 1University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;International Relations Program, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong, Vietnam, 2Ph.D. student, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam\ ABSTRACT: Fifty years ago, Operation Lam Son 719 was organized by the US Army and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) to realize their scheme to cut off the Indochina battlefield separating the Vietnam revolutionary forces from the revolutionary movement of Laos and Cambodia. Based on historical evidence from previous Vietnamese and USA documents, this article aims to prove that Operation Lam Son 719 made many strategic mistakes in assessing the military power of ARVN and the revolutionary alliance of Vietnam - Laos – Cambodia during the Vietnam War, as well as the tactical mistakes on the battlefield of ARVN. The failure of Operation Lam Son 719 dealt a heavy blow to the Vietnamization strategy, showing the passive strategic approach in the Doctrine of Vietnamization. Operation Lam Son 719 played a big role in forcing the U S to agree to negotiate with Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Paris. KEYWORDS: Operation Lam Son 719, Nixon, Vietnamization, People’s Army of Vietnam (PAVN), Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). -
US Involvement in the Vietnam War, 1954-75 Key Terms/Concepts
US involvement in the Vietnam War, 1954-75 Key terms/concepts Key Events Colony A place controlled by another country, politically and economically 1954 Defeat at Dien Bien Phu leads to French Communist A communist government owns all the businesses and land in the country it controls. Everyone works withdrawal for the government. In return, the government provides everyone in the country with everything they need. 1956 Ndo Dinh Diem refuses to hold elections Dien Bien Phu A place in North Vietnam where the Vietnminh beat the French in battle 1961 President Kennedy increases US ARVN Army of the Republic of Vietnam - South Vietnamese army involvement in Vietnam Vietcong/NVA North Vietnamese Army 1963 Quang Duc, a Buddhist monk, sets fire to Accord A formal agreement himself in Saigon DMZ (demilitarised An area where all military activity is forbidden 1964 Gulf of Tonkin zone) Domino theory The fear that once one country falls to communism, others will follow 1964 Operation Rolling Thunder launched Limited war A war where a country supports a side in a conflict by, for example, sending them supplies and 1968 Battle for Khe Sanh and Teto Offensive training their troops, but not by sending any of their own troops to fight Referendum A countrywide vote on a single issue 1968 My Lai massacre Ho Chi Minh Trail The trail used by the Vietcong that runs through Laos and Cambodia from North Vietnam to South 1968 President Johnson decides not to run for a Vietnam. It was used to send supplies and support. second term and Nixon becomes President Guerrillas -
Quiet Professionals
SP S EC ON IA TI L OPERA AS N SOCIATIO TM Pre Reunion Packet Quiet Professionals Col. Sully de Fontaine MG Eldon A. Bargewell 2/27/1927 – 4/22/2019 8/13/1947 – 4/29/2019 SOAR XLIII October 21-25, 2019 The Orleans Hotel & Casino Las Vegas, Nevada SCHOLARSHIPS Educational grants to vetted Active Duty, separated, and retired SOF and their families “The Special Operations Association Foundation provides educational grants to vetted Active Duty, separated, and 863 ELIGIBILITY: A high school graduate, or a high school student anticipating graduation during the year of application, unmarried, and under the age of 21 years at the time of application. Must be a son, daughter, or grandchild, natural or adopted, of an individual who served in a Special Operations unit, and is a SOA member in “good standing”. Applications are also accepted from wives and widows of Special Operators who are members of the Special Operations Association or were KIA or MIA while serving with a Special Operations unit in combat. APPLICATIONS: Application packets are available from 15 September of the previous year to 15 February of the year that the grant will be awarded. The deadline for the submission of all formal applications is 15 April of the year the Grant will be awarded. Inquiries should be addressed to the Chairman of the Scholarship Committee, Christopher McClure at [email protected]. More information on the Special Operations Association can be found at http://www.specialoperations.org You can also donate a portion can also donate of purchases to the Amazon You your SOAF through Smile Program the Amazon SOAF https://smile.amazon.com at Special Operations Association Fellow SOA members SP S EC ON IA TI L OPERA AS N SOCIATIO On behalf of the Special Operations Association I would like TM to welcome all members and guests to SOAR XLIII and the Beautiful Orleans Hotel. -
2016 the Orleans Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada 40 Year Pin Ceremony
Special Operations S PE NS Association C O IA TI L OPERA AS N SOCIATIO After Action Report TM Keynote Speaker CSM Shane Shorter First Special Forces Group (Airborne) SOAR XL October 17-21, 2016 The Orleans Hotel & Casino, Las Vegas, Nevada 40 Year Pin Ceremony The following SOA Members were presented their 40 Year Pins by President Rick Estes and SOA Member MG/R Eldon Bargewell at the SOAR XL Banquet: Robert T. Ashton Jim Kennedy Clifford Newman Jim Butler Larry Kimmel Garrett Robb Merlyn D. Eckles James R. Martin Clyde J. Sincere John Fryer Daniel R. Myers Michael E. Taylor David Gordon Frank B. Moore SPECIAL OPERATIONS ASSOCIATION SPECIAL OPERATIONS ASSOCIATION SOA FACT SHEET The SOA, established in December 1977 is a fraternal veteran’s organization of past and present American and Allied military personnel who have conducted special operations in a combat environment. The group includes veterans from World War II, Korea, Vietnam, in Afghanistan and Iraq. Membership is limited to Free World forces who supported, or personally participated in missions deep inside hostile territory in a combat capacity. For the most part, the SOA is composed of U.S. Army Special Forces personnel but, also includes USAF Air Commandos/FAC’s, Navy Seals, Special Operations Aviators, Marine Raider, and Force Recon personnel and veterans of other elite military organizations who were an integral part of Special Operations. a. To unite fraternally all veterans who have or are now conducting or assigned to military units which conducted such operations; and, - fense of the Free World and to those who served in Special Operations units and are still unaccounted for as POW/MIA through the management of the SOA George C. -
Operation Barrel Roll
In 1962, the United States began a “secret war” in Laos. The operation wasn’t revealed until 1970, by which time it con- sumed half of all US attack sorties in Southeast Asia. Barrel Roll By John T. Correll n early 1961, the hot spot of lead- ing concern in Southeast Asia was not Vietnam but Laos. The new US President, John IF. Kennedy, rated Laos as “the most im- mediate of the problems that we found upon taking office” in January. On March 23, Kennedy held a news conference, nationally televised, to talk about Laos. He pointed out the communist advance on a large map. The Pathet Lao insur- gents, supported by the Russians and the North Vietnamese, had captured the northeastern part of the country. “Laos is far away from America, but the world is small,” Kennedy said. “The security of all Southeast Asia will be endangered if Laos loses its neutral independence. Its own safety runs with the safety of us all, in real neutrality observed by all.” In itself, Laos had little strategic im- portance. It was remote and landlocked, with a population of only two million. However, it shared borders with six other countries and had traditionally served as a buffer zone between the more powerful neighboring states. Thousands of ancient stone jars dot the plains in the center of Laos. The real concern about Laos was that the insurgency would spread and destabilize the rest of the region. “If the group, about 750 people, left promptly, pilots flying air support for the Laotian communists [are] able to move in and but no more than 40 of the 7,000 North ground forces. -
ISSN 1553-9768 Spring 2005 Volume 5, Edition 2
ISSN 1553-9768 Spring 2005 Volume 5, Edition 2 A Peer Reviewed Journal for SOF Medical Professionals Dedicated to the Indomitable Spirit & Sacrifices of the SOF Medic A Special Forces doctor treats a patient’s mouth during a sick call for local Afghans in southern Afghanistan. From the Editor The Journal of Special Operations Medicine is an authorized official quarterly publication of the United States Special Operations Command, MacDill Air Force Base, Florida. It is not a product of the Special Operations Medical Association (SOMA). Our mission is to promote the professional development of Special Operations medical personnel by providing a forum for the examination of the latest advancements in medicine. DISCLOSURE STATEMENT: THE VIEWS CONTAINED HEREIN ARE THOSE OF THE AUTHORS AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE OFFI- CIAL DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE POSITION. THE UNITED STATES SPECIAL OPERATIONS COMMAND AND THE JOURNAL OF SPECIAL OPERATIONS MEDICINE DO NOT HOLD THEMSELVES RESPONSIBLE FOR STATEMENTS OR PRODUCTS DISCUSSED IN THE ARTICLES. UNLESS SO STATED, MATERIAL IN THE JSOM DOES NOT REFLECT THE ENDORSEMENT, OFFICIAL ATTITUDE, OR POSITION OF THE USSOCOM-SG OR OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD. Articles, photos, artwork, and letters are invited, as are comments and criticism, and should be addressed to Editor, Journal of Special Operations Medicine, USSOCOM, SOC-SG, 7701 Tampa Point Blvd., MacDill AFB, FL 33621-5323. Telephone: DSN 299-5442, commercial: (813) 828-5442, fax: -2568; e-mail [email protected]. The JSOM is serial indexed (ISSN) with the Library of Congress and all scientific articles are peer-reviewed prior to pub- lication. The Journal of Special Operations Medicine reserves the right to edit all material. -
The Ho Chi Minh Trail Directions: Read the Paragraphs Below and Study the Map Carefully
aran-0622-ir 11/15/01 3:05 PM Page 51 Name Date GEOGRAPHY APPLICATION: LOCATION CHAPTER 22 The Ho Chi Minh Trail Directions: Read the paragraphs below and study the map carefully. Then answer Section 4 the questions that follow. he Ho Chi Minh Trail developed from a net- North Vietnam’s Inroads into South Vietnam Twork of existing hidden jungle paths. During the 1960s, it became the main route used by North Vietnam to get troops and supplies into South CHINA Vietnam in support of the Vietcong’s fight against South Vietnamese troops and their U.S. allies. The NORTH trail was named for Ho Chi Minh, the leader of VIETNAM North Vietnam at the time. When North Vietnamese soldiers were wounded, they were transported up the trail for treatment. r e v Gulf of Tonkin U.S. and South Vietnamese troops tried repeat- i R g edly to cut or destroy this lifeline. They drenched n o LAOS k the surrounding jungle with defoliants to kill trees e and other vegetation. This effort failed, and North M Vietnam continued to use the trail. Invasion DEMILITARIZED ZONE (DMZ) The Tet Offensive of early 1968 showed how of Laos determined North Vietnam was. The North Hue Da Nang Vietnamese and the Vietcong launched simultane- Ho Chi Minh Trail ous raids on provincial capitals and major cities THAILAND Quangngai throughout South Vietnam at the beginning of Tet, the lunar new year celebration. The U.S. Embassy Pleiku in Saigon was attacked, as were many other suppos- edly secure sites. The planning and coordination Quinhon r e SOUTH needed to carry out such an action stunned v i VIETNAM Americans in Vietnam and in the United States. -
Journalism's "Valley of Death" Telling the Truth About Covert Operations
Vol. 5, No. 6 September-October, 1998 Probe is published by CTKA Citizens for Truth about the Kennedy Assassination Magazine. The truth is in here. 1998 All Rights Reserved $5.00 Journalism's "VallEy of DEath" Telling the truth about covert operations By Lisa Pease by Charles Bowden in the cur- INSIDE THIS ISSUE rent issue of Esquire (9/98), The Big One was the reporter's holy "When the Big Dog gers off the grail—the tip that led you horn the daily porch, watch out." morass of press conferences and cop calls The Big One recently hit April on to the trail of The Biggest Story 1bu'd Oliver and Jack Smith in the form Ever Write. the one that would turn the The Sins of Robert Blakey of the Operation Tailwind epi- rest of your career into an anticlimax. Part I sode. And Big Dog got off the The Big One, I believed. would be like a porch. As with the others, Oliver bullet with your name on it. You'd never and Smith have truth on their hear it coming. Jim DlEugenio begins his side. And as with the others, Gary Webb wrote the above in two-part investigation of the truth is no defense against Big the opening pages of his new book Dog in the short term. Telling the Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, House Select Committee truth about covert operations all and the Crack Cocaine Explosion. His too often proves to be a journal- bullet came in the form of a phone istic "Valley of Death." call that led him to his three part On June 7 of this year, CNN series in the San Jose Mercury News, where he was crazy enough to actually believe in the aired a new show called Newsstand. -
DEC 2018 Part B.Pdf
Page | 1 C2BRNE DIARY– December 2018 www.cbrne-terrorism-newsletter.com Page | 2 C2BRNE DIARY– December 2018 www.cbrne-terrorism-newsletter.com Page | 3 C2BRNE DIARY– December 2018 Saudi Progress in Nuclear Research Source: http://www.inss.org.il/publication/saudi-progress-nuclear-research/ Nov 29 – In November 2018, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman laid the foundation stone for seven scientific/technological projects in the kingdom, including a nuclear research reactor. Saudi Arabia's interest in nuclear matters is nothing new, nor is the concern that in certain conditions, the kingdom is liable to move toward nuclear weapons. Indeed, even though it does not yet have any capabilities to speak of, anxiety about a Saudi nuclear project was validated last March when for the first time bin Salman said publicly and explicitly that if Iran acquires a military nuclear option, the kingdom will acquire the same capability without delay. While construction of a nuclear research reactor is not a prerequisite for construction of large scale nuclear plants, as has been demonstrated by the United Arab Emirates, from a certain perspective, it is a wise step for a country lacking human and technological infrastructure. Such a measure is liable to prove alarming, however, if it becomes clear that its goal is not merely to train staff for the nuclear reactors, but also to prepare the infrastructure for possible production of plutonium from the irradiated nuclear fuel in the research reactor. This is certainly possible: The Iraqi reactor was originally presented as a nuclear research reactor, and other reactors can, under certain conditions, be used for this plutonium production. -
Communal Land Titling in Practice: Lessons from Khammouane Province, Lao PDR
Towards equitable and secure access to land and natural resources for family farmers in the Mekong region Capitalization Note June 2017 Communal land titling in practice: Lessons from Khammouane Province, Lao PDR Mr Bounthavy, shown here on the communal land, is the leader of the Talak communal land management committee CIDSE-Laos Mekong Region Land Governance Capitalization Note Written by Stuart Ling and Natalia Scurrah Reviewed by: Christian Castellanet, Mekong Region Land Governance Khankham Douangsila, CIDSE-Laos Country Representative For more information, contact Stuart Ling, Independent Consultant: <[email protected]> Khankham Douangsila, CIDSE-Laos Country Representative: <[email protected]> Natalia Scurrah, MRLG: <[email protected]> Suggested citation: Ling, S. and Scurrah, N. (2017). Communal land titling in practice: Lessons from Khammouane Province, Lao PDR. MRLG Capitalization Note Series #3. Vientiane: Mekong Region Land Governance. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Photo cover credit: Stuart Ling Table of contents Table of contents Executive Summary ii List of acronyms iv 1. Background 1 2. Process description 5 3. Main results 10 4. Lessons learned 14 5. Conditions for replication 18 5.1. Scaling up the innovation successfully 18 5.2. Limits to scaling up 20 6. Conclusion 25 References and suggested readings 27 Annexes 30 Annex 1. Final PLUP Map of Talaknathin village 30 Annex 2. Timeline of the CLT process in Talaknathin village 31 Annex 3. Communal Land Use Regulations, Talaknathin village 32 List of Figures Figure 1. Location map of Talaknathin village 4 Figure 2. The PONRE team with their measuring instruments showing the karsts surrounding the communal land 8 Figure 3. -
A Rapid Participatory Biodiversity Assessment
A Rapid Participatory Biodiversity Assessment Stora Enso Eucalypt Plantation in Southern Lao PDR Conducted by IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) in Lao PDR May 19, 2008 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Authored by: IUCN Lao PDR Copyright: © 2007 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Resources: Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Lao PDR Country Office: 082/01 Fa Ngum Road Ban watt Chan P.O. Box 4340 Vientiane, Lao PDR www. iucn.org Tel: +856 -21 216401 Fax: +856 -21216127 2 Contents Executive Summary................................................................................................... i Recommendations................................................................................................... iii 5.1 Recommendations to strengthen the -
Briefing Paper for the 10Th EU-Laos Human Rights Dialogue
FIDH – International Federation for Human Rights and its member organization Lao Movement for Human Rights (LMHR) Briefing paper for the 10th EU-Laos Human Rights Dialogue 14 June 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 .… Political prisoners remain behind bars 2 .… Failure to cooperate with UN human rights mechanisms 3 .… Third UPR marks a step backward 3 .… Legislative elections fail to meet international standards 5 .… Freedom of expression stifled 6 .… Serious violations of religious freedoms persist 7 .… Negative impact of infrastructure and investment projects 11 .. COVID-19 affects infrastructure projects and their impact 12 .. Dam collapse survivors neglected There has been no improvement in the human rights situation in Laos in 2020-2021. Serious violations of civil and political rights, as well as social, economic, and cultural rights, have continued to occur and have remained unaddressed. This briefing paper provides a summary of key human rights developments during this period. Political prisoners remain behind bars Several individuals who have been imprisoned for the exercise of their right to freedom of opinion and expression remain behind bars. They include: • Ms. Houayheuang Xayabouly, aka Mouay, 32, who has been detained since 12 September 2019, is serving a five-year prison sentence on spurious charges under Article 117 of the Criminal Code (“Propaganda against the Lao People’s Democratic Republic”). Mouay is currently detained in Champasak provincial prison. • Mr. Somphone Phimmasone, 34, Mr. Soukan Chaithad, 37, and Ms. Lodkham Thammavong, approximately 35, who have been detained since March 2016, are serving prison sentences of 20, 16, and 12 years, respectively, on trumped-up charges under Articles 56, 65, and 72 of the Criminal Code.