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A Rqueologia E Etnologia

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A Rqueologia E Etnologia R e v ist a d o M u se u de A RQUEOLOGIA E ETNOLOGIA U niversidade de SAo Pa u lo As Práticas M ortuárias na região da Argólida entre os séculos XI e VIII a.C. Camila Diogo de Souza R ev ista do M u seu de A rq u eo lo g ia e Et n o lo g ia Comissão Editorial Astolfo Gomes de Mello Araújo Camilo de Mello Vasconcelos Fabíola Andréa Silva Maria Isabel D’Agostino Fleming Editora Responsável Maria Isabel D’Agostino Fleming Conselho Editorial Ana Mae Tavares Barbosa Kabengele Munanga Antonio Porro Lux Vidal Augusto Titarelli Maria Luiza Corassin Aziz N. Ab’Saber Maria Manuela Carneiro da Cunha Carlos Serrano Maria Margareth Lopes Fábio Leite Niède Guidon Felipe Tirado Segura Noberto Luiz Guarinello Gabriela Martin D’A vila Pedro Ignácio Schmitz Igor Chmyz Pedro Paulo Abreu Funari Jacyntho Lins Brandão Rudolf Winkes José Antonio Dabdab Trabulsi Solange Godoy Pede -se permuta We ask for exchange MAE Av. Prof. Almeida Prado, 1.466 Cidade Universitária - São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-900 - Fax 3091-4977 http://www.mae.usp.br - [email protected] Capa: Tirinto, T. 1971/1. Foto da sepultura aberta. GERCKE, P und HIESEL, G. Tiryns Vili. Taf. 31, 2. (N 1971-014-14 - Cortesia do DAI) R e v ist a d o M u se u d e A r q u e o l o g ia e E t n o l o g ia U niversidade d e S ã o Pa u l o As Práticas Mortuárias na região da Argólida entre os séculos XI e VIII a.C. Camila Diogo de Souza Suplemento 13 2011 S ã o P a u l o , B r a sil Ao Prof. Dr. Robin Hägg. Agradecimentos A necessidade de concisão dos agradecimentos apresentados para a publicação não faz jus à gratidão às pessoas aQui mencionadas Que desempenharam, por um lado, um papel fundamental na execução prática de um trabalho imenso, difícil e, à primeira vista, impossível; e, por outro lado, em diferentes momentos, proporcionaram formas diversificadas de apoio emocional, igualmente vitais para a realização de uma tese de doutorado. Meu profundo agradecimento à Profa. Dra. Haiganuch Sarian, minha orientadora, Que me acompanhou, auxiliou e abriu portas para Que eu conseguisse desenvolver tal pesQuisa. Da mesma forma, agradeço imensamente a pessoa Que considero meu co-orientador, responsá­ vel pela escolha do tema, Que, desde o início, incentivou e colaborou intensamente para Que sua própria pesQuisa tivesse continuidade. Ao Prof. Dr. Robin Hãgg meus sinceros agradecimentos repletos de admi­ ração profissional e de carinho pessoal. A Profa. Dra. Elaine F. V. Hirata pela formação acadêmica, pela confiança e incentivo e pelas contribuições críticas ao trabalho, inclusive pelos comentários apresentados na defesa do doutorado, pelos Quais agradeço também ao Prof. Dr. Álvaro H. Allegrette, Prof. Dr. Fábio V. CerQueira e Prof. Dr. Norberto L. Guarinello. Agradeço também à Dra. B. Wells (in memoriam), ao Prof. Dr. A. M. Snodgrass, E. Pappi, L. Hapiot, Dra. A. Papadimitriou, Prof. Dr. R Gercke, Prof. Dr. Y. Garlan, Prof. Dr. J.-F. Bommelaer, Profa. Dra. C. Morgan, Prof. Dr. J. Maran, Dra. A.-L. Schallin, Prof. Dra. E. French, Prof. Dr. J. Whitley, Dra. A. Pariente, A. Philippa-Touchais, Prof. Dr. J.-M. Luce, Prof. Dr. D. Mulliez, G. Panitskas, L. Trouki, E. Platanitou, Y. Logelin, Ph. Pistikidis, Fl. Clark, V. Tzvara, R. Pitt, A. Kakissis, Dra. M.-F. Billot, Prof. Dr. R Carlier (in memoriam), Prof. Dr. F. DePolignac, Y. Khronis, Kh. Vlachos, V. Kosmopoulos, V. Gianno- poulos, M. Palaiodimou e V. Mavroth pelo apoio e contribuições à pesQuisa das formas mais variadas, de um lado, discussões acadêmicas, críticas, comentários e sugestões, fornecimento de artigos, troca de informações e análises inéditas e, de outro, todo auxílio e a viabilização burocrática prestados no estudo de material inédito nas reservas técnicas dos museus, arQuivos manuscritos e bibliotecas e em Questões práticas fundamentais na realização da pesQuisa de doutorado durante os estágios no exterior, como hospedagem. Particularmente, sou grata à gentileza dos pesQuisadores e seus respectivos centros de pesQuisa Que forneceram os negativos para a presente publicação, incluindo os responsáveis pelos arQui­ vos dos respectivos centros: ao Prof. Dr. R. Hãgg e ao Instituto Sueco de Atenas (Swedish Institute at Athens - SIA), ao Prof. Dr. Yvon Garlan e ao Prof. Dr. J.-F. Bommelaer e à Escola Francesa de Atenas (École française d’Athènes - EfA), ao Prof. E Gercke e ao Prof. Dr. J. Maran e ao Instituo Alemão de Atenas (DAI), à Profa. Dra. E. French e à Escola Britânica de Atenas (British School at Athens - BSA) e à E. Pappi e à Eforia de Náuplia (A'EO>OPEIA nPOÏIT. & KAAZ. APX/TQN NAYIIAIO - A'EFIKA Mouoeío NanítMoi)). Sou profundamente grata aos meus amigos e familiares Que, também de diversas maneiras, ofereceram apoio e suporte intelectual e emocional em vários momentos cruciais da pesQuisa. Para meu Querido e eterno companheiro, Gabriel de C. G. Castanho, à Carolina K. B. Dias, eterna amiga e com­ panheira de trabalho, por sua contribuição fundamental à tese, aos meus estimados pais, Vera A. L. de Sousa e Dalton D. Souza, meus avós, Jorge Liveraro (in memoriam) e Ilydia D. Liveraro, à Yara M. C. de Carvalho, ao amigo Gilberto S. Francisco pelos desenhos dos vasos, Suzana Melo, Ana Paula e Sandro Venturi, Maria Theodosi, Eleftheria Pinakoulaki, Olavo A. G. Castanho, Maria de Lourdes C. de Car­ valho, Emiliano Lima, Paula F. Argôlo e Cíntia A. Gama. Agradeço também aos funcionários do Museu de ArQueologia e Etnologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MAE / USP), em especial à Denise Dal Pino pela elaboração dos mapas e plantas e aos docentes e responsáveis pelo Programa de Pós-graduação Que apoiam e incentivam a publicação das teses do MAE. Finalmente, à FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à PesQuisa do Estado de São Paulo), pelo imprescindível suporte financeiro durante os Quatro anos de pes­ Quisa de doutorado. / Indice Agradecimentos.............................................................................................................................. 7 Prefácio........................................................................................................................................... 13 Abreviaturas.................................................................................................................................. 15 I) Periódicos..............................................................................................................................15 II) Obras específicas............................................................................................................... 15 III) Cronologia / Períodos e subperíodos abordados...........................................................15 Referências das Figuras............................................................................................................... 16 Referências das Tabelas..............................................................................................................19 Referências dos Gráficos............................................................................................................ 22 Referências dos Mapas e Plantas...............................................................................................23 Fig. 1 - Quadro cronológico comparativo da Idade do Ferro para as regiões da Atica e da Argólida, segundo A. M. Snodgrass...............................................24 Fig. 2 - Quadro cronológico comparativo do Período Geométrico na Argólida (cerâmica argiva), segundo P Courbin e J. N......................................................25 Introdução.....................................................................................................................................27 Capítulo 1 A ArQueologia das Práticas Mortuárias: fundamentos e perspectivas.................................. 39 I) O termo Arqueologia das Práticas Mortuárias e seus usos. Quando, onde, por Quê?.................................................................................................39 II) A reprodução das relações sociais nos contextos funerários. Os pressupostos da Nova ArQueologia.........................................................................41 III) A representação das relações sociais nos contextos funerários. Os fundamentos da ArQueologia Contextual.............................................................45 IV) A morte e as visões da Antropologia, da História e da Semiologia......................... 47 V) Padrões de Representação? Os mortos, a ideologia e a estatística. Interações e perspectivas................................................................................................51 VI) Conclusões: os mortos e a organização da sociedade. Mundos congruentes ou divergentes?..........................................................................56 Capítulo 2 Os contextos funerários da Argólida: metodologia de análise............................................... 61 I) A elaboração e a organização do corpus documental.................................................... 61 II A classificação e os critérios de análise do corpus documental....................................... 65 - Informações Gerais.......................................................................................................... 65 Idade / Gênero e as relações com os Tipos de Sepultura........................................... 66 Orientação e Posição do corpo...................................................................................... 69 - O Mobiliário Funerário................................................................................................... 74 - Localização. Pensando o espaço
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