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EARLY HELLADIC DECORATED CERAMIC HEARTHS Erin E EARLY HELLADIC DECORATED CERAMIC HEARTHS Erin E. Galligan A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Classics (Classical Archaeology). Chapel Hill 2013 Approved by: Donald C. Haggis G. Kenneth Sams Monika Trümper Carla Antonaccio Joanne Murphy © 2013 Erin E. Galligan ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT ERIN E. GALLIGAN: Early Helladic Decorated Ceramic Hearths (Under the direction of Dr. Donald C. Haggis) Early Helladic (EH) II ceramic hearths are often one criterion for identifying central place sites in the EH II landscape, which are otherwise characterized by some combination of monumental architecture, fortification walls, and evidence of incipient administrative systems. Often decorated with incised, impressed, or roller-impressed geometric designs, these hearths are a component of an elite assemblage, despite the fact that the ceramic type has not yet been studied comprehensively as an artifact. This dissertation presents the results of a project that examines the decorated ceramic hearth with special emphasis on the Greek mainland. It compiles a catalog of published examples of complete and fragmentary ceramic hearths, examining patterns of form, typology, and depositional context. It finds that the circular shape is most common in mainland Greece, and that they were often but not always used and displayed in elite architectural contexts that served as the backdrop for formal feasting and/or drinking activities. The dissertation also examines the iconography of the decorated hearth rims in comparison to other glyptic evidence of the period, namely sealings and roller-impressed pithoi, and finds that the hearths have their own unique iconography, similar to but with significant differences from the pithoi, with which they are often compared. Elites at iii these emerging centers of economic control created a new iconographic repertoire to distinguish themselves, which is then reduplicated across the landscape in public contexts of consumption. iv To my father. v Acknowledgments I would like to thank first and foremost my adviser, Donald Haggis, for his years of mentoring and support. I also extend heartfelt thanks to my committee members, G. Kenneth Sams, Monika Trümper, Joanne Murphy, and especially Carla Antonaccio, who first introduced me to the material culture of Bronze Age Greece. I would also like to thank numerous others for their permission to study these artifacts, including Daniel Pullen, James Wright, Martha Heath-Wiencke, Joseph Maran, David Wilson, Guy Sanders, and Carol Hershenson. This study could not have been possible without the permits granted by the D' Ephoreia of Nauplio, the Corinth Ephoreia, the KA' Ephoreia, and the Z' Ephoreia of the Greek Ministry of Culture, and Ioanna Damanaki, who was instrumental in arranging these. For assistance in locating the necessary fragments, appreciation is also due to Ioulia Tzonou-Herbst, Christos Liagouras, and Susanne Prillwitz. Financially, the project was supported by the Mooney fellowship from the Research Laboratories of Archaeology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Finally, it remains to thank those who have supported me personally through this process, including my parents and sister, Jeff Stanley, and Omar Tariq. vi Table of Contents List of Tables..................................................................................................................xi List of Images...............................................................................................................xii Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................1 The Question........................................................................................................1 Brief Survey of Scholarship on Greek Hearths in Antiquity...............................3 Methodology and Organization of the Dissertation...........................................11 Chapter 2: EBA Society.................................................................................................15 Mycenaean Hearths...........................................................................................16 EH Society: Classes of Evidence and Theories................................................20 Burials...............................................................................................................21 Settlement Patterns...........................................................................................25 Monumental Architecture: Corridor Houses.....................................................28 Sealing Systems................................................................................................32 Social Organization in EB II.............................................................................34 Chapter 3: EH Hearths: Previous Research and Aims of the Study..............................37 Previous Research.............................................................................................37 Aims and Methodology of the Present Study....................................................41 Definitions.........................................................................................................43 Hearths vs. Baking Pans....................................................................................48 vii Chapter 4: Catalog of mainland Hearths......................................................................54 Lerna.................................................................................................................55 Corinth..............................................................................................................71 Tsoungiza..........................................................................................................80 Tiryns................................................................................................................89 Argolid Exploration Project............................................................................103 Ayios Dhimitrios.............................................................................................110 Eutresis............................................................................................................113 Asine...............................................................................................................116 Berbati.............................................................................................................117 The Berbati-Limnes Survey............................................................................119 Kolonna, Aegina.............................................................................................121 Zygouries........................................................................................................122 Rouph..............................................................................................................124 Dokos..............................................................................................................124 Poros...............................................................................................................126 Thebes.............................................................................................................127 Askitario..........................................................................................................128 Makrovouni-Kefalari.......................................................................................128 Lefkandi...........................................................................................................129 Kythera............................................................................................................129 Chapter 5: Hearths of Ayia Irini, Keos, and the Cyclades...........................................131 viii Introduction......................................................................................................131 Typology...........................................................................................................133 Production........................................................................................................137 Decoration and Iconography...........................................................................138 Contexts..........................................................................................................143 Other Cylcadic Hearths...................................................................................146 Baking Pans from Mt. Kythnos, Delos...........................................................146 Naxian “hat-like” vases..................................................................................147 The Cycladic Evidence: Conclusion...............................................................148 Chapter 6: Formal and Stylistic Typologies...............................................................150 Typology & Distribution................................................................................150 Shape..............................................................................................................152 Size.................................................................................................................156 Rim and Pan Profile.......................................................................................159
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