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Dextranos De Bacterias Lácticas Aisladas De Productos Cárnicos: Caracterización Y Aplicaciones

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Dextranos De Bacterias Lácticas Aisladas De Productos Cárnicos: Caracterización Y Aplicaciones DEXTRANOS DE BACTERIAS LÁCTICAS AISLADAS DE PRODUCTOS CÁRNICOS: CARACTERIZACIÓN Y APLICACIONES Programa de doctorado en Biotecnología Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Universidad de Valencia (España) Directoras Dra. Rosa Aznar Novella Dra. Paloma López García Montserrat Nácher Vázquez Tesis doctoral Valencia, 2015 UNIVERSITAT DE VALÈNCIA Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas DEXTRANOS DE BACTERIAS LÁCTICAS AISLADAS DE PRODUCTOS CÁRNICOS: CARACTERIZACIÓN Y APLICACIONES Montserrat Nácher Vázquez Tesis doctoral DIRECTORAS Dra. Rosa Aznar Novella Dra. Paloma López García Valencia, 2015 Dra. Rosa Aznar Novella, Catedrática del Departamento de Microbiología y Ecología de la Universidad de Valencia, y miembro del Claustro científico ampliado del Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (CSIC, Valencia). Dra. Paloma López García, Investigadora Científica del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas en el Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC, Madrid). CERTIFICAN: Que Montserrat Nácher Vázquez ha realizado el trabajo de tesis doctoral “Dextranos de bacterias lácticas aisladas de productos cárnicos: Caracterización y aplicaciones” en las instalaciones del Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos y en las instalaciones del Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas. El trabajo ha sido co‐dirigido por las Dras. Rosa Aznar Novella y Paloma López García, que autorizan la lectura y defensa de la misma. Y para que así conste a los efectos oportunos, firman la presente en Valencia en Septiembre de 2015. Fdo.: Dra. Paloma López García Fdo.: Dra. Rosa Aznar Novella La realización de este trabajo ha sido posible gracias al disfrute de una ayuda para el desarrollo de tesis doctorales en el marco del programa “Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios” de la Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), subprograma JAE‐Predoc (referencia: JAEPre08, convocatoria del año 2008). Así, como a la contratación como titulada superior con cargo al Proyecto del Plan Nacional AGL2012‐40084‐C03‐01 y al Proyecto PIE‐201320E01 subvencionado por el CSIC. El presente trabajo de tesis doctoral ha sido realizado en el marco de los proyectos de investigación, financiados con fondos públicos, que se detallan a continuación: “Identificación y tipificación molecular de bacterias lácticas productoras de exopolisacáridos y su aplicación en el desarrollo de nuevos alimentos funcionales” REF. AGL2006‐11932‐C05‐03/ALI (2006‐2010, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica y Desarrollo Tecnológico). Coordinadora (CO) Paloma López e Investigadora Principal (IP) en la Universidad de Valencia Rosa Aznar. “Nuevos Ingredientes de Alimentos Funcionales para mejorar la salud” REF. CSD2007‐ 00063 (2007‐2012, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica y Desarrollo Tecnológico). IP Francisco Tomás Barberán. “Estirpes de Lactobacillus y Pediococcus productoras de glucano. Evaluación de sus características probióticas y análisis de las propiedades físico‐químicas y funcionales de sus exopolisacáridos”. REF. AGL2009‐12998‐C03. (2009‐2014, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica y Desarrollo Tecnológico). CO e IP en el Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB) Paloma López. “Identificación y tipificación molecular de bacterias lácticas productoras de exopolisacáridos y su aplicación en el desarrollo de nuevos alimentos funcionales” REF. GVACOMP2009‐257 (2009, Conselleria de Cultura, Educació i Ciència. Generalitat Valenciana). IP Rosa Aznar. “Exploración de la diversidad microbiana y de su potencial biotecnológico” REF. PROMETEO/2012/040 (2012‐2015, Conselleria de Educación Generalitat Valenciana). IP Rosa Aznar. “Caracterización molecular de la producción de dextrano por Lb. sakei MN1”. REF. PIE‐ 201320E01. (2013‐2014, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas). IP Paloma López. “Identificación de polisacáridos prebióticos y bacterias probióticas con capacidad inmunomoduladora para su uso en nuevos alimentos funcionales”. REF. AGL2012‐ 40084‐C03. (2013‐2016, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica y Desarrollo Tecnológico). CO e IP en el CIB Paloma López. AGRADECIMIENTOS A lo largo de mi tesis doctoral he tenido momentos de risas y de grandes alegrías, pero también algunos muy duros cargados de tristeza y frustración. Con la experiencia que he adquirido estos años cambiaría ciertas cosas, pero seguramente no hubiera aprendido todo lo que sé, ni sería la persona que soy ahora mismo. Sin embargo, de lo que sí que estoy totalmente convencida, es que no estaría escribiendo estas líneas si no fuera por todas las personas que me han acompañado a lo largo de estos años. Ahora, ha llegado el momento de dedicarles unas palabras de agradecimiento. A la gente del IATA, que me ha acompañado en mi primera etapa de tesis. Recuerdo como si fuera ayer la primera vez que entré como alumna colaboradora. Gracias por tantos momentos de risas, meriendas, viajes, cenas, fiestas….y de ciencia, claro. Perdonarme si no pongo los nombres de cada uno de vosotros, pero por suerte hemos sido muchísimos, y no me gustaría dejarme a nadie. Así que, GRACIAS A TODOS. Gracias a toda la gente de mi laboratorio 306 (Juan, Jordi, Edu, Sole, Alba…), especialmente a Empar, mi primera maestra, y a Patri y Gloria, mis otras maestras y compañeras. De ellas he aprendido mucho, no sólo cosas de trabajo. A la gente del CIB, que me han acogido como una más en mi segunda etapa de tesis. Todo empezó con una estancia hace 5 años y desde entonces sigo allí. Gracias a todas las personas con las que me cruzo por los pasillos y me dedican una sonrisa y un saludo. Gracias a mi gente de los cafés y comidas (Lorena, Sofi, Cris, Cristina, Ana, Virtu, Ramón, Gloria y Jose). Compartir el día a día con vosotros hace el trabajo mucho más llevadero. Gracias a toda la gente de mi otro laboratorio 306, especialmente a Mariángeles, Pilar, Sara, Mariluz y Adrián, mis compañeros en los momentos más estresantes de esta etapa, y a Nuria y Víctor, con los que aprendí lo que es enseñar. Gracias también a mi actual laboratorio 300. A Luis Rivas, por confiar en mí, a Maria, por ser mi compañera y amiga y a Nuria, por ser la alegría del laboratorio. A toda la gente que ha colaborado para que esta tesis salga adelante, especialmente a Alicia Prieto, Ángeles Canales, Sara Isabel Pérez, Sylvia Rodríguez, Daniel Gozalbo, Marisa Gil, Iñaki Iturria, Miguel Ángel Pardo y Mario García. Muchas gracias por todo. A mis directoras de tesis Rosa Aznar y Paloma López, que han hecho que crezca como científica. Gracias por creer en mí y enseñarme tanto. Habéis sido más que las directoras de mi tesis. Rosa, gracias por darme mi primera oportunidad y transmitirme ese saber estar. Paloma, gracias por acogerme en tu grupo y hacerme sentir tan querida, como tú dices, como una hija. A mis amigos, que me han soportado todos estos años con “la tesis a cuestas”. Gracias por vuestra paciencia y comprensión, sin entender en muchas ocasiones ni lo que estaba haciendo. No puedo evitar acordarme de mis mosqueteros, en especial de Fanny, que durante tantos años me ha llamado “doctora Nácher”. Gracias por creer tanto en mí. Y gracias a todas mis compis de piso, especialmente a Nuria, por ser mi gran apoyo aquí en Madrid. A mi familia, lo más importante que tengo. GRACIAS por quererme y respetar tanto mi trabajo. A mis tios, primos, a LAS VAZQUEZ… a pesar de la distancia que nos separa, siempre os llevo conmigo. Orgullosa y feliz de pertenecer a esta familia. Gracias también a mi nueva familia política, por dejarme formar parte de vuestras vidas. Gracias Magdalena y Salvador, por acogerme como a una hija. A mis padres, Maria y José. GRACIAS POR TODO. Gracias por los valores y la educación que me habéis dado y por la paciencia y el amor que sigo recibiendo de vosotros. Si he llegado hasta aquí y soy como soy, es gracias a vosotros. Gracias por soportar, desde hace 31 años, “mis cosas”. Sois los mejores padres que jamás podría haber deseado tener. Aunque no os lo diga tan a menudo, OS QUIERO. A Salva, mi nueva familia. Gracias por apoyarme en todo momento y por tu paciencia, comprensión y amor incondicional. Nadie mejor que tú sabe por todo lo que he pasado para llegar hasta aquí. Gracias por creer tanto en mí y no dejarme tirar nunca la toalla. En tu tesis dijiste que me hacías partícipe de la mitad del trabajo. Lo mismo te digo yo a ti ahora. Gracias por estar a mi lado, para lo bueno y para lo malo. GRACIAS MI ESE. Te quiero. A mi familia “Para mí, no hay emoción o satisfacción comparable a la que produce la actividad creadora, tanto en ciencia como en el arte, literatura u otras ocupaciones del intelecto humano. Mi mensaje, dirigido sobre todo a la juventud, es que si sienten inclinación por la ciencia, la sigan, pues no dejará de proporcionarles satisfacciones inigualables. Cierto es que abundan los momentos de desaliento y frustración, pero estos se olvidan pronto, mientras que las satisfacciones no se olvidan jamás” Severo Ochoa (1905‐1993) Premio Nobel de Fisiología y Medicina "No te conformes con el qué, sino que logra saber el porqué y el cómo" Robert Baden‐Powell (1857‐1941) Fundador del Movimiento Scout ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 1. LAS BACTERIAS DEL ÁCIDO LÁCTICO………………………………………………………………………………….
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