The Gregorian Calendar
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The Late Republic in 5 Timelines (Teacher Guide and Notes)
1 180 BC: lex Villia Annalis – a law regulating the minimum ages at which a individual could how political office at each stage of the cursus honorum (career path). This was a step to regularising a political career and enforcing limits. 146 BC: The fall of Carthage in North Africa and Corinth in Greece effectively brought an end to Rome’s large overseas campaigns for control of the Mediterranean. This is the point that the historian Sallust sees as the beginning of the decline of the Republic, as Rome had no rivals to compete with and so turn inwards, corrupted by greed. 139 BC: lex Gabinia tabelleria– the first of several laws introduced by tribunes to ensure secret ballots for for voting within the assembliess (this one applied to elections of magistrates). 133 BC – the tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus, who along with his younger brother, is seen as either a social reformer or a demagogue. He introduced an agrarian land that aimed to distribute Roman public land to the poorer elements within Roman society (although this act quite likely increased tensions between the Italian allies and Rome, because it was land on which the Italians lived that was be redistributed). He was killed in 132 BC by a band of senators led by the pontifex maximus (chief priest), because they saw have as a political threat, who was allegedly aiming at kingship. 2 123-121 BC – the younger brother of Tiberius Gracchus, Gaius Gracchus was tribune in 123 and 122 BC, passing a number of laws, which apparent to have aimed to address a number of socio-economic issues and inequalities. -
Calendar of Roman Events
Introduction Steve Worboys and I began this calendar in 1980 or 1981 when we discovered that the exact dates of many events survive from Roman antiquity, the most famous being the ides of March murder of Caesar. Flipping through a few books on Roman history revealed a handful of dates, and we believed that to fill every day of the year would certainly be impossible. From 1981 until 1989 I kept the calendar, adding dates as I ran across them. In 1989 I typed the list into the computer and we began again to plunder books and journals for dates, this time recording sources. Since then I have worked and reworked the Calendar, revising old entries and adding many, many more. The Roman Calendar The calendar was reformed twice, once by Caesar in 46 BC and later by Augustus in 8 BC. Each of these reforms is described in A. K. Michels’ book The Calendar of the Roman Republic. In an ordinary pre-Julian year, the number of days in each month was as follows: 29 January 31 May 29 September 28 February 29 June 31 October 31 March 31 Quintilis (July) 29 November 29 April 29 Sextilis (August) 29 December. The Romans did not number the days of the months consecutively. They reckoned backwards from three fixed points: The kalends, the nones, and the ides. The kalends is the first day of the month. For months with 31 days the nones fall on the 7th and the ides the 15th. For other months the nones fall on the 5th and the ides on the 13th. -
Nineveh 2006-1-2
NINEVEH NPublicationIN of the EAssyrian FoundationVE of AmericaH Established 1964 Volume 29, Numbers 1-2 ; First-Second Quarters ܀ 2006 ܐ ، ܐ 29 ، ܕܘܒܐ Nineveh, Volume 29, Number 1 1 ͻـͯـͼـ͕ͣ NINEVEH First-Second Quarters 2006 In this issue: :ƣNjƾNjLJ ƤܗƢƦ Volume 29, Numbers 1-2 English Section Editor: Robert Karoukian Dr. Donny George on the Assyrian National Editorial Staff: Firas Jatou name and denominational differences……..………….3 Dr. Joel Elias Assyrian Tamuz Games ‘06 ………………………….6 Tobia Giwargis Assyrian Author Testifies Before US House Sargon Shabbas, Circulation Committee on Condition of Iraq Assyrians ………….7 The Assyrian Heritage DNA Project …….…………..8 Assyrian Participation at UN Forum ………………..14 The Assyrian Flag and its Designer ………..……….16 The Rape of history, The War on Civilization……...18 POLICY 41st Anniversary of the Assyrian Foundation of America, San Francisco, CA …………………….19 Articles submitted for publication will be selected by New Publications …………………………………...24 the editorial staff on the basis of their relative merit to Malphono Gabriel Afram …………………………..26 Assyrian literature, history, and current events. Assyrian- Dutch Politician Visits Assyrians in northern Iraq …………………………..28 Opinions expressed in NINEVEH are those of the re- Film Review, The Last Assyrians …………………..29 spective authors and not necessarily those of NINE- Genocide 1915, Hypocrisy as a cornerstone VEH or the Assyrian Foundation of America. Of the Kurdish Narrative ……………………………30 On the Path of Reconciliation, U. of Istanbul ………33 Assyrian Foundation of America established in June Subscriptions & Donations …………………………36 1964 and incorporated in the state of California as a In Memoriam………………………………………..38 non-profit, tax-exempt organization dedicated to the Assyrians in Moscow Pretest Arrest ……………….40 advancement of the education of Assyrians. -
1777 - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
1777 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1777 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 1777 (MDCCLXXVII) was a common year starting Millennium: 2nd millennium on Wednesday (dominical letter E) of the Gregorian Centuries: 17th century – 18th century – 19th century calendar and a common year starting on Sunday Decades: 1740s 1750s 1760s – 1770s – 1780s 1790s 1800s (dominical letter A) of the Julian calendar, the 1777th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) Years: 1774 1775 1776 – 1777 – 1778 1779 1780 designations, the 777th year of the 2nd millennium, the 77th year of the 18th century, and the 8th year of the 1770s decade. 1777 by topic: Note that the Julian day for 1777 is 11 calendar days difference, which continued to be used from 1582 until the complete Arts and Sciences conversion of the Gregorian calendar was entirely done in 1929. Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature (Poetry) – Music – Science Countries Canada –Denmark – France – Great Britain – January–June Ireland – Norway – Scotland –Sweden – United States January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's Lists of leaders army defeats the British under Lieutenant General Charles Colonial governors – State leaders Cornwallis in a second battle at Trenton, New Jersey. Birth and death categories January 3 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Princeton: American general George Washington's army Births – Deaths again defeats the British. Establishments and disestablishments January 12 – Mission Santa Clara de Asís is founded in what categories is now Santa Clara, California. Establishments – Disestablishments January 15 – Vermont declares its independence from New York, becoming the Vermont Republic, an independent Works category country, a status it retains until it joins the United States as Works the 14th state in 1791. -
The Day Unit Within the Old Assyrian Calendar Cécile Michel
The Day Unit within the Old Assyrian Calendar Cécile Michel To cite this version: Cécile Michel. The Day Unit within the Old Assyrian Calendar. Ş. Dönmez. Veysel Donbaz’a Sunulan Yazılar. DUB.SAR E.DUB.BA.A, Studies Presented in Honour of Veysel Donbaz, Ege Yayınları, pp.217-224, 2010. halshs-00642826 HAL Id: halshs-00642826 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00642826 Submitted on 18 Nov 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Veysel Donbaz’a Sunulan Yazılar DUB.SAR É.DUB.BA.A Studies Presented in Honour of Veysel Donbaz Yayına Hazırlayan / Edited by Şevket Dönmez ISBN: 978-605-5607-18-0 © 2010 Ege Publications, Istanbul All rights reserved. Editör Yardımcısı / Assistant Editor Gözde Dinarlı Redaksiyon / Copyediting Muhammed Cevat Çördük Zeynep Latifeci Kapak resmi / Cover image Veysel Donbaz tarafından yazılmış replika / Replica by Veysel Donbaz DUB.SAR É.DUB.BA.A “Tablet arşivinin katibi” / “Scribe of the tablet archive” Kapak fotoğrafı / Cover photo Ahmet Çakmak Baskı / Printed by Paragraf Basım Sanayi A.Ş. Yüzyıl Mah. Matbaacılar Sit. 2. Cadde No: 202/A Bağcılar, İstanbul Tel: +90 (212) 629 06 07 Faks: +90 (212) 629 03 85 Sertifika No: 18469 Yapım ve Dağıtım / Production and Distribution Zero Prodüksiyon Kitap-Yayın-Dağıtım Ltd. -
Welcome to the Source of Data on Calendars
19/04/2019 Calendopaedia - The Encyclopaedia of Calendars Welcome to THE source of data on calendars. I recommend that you start by looking at the Comparison of Calendars. Alternatively you could choose from one of these pull-down meus then click 'Go'. Choose a calendar :- Go or Choose a topic :- Go Since the dawn of civilisation man has kept track of time by use of the sun, the moon, and the stars. Man noticed that time could be broken up into units of the day (the time taken for the earth to rotate once on its axis), the month (the time taken for the moon to orbit the earth) and the year (the time taken for the earth to orbit the sun). This information was needed so as to know when to plant crops and when to hold religious ceremonies. The problems were that a month is not made up of an integral number of days, a year is not made of an integral number of months and neither is a year made up of an integral number of days. This caused man to use his ingenuity to overcome these problems and produce a calendar which enabled him to keep track of time. The ways in which these problems were tackled down the centuries and across the world is the subject of this Web site. It is recommended that you start by looking at the Comparison of Calendars. This page was produced by Michael Astbury. Thanks to all the reference sources which I have quoted (too many to list them all) and to all the friends who have contributed to these pages in so many ways. -
Assyrian Ethnic Identity in a Globalizing World
Artur Boháč. “Assyrian Ethnic Identity in a Globalizing World.” In Beyond Globalisation: Exploring the Limits of Globalisation in the Regional Context (conference proceedings), 67-72. Ostrava: University of Ostrava Czech Republic, 2010. http://conference.osu.eu/globalization/publ/08-bohac.pdf. Assyrian Ethnic Identity in a Globalizing World Artur Boháč University of Ostrava Czech Republic Abstract This article is focused on the manifestations and changes of the Assyrian ethnic identity especially in the 20th and the 21st century. The Assyrian nation is divided into three basic religious branches which are religiously and partially linguistically distinct from each other and which have different political ambitions. In some cases, the Assyrian identity is even discarded by some people considered Assyrians. Nowadays, intra-Assyrian rivalry is globalized because of the existence of numerous diasporas and thematic web pages around the world. The quarrels between Assyrian subgroups complicate advocating national interests and the disunity is often misused by their political opponents. The present paper attempts to explain the roots of intra-Assyrian rivalry, to present various arguments and activities of members of Assyrian groups and scholars and to reveal the political importance of Assyrian identity debate. Key words: Assyrians, identity, globalisation, transnationalism, conflict Introduction In spite of the wide-spread geographical imaginations of the Middle East as an Arabic and Islamic monolith, supported by Western mass media and some Middle Eastern states‘ high politicians, the Middle East is quite a heterogeneous region. This region comprises numerous ethnic, national, religious, linguistic or ethno-religious groups. The relation between majorities and minorities is the major source of various conflicts in the Middle Eastern area. -
REGINE PRUZSINSZKY MESOPOTAMIAN CHRONOLOGY of the 2Nd MILLENNIUM B.C
REGINE PRUZSINSZKY MESOPOTAMIAN CHRONOLOGY OF THE 2nd MILLENNIUM B.C. ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN DENKSCHRIFTEN DER GESAMTAKADEMIE, BAND LVI Contributions to the Chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean Edited by Manfred Bietak and Hermann Hunger Volume XXII ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN DENKSCHRIFTEN DER GESAMTAKADEMIE, BAND LVI REGINE PRUZSINSZKY MESOPOTAMIAN CHRONOLOGY OF THE 2nd MILLENNIUM B.C. An Introduction to the Textual Evidence and Related Chronological Issues Vorgelegt von w. M. MANFRED BIETAK in der Sitzung am 20. Juni 2008 Spezialforschungsbereich SCIEM 2000 „Die Synchronisierung der Hochkulturen im östlichen Mittelmeerraum im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr.“ der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften beim Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung Special Research Programme SCIEM 2000 “The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C.” of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Austrian Science Fund British Library Cataloguing in Publication data. A Catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library. Die verwendete Papiersorte ist aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff hergestellt, frei von säurebildenden Bestandteilen und alterungsbeständig. Alle Rechte vorbehalten ISBN: 978-3-7001-6504-0 Copyright © 2009 by Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien Grafik, Satz, Layout: Angela Schwab Druck: Wograndl Druck GmbH, 7210 Mattersburg http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/6504-0 http://verlag.oeaw.ac.at Printed and bound in Austria TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations . 9 Preface by the Editor . 13 Foreword . 15 1. GENERAL REMARKS ON MESOPOTAMIAN CHRONOLOGY . 17 1.1. Preface . 17 1.2. From Relative to Absolute Chronology . 18 1.3. Main sources for Mesopotamian chronology . 22 1.4. Chronological Systems . 23 1.4.1. -
Consular Years and Sabbatical Years in the Life of Herod the Great
Consular Years and Sabbatical Years in the Life of Herod the Great Andrew E. Steinmann River Forest, Illinois Rodger C. Young St. Louis, Missouri © 2020, Dallas Theological Seminary. This article was accepted for publication by Bibliotheca Sacra, https://www.dts.edu/resources/bibliotheca-sacra/, in September, 2019, and is tentatively scheduled for publication in the Sept.-Dec. 2020 issue. This pre-publication copy is being made available in keeping with Bibliotheca Sacra guidelines. Abstract Much of New Testament chronology, especially the dating of Jesus’s life, is dependent upon the dates for the reign of Herod the Great. In the late nineteenth century Schürer proposed dates for the reign of Herod: 40 (37) BC to 4 BC. These are suspect and are based on Josephus’s erroneous use of Roman consular years. Schürer also cites the sabbatical tables developed by Zuckermann, but this is not an independent source, since they are based on the same citation of consular years in Josephus. When Josephus’s error is recognized, the correct dates for Herod’s reign are demonstrated to be 39 (36) BC to 1 BC, placing the birth of Christ in late 3 BC or early 2 BC. Keywords Josephus, Herod the Great, NT chronology, birth of Christ, Schürer, Filmer, Maccabees, Sabbatical years, Jubilees After the assassination of Julius Caesar, the Roman world was embroiled in a civil war that was described extensively by the Roman historians Appian, Dio Cassius, and Livius. Plutarch’s biographies also provide historical background for the period. Writings from these Roman historians (except Livius, for whom the relevant portions have not survived) give important information regarding the civil war, and also regarding the Roman strife with the Parthians that took place during this unsettled time. -
Augustus Caesar
LANCASTER PAMPHLETS Augustus Caesar David Shotter London and New York IN THE SAME SERIES General Editors: Eric J.Evans and P.D.King Lynn Abrams Bismarck and the German Empire 1871–1918 David Arnold The Age of Discovery 1400–1600 A.L.Beier The Problem of the Poor in Tudor and Early Stuart England Martin Blinkhorn Democracy and Civil War in Spain 1931–1939 Martin Blinkhorn Mussolini and Fascist Italy Robert M.Bliss Restoration England 1660–1688 Stephen Constantine Lloyd George Stephen Constantine Social Conditions in Britain 1918– 1939 Susan Doran Elizabeth I and Religion 1558–1603 Christopher Durston James I Eric J.Evans The Great Reform Act of 1832 Eric J.Evans Political Parties in Britain 1783–1867 Eric J.Evans Sir Robert Peel Dick Geary Hitler and Nazism John Gooch The Unification of Italy Alexander Grant Henry VII M.J.Heale The American Revolution Ruth Henig The Origins of the First World War Ruth Henig The Origins of the Second World War 1933–1939 Ruth Henig Versailles and After 1919–1933 P.D.King Charlemagne Stephen J.Lee Peter the Great Stephen J.Lee The Thirty Years War J.M.Mackenzie The Partition of Africa 1880–1900 Michael Mullett Calvin Michael Mullett The Counter-Reformation Michael Mullett James II and English Politics 1678– 1688 iii Michael Mullett Luther D.G.Newcombe Henry VIII and the English Reformation Robert Pearce Attlee’s Labour Governments 1945– 51 Gordon Phillips The Rise of the Labour Party 1893– 1931 John Plowright Regency England J.H.Shennan France Before the Revolution J.H.Shennan International Relations in Europe -
The Vic.Toria Institute
JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIO:KS OF THE VIC.TORIA INSTITUTE, VOL. XVIII. JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS 011' ~'ht fittni♦ ia Jnstitutr, OR Jgilosopgirnl Soddy· of Q9rtat Jritain .. EDITED BY THE HONORARY SECRETARY, CAPT. FRANCIS W. H. PETRIE, F.R.S.L., &c. VOL.. XVIII. LONDON: (l9ublisbtll b!l tbt lfnslitutr) INDIA: W. THA.CKER & Co. UNITED STATES: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS, N.Y AUSTRA.LIA A!l'D NEW ZEALAND: G. ROBERTSON & Co., LIM. CANADA : WILLARD Co., Lm., Toronto. S. AFRICA : JUTA & Co., Oape Town. PARIS: GALIGNANI. 1885 . AL;L RIGHTS RESERVED. LOYDO:t: WYlU.!f A.ND 801'8, PRUf!'BB81 GR:B.lT QUEEN !TREltT, LINCOL1l 'S•llfN FIELDS. CONTENTS OF VOL. XVIII. PREFACE ... ix. JOURNAL OF TRANSACTIONS. Page ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, Juirn 25, 1883 l SEVENTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT l SPEECHES 9 ANNUAL ADDRESS, BY THE LATE RIGHT HoN. THE LoRD O'NEILL 14 SPEECHES 32 ORDINARY MKETING, MAY 7, 1883 36 THE TEACHING OF SCIENCE NOT OPPOSED TO THE FUNDAMENTAL TRUTHS OF REVELATION, BY THE REV. J. L. PORTER, D.D., LL.D., PRESIDENT OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE, BELFAST 36 DISCUSSION 65 ORDINARY MEETING, DECEMBER 3, 1883 71 PAPER ON "RECENT EGYPTOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN ITS BIBLICAL RELATION." BY THE REV. H. G. TOMKINS 72 COMMUNICATION ~'ROM M. NAVILLE ... 87 DiscussION 88 .\DDITIOXAL COMMUNICATIONS, &.c. 92 "RECENT ADVANCES IN BIBLICAL CRITICISlt AND IN H1s TORICAL DISCOVERY IN RELATION TO THE CHRISTIAN FAITH." BY THE REV. H. G. TOMKINS 92 THE EXCAVATIONS AT PITBOM 95 Vl CONTENTS OF VOL. xv:m. Page ORDINARY MEETING, JANUARY 7, 1884 99 p APER ON "CUNEIFORM INSCRIPTIONS AS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE Tums oF THE JEWISH CAPTIVITY," BY W. -
A History of Rome to 565 A. D. by Arthur Edward Romilly Boak
The Project Gutenberg EBook of A History of Rome to 565 A. D. by Arthur Edward Romilly Boak This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: A History of Rome to 565 A. D. Author: Arthur Edward Romilly Boak Release Date: May 31, 2010 [Ebook 32624] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A HISTORY OF ROME TO 565 A. D.*** A HISTORY OF ROME TO 565 A. D. BY ARTHUR E. R. BOAK, Ph. D., Professor of Ancient History in the University of Michigan v New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1921 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT, 1921. By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published December, 1921. vii PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA [v] PREFACE This sketch of the History of Rome to 565 A. D. is primarily intended to meet the needs of introductory college courses in Roman History. However, it is hoped that it may also prove of service as a handbook for students of Roman life and literature in general. It is with the latter in mind that I have added the bibliographical note. Naturally, within the brief limits of such a text, it was impossible to defend the point of view adopted on disputed points or to take notice of divergent opinions. Therefore, to show the great debt which I owe to the work of others, and to provide those interested in particular problems with some guide to more detailed study, I have given a list of selected references, which express, I believe, the prevailing views of modern scholarship upon the various phases of Roman History.