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REGINE PRUZSINSZKY MESOPOTAMIAN CHRONOLOGY of the 2Nd MILLENNIUM B.C

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REGINE PRUZSINSZKY MESOPOTAMIAN CHRONOLOGY of the 2Nd MILLENNIUM B.C REGINE PRUZSINSZKY MESOPOTAMIAN CHRONOLOGY OF THE 2nd MILLENNIUM B.C. ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN DENKSCHRIFTEN DER GESAMTAKADEMIE, BAND LVI Contributions to the Chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean Edited by Manfred Bietak and Hermann Hunger Volume XXII ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN DENKSCHRIFTEN DER GESAMTAKADEMIE, BAND LVI REGINE PRUZSINSZKY MESOPOTAMIAN CHRONOLOGY OF THE 2nd MILLENNIUM B.C. An Introduction to the Textual Evidence and Related Chronological Issues Vorgelegt von w. M. MANFRED BIETAK in der Sitzung am 20. Juni 2008 Spezialforschungsbereich SCIEM 2000 „Die Synchronisierung der Hochkulturen im östlichen Mittelmeerraum im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr.“ der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften beim Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung Special Research Programme SCIEM 2000 “The Synchronisation of Civilisations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C.” of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Austrian Science Fund British Library Cataloguing in Publication data. A Catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library. Die verwendete Papiersorte ist aus chlorfrei gebleichtem Zellstoff hergestellt, frei von säurebildenden Bestandteilen und alterungsbeständig. Alle Rechte vorbehalten ISBN: 978-3-7001-6504-0 Copyright © 2009 by Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften Wien Grafik, Satz, Layout: Angela Schwab Druck: Wograndl Druck GmbH, 7210 Mattersburg http://hw.oeaw.ac.at/6504-0 http://verlag.oeaw.ac.at Printed and bound in Austria TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations . 9 Preface by the Editor . 13 Foreword . 15 1. GENERAL REMARKS ON MESOPOTAMIAN CHRONOLOGY . 17 1.1. Preface . 17 1.2. From Relative to Absolute Chronology . 18 1.3. Main sources for Mesopotamian chronology . 22 1.4. Chronological Systems . 23 1.4.1. General . 23 1.4.2. Review . 24 1.4.3. Recent Developments and Preview . 29 1.5. Basic Synchronisms . 30 1.5.1. Comments on absolute dates cited in various modern tables . 31 1.5.2. Specific studies and comments on chronology . 33 1.6. Synchronisms (General) . 33 1.6.1. Synchronisms for the first half of 2nd millennium BC . 34 1.6.2. Synchronisms for the second half of 2nd millennium BC . 35 1.7. Periodization . 39 1.7.1. Old Assyrian Period . 39 1.7.2. Early Old Babylonian Period: Dynasty of Larsa, Isin I Dynasty, Babylon I Dynasty . 40 1.7.3. Late Old Babylonian Period/Fall of Babylon: Kassite Dynasty, Sealand Dynasty . 41 1.7.4. Middle Babylonian Period: Kassite Dynasty, Isin II Dynasty . 42 1.7.5. Middle Assyrian Period: including part of the Kassite and post Kassite Period . 43 INTRODUCTION TO RELEVANT ISSUES OF MESOPOTAMIAN CHRONOLOGY 2. ASSYRIAN KING LIST . 45 2.1. Gaps and Omissions . 53 2.1.1. KAV 14 (VAT 9812) . 53 2.1.2. Šalmaneser II (no. 93) . 55 2.2. Divergences . 55 2.2.1. Regnal years . 55 2.2.1.1. Išme-Dag¤n I (no. 40) . .56 2.2.1.2. Puzur-Aššur III (no. 61) . 57 2.2.1.3. Tukult²-Ninurta I (no. 78) . 58 2.2.1.4. Aššur-n¤din-apli (no. 79) . 59 2.2.1.5. Ninurta-apil-Ekur (no. 82) and Aššur-d¤n I (no. 83) . 60 2.3. Different genealogies . 62 2.4. Variations in royal names . 62 2.5. DUB-pi-šu . 62 2.6. Missing reign lengths: Aššur-rabi I (no. 65) and Aššur-n¤din-a©©® I (no.66) . 64 3. ASTRONOMICAL DATA . 69 3.1. En¥ma Anu Enlil tablets (EAE) . 69 3.1.1. Venus Tablet (VT) . 70 3.2. Month-lengths . 72 3.3. Lunar eclipses . 73 3.4. Solar eclipses . 75 6 Table of Contents 3.5. Historical Omens and the Historicity of Eclipse Data . 78 3.6. Venus Cycle . 79 4. BABYLONIAN KING LIST . 83 4.0. “Old Babylonian KL” . 84 4.1. BKL A . 84 4.2. BKL B . 85 4.3. BKL C . 85 4.4. Ur-Isin KL . 85 4.5. Larsa KL . 85 4.6. Dynastic.
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