DOCSLIB.ORG

The Transformation of Roman Society Under Augustus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Transformation of Roman Society Under Augustus THE TRANSFORMATION OF ROMAN SOCIETY UNDER AUGUSTUS Week 2 From Triumvirs to triremes 43-31 bc From Triumvirs to triremes I. IIIviri RPC II. Proscriptions III. Enemies, treaties, and intrigues IV. The workings of the triumvirate V. Actium: myth and reality The Triumvirate -Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus -Lex Titia: 27 November, 43 BC: triumviri rei publicae constituendae (triumvirs for the restoration of the Republic) -Power to make laws w/o consulting Senate or people -No right of appeal against their acts -Nominate magistrates From Triumvirs to triremes I. IIIviri RPC II. Proscriptions III. The workings of the triumvirate IV. Actium: myth and reality Proscriptions -Start November of 43 BC -Passages 1-2 -Goals of proscriptions? -How accurate an account do we get? Laudatio turiae LACTOR T37 What does this suggest about how the triumvirate worked? From Triumvirs to triremes I. IIIviri RPC II. Proscriptions III. Enemies, treaties, and intrigues IV. The workings of the triumvirate V. Actium: myth and reality Battle of philippi, 42 Bc Lucius antonius & problems in italy -Sextus Pompey’s navy -Settling veterans/taking land: LACTOR G1 -Riots -Lucius Antonius: passage 3 Siege of perusia, 41-40 bc Sling bullets with inscriptions ILLRP 1106 "Destination: Fulvia’s cunt“ ILLRP 1108 "Destination: Octavian's bum“ ILLRP 1111 "Baldy Lucius Antonius, you're done for. Victory to Gaius Caesar“ ILLRP 1112 "Hey, Fulvia and baldy Lucius: open wide behind, I’m comingin!" Siege of perusia, 41-40 bc Some other takes on Perusia -Propertius (passage 4a) -Suetonius (passage 4b) What do these suggest about the importance of the event in contemporary propaganda? Treaty of brundisium, 40 bc -Potential military conflict -Redivide the world: Antony in E, Octavian in W -Lepidus not represented at negotiations -Octavia marries Antony Treaty of brundisium, 40 bc IIIVIR R P C M ANTON C CAES IMP Triumvir for the Marc Antony and Caius Casear restitution of the [Octavian], imperators republic Misenum & Sextus Pompey -Misenum, 39 BC: temporary accord w/ Sextus -38: Triumvirate renewed for 5 yrs -New campaign against Sextus, 36 BC -Battle of Naulochus, 36 BC -Augustus’ assessment of Pompey: I restored peace to the sea from pirates. In that slave war I handed over to their masters for the infliction of punishments about 30,000 captured, who had fled their masters and taken up arms against the state. (RG 25) From Triumvirs to triremes I. IIIviri RPC II. Proscriptions III. Enemies, treaties, and intrigues IV. The workings of the triumvirate V. Actium: myth and reality Air of constitutionality -Renew positions in 38 BC -Seek senatorial ratification of acts: ‘The next year, when Lucius Marcius and Gaius Sabinus held the consulship [39 BC], the acts of the triumvirs from the time they had formed their oligarchy received ratification at the hands of the senate’ (Dio 48.34) Organization in the East Letter of Antony to Koinon of Asia (passage 6) What does this reveal about how business was done in the East? -Letter of Octavian to Aphrodisias (passage 5) Is there anything surprising about this letter? -Senatorial Decree on Aphrodisias (passage 7) What’s missing? From Triumvirs to triremes I. IIIviri RPC II. Proscriptions III. Enemies, treaties, and intrigues IV. The workings of the triumvirate V. Actium: myth and reality The lead-up -Dio’s assessment (passage 8) & Nepos (passage 9) -Octavian keeps troops by campaigning in Illyricum -Sextus Pompey causes problems for Antony Caesar's charge against Antony was that he was holding Egypt and other countries without having drawn them by lot, had killed Sextus (whom he himself had willingly spared, he said), and by deceiving, arresting, and putting in chains the Armenian king had cause much ill repute to attach to the Roman people. (Dio 50.1.4) The lead-up -Antony in the East -Relationship w/ Cleopatra; snubbing Octavia -New Dionysus -‘Triumph’ in Alexandria -Donations of Alexandria (34 BC) The lead-up -Antony’s will (passage 10) The Battle of actium Images of actium Relief at end of civil wars: -LACTOR G9 -LACTOR G5 Actium -LACTOR G38 -LACTOR G24 -Epigram (passage 11) CAESAR DIVI F(ILIUS) CO(N)S(UL) VI AEGYPTO CAPTA Caesar, son of a god, consul for the On Egypt being captured sixth time Nicopolis Compare Suetonius & Dio (passage 12) to Strabo (LACTOR H9-H11) Why was Nikopolis founded? Actium: myth or reality? How important was Actium in determining the shape of the Roman world?.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Curriculum Vitae for WM Murray
    William M. Murray Page 1 Curriculum Vitae WILLIAM M. MURRAY Mary and Gus Stathis Endowed Assoc. Prof. of Greek History Executive Director, Interdisciplinary Center for Hellenic Studies University of South Florida 4202 E Fowler Ave., SOC 107, Tampa, FL 33620-8100 [email protected] __________ EDUCATION 1970-74: B.A. (with highest distinction, ΦBK) in History, The Pennsylvania State University. 1973: Summer Session II, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Greece. 1978-80: Regular Member and Vanderpool Fellow, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Greece. 1974-82: Ph.D. in Ancient History, University of Pennsylvania (Doctoral Dissertation: The Coastal Sites of Western Akarnania: A Topographical-Historical Survey; Readers: A.J. Graham, N.G.L. Hammond, J.D. Muhly). __________ TEACHING/RESEARCH APPOINTMENTS Lecturer, University of Pennsylvania: 1977, 1981-82. Assistant Professor, University of South Florida: 1982-86. Gertrude Smith Professor (Director of Summer Session), American School of Classical Studies at Athens: 1986. Associate Professor, University of South Florida: 1987-present. Whitehead Visiting Professor, American School of Classical Studies at Athens: 1995-96. Maurice Hatter Distinguished Visiting Professor, University of Haifa: 1997 (summer). Mary and Gus Stathis Endowed Associate Professor of Greek History: 2000 to present. __________ AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION Greek History and Archaeology, the History and Archaeology of Northwestern Greece, Ancient Greek and Roman Naval History, Ancient Seafaring, Nautical Archaeology. __________ PUBLICATIONS: Monographs and Major Research Tools 1. Octavian's Campsite Memorial for the Actian War, Vol. 79, part 4 of Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (Philadelphia, 1989). 2. "Epirus-Acarnania," in R.J.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Augustus Go to and Log in Using Your School’S Log in Details
    Timelines – Augustus Go to www.worldbookonline.com and log in using your school’s log in details: Log-in ID: Password: Click on Advanced Type in Augustus in Search box Click the article titled Augustus Read the article and answer the questions below. 1. What date was Octavian (Augustus) born? ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. In which year did Octavian take the name Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus? ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. Octavian defeated Mark Antony, who had taken control of Rome following Caesar’s death, in which year? ___________________________________________________________________________ 4. Octavian and Mark Antony formed a political alliance, known as the Second Triumvirate, with Markus Aemilius Lepidus (chief priest of Rome). In which year were Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus, Caesar’s chief assassins, defeated at Philippi in Macedonia? ___________________________________________________________________________ 5. What year was another threat, Sextus Pompey (son of Pompey the Great), defeated by Antony and Octavian? ___________________________________________________________________________ 6. In what year did the Triumvirate disintegrate? ___________________________________________________________________________ 7. In what year did Mark Antony and Cleopatra (Queen of Egypt) become lovers? ___________________________________________________________________________ 8. In what year did Octavian go to war against
    [Show full text]
  • Cicero's Life
    Cicero Philippic II Cicero’s Life Lives of Cicero of all lengths and depths abound; what follows is intended to highlight the main landmarks in Cicero’s career. A separate table chronicles the events of 44 BC in more detail. Date (BC) Cicero and his circle Rome 107 Marius elected consul for the first time 106 Birth of Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gnaeus Pompeius (Pompey), later called ‘Magnus’; both equestrians. 104 – 100 Marius consul for five successive years. 104/2 Birth of Cicero’s brother, Quintus. 90s Cicero is educated at Rome in house of L. Licinius Crassus and later continues his studies with the augur Q. Mucius Scaevola. 91 – 88 Cicero and Pompey both serve under The Social War, in which Rome’s Sulla, Pompey as a successful Italian allies fight against Rome’s general. predominance and win citizenship. 88 – 84 Occupation of Rome first by Sulla (88) and then by Marius and Cinna (87 – 6). Marius dies in 86, Cinna continues to control affairs until his death in 84. ?86 Cicero writes a rhetorical treatise, de Inventione. 82 Sulla marches on Rome and is made dictator. Proscriptions follow (in 81). He retires from office in 79 and dies in 78. Date (BC) Cicero and his circle Rome 81 Cicero’s first civil case, pro Quinctio Sulla’s reforms curtailing powers of (which he probably loses). tribunate, increasing size of senate and constituting seven senatorial courts. 80 Cicero’s first criminal case, pro Roscio Amerino (which he wins). 79 – 77 Cicero marries Terentia and travels abroad, including to Athens for six months to study rhetoric under Apollonius Molo.
    [Show full text]
  • INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119
    INGO GILDENHARD Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary CICERO, PHILIPPIC 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119 Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and commentary Ingo Gildenhard https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2018 Ingo Gildenhard The text of this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the text; to adapt the text and to make commercial use of the text providing attribution is made to the author(s), but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work. Attribution should include the following information: Ingo Gildenhard, Cicero, Philippic 2, 44–50, 78–92, 100–119. Latin Text, Study Aids with Vocabulary, and Commentary. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2018. https://doi. org/10.11647/OBP.0156 Every effort has been made to identify and contact copyright holders and any omission or error will be corrected if notification is made to the publisher. In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https:// www.openbookpublishers.com/product/845#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://www.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cultural Creation of Fulvia Flacca Bambula
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2017 The cultural creation of Fulvia Flacca Bambula. Erin Leigh Wotring University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the European History Commons, History of Gender Commons, Intellectual History Commons, Political History Commons, Social History Commons, and the Women's History Commons Recommended Citation Wotring, Erin Leigh, "The cultural creation of Fulvia Flacca Bambula." (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2691. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2691 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CULTURAL CREATION OF FULVIA FLACCA BAMBULA By Erin Leigh Wotring A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in History Department of History University of Louisville Louisville, KY May, 2017 Copyright 2017 by Erin Leigh Wotring All rights reserved THE CULTURAL CREATION OF FULVIA FLACCA BAMBULA By Erin Leigh Wotring A Thesis Approved on April 14, 2017 by the following Thesis Committee: Dr. Jennifer Westerfeld, Director Dr. Blake Beattie Dr. Carmen Hardin ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • First Triumvirate and Rise of Octavian BY: Jake, Eliza and Maheen First Triumvirate
    First Triumvirate and Rise of Octavian BY: Jake, Eliza and Maheen First Triumvirate • An alliance of the three most powerful men in Rome, Marcus Licinus Crassus, Gaius Julius Caesar, and Gneaus Pompey Magnus. Rome was in chaos and the 3 seized control of the Republic. • The three would dominate Roman politics for personal gains throughout the territories of the Republic. Julius Caesar • In Rome, Julius Caesar was elected as the tribune of the Plebs, military tribune, and governor of many provinces throughout the Republic. • Believed Crassus helped Julius Caesar win the election to become the Propraetor or governor of Hispania in 63 B.C.E. • Julius returned to Rome after his term as governor. Caesar had a business or political agreement with Pompey and Crassus in 60 B.C.E. Caesar was the consul while Pompey and Crassus were in the senate. • Created the First Triumvirate • After his term, Julius was in deeply in debt politically and financially to Crassus and desperately needed to raise money. Marcus Crassus • Crassus was the richest man in all the Roman Republic. He was sharp and clever in Roman politics. He would be a senator and even become consul a few times. • He was a mentor to Julius Caesar in his early career. • Gained much fame during the Spartacus rebellion but much of it was stolen by Pompey. • He was a longtime rival to Pompey Magnus and this would be his eventually downfall. He would ally with Caesar and Pompey, but strived for military victory over Pompey. He went to Parthia where he was defeated at Carrhae.
    [Show full text]
  • Cleopatra: Egypt’S Last Pharaoh
    1. WEBSITE DEFINITION: Name: Leah Morrison Website: Cleopatra: Egypt’s last Pharaoh Purpose: A biography of Cleopatra’s life and discuss her role as the last pharaoh of Egypt and her legacy. Intended audience: 1. Teachers and students studying ancient Egypt 2. Student researching ancient civilizations 3. Students researching famous female rulers 4. Students and young adults who are interested in Egyptian history and Cleopatra 5. Students and young adults who are interested in curses and dramatic history 6. Students researching ancient Rome and Ceasar Objectives: 1. To discuss Cleopatra’s life and reign 2. To increase the amount of interest in Cleopatra’s life and reign 3. To increase viewer traffic on the National Geographic and History websites’ Cleopatra pages 4. To increase a younger audience base interested in Egyptian history 5. To increase social media shares/reblogs on Egyptian history or Cleopatra 2. CONTENT OUTLINE: Home page: Title: Home Header: Cleopatra: Egypt’s Last Pharaoh 5 Primary links: Home, Family, Reign, Marriage, Death, and Legacy, Contact Us 6 Secondary links: Ascension to the Throne, Caesar, Mark Antony, Curses, Photo Gallery Copy/text: (2 – 3 short paragraphs of 3-5 sentences each explaining purpose of site): Excerpts from the featured pages and slider titles 3-6 Primary slider visuals: (Include a thumbnail and title for each image) The Drama of Cleopatra’s Love Affairs, Cleopatra’s Curse, The Queen’s Claim of Divinity 3-6 Secondary thumbnail visuals: (Include a thumbnail and title for each image) Primary pages Primary pages #1 Title: Family Subtitle: Cleopatra’s Family and Power Struggle Subtitles for each subtopic on the page: Cleopatra’s Lineage and Upbringing, Sibling Rivalry Links in addition to the sites primary and secondary links: Copy/text for each topic covered on the page (1- 3 short paragraphs max for each subtopic) Though much research has been done about Cleopatra’s life, she is still a mystery to us.
    [Show full text]
  • The Late Republic in 5 Timelines (Teacher Guide and Notes)
    1 180 BC: lex Villia Annalis – a law regulating the minimum ages at which a individual could how political office at each stage of the cursus honorum (career path). This was a step to regularising a political career and enforcing limits. 146 BC: The fall of Carthage in North Africa and Corinth in Greece effectively brought an end to Rome’s large overseas campaigns for control of the Mediterranean. This is the point that the historian Sallust sees as the beginning of the decline of the Republic, as Rome had no rivals to compete with and so turn inwards, corrupted by greed. 139 BC: lex Gabinia tabelleria– the first of several laws introduced by tribunes to ensure secret ballots for for voting within the assembliess (this one applied to elections of magistrates). 133 BC – the tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus, who along with his younger brother, is seen as either a social reformer or a demagogue. He introduced an agrarian land that aimed to distribute Roman public land to the poorer elements within Roman society (although this act quite likely increased tensions between the Italian allies and Rome, because it was land on which the Italians lived that was be redistributed). He was killed in 132 BC by a band of senators led by the pontifex maximus (chief priest), because they saw have as a political threat, who was allegedly aiming at kingship. 2 123-121 BC – the younger brother of Tiberius Gracchus, Gaius Gracchus was tribune in 123 and 122 BC, passing a number of laws, which apparent to have aimed to address a number of socio-economic issues and inequalities.
    [Show full text]
  • The Silk Road in World History
    The Silk Road in World History The New Oxford World History The Silk Road in World History Xinru Liu 1 2010 3 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc. Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Liu, Xinru. The Silk Road in world history / Xinru Liu. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-19-516174-8; ISBN 978-0-19-533810-2 (pbk.) 1. Silk Road—History. 2. Silk Road—Civilization. 3. Eurasia—Commerce—History. 4. Trade routes—Eurasia—History. 5. Cultural relations. I. Title. DS33.1.L58 2010 950.1—dc22 2009051139 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Frontispiece: In the golden days of the Silk Road, members of the elite in China were buried with ceramic camels for carrying goods across the desert, hoping to enjoy luxuries from afar even in the other world.
    [Show full text]
  • Coinage of Triumvirs, Antony, Lepidus and Octavian : Illustrative of the History Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    COINAGE OF TRIUMVIRS, ANTONY, LEPIDUS AND OCTAVIAN : ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE HISTORY PDF, EPUB, EBOOK H A Grueber | 50 pages | 10 Oct 2016 | Createspace Independent Publishing Platform | 9781539449652 | English | none Coinage of Triumvirs, Antony, Lepidus and Octavian : Illustrative of the History PDF Book AR Denarius 17mm, 3. By continuing to use the portal, you agree to receive cookies. Lepidus was feeling slighted by Octavian and Antony and stationed his troops in Sicily, insisting his triumvir territories be reinstated to what they were when the Lex Titia was signed. Sydenham a. Heidenheim an der Brenz and Hellenstein Castle. Octavian soon entered into a fight with Sextus Pompey. Near Very Fine; banker's mark to obv. Lustrous, light hairlines. A wonderful example of the type. Less than a year later, on the Ides of March, 44 B. The Gallic tribes were governed either by kings in the southwest and in the north or by an aristocracy with appointed chief magistrates in the central region. The moneyer of the same name who struck this coin was the grandson of both men. AR denarius 19mm, 3. If Lepidus had had been a more effective communicator, history might have turned out vastly different! Ahenobarbus achieved considerable naval success against the Second Triumvirate in the Ionian theater, where this denarius was certainly minted, but finally, through the mediation of Gaius Asinius Pollio, he reconciled with Mark Antony, who thereupon made him governor of Bithynia. He made dynastic changes in the dependent kingdoms by taking huge taxes. This agreement is known in history as the Second Triumvirate see also First Triumvirate.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Augustus 63 B.C. - 14 A.D
    Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Augustus 63 B.C. - 14 A.D. Rise to Power 44 B.C. Although great-nephew to Julius Caesar, Octavius was named Caesar’s adopted son in his will; at the age of eighteen, he became Caesar’s heir, inherit- ing, besides his material estate, the all- important loyalty of Caesar’s troops. By law required to assume the name Octavianus to reflect his biological origins, he raised a large army in Italy, and swayed two legions of his rival Marcus Antonius to join his army. 43 B.C. Following the deaths of the ruling consuls, Hirtius and Pansa, in fighting between Antony and the senate’s forces, Octavian was left in sole command of the consular armies. When the senate attempted to grant their command to Decimus Brutus, one of Caesar's assassins, Octavian refused to hand over the armies, and marched into Rome at the head of eight legions. He had demanded the consulship; when the senate refused, he ran for the office, and was elected. Marc Antony formed an alliance with Marcus Lepidus. Recognizing the undeniable strength of Octavian’s support, the two men entered into an arrangement with him, sanctioned by Roman law, for a maximum period of five years. This limited alliance, designed to establish a balance in the powers among the three rivals while also increasing their powers, was called the Second Triumvirate. Octavian, Antony and Lepidus initiated a period of proscriptions, or forcible takeovers of the estates and assets of wealthy Romans. While the primary reason for the campaign was probably to gain funds to pay their troops, the proscriptions also served to eliminate a number of their chief rivals, critics, and any- one who might pose a threat to their power.
    [Show full text]
  • INTRODUCTION Prodigies Were a Standard Feature of Roman
    INTRODUCTION Apud Actium descendenti in aciem asellus cum asinario occurrit: homini Eutychus, bestiae Nicon erat nomen; utrisque simulacrum aeneum victor posuit in templo, in quod castrorum suorum locum vertit. At Actium as he was going down to begin the battle, he met an ass with his driver, the man having the name Eutychos [Lucky] and the beast that of Nikon [Victor]; and aft er the victory he set up bronze images of the two in the sacred enclosure into which he converted the site of his camp (Suet. Aug. 96.2).1 Prodigies were a standard feature of Roman historiography and the triumviral period was no exception. Th e setting of this story is the hill of Michalitsi just before the battle of Actium on 2nd September 31 BC, north of the future Nicopolis, where the statue of the donkey and the driver was erected on Octavian’s Victory Monument (Plut. Ant. 65.3). Together with rams from captured enemy ships the statue showed that Octavian was helped by the gods in his victory at Actium.2 Th e luck might refer to Apollo, who also had a statue on the monument, as he was the god that helped Octavian to victory. Octavian clearly thought it was important to spread the story of divine intervention at Actium. Th e legend of Actium was born. Historical analysis and the ideology of the regime of Octavian/ Augustus, not narrative, is the subject of this book. A re-evaluation of Augustus’ rise to power in 43–27 BC, fi rst as triumvir, and then as sole ruler, will be central to the analysis, focusing particularly on the part played by ideological claims.
    [Show full text]