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I TREATING OUTLAWS and REGISTERING MISCREANTS IN
TREATING OUTLAWS AND REGISTERING MISCREANTS IN EARLY MODERN OTTOMAN SOCIETY: A STUDY ON THE LEGAL DIAGNOSIS OF DEVIANCE IN ŞEYHÜLİSLAM FATWAS by EMİNE EKİN TUŞALP Submitted to the Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sabancı University Spring 2005 i TREATING OUTLAWS AND REGISTERING MISCREANTS IN EARLY MODERN OTTOMAN SOCIETY: A STUDY ON THE LEGAL DIAGNOSIS OF DEVIANCE IN ŞEYHÜLİSLAM FATWAS APPROVED BY: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tülay Artan (Thesis Supervisor) ………………………… Ass. Prof. Dr. Akşin Somel ………………………… Ass. Prof. Dr. Dicle Koğacıoğlu ………………………… Prof. Dr. Ahmet Alkan (Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences) ………………………… Prof. Dr. Nakiye Boyacıgiller (Director of the Institute of Social Sciences) ………………………… DATE OF APPROVAL: 17/06/2005 ii © EMİNE EKİN TUŞALP ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii ABSTRACT TREATING OUTLAWS AND REGISTERING MISCREANTS IN EARLY MODERN OTTOMAN SOCIETY: A STUDY ON THE LEGAL DIAGNOSIS OF DEVIANCE IN ŞEYHÜLİSLAM FATWAS Emine Ekin Tuşalp M.A., History Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tülay Artan June 2005, ix + 115 pages This work investigates the forms of deviance rampant in early modern Ottoman society and their legal treatment, according to the fatwas issued by the Ottoman şeyhülislams in the 17th and 18th centuries. One of the aims of this thesis is to present different behavioural forms found in the şeyhülislam fatwas that ranged from simple social malevolencies to acts which were regarded as heresy. In the end of our analysis, the significance of the fatwa literature for Ottoman social history will once more be emphasized. On the other hand, it will be argued that as a legal forum, the fetvahane was not merely a consultative and ancillary office, but a centre that fabricated the legal and moral devices/discourses employed to direct and stem the social tendencies in the Ottoman society. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the-deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. ProQuest Information and Leaming 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI* ESCHATOLOGY AS POLITICS, ESCHATOLOGY AS THEORY: MODERN SUNNI ARAB MAHDISM IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Timothy R. Furnish, M.A.R. The Ohio State University 2001 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Jane Hathaway, Adviser Professor Sam Meier viser Professor Joseph Zeidan " Department of Histdry UMI Number: 3011060 UMI UMI Microform 3011060 Copyright 2001 by Bell & Howell Information and Leaming Company. -
Non-Belief: an Islamic Perspective
Sevinç, K, et al. 2018. Non-Belief: An Islamic Perspective. Secularism and Nonreligion, 7: 5, pp. 1–12, DOI: https://doi. org/10.5334/snr.111 RESEARCH ARTICLE Non-Belief: An Islamic Perspective Kenan Sevinç*, Thomas J. Coleman III† and Ralph W. Hood Jr.‡ Psychology of religion research is typically conducted with Protestant populations living in the West. Only recently has non-belief in God become a central topic in the field. And while it remains an open question whether or not the research assumptions and theoretical frameworks designed for Western populations of Protestants can be applied to non-believers, exploring non-belief in the Islamic context may pose additional problems. For example, do Western concepts and terms such as “church attendance” or “atheist” have equivalent meaning in the Muslim world? Are there any structural differences within Islam and Christianity that may contribute to the uneven number of self-reported non-believers within these cultures? In this article, we argue that a cultural psychological approach can provide a useful perspective for researching non-belief in the Muslim cultural context. 1. Introduction requesting divorce based on the purported atheism of By the year 2042, the growth of the non-religious—those one’s spouse), it was suggested that there may be many with no religious affiliation—is projected to reach up to more atheists in the Muslim world than often assumed. 47% of the population in the United States of America This is plausible—after all, beliefs cannot be ‘seen’ in the (Stinespring & Cragun, 2015). In other Western countries, way behaviour can be—but there are no reliable numbers the number of non-believers in gods (i.e., atheists)—a sub- and the respective people do not admit their lack of belief. -
Prophethood) Is a Fundamental Belief of Islam
1 Introduction Alhamdulillaah, all praise belongs to Allaah and we send Durud and Salaam upon ,عليه/هم السﻻم his most beloved and Final Nabi, the seal of the all the after Ambiyaa him being ,عليه/هم السﻻم Him being the seal of all the Ambiyaa .ﷺ Nabi Muhammad the Final Nabi, has been made mention of in the Noble Quraan and in the This is called Khatm-un-Nubuwwah. The principle of .ﷺ Ahaadith of Rasulullaah Khatm-un-Nubuwwah (Finality of Prophethood) is a fundamental belief of Islam. For the past 1400 years, the entire Ummah is upon the belief of Khatm-un- is ﷺ Nubuwwah (Finality of Prophethood) by announcing that Nabi Muhammad the final Messenger and there is no Nabi to come after him. ﷺ There are countless verses in the Noble Quraan and sayings of Rasulullaah which give clear cut testimony of the belief of Khatm-un-Nubuwwah (Finality of Prophethood). In other words, it is proven from the Quraan, Ahadeeth and Ijmaa’ .is the last and final Nabi ﷺ consensus of all the Muslimeen) that Rasulullaah) And if you turn through the historical pages of Islam, you will find that there were .ﷺ people who had claimed to be Prophets after the demise of Rasulullaah However, when these people raised their ugly heads with such claims, this Ummah crushed their lies and false propaganda with all its might. 1. Musaylamah Kathaab (l.a.) One such false claimant was Musailama Kathaab (l.a.). He started off early in his life learning tricks of deception, illusions and even getting actual assistance of the Shayateen. -
Reading Darwin in Arabic, 1860-1950 / Marwa Elshakry
Reading Darwin in Arabic, 1860–1950 Reading Darwin in Arabic, 1860–1950 MARWA ELSHAKRY The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London Publication of this book has been aided by a grant from the Bevington Fund. Marwa Elshakry is associate professor in the Department of History at Columbia University, where she specializes in the history of science, technology, and medicine in the modem Middle East. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London © 2013 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 2013. Printed in the United States of America 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN-13: 978-0-226-00130-2 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-00144-9 (e-book) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Elshakry, Marwa, 1973– Reading Darwin in Arabic, 1860-1950 / Marwa ElShakry. pages. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-226-00130-2 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-226-00144-9 (e-book) 1. Evolution—Religious aspects—Islam. 2. Darwin, Charles, 1809–1882. 3. Islam and science. I. Title. BP190.5.E86E47 2013 297.2′65—dc23 2013009170 This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). CONTENTS Acknowledgments / vii INTRODUCTION / 1 ONE / The Gospel of Science / 25 TWO / Evolution and the Eastern Question / 73 THREE / Materialism and Its Critics / 99 FOUR / Theologies of Nature / 131 FIVE / Darwin and the Mufti / 161 SIX / Evolutionary Socialism / 219 SEVEN / Darwin in Translation / 261 Afterword / 307 Notes / 319 Bibliography / 391 Index / 419 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Much of the time that went into this book was spent reading texts through layers of translation: Darwin in Arabic, or Haeckel, originally in German but rendered into Arabic from a French translation. -
Atheistic Movement in Bangladesh: Its Causes and Methods of Eradication, a Study from Islamic Perspective
ATHEISTIC MOVEMENT IN BANGLADESH: ITS CAUSES AND METHODS OF ERADICATION, A STUDY FROM ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE Mohammad Abul Kalam Asst. Prof. & Head, Dept. of Da'wah & Islamic Studies International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh. Abstract Atheism, as the concept goes, has a long history in the perspective of Bangladesh. Through historic struggle for independence for nine months Bangladesh become independent on 16 December1971.Though the spread of atheism was not so frequent during the Pakistani regime; it started gaining ground with the independence of Bangladesh under the shadow of secularism. Eventually different organizations under the connivance of the party in power ventured to spread the concept of atheism in the name of freedom of expression. It is a matter of frustration that atheism in the name of freedom of expression has gained momentum during the current regime. This demoralizes the very concept of freedom of expression thereby stigmatizing the purity and sanctity of Islam in the world in general and in Bangladesh in particular. However there exists scanty of research on the issue of reasons behind the growth and spread of atheism in Bangladesh. It is the objective of this paper to strike at the fundamental reasons for the spread of the concept of atheism in Bangladesh, its impact on the society at large from socio-religious and religious- economic point of view. It also examines the role of the government in power in the spread of atheism in Bangladesh. Finally this research attempts to render some suggestions to combat the spread of atheism in Bangladesh. Keywords: Atheism, Spread, Cause, Organization, combat. -
I TREATING OUTLAWS and REGISTERING
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Sabanci University Research Database TREATING OUTLAWS AND REGISTERING MISCREANTS IN EARLY MODERN OTTOMAN SOCIETY: A STUDY ON THE LEGAL DIAGNOSIS OF DEVIANCE IN ŞEYHÜLİSLAM FATWAS by EMİNE EKİN TUŞALP Submitted to the Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sabancı University Spring 2005 i TREATING OUTLAWS AND REGISTERING MISCREANTS IN EARLY MODERN OTTOMAN SOCIETY: A STUDY ON THE LEGAL DIAGNOSIS OF DEVIANCE IN ŞEYHÜLİSLAM FATWAS APPROVED BY: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tülay Artan (Thesis Supervisor) ………………………… Ass. Prof. Dr. Akşin Somel ………………………… Ass. Prof. Dr. Dicle Koğacıoğlu ………………………… Prof. Dr. Ahmet Alkan (Dean of the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences) ………………………… Prof. Dr. Nakiye Boyacıgiller (Director of the Institute of Social Sciences) ………………………… DATE OF APPROVAL: 17/06/2005 ii © EMİNE EKİN TUŞALP ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii ABSTRACT TREATING OUTLAWS AND REGISTERING MISCREANTS IN EARLY MODERN OTTOMAN SOCIETY: A STUDY ON THE LEGAL DIAGNOSIS OF DEVIANCE IN ŞEYHÜLİSLAM FATWAS Emine Ekin Tuşalp M.A., History Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tülay Artan June 2005, ix + 115 pages This work investigates the forms of deviance rampant in early modern Ottoman society and their legal treatment, according to the fatwas issued by the Ottoman şeyhülislams in the 17th and 18th centuries. One of the aims of this thesis is to present different behavioural forms found in the şeyhülislam fatwas that ranged from simple social malevolencies to acts which were regarded as heresy. In the end of our analysis, the significance of the fatwa literature for Ottoman social history will once more be emphasized. -
16437189.Pdf
! ii ABSTRACT! The Making of a Sufi Order Between Heresy and Legitimacy: Bayrami-Mal!mis in the Ottoman Empire by F. Betul Yavuz Revolutionary currents with transformative ideals were part of Sufi religious identity during the late medieval Islamic period. This dissertation tries to elucidate this phenomenon by focusing on the historical evolution of the Bayrami-Mal!mi Sufi order within the Ottoman Empire. The scope of the study extends from the beginnings of the order during the ninth/fifteenth century until its partial demise by the end of the eleventh/seventeenth century. The Bayrami-Mal!miyya was marked by a reaction towards the established Sufi rituals of the time: adherents refused to wear Sufi clothes, take part in gatherings of remembrance of God, or rely upon imperial endowments for their livelihood. I suggest they carried some of the distinguishing signs of religiosity of the anarchic period between the Mongol attacks and the rise of the powerful Islamic Empires. Many local forms of Sufism had emerged, tied to charismatic, independent communities quite prevalent and powerful in their own domains. They often held particular visions regarding the saint, whose persona came to be defined in terms exceeding that of a spiritual master, often as a community elder or universal savior. Inspired by this period, Bayrami-Mal!mis reconstructed their teachings and affiliations as the social and political conditions shifted in Anatolia. While several p!rs were executed for heresy and messianic claims in the sixteenth century, the Order was able to put together a more prudent vision based on the writings of Ibn !Arabi (d. -
Ismailis in Medieval Muslim So
Ismailis in Medieval Muslim Societies The Institute of Ismaili Studies The Institute of Ismaili Studies Ismaili Heritage Series, 2 General Editor: Farhad Daftary Previously published titles: . Paul E. Walker, Abū Yaʽqūb al-Sijistānī: Intellectual Missionary (996) 2. Heinz TheHalm, The Fatimids and their Traditions of Learning (997) Institute 3. Paul E. Walker, Ḥamīd al-Dīn al-Kirmānī: Ismaili Thought in the Age of al-Ḥākim (999) 4. Alice C. Hunsberger, Nasir Khusraw, The Ruby of Badakhshan: A Portrait of the Persian Poet,of Traveller and Philosopher (2000) 5. Farouk Mitha, Al-Ghazālī andIsmaili the Ismailis: A Debate on Reason and Authority in Medieval Islam (200) 6. Ali S. Asani, Ecstasy and Enlightenment: The Ismaili Devotional Literature of South Asia (2002) 7. Paul E. Walker, Exploring an Islamic Empire:Studies Fatimid History and its Sources (2002) 8. Nadia Eboo Jamal, Surviving the Mongols: Nizārī Quhistānī and the Continuity of Ismaili Tradition in Persia (2002) 9. Verena Klemm, Memoirs of a Mission: The Ismaili Scholar, States- man and Poet al-Muʾayyad fi’l-Dīn al-Shīrāzī (2003) 0. Peter Willey, Eagle’s Nest: Ismaili Castles in Iran and Syria (2005) . Sumaiya A. Hamdani, Between Revolution and State: The Path to Fatimid Statehood (Forthcoming) Ismailis in Medieval Muslim Societies The Institute Farhad Daftary of Ismaili Studies I.B.Tauris Publishers london • new york in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies london Published in 2005 by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd 6 Salem Rd, London w2 4bu 75 Fifth Avenue, New York ny 000 www.ibtauris.comThe in association with TheInstitute Institute of Ismaili Studies 42–44 Grosvenor Gardens, London sww 0eb www.iis.ac.uk In the United States of America andof in Canada distributed by St Martin’s Press, 75 Fifth Avenue, NewIsmaili York ny 000 Copyright © Islamic Publications Ltd, 2005 All rights reserved. -
From Militant Secularism to Islamism: the Iraqi Ba’Th Regime 1968-2003 by Amatzia Baram, October 2011
HISTORY AND PUBLIC POLICY PROGRAM OCCASIONAL PAPER From Militant Secularism to Islamism: The Iraqi Ba’th Regime 1968-2003 By Amatzia Baram, October 2011 From Militant Secularism to Islamism: 1 The Iraqi Ba’th Regime 1968-2003 On a hot summer day in 1986 Saddam Hussein convened in Baghdad an emergency closed-door meeting of the Pan-Arab Leadership (al-qiyadah al-qawmiyyah, PAL), the Ba’th regime’s highest ideological institution. In the meeting he presented to the party’s luminaries a momentous U-turn in Iraq’s foreign policy. This U-turn had potentially profound ramifications for the regime’s domestic policy, party ideology and identity. Saddam, by then President of Iraq and Deputy Secretary General of the Pan-Arab Leadership (Secretary General Michel ‘Aflaq was absent, possibly intentionally not invited), suggested a truce and even some tacit alliance with the Sudanese and Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood (MB). 2 This policy shift meant that, for the first time in its history, the militantly secular Ba’th party would cease to attack and would even tolerate the Islamists. Until then, the Islamists – Sunnis as well as Shi’is - were the Ba’this’ staunchest enemies.3 Indeed, in 1986 Iraq was conducting an existential war against an Islamist regime: Khomeini’s Iran. The 1986 PAL meeting and decision were secret, and remained this way for a while, but Saddam’s policy shifts eventually became public. Cooperation with the Syrian MB dates back to at least since 1982, but it required no meaningful modification of either party policy or ideology. Following the Hamah massacre of September of that year the Syrian MB were weak and totally dependent on Iraqi support against the Ba’th regime of Hafiz al-Asad in Damascus. -
Know Thy Enemy Profiles of Adversary Leaders and Their Strategic Cultures
Know Thy Enemy Profiles of Adversary Leaders and Their Strategic Cultures Edited by Barry R. Schneider and Jerrold M. Post, eds. US Air Force Counterproliferation Center Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama KNOW THY ENEMY Profiles of Adversary Leaders and Their Strategic Cultures Edited by Barry R. Schneider and Jerrold M. Post USAF Counterproliferation Center 325 Chennault Circle Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 36112-6427 July 2003 (Second Edition) Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Government, Department of Defense, or the USAF Counterproliferation Center. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (207) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20401-0001 ISBN 0-9747403-0-6 ii Contents Chapter Page Disclaimer .............................................................................................. ii Acknowledgments...................................................................................v 1 Deterring International Rivals From War and Escalation .......................1 Barry R. Schneider 2 Killing In The Name of God: Osama Bin Laden and Al Qaeda...........17 Jerrold M. Post 3 The Muslim Brotherhood and Islamic Radicalism................................41 Gary M. Servold 4 Struggle for the Control of Pakistan: Musharraf Takes On the Islamist Radicals ...........................................85 -
Contested Identities and the Muslim Qaum in Northern India: C
)103/ ip 1, Contested Identities and the Muslim Qaum in northern India: c. 1860-1900 S Akbar Zaidi Churchill College University of Cambridge CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract Contested Identities and the Muslim Qaum in northern India: c. 1860-1900 S Akbar Zaidi Using primarily published sources in Urdu from the second-half of the nineteenth century, my thesis presents evidence with regard to north Indian Muslims, which questions the idea of a homogenous, centralising, entity. at times called the Muslim community. qaum, ummah or nation. Using a large number of second-tier publicists' writings in Urdu, the thesis argues that the self-perceptions and representations of many Muslims. were far more local. parochial, disparate, multiple, and highly contested. The idea of a homogenous, levelling, sense of collective identity. or an imagined community, seem wanting in this period. This line of evidence and argumentation, also has important implications for locating the moment of separatism and identity formation amongst north Indian Muslims, and argues that this happened much later than has previously been imagined. Based on this, the thesis also argues against an anachronistic or teleological strain of historiography with regard to north Indian Muslims of this period. The main medium through which these arguments are debated, is through the Urdu print world, where a large number of new sources have been presented which underscore this difference, more than this uniformity. Whether it was in religious debates, debates around the attempt to unify - as part of a qaum - or around the for be humiliation literature reasons Muslims to at a point of zillat - utter - the points to multiple and diverse interpretations, causes and solutions.