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Stony Brook University
SSStttooonnnyyy BBBrrrooooookkk UUUnnniiivvveeerrrsssiiitttyyy The official electronic file of this thesis or dissertation is maintained by the University Libraries on behalf of The Graduate School at Stony Brook University. ©©© AAAllllll RRRiiiggghhhtttsss RRReeessseeerrrvvveeeddd bbbyyy AAAuuuttthhhooorrr... Invasions, Insurgency and Interventions: Sweden’s Wars in Poland, Prussia and Denmark 1654 - 1658. A Dissertation Presented by Christopher Adam Gennari to The Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University May 2010 Copyright by Christopher Adam Gennari 2010 Stony Brook University The Graduate School Christopher Adam Gennari We, the dissertation committee for the above candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, hereby recommend acceptance of this dissertation. Ian Roxborough – Dissertation Advisor, Professor, Department of Sociology. Michael Barnhart - Chairperson of Defense, Distinguished Teaching Professor, Department of History. Gary Marker, Professor, Department of History. Alix Cooper, Associate Professor, Department of History. Daniel Levy, Department of Sociology, SUNY Stony Brook. This dissertation is accepted by the Graduate School """"""""" """"""""""Lawrence Martin "" """""""Dean of the Graduate School ii Abstract of the Dissertation Invasions, Insurgency and Intervention: Sweden’s Wars in Poland, Prussia and Denmark. by Christopher Adam Gennari Doctor of Philosophy in History Stony Brook University 2010 "In 1655 Sweden was the premier military power in northern Europe. When Sweden invaded Poland, in June 1655, it went to war with an army which reflected not only the state’s military and cultural strengths but also its fiscal weaknesses. During 1655 the Swedes won great successes in Poland and captured most of the country. But a series of military decisions transformed the Swedish army from a concentrated, combined-arms force into a mobile but widely dispersed force. -
Stiftelsen Norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014
Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014 SNO Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014 NARVA 1944: THE WAFFEN-SS I AND THE BATTLE FOR EUROPE I It SNO HISTORY BOOKSHOP 2 THE BROADWAY, FRIERN BARNET ROAD, LONDON N11 30U ~1~r, 01 ·3688568 -~-:..'~~:-,: .- Books Bought • Sold Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014 I I NARVA 1944: THE WAFFEN-SS AND THE BATTLE FOR EUROPE I Richard Landwehr Illustrated by Ramiro Bujeiro SNO BIBLIOPHILE LEGION BOOKS, INC. Box 612 Silver Spring, Maryland 209010612 Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014 Copyright © 1981 by Bibliophile Legion Books, Inc. This book is respectfully dedicated to the soldiers of the III. SS Panzer Corps (Germanic), living and BIBUOPHILE LEGION BOOKS, INC. dead. You will not be forgotten! P.O. Box 612 Silver Spring, Maryland 209010612 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Landwehr, Richard Narva 1944: The Waffen·SS and the Battle for Europe Bibliography: p. 184 1. World War U, 1939·1945-Regimental histories-Germany -Waffen'SS (Germanisches). SS-Panzer·Korps, Ill. 2. Waffen·SS (Germanisches). SS·Panzer·Korps, Ill-History. 3. World War II, 1939·1945-Campaigns-E!;tonia. 4. Estonia-History-German - occupation, 1941·1944.1. Title. D757.85.L36 940.54'13'43 81-18009 ISBN 0·918184-02-9SNO AACR2 rvlanufactured in the United States of America Stiftelsen norsk Okkupasjonshistorie, 2014 CONTENTS Page Foreword ............................................................................. 11 NOTE TO THE READER Chapter I On the Oranienbaum Front .......................................... 15 The reader will notice that the place names in Estonia and 11 Red Offensive Latvia appear in Estonian, Latvian, English, and German. This ..................................................... 24 was due to the fact that the author used these spellings from the III Retreat from the Oranienbaum Front 33 original research material when writing the book. -
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Institute of National Remembrance https://ipn.gov.pl/en/digital-resources/articles/4397,Battle-of-Warsaw-1920.html 2021-10-01, 13:56 11.08.2020 Battle of Warsaw, 1920 We invite you to read an article by Mirosław Szumiło, D.Sc. on the Battle of Warsaw, 1920. The text is also available in French and Russian (see attached pdf files). The Battle of Warsaw was one of the most important moments of the Polish-Bolshevik war, one of the most decisive events in the history of Poland, Europe and the entire world. However, excluding Poland, this fact is almost completely unknown to the citizens of European countries. This phenomenon was noticed a decade after the battle had taken place by a British diplomat, Lord Edgar Vincent d’Abernon, a direct witness of the events. In his book of 1931 “The Eighteenth Decisive Battle of the World: Warsaw, 1920”, he claimed that in the contemporary history of civilisation there are, in fact, few events of greater importance than the Battle of Warsaw of 1920. There is also no other which has been more overlooked. To better understand the origin and importance of the battle of Warsaw, one needs to become acquainted with a short summary of the Polish-Bolshevik war and, first and foremost, to get to know the goals of both fighting sides. We ought to start with stating the obvious, namely, that the Bolshevik regime, led by Vladimir Lenin, was, from the very beginning, focused on expansion. Prof. Richard Pipes, a prolific American historian, stated: “the Bolsheviks took power not to change Russia, but to use it as a trampoline for world revolution”. -
Scandinavia Scandinavia
Scandinavia Scandinavia e-catalogue Jointly offered for sale by: ANTIL UARIAAT FOR?GE> 50 Y EARSUM @>@> Extensive descriptions and images available on request All offers are without engagement and subject to prior sale. All items in this list are complete and in good condition unless stated otherwise. Any item not agreeing with the description may be returned within one week after receipt. Prices are EURO (€). Postage and insurance are not included. VAT is charged at the standard rate to all EU customers. EU customers: please quote your VAT number when placing orders. Preferred mode of payment: in advance, wire transfer or bankcheck. Arrangements can be made for MasterCard and VisaCard. Ownership of goods does not pass to the purchaser until the price has been paid in full. General conditions of sale are those laid down in the ILAB Code of Usages and Customs, which can be viewed at: <http://www.ilab.org/eng/ilab/code.html> New customers are requested to provide references when ordering. Orders can be sent to either firm. Antiquariaat FORUM BV ASHER Rare Books Tuurdijk 16 Tuurdijk 16 3997 MS ‘t Goy 3997 MS ‘t Goy The Netherlands The Netherlands Phone: +31 (0)30 6011955 Phone: +31 (0)30 6011955 Fax: +31 (0)30 6011813 Fax: +31 (0)30 6011813 E–mail: [email protected] E–mail: [email protected] Web: www.forumrarebooks.com Web: www.asherbooks.com www.forumislamicworld.com cover image: no. 30 v 1.1 · 20 October 2020 Visiting and inspecting physicians and apothecaries in Copenhagen 1. BARTHOLIN, Thomas. De visitatione officinarum pharmaceuticarum programma [I – V]. -
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Institute of National Remembrance https://ipn.gov.pl/en/news/4377,The-Polish-Soviet-War-of-1920.html 2021-10-04, 09:59 03.08.2020 The Polish-Soviet War of 1920 Reasons The main reason for the outbreak of the Polish-Soviet war the threat to Poland’s independence by Soviet Russia, as well as the attempt to implement the idea of a permanent revolution, and the export of the communist revolution Europe-wide. The Bolsheviks began carrying out this plan immediately after seizing power in Russia in October of 1917. They undertook the first attempts in Finland already in 1918, where civil war had broken out, as well as in the Baltic nations. In 1919 an attempt was made at provoking an uprising in Berlin, in March of the same year a government coalition was formed in Hungary with the participation communists, and in June of 1919 an attempt was made at a coup in Vienna. With the aim of transferring the revolution to other European countries, in March 1919, the Bolsheviks founded Comintern – the Third International, which was formally an independent organisation, but in practise functioned according to the guidelines of the Political Office of the communist party. One of its “branches” was the Communist Polish Workers Party (later: the Communist Party of Poland), which originated even earlier – in December 1918. From the perspective of Poland’s independence, a highly significant issue in relations with the eastern neighbour, was determining the course of the eastern border. During this time Central Europe was occupied along the belt from the Baltic Sea to the Sea of Azov, by the German army, which only began retreating after entering into a ceasefire in Compiegne on 11 November 1918. -
Discipline in Polish-Lithuanian Cavalry Units During Battles in the Early Modern Period1
Open Military Studies 2020; 1: 44–61 Karol Łopatecki* Discipline in Polish-Lithuanian cavalry units during battles in the early modern period1 https://10.1515/openms-2020-0104 Received Jul 13, 2020; accepted Sep 08, 2020 Abstract: Keywords: articles of war, military discipline, organization of cavalry, tactics in the 16th-18th c., desertion, old-Polish art of war The Polish and Lithuanian military in the modern period developed in a different direction from most European areas. First and foremost, it is emphasized that we did not deal with military revolution (it would be better to use the term “evolution”), which did not bring about the origins of a modern military-fiscal state on the territory of the Commonwealth2. This issue certainly requires comprehensive studies, since from at least the mid-17th century onwards, both on the military level as well as in the state organization, the Commonwealth coped well with strong enemies: the Teutonic Order (1519-1521), the Roman Empire (Austria) (1587-1588), the Kingdom of Sweden and the Tsardom of Moscow (1557- 1582, 1600-1629, 1632-1635) and the Ottoman Empire (1621, 1633-1634) 3. The research on transformations occurring in the 16th century indicate crucial changes in the military, but different from those developed in Western Europe. Among the differences it is important to name primarily the reliance on cavalry which fought with polearms and cutting weapons. Moreover, the Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania lacked strongholds understood as large cities fortified with bastions4. These two elements, as well as deficiencies of the fiscal system, which were “patched” by complementing paid troops with private units, district troops and Mass Mobilization5, 1 The article was written as part of the research project of the National Centre for Science SONATA, no. -
August / September 2019
POLISH AMERICAN news August / September 2019 You’re Invited to see a SPECIAL PICTORIAL EXHIBIT Marking the 80th Anniversary of the Invasion of Poland in 1939 Including actual photos taken during World War II Polish American Cultural Center Museum 308 Walnut Street in historic Philadelphia, PA Everyone is Invited • Welcome - Witamy Museum & Gift Shop Open: Monday to Saturday 10 A.M. to 4 P.M. Admission is free • Call the Museum at: (215) 922-1700 Visit the Museum on the Internet at: PolishAmericanCenter.com Email Guestbook is located on the front page on the Museum’s site. Polonia Commemorates the 80th Anniversary of World War II Reflecting on the 1939 Invasion of Poland and the Struggles and Accomplishments of the Polish People during World War II 1) On September 1, 1939 . Hitler’s Nazi German troops invaded 10) Poland was home for the majority of Europe’s Jews for over 800 Poland marking the beginning of World War II. Poland was the years. Hitler’s plan was to exterminate the Jews as well as work first country to resist Nazi expansion in Europe. the Polish people to death. 2) On September 17, 1939 . Soviet Russian troops attacked 11) Because Poland was the home to the majority of Europe’s Poland on its east border. This was a shock to the Polish Nation, Jews, the Nazis constructed their concentration camps in since Poles never expected the Russians to unite with Nazi occupied Poland where they hoped to conceal from the world forces in violation of their non-aggression pact. the atrocities they were committing. -
Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc. 7407 La Jolla Boulevard www.raremaps.com (858) 551-8500 La Jolla, CA 92037 [email protected] La Journee De Poltawa En Ukraine le 8e. julliet 1709; Entre l'Armee de sa Majeste Suedoise Charles XII, et celle de sa Majeste Csarienne Pierre I, Empereur de la grande Russie . 1714 Stock#: 29171 Map Maker: de Fer Date: 1714 Place: Paris Color: Hand Colored Condition: VG Size: 13.5 x 9 inches Price: SOLD Description: Detailed plan of the Battle of Poltava. The Battle of Poltava fought on June 27-28, 1709 was the decisive victory of Peter I of Russia over Charles XII of Sweden in the most famous of the battles of the Great Northern War. While the date given on the map reflects a July 8, 1709 battle, the modern date is given as June 27-28. After the Battle of Narva in 1700, Czar Peter I was reorganized his army, while Charles XII of Sweden fought for 6 years against Augustus II of Saxony-Poland. Peter first offensive move with his reorganized Russian Army was to establish the city of Saint Petersburg in Swedish territory. Charles attacked the Russian heartland with the intent on an assault on Moscow from Poland. The Swedish army of almost 44,000 men left Saxony on August 22, 1707 and marched eastwards. When they reached the Vistula River and crossed on December 30, then continued through Masuria and took Grodno on January 28, 1708. The Swedes continued to the area around Smorgon and Minsk ,where the army went into winter quarters. -
Bowl Round 6 Bowl Round 6 First Quarter
NHBB B-Set Bowl 2015-2016 Bowl Round 6 Bowl Round 6 First Quarter (1) Maurice Brodie developed a remedy for this disease while a research assistant at NYU, and John Enders was awarded the 1954 Nobel for his cultivation of this virus in the lab. The first live vaccine for this disease was tested at Letchworth Village in New York City. One sufferer of this disease had a bathtub installed on the USS Iowa for its treatment and founded the March of Dimes. For ten points, name this virus that paralyzed FDR. ANSWER: poliomyelitis (2) Augustus the Strong was dethroned during this war, and one side in this war attacked in a blinding snowstorm, winning the Battle of Narva. The turning point of this war saw General Adam Lewenhaupt and his Caroleans defeated while attempting to storm the Great Redoubt. That battle forced the exile of the losing ruler, Charles XII. For ten points, name this war, mostly fought between Russia and Sweden, which saw the Battle of Poltava won by Peter the Great. ANSWER: Great Northern War (3) This country won the Battle of Breadfield, and it failed to subjugate Moldavia after the Battle of Baia. One campaign led by a king of this country lifted a siege of Belgrade, and that king lost the Battle of Kosovo to an empire that would later conquer this country at the Battle of Mohacs [MO-hotch]. For ten points, name this country led by Janos [YAH-nosh] Hunyadi, which was conquered by Suleiman the Magnificent and was once in a personal union with Austria. -
Final Playbook
PLAYBOOK Table of Contents A. Scenarios ................................................................................................ 2 B. Extended Example of Play .................................................................... 6 C. Historical Background of the Great Northern War ........................... 15 D. Designers’ Notes .................................................................................... 27 E. Developer’s Notes .................................................................................. 28 F. Players’ Notes ......................................................................................... 30 G. Gazetteer ................................................................................................ 32 GMT Games, LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 www.GMTGames.com 2 Pax Baltica Playbook On what Foundation stands the Warrior’s Pride? How just his Hopes let Swedish Charles decide; A. Scenarios A Frame of Adamant, a Soul of Fire, Place blocks in the territories indicated in the scenario’s set-up, No Dangers fright him, and no Labours tire; at full strength unless otherwise indicated. Each nation controls Over Love, over Force, extends his wide Domain, all their own national-colored territories, unless a different na- Unconquered Lord of Pleasure and of Pain; tion’s garrison is listed. No Joys to him pacific Sceptres yield, War sounds the Trump, he rushes to the Field; A.1 NEXT STOP MOSCOW (1707-1710) Behold surrounding Kings their Power combine, And One capitulate, and One resign; Karl XII has reached the peak of his power. The Russian army has Peace courts his Hand, but spread her Charms in vain; been defeated and Denmark is out of the war. August II has lost the “Think Nothing gained, he cries, till nought remain, Polish crown to the Swedish puppet Stanisław Leszczyński and Karl “On Moscow’s Walls till Gothic Standards fly, occupies the Saxon fatherland. However, Pyotr I has begun to reform “And all is Mine beneath the Polar Sky.” his army and is ready to take up the fight again. -
The Petrine Instauration Aries Book Series
The Petrine Instauration Aries Book Series Texts and Studies in Western Esotericism Editor Marco Pasi Editorial Board Jean-Pierre Brach Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke Wouter Hanegraafff Advisory Board Antoine Faivre – Olav Hammer Andreas Kilcher – Arthur McCalla Monika Neugebauer-Wölk – Mark Sedgwick Jan Snoek – György Szo ˝nyi Garry Trompf VOLUME 14 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/arbs The Petrine Instauration Religion, Esotericism and Science at the Court of Peter the Great, 1689–1725 By Robert Collis LEIDEN • BOSTON 2012 Cover illustration: Detail of the lower section of the sixth sheet of the Bruce Calendars (1715). Photograph by Natal’ia Antonova and Inna Regentova. Reproduced with kind permission of the The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Collis, Robert. The Petrine instauration : religion, esotericism and science at the court of Peter the Great, 1689–1725 / by Robert Collis. p. cm. – (Aries book series: texts and studies in Western esotericism ; v. 14) ISBN 978-90-04-21567-2 (hardback : alkaline paper) 1. Russia – History – Peter I, 1689–1725. 2. Occultism – Russia – History – 18th century. 3. Mysticism – Russia – History – 18th century. 4. Occultism and science – Russia – History – 18th century. 5. Religion and science – Russia – History – 18th century. 6. Peter I, Emperor of Russia, 1672–1725 – Relations with occultists. 7. Brius, IA. V. (IAkov Vilimovich), graf, 1670–1735. 8. Erskine, Robert, 1677– 1718. 9. IAvors’kyi, Stefan, 1658–1722. 10. Feofan, Archbishop of Novgorod, 1681–1736. 11. Occultists – Russia – History – 18th century. 12. Scholars – Russia – History – 18th century. -
Medieval Shipping
Medieval Shipping A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton Contents 1 Caravel 1 1.1 History ................................................. 1 1.2 Design ................................................ 1 1.3 See also ................................................ 2 1.4 References ............................................... 2 1.5 External links ............................................. 2 2 Carrack 6 2.1 Origins ................................................ 8 2.2 Carracks in Asia ........................................... 10 2.3 Famous carracks ............................................ 10 2.4 See also ................................................ 12 2.5 References ............................................... 12 2.6 Further reading ............................................ 12 2.7 External links ............................................. 12 3 Cog (ship) 13 3.1 Design ................................................. 14 3.2 History ................................................. 14 3.3 Gallery ................................................. 15 3.4 See also ................................................ 15 3.5 References ............................................... 15 3.5.1 Footnotes ........................................... 15 3.5.2 Bibliography ......................................... 15 3.6 External links ............................................. 15 4 Fire ship 16 4.1 History ................................................. 16 4.1.1 Ancient era, first uses ....................................