Public Disclosure Authorized SOCIAL ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR
THE WORLD BANK FUNDED
GANSU INTEGRATED RURAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DEMONSTRATION TOWN PROJECT
Public Disclosure Authorized
Public Disclosure Authorized
GANSU PROVINCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND REFORM COMMISSION Public Disclosure Authorized
LANZHOU , G ANSU
NOV . 2011
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CONTENTS
1. FOREWORD ...... 1
1.1 B ACKGROUND OF SA ...... 1 1.2 T ASKS OF SA ...... 1 1.3 O BJECTIVES OF SA ...... 2 1.4 B ASIS OF SA ...... 3 1.5 M ETHODOLOGY OF SA ...... 5 1.5.1 Types of assessment data ...... 5 1.5.2 Key points of fieldwork ...... 7 1.5.3 Key principles of fieldwork ...... 8 1.5.4 Methodology of fieldwork ...... 9 1.6 M ETHODOLOGY OF DATA ANALYSIS ...... 14 1.7 T ECHNICAL ROUTE OF SA ...... 16 2. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT ...... 17
2.1 S IGNIFICANCE AND NECESSITY OF THE PROJECT ...... 17 2.2 O BJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT ...... 19 2.3 D URATION OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ...... 19 2.4 E XPECTED INVESTMENT OF THE PROJECT ...... 19 2.5 S ELECTION OF DEMONSTRATION TOWNS ...... 20 2.6 O VERALL SCOPE AND SIZE OF THE PROJECT ...... 23 2.7 O RGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE OF THE PROJECT ...... 26 3. SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREAS ...... 28
3.1 D ONGWAN TOWN ...... 28 3.1.1 Basic information ...... 28 3.3.2 Existing development issues ...... 29 3.3.3 Main scope of construction ...... 30 3.2 H ONGSHUI TOWN ...... 31 3.2.1 Basic information ...... 31 3.2.2 Existing development issues ...... 32 3.2.3 Main scope of construction ...... 33 3.3 H ONGWANSI TOWN ...... 34 3.3.1 Basic information ...... 34 3.3.2 Existing development issues ...... 36 3.3.2 Main scope of construction ...... 36 4. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS ...... 39
4.1 I DENTIFICATION CRITERIA OF STAKEHOLDERS ...... 39 4.2 K EY STAKEHOLDERS ...... 39 4.3 I MPACT AND DEMAND ANALYSIS OF KEY STAKEHOLDERS ...... 40 4.3.1 Provincial PMO ...... 40 4.3.2 County PMOs ...... 41 4.3.3 Town PMOs ...... 42 4.3.4 Government functional departments ...... 43 4.3.5 Communities ...... 43 4.3.6 Ordinary farmers, herdsmen and residents ...... 45 4.3.7 Households affected by land acquisition and property demolition ...... 48 4.3.8 Traders ...... 49 4.3.9 Enterprises ...... 50 4.3.10 Industry associations/cooperatives ...... 54 4.3.11 Brokers ...... 56 5. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 60
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5.1 P OSITIVE ECONOMIC IMPACTS ...... 60 5.1.1 Dongwan Town ...... 60 5.1.2 Hongshui Town ...... 65 5.1.3 Hongwansi Town ...... 70 5.2 A BILITY AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY ...... 75 5.2.1 Dongwan Town ...... 76 5.2.2 Hongshui Town ...... 77 5.2.3 Hongwansi Town ...... 78 5.3 S OCIAL IMPACTS ...... 83 5.3.1 Institutional capacity building ...... 83 5.3.2 Capacity building of affected groups ...... 88 5.3.3 Impacts on community management and decision-making capacity ...... 89 5.3.4 Religious and cultural impacts ...... 89 5.3.5 Social gender impact analysis ...... 91 5.4 E NVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ...... 94 5.4.1 Dongwan Town ...... 94 5.4.2 Hongshui Town ...... 95 5.4.3 Hongwansi Town ...... 95 6. ETHNIC MINORITY ANALYSIS ...... 97
6.1 SUMMARY OF POLICIES FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE PROJECT AREA ...... 97 6.1.1 Applicable laws and regulations ...... 97 6.1.2 Policy framework for ethnic minorities ...... 98 6.2 I NTRODUCTION TO AFFECTED ETHNIC MINORITIES...... 103 6.2.1 Yugu people ...... 105 6.2.2 Tibetans ...... 108 6.2.3 Hui people ...... 110 6.3 I MPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON ETHNIC MINORITIES ...... 112 6.4 I DENTIFICATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES ...... 114 7. SOCIAL RISK ASSESSMENT ...... 117
7.1 E CONOMIC RISKS ...... 117 7.1.1 Dongwan Town ...... 117 7.1.2 Hongshui Town ...... 119 7.1.3 Hongwansi Town ...... 120 7.2 S OCIAL RISKS ...... 123 7.2.1 Dongwan Town ...... 123 7.2.2 Hongshui Town ...... 124 7.2.3 Hongwansi Town ...... 127 7.3 ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS ...... 129 7.3.1 Dongwan Town ...... 129 7.3.2 Hongshui Town ...... 129 7.3.3 Hongwansi Town ...... 129 7.4 O RGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT RISKS ...... 129 8. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ...... 133
8.1 P RESENT SITUATION OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ...... 133 8.1.1 Project awareness survey ...... 133 8.2.2 Project recognition survey ...... 135 8.2 C OMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND ITS ROLE DURING ASSESSMENT ...... 138 8.2.1 Dongwan Town ...... 138 8.2.2 Hongshui Town ...... 139 8.2.3 Hongwansi Town ...... 140 8.3 C OMMUNITY PARTICIPATION FRAMEWORK ...... 145 8.3.1 Dongwan Town ...... 145 8.3.2 Hongshui Town ...... 155 8.3.3 Hongwansi Town ...... 165
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9. APPEAL HANDLING ...... 177
9.1 S UBJECTS OF APPEAL ...... 177 9.2 S COPE OF APPEAL ...... 178 9.2.1 By appellant ...... 178 9.2.2 By appellee ...... 179 9.2.3 By time of appeal ...... 180 9.2.4 By point of appeal ...... 181 9.3 P RINCIPLES OF APPEAL AND HANDLING ...... 181 9.4 M ODES OF APPEAL ...... 183 9.4.1 Oral/written ...... 183 9.4.2 Rational/irrational ...... 183 9.4.3 Non-public/public ...... 183 9.4.4 Level by level/cross-level ...... 184 9.5 M ODES OF APPEAL HANDLING ...... 184 9.5.1 Self-mediation ...... 184 9.5.2 Community mediation ...... 185 9.5.3 Mediation/handling at the project level ...... 185 9.5.4 Mediation/handling at the administrative level ...... 185 9.5.5 Judicial mediation or judgment ...... 185 9.6 R ESPONSIBILITIES AND OBLIGATIONS OF SUBJECTS OF APPEAL ...... 187 9.6.1 Appellant ...... 187 9.6.2 Appellee ...... 187 9.6.3 Accepting and handling agencies ...... 188 9.7 P ROVISIONS AND MANAGEMENT OF APPEALS ...... 189 9.7.1 Application for appeal ...... 189 9.7.2 Handling of appeals ...... 189 9.7.3 Appeal information management ...... 190 9.7.4 Disclosure of appeal information ...... 191 10. RISK MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 193
10.1 D ONGWAN TOWN ...... 193 10.1.1 Mitigation measures of economic risks ...... 193 10.1.2 Mitigation measures of social risks ...... 193 10.1.3 Mitigation measures of environmental risks ...... 194 10.1.4 Mitigation measures of organizational and management risks ...... 194 10.2 H ONGSHUI TOWN ...... 195 10.2.1 Mitigation measures of economic risks ...... 195 10.2.2 Mitigation measures of social risks ...... 195 10.2.3 Mitigation measures of environmental risks ...... 196 10.2.4 Mitigation measures of organizational and management risks ...... 196 10.3 H ONGWANSI TOWN ...... 196 10.3.1 Mitigation measures of economic risks ...... 196 10.3.2 Mitigation measures of social risks ...... 197 10.3.3 Mitigation measures of environmental risks ...... 198 10.3.4 Mitigation measures of organizational and management risks ...... 198 11. SOCIAL ACTION PLAN AND MONITORING ...... 200
11.1 S OCIAL ACTION PLAN OF DONGWAN TOWN AND MONITORING ...... 201 11.2 S OCIAL ACTION PLAN OF HONGSHUI TOWN AND MONITORING ...... 204 11.3 S OCIAL ACTION PLAN OF HONGWANSI TOWN AND MONITORING ...... 208 11.4 N OTES TO FINANCIAL BUDGET ...... 212 11.5 O RGANIZATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS ...... 212 12. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ...... 216
12.1 K EY CONCLUSIONS ...... 216 12.2 K EY SUGGESTIONS ...... 216
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APPENDIXES: ...... 218
APPENDIX 1: EMDP ...... 218 APPENDIX 2: C OMMUNITY PARTICIPATION HANDBOOK ...... 218 APPENDIX 3: A PPEAL HANDLING MECHANISM ...... 218 APPENDIX 4: A GENDA OF FIELDWORK OF SA ...... 218
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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
TABLE 1: B ASIS OF SA ...... 3 TABLE 2: S UMMARY OF MATERIALS USED FOR SA ...... 5 TABLE 3: SUMMARY OF WORKLOAD OF FIELD SURVEY ...... 9 TABLE 4: S UMMARY OF WORKLOAD OF SEMI -STRUCTURED INTERVIEWS...... 10 TABLE 5: S UMMARY OF WORKLOAD OF KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS ...... 11 TABLE 6: S UMMARY OF WORKLOAD OF FGD S...... 12 TABLE 7: S UMMARY OF BASIC INFORMATION OF QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY...... 13 TABLE 8: S UMMARY OF BASIC INFORMATION OF FIELD SURVEY ...... 13 TABLE 9: N ATIONAL AND GANSU DATA ON ETHNIC GROUP POPULATION ...... 18 TABLE 10: L IST OF DEMONSTRATION TOWNS IN THE PROJECT ...... 21 TABLE 11: K EY SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS OF SOME DEMONSTRATION TOWNS (I) ...... 21 TABLE 12: K EY SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS OF SOME DEMONSTRATION TOWNS (II) ...... 22 TABLE 13: D ISTRIBUTION OF PROJECT COMPONENTS IN DEMONSTRATION TOWNS ...... 24 TABLE 14: I NCOMPLETE STATISTICS OF MAIN SCOPE OF CONSTRUCTION AND INDICATORS OF DEMONSTRATION TOWNS (I) ...... 24 TABLE 15: I NCOMPLETE STATISTICS OF MAIN SCOPE OF CONSTRUCTION AND INDICATORS OF DEMONSTRATION TOWNS (II) ...... 25 TABLE 16: A REAS DIRECTLY AFFECTED BY THE DONGWAN TOWN SUBPROJECT AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS ...... 31 TABLE 17: A REAS DIRECTLY AFFECTED BY THE HONGSHUI TOWN SUBPROJECT AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS ...... 34 TABLE 18: A REAS DIRECTLY AFFECTED BY THE HONGWANSI TOWN SUBPROJECT AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS ...... 38 TABLE 19: S TAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT ...... 39 TABLE 20: C LASSIFICATION OF AFFECTED COMMUNITIES IN 3 DEMONSTRATION TOWNS ...... 44 TABLE 21: S UMMARY OF AFFECTED FARMERS , HERDSMEN AND RESIDENTS ...... 45 TABLE 22: S TATISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS AFFECTED BY LAND ACQUISITION AND PROPERTY DEMOLITION ...... 48 TABLE 23: S UMMARY OF AFFECTED TRADERS ...... 50 TABLE 24: S UMMARY OF NUMBERS OF AFFECTED ENTERPRISES AND TYPES OF IMPACT IN DEMONSTRATION TOWNS ...... 50 TABLE 25:S UMMARY OF AFFECTED INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS /COOPERATIVES ...... 54 TABLE 26: S UMMARY OF AFFECTED RURAL BROKERS ...... 57 TABLE 27: S EASONAL CALENDAR FOR SUNLIGHT GREENHOUSE VEGETABLE CULTIVATION IN DONGWAN TOWN ...... 63 TABLE 28: S URVEY OF ABILITY /WILLINGNESS TO PAY OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN HONGSHUI TOWN ...... 77 TABLE 29: S URVEY OF ABILITY /WILLINGNESS TO PAY OF FARMERS , HERDSMEN AND RESIDENTS IN HONGWANSI TOWN .79 TABLE 30: S UMMARY OF ABILITY /WILLINGNESS TO PAY OF TARGET GROUPS OF THE PROJECT ...... 81 TABLE 31:S UMMARY OF INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES ...... 85 TABLE 32:I MPACT ANALYSIS OF THE TRAINING COMPONENT ...... 88 TABLE 33: D IVISION OF LABOR BY GENDER IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF SUNLIGHT GREENHOUSE VEGETABLE CULTIVATION ...... 91 TABLE 34: D IVISION OF LABOR BY GENDER IN HUI COMMUNITIES DIRECTLY AFFECTED BY THE PROJECT ...... 92 TABLE 35:D IVISION OF LABOR BY GENDER OF AFFECTED FARMERS , HERDSMEN AND RESIDENTS IN HONGWANSI TOWN .93 TABLE 36: P OLICY FRAMEWORK FOR ETHNIC MINORITIES ...... 99 TABLE 37: C OMPOSITION OF ETHNIC MINORITY POPULATION IN TWO DEMONSTRATION TOWNS ...... 103 TABLE 38: C OMPOSITION OF ETHNIC MINORITY POPULATION IN DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES OF HONGWANSI TOWN ....104 TABLE 39: C OMPOSITION OF ETHNIC MINORITY POPULATION IN DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES OF HONGSHUI TOWN ...... 104 TABLE 40: K EY INDICATORS OF POPULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF YUGU PEOPLE ...... 105 TABLE 41: K EY INDICATORS OF POPULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF TIBETANS IN THE PROJECT AREAS ...... 108 TABLE 42: M AIN TYPES AND MODES OF BENEFITS OR LOSSES OF ETHNIC MINORITIES FROM THE PROJECT ...... 112 TABLE 43: S UMMARY OF MODES AND DEGREES OF IMPACT OF THE PROJECT ON DIFFERENT ETHNIC MINORITIES ...... 114 TABLE 44: I DENTIFICATION OF ETHNIC MINORITIES ...... 115 TABLE 45: L AND RESOURCES OF HUI COMMUNITIES IN HONGSHUI TOWN ...... 125 TABLE 46: A LLOCATION OF FORAGE BASE CONSTRUCTION AND FINE BREED EXTENSION OF MUTTON SHEEP TO COMMUNITIES IN HONGSHUI TOWN ...... 125 TABLE 47: P ROJECT AWARENESS OF SURVEYED STAKEHOLDERS ...... 134 TABLE 48: P ROJECT AWARENESS SURVEY OF FARMERS , HERDSMEN AND RESIDENTS IN SAMPLE COMMUNITIES ...... 134 TABLE 49: P ROJECT AWARENESS SURVEY OF FARMERS , HERDSMEN AND RESIDENTS IN SAMPLE COMMUNITIES IN HONGWANSI TOWN ...... 135
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TABLE 50: P ROJECT RECOGNITION SURVEY OF STAKEHOLDERS ...... 136 TABLE 51: S URVEY OF RECOGNITION OF INTEGRATED BAZAAR RECONSTRUCTION AMONG ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE SAMPLE COMMUNITIES OF HONGWANSI TOWN ...... 136 TABLE 52: R ECOGNITION SURVEY OF ETHNIC MINORITIES FOR QILIAN JADE PROCESSING ZONE CONSTRUCTION IN SAMPLE COMMUNITIES OF HONGWANSI TOWN ...... 137 TABLE 53: S URVEY OF RECOGNITION OF THE ETHNIC CHARACTERISTIC PRODUCT PROCESSING AND STARTUP TRAINING CENTER AMONG ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE SAMPLE COMMUNITIES OF HONGWANSI TOWN ...... 137 TABLE 54: C OMPARISON OF MAIN SCOPE OF CONSTRUCTION BEFORE AND AFTER COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE SA ...... 142 TABLE 55: L OGIC FRAMEWORK OF THE DONGWAN TOWN SUBPROJECT (P ART 1) ...... 145 TABLE 56: L OGIC FRAMEWORK OF THE DONGWAN TOWN SUBPROJECT (P ART 2) ...... 151 TABLE 57: L OGIC FRAMEWORK OF THE HONGSHUI TOWN SUBPROJECT (P ART 1) ...... 155 TABLE 58: L OGIC FRAMEWORK OF THE HONGSHUI TOWN SUBPROJECT (P ART 2) ...... 161 TABLE 59: L OGIC FRAMEWORK OF THE HONGWANSI TOWN SUBPROJECT (P ART 1) ...... 165 TABLE 60: L OGIC FRAMEWORK OF THE HONGWANSI TOWN SUBPROJECT (P ART 2) ...... 172 TABLE 61: L IST OF STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN APPEAL HANDLING ...... 177 TABLE 62: S OCIAL ACTION PLAN FOR THE DONGWAN TOWN SUBPROJECT ...... 201 TABLE 63: S OCIAL ACTION PLAN FOR THE HONGSHUI TOWN SUBPROJECT ...... 204 TABLE 64: S OCIAL ACTION PLAN FOR THE HONGWANSI TOWN SUBPROJECT ...... 208 TABLE 65: S UMMARY OF OBLIGATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF DIFFERENT AGENCIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOCIAL ACTION PLAN ...... 212 TABLE 66: O RGANIZATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR M&E ...... 215
FIGURE 1: T ECHNICAL ROUTE OF SA ...... 16 FIGURE 2: O RGANIZATIONAL CHART OF THE PROJECT ...... 27 FIGURE 3: L OGIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE PROJECT AND FARMING AND STOCKBREEDING OF HONGSHUI TOWN ...... 66 FIGURE 4: F LOWCHART OF APPEAL HANDLING MECHANISM ...... 187
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ABBREVIATIONS
CPC - Communist Party of China
EMDP - Ethnic Minority Development Plan
EMP - Environmental Management Plan
FS - Feasibility Study
FGD - Focus Group Discussion
MLS - Minimum Living Security
M&E - Monitoring and Evaluation
O&M - Operation and Management
PMO - Project Management Office
PRA - Participatory Rural Appraisal
RAP - Resettlement Action Plan
SA - Social Assessment
UNITS
Currency unit = Yuan (RMB)
1.00 Yuan = $0.15
1 hectare = 15 mu
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1. Foreword
1.1 Background of SA
According to the preliminary social scanning and identification of the World Bank-funded Gansu Integrated Rural Economic Development Demonstration Town Project (hereinafter referred to as the “Project”) by the World Bank Identification Mission, the social assessment (SA) of the Project is based mainly on the following two considerations:
1) The proposed components of the demonstration towns are mostly closely associated with local pillar industry development, economic structuring and integrated social development, and involve complex stakeholders, and complex possible socioeconomic benefits and potential socioeconomic risks; therefore, a detailed SA should be conducted to address the above issues.
2) Among the proposed 12 demonstration towns, the subprojects of Hongwansi and Hongshui Town involve Yugu, Tibetan and Hui people. According to the Bank policy OP4.10 Indigenous Peoples , it is necessary to prepare a special Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) for the two project towns. The basis of EMDP preparation is a detailed SA.
According to the Project’s practical conditions, the Memorandum of the World Bank Identification Mission states that a demonstration town/subproject will be selected from the 12 proposed demonstration towns for SA through “participation and consultation” activities at the preparation stage, and a “Community Participation Handbook” will be prepared, which includes an “Appeal Handling Mechanism”, so as to implement the Project more effectively.
1.2 Tasks of SA
In the Project, Hongshui and Hongwansi Towns involve Hui, Yugu and Tibetan people, triggering the Bank policy OP4.10 Indigenous Peoples . According to this policy, an EMDP should be prepared for the two towns. As the basis of EMDP preparation, SA will be conducted on Hongshui and Hongwansi Towns first.
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The Project involves 12 demonstration towns. Except that Hongshui and Hongwansi Towns should be subject to SA due to their involvement of ethnic minorities, the World Bank Identification Mission suggested that a representative one be selected from the other 10 demonstration towns for a detailed SA in order to facilitate project activities. Through the social scanning of the other demonstration towns by the World Bank Identification Mission, it was finally decided that Dongwan Town, JingYuan County be selected as a demonstration town for this SA.
The tasks of this SA include the preparation of the following documents required for project application and approval:
- SA Report (including the three subprojects of Dongwan, Hongshui and Hongwansi Towns)
- EMDP (including the two subprojects of Hongshui and Hongwansi Towns)
- Community Participation Handbook (including the three subprojects of Dongwan, Hongshui and Hongwansi Towns)
- Appeal Handling Mechanism (including the three subprojects of Dongwan, Hongshui and Hongwansi Towns)
1.3 Objectives of SA
This SA is intended to describe the socioeconomic situation of the project areas and the target groups, the potential socioeconomic benefits and risks of the proposed components, a possible action plan that gives full play to the potential socioeconomic benefits of the Project, and benefits different stakeholder groups (especially ethnic minorities and vulnerable groups), and possible action measures that avoid potential socioeconomic risks and protect different stakeholder groups (especially ethnic minorities and vulnerable groups) from losses to the greatest extent, thereby providing a basis for improving the project design, and developing feasible and appropriate project implementation programs. The objectives of SA are to:
1) Evaluate the socioeconomic benefits and potential socioeconomic risks of the Project;
2) Explore means to avoid potential socioeconomic risks;
3) Investigate the Project’s positive and negative impacts on all stakeholders, especially ethnic minorities, the poor, women and other vulnerable groups;
4) Explore actions to reduce or avoid negative impacts;
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5) Investigate the present production and living conditions, and socioeconomic profile of ethnic minorities, and develop an EMDP to ensure that ethnic minorities benefit from the Project, and the Project’s negative impacts on ethnic minorities are minimized;
6) Prepare an operable Community Participation Handbook according to the socioeconomic profile of the project areas, the present situation of stakeholders and the specific scope of the Project to ensure that the target groups and other stakeholders are fully involved in project implementation in a free, prior and informed manner, their rights of information, participation, supervision, decision-making, expression and benefiting in the Project are Protected, and potential risks arising from project implementation are minimized; and
7) Develop an Appeal Handling Mechanism based on the project areas’ practical conditions to ensure that disputes over interests arising from project implementation are settled through operable procedures, the Project is implemented successfully, and appeals of affected groups are expressed properly.
1.4 Basis of SA
This SA not only involves an investigation of socioeconomic risks, but also the preparation of the EMDP, the Community Participation Handbook and the Appeal Handling Mechanism. The basis of SA involved includes state laws and regulations, bank policies, and laws and regulations in the project areas.
Table 1: Basis of SA I. State laws and regulations 1) Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China 2) Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China 3) Law of the People’s Republic of China on Water Pollution Prevention and Control 4) Construction Law of the People’s Republic of China 5) Urban-Rural Planning Law of the People’s Republic of China 6) Administrative Measures for Urban Construction Planning of the People’s Republic of China 7) Administrative Regulations for Village and Town Planning and Construction 8) Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests
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9) Organic Law of Villagers’ Committees of the People’s Republic of China 10) Regulations of the People's Republic of China on the Disclosure of Government Information II. Bank policies 11) World Bank operational policy / Bank procedure—OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement 12) World Bank operational policy—OP4.10 Indigenous Peoples 13) World Bank operational policy—OP 4.00 Piloting the Use of Borrower Systems to Address Environmental and Social Safeguard Issues in Bank-Supported Projects 14) Operational Guide to the Monitoring and Evaluation of Resettlement of World Bank Financed Projects in China (Draft for Discussion) III. Laws and regulations in the project areas 15) Construction Plan for the Gansu Integrated Rural Economic Development Demonstration Town Project (2007-2010) 16) Measures for the Administration of the Gansu Integrated Rural Economic Development Demonstration Town Project 17) Notice on Issuing the Request for Instructions of the National Development and Reform Commission on the Plan of Alternative World Bank-funded Projects in the Fiscal Years 2009-2011 18) Request for Instructions on the Application for the Planning of the World Bank-funded Gansu Integrated Rural Economic Development Demonstration Town Project 19) Notice on Issuing the Technical Policy for Small Town Construction 20) 12 th Five-year Plan for National Economy and Social Development of Sunan County 21) 12 th Five-year Plan for National Economy and Social Development of JingYuan County 22) 12 th Five-year Plan for National Economy and Social Development of Jingtai County 23) 12 th Five-year Plan for Stockbreeding Development of Baiyin City 24) Five-year Stockbreeding Development Plan of Baiyin City 25) 12 th Five-year Plan for Stockbreeding Development of Sunan City 26) 12 th Five-year Plan for Agriculture Development of Sunan County 27) 12 th Five-year Plan for Agriculture Development of Jingtai County 28) 12 th Five-year Plan for Agriculture Development of JingYuan County 29) Summary Report of the 11 th Five-year Development Plan of Dongwan Town 30) Summary Report of the 11 th Five-year Development Plan of Hongshui Town
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31) 12 th Five-year Development Plan of Dongwan Town 32) 12 th Five-year Development Plan of Hongshui Town 33) Herbivore Breeding Development Plan of Hongshui Town 34) Rural Highway Construction Plan of Jingtai County 35) Economic Demonstration Town Plan of JingYuan County 36) Chorography and ethnography of JingYuan County 37) 2010 Statistical Report of Dongwan Town 38) 2010 Statistical Report of Hongshui Town 39) 2010 Socioeconomic Statistical Yearbook of Dongwan Town 40) 2010 Socioeconomic Statistical Yearbook of Hongshui Town 41) Socioeconomic statistical statements of Dongwan Town 42) Socioeconomic statistical statements of Hongshui Town 43) Town government annual work reports of the past 3 years of Dongwan Town 44) Town government annual work reports of the past 3 years of Hongshui Town 45) Training summaries of town governments (labor and social security, women’s association, science and technology bureau, agriculture bureau, poverty relief office) 46) Township minimum living security (MLS) policies (urban / rural residents)
1.5 Methodology of SA
This SA adopts participatory assessment methods. In addition to secondhand information review and questionnaire survey, a more important basis of SA is from extensive, in-depth interviews and consultation with stakeholders. The data collection and analysis methods corresponding to empirical methodology and participatory assessment will be described in more detail below.
1.5.1 Types of assessment data
Assessment data used in this SA fall into three types – literatures, microscopic data at the institutional and social levels, and fieldwork data.
Table 2: Summary of materials used for SA
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Type Details
A. Preparatory documents:
- General proposal of the Project, and proposals for the subprojects of the 3 SA demonstration towns
- Pre-FS reports of all 12 demonstration towns
- Memorandum of the World Bank Identification Mission
B. Socioeconomic data and resource endowment data of project areas
- Administrative division maps of the 3 SA demonstration towns and their counties
- Chorographies and ethnographies of project counties
- 2010 statistical yearbooks of project counties
- 2010 rural socioeconomic statistical statements of project towns Literatures Literatures - Agricultural zoning reports of project counties
- Ethnic minority statements in minority areas
- Gansu Development Yearbook 2010
C. Socioeconomic development reports in project areas:
- 2009 and 2010 summary work reports of governments of project counties / towns
- 2010 summary work reports of functional departments of project counties related to the Project, such as development and reform bureau, agriculture / stockbreeding bureau, water resources bureau, traffic bureau, social security bureau, poverty relief office and women’s association
- Summary reports of farmer training of agriculture / stockbreeding bureau, water resources bureau, traffic bureau, social security bureau, poverty relief office and women’s association in project towns
D. Socioeconomic development plans in project areas
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- Medium- and long-term development plans of project towns
- 12 th five-year plan for national economy development of the project counties
- Special 12 th five-year development plans, such as those for agriculture, stockbreeding, vegetable industry, traffic, tourism
- 12 th five-year plan for national economy development of the project towns
- Summary reports of 11 th five-year plans for national economy development of the project towns
E. Quantities and distribution of key stakeholder groups
F. Natural resource endowments and differences of key stakeholder groups Microscopic data Microscopic G. Socioeconomic profile of stakeholder groups
H. Poverty incidence of project areas
I. Quantity and distribution of MLS group in project areas
J. Quantities, types, distribution and socioeconomic profile of ethnic groups
K. General introduction of customs, religious believes and social cultures in project areas
L. Types, quantities and levels of benefit of stakeholder groups
Fieldwork dataFieldwork directly by from the Project: such as farmers, residents and traders affected by land acquisition and property demolition, and those affected temporarily by construction
M. Types, quantities and levels of benefit of stakeholder groups benefiting directly from the Project
N. Survey of ability and willingness to pay
1.5.2 Key points of fieldwork
In view of the main objectives and tasks of this SA, and the complexity and diversity of the components and stakeholder groups involved in the Project, the fieldwork is focused on the following:
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1) Specific scope and details of the Project
2) Identification of affected groups and other stakeholder groups
3) Impacts on and levels of influence of stakeholder groups
4) Identification of willingness to participate, willingness and ability to pay of target groups
5) Identification of economic, social and environmental risks of project activities
6) Identification of core systems and procedures for project implementation, operation and management
7) Assessment of cultural compatibility and suitability between components and project areas / target groups
8) Assessment of suitability, practicality and operability of components
1.5.3 Key principles of fieldwork
This SA is conducted under the direction of empirical methodology and participatory assessment, and in conformity with the following key principles of fieldwork based on Bank policy OP4.10 Indigenous Peoples and the appendixes thereto:
1) Free expression of ideas by respondents —The process of participation of the respondents in the fieldwork is also one of the most important aspects of community participation at the preparation stage. This process requires that the fieldwork staff allows the respondents to express their ideas and appeals in relation to the Project in a free, prior and informed manner.
2) Nonuse of inductive questions —In the fieldwork, the SA team tried to avoid ask inductive questions to obtain information with a certain preset standpoint; rather, the principle of behaviorism was applied to learn the objective situation of stakeholders.
3) Challenge of implementer —When it came to key issues in the fieldwork, especially with respect to sensitive benefit distribution and objective difficulties, the implementer (town PMO, etc.) was challenged when necessary to allow respondents to express their ideas without any worry.
4) Cross-validation and comparison —Since the Project involves benefit distribution and resource allocation, the possibility of intentional concealment of truth by respondents cannot be precluded. Therefore, in the fieldwork, key information that affects or even determines the feasibility of any component, such as its socioeconomic benefits and
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risks, different subjects were involved for cross-validation and comparison to ensure the trueness and objectiveness of the information obtained.
1.5.4 Methodology of fieldwork
The methods of fieldwork used this SA generally fall into the three types, namely observational, interview and survey methods. The key methods and tools are as follows:
1) Participatory observation
The SA team interacted extensively with the stakeholder groups of the Project to learn their socioeconomic profile and basic personal information, and also the social customs and religious believes, etc. of the project areas.
In this SA, participatory observation was not used as a separate method but used along with other methods for qualitative research.
2) Field survey
This was the first step of the fieldwork, and intended to learn the natural resource endowment, and the distribution of communities and residents around each construction site, so as to find out the Project’s possible land acquisition and property demolition impacts, and temporary impacts, and identify the main beneficiary and adversely affected groups. Depending on the components of the 3 demonstration towns, the special field survey activities are as follows:
Table 3: Summary of workload of field survey
Demonstration Total Key subjects of field survey and their and numbers town (times)
Dongwan Town - Full length of proposed road for - Construction site of the Vegetable 11 vegetable base (2) Testing and Trading Center (2)
- Full length of canal lining (2) - 5 administrative villages involved in road construction (1)
Hongshui Town - Site of road construction (4) - 2 Hui villages (1) 16
- Farmland proposed for alfalfa - 1 Han village (1) (3) - Livestock bazaar and integrated - 4 breeding bases (1) bazaar in urban area (1)
Hongwansi Town - Urban area of Hongwansi Town - Horse and deer breeding base of 6 (3) Qilianshan Biology Co. (1)
- Construction site of Qilian Jade
9
Processing Zone (2) - Daciyao Village (1) - Construction site of integrated bazaar (2)
Total 33
3) Semi-structured interview
Semi-structured interview is aimed mainly at stakeholder groups or individuals affected positively or negatively by the Project. Since semi- structured interviews are somewhat random, they are usually conducted randomly during intervals of focus group discussions (FGDs), key informant interviews and the questionnaire survey. Interview questions are related but not limited to the Project, but also include production and living difficulties, and social customs, etc.
Table 4: Summary of workload of semi-structured interviews Minority persons Minority Demonstration Demonstration Total (times) Total involved town town Main subjects and number of semi-structured interviews (minority persons involved / total number)
- PMO staff (10) - Vegetable growers at sunlight greenhouse Dongwan base (7) 26 0 Town - Vegetable brokers (9)
- PMO staff (12/12) - Staff of Qinghe Breeding Co. (0/1)
- Ordinary urban traders - Staff of Kanghui Breeding Co. (0/1) Hongshui (0/15) 55 22 Town - Staff of Dafu Dairy (1/2) - Farmers (9/15) - Ordinary breeders in breeding base (0/9)
- PMO staff (15/15) - Jade processors (3/5)
- Ordinary traders in - Processors of ethnic characteristic products Hongwans integrated bazaar (5/5) 73 40 i Town (2/16) - Displaced households (7/15) - Farmers and herdsmen (8/17)
Total 154 62
4) Key informant interview
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Key informant interview aims mainly to collect key information involved in general interviews or required for SA. The key informant interviews during the fieldwork mainly include:
Table 5: Summary of workload of key informant interviews Minority persons Minority Demonstration Demonstration Total (times) Total involved town town Main subjects and number of key informant interviews (minority persons involved / total number)
- Key PMO staff (3) - Major vegetable growers (3)
- Heads of main - Major vegetable brokers (4) Dongwan competent government 25 0 Town departments (8) - Representatives of vegetable distribution enterprises (1) - Key leaders of relevant communities (6)
- Key PMO members (4/4) - Head of Dafu Dairy (1/1)
- Heads of main - Head of Qinghe Breeding Co. (0/1) competent government Hongshui departments (7/7) - Head of Kanghui Breeding Co. (0/1) 40 21 Town - Typical urban traders - Farmers (4/6) (0/10) - Key leaders of relevant communities - Major breeders (1/4) (4/6)
- Key PMO members (4/4) - Displaced farmers/residents (3/5)
- Heads of main - Farmers and herdsmen (2/2) competent government departments (12/12) - Head of Qilianshan Biology Co. (0/2)
- Typical open-air traders Hongwansi - Head of horse and deer breeding base of integrated bazaar 44 34 Town of Qilianshan Biology Co. (0/1) (2/5) - Head of Tiancheng Food Co. (0/1) - Jade processors (2/3) - Leaders of relevant communities (6/6) - Processors of ethnic characteristic products (3/3)
Total 105 55
5) FGD
This is one of the most important methods for this SA and community participation, including FGDs with vegetable growers, women, stockbreeders and heads of county government departments:
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Table 6: Summary of workload of FGDs Minority persons Minority Demonstration Demonstration Total (times) Total involved town town Main subjects and number of FGDs (minority persons involved / total number)
- County/town PMOs (1) - 3 sample communities (6) ( once in male Dongwan and female groups each, as applies 8 0 Town - Heads of county government hereafter) departments (1)
- County/town PMOs (1/1) - 3 sample communities (4/6) Hongshui 9 8 Town - Heads of functional - Traders in town bazaars (0/1) departments of county government (1/1)
- County/town PMOs (1/1) - 4 sample communities (6/6) Hongwansi 9 9 Town - Heads of functional - Traders in integrated bazaar (1/1) departments of county government (1/1)
Total 26 17
6) Use of participatory rural appraisal (PRA) tools
In view of the objectives of this SA and the socioeconomic profile of the project areas, the PRA tools used this SA mainly include seasonal calendar, daily activity chart, community resource map and SWOT analysis. These tools are usually used in conjunction with such interview methods as semi- structured interview, key informant interview and FGD, including:
- Resource maps of project communities
- Seasonal calendar for sunlight greenhouse vegetable cultivation in Dongwan Town
- Daily activity chart of vegetable growers in Dongwan Town
- Irrigation schedule for agricultural production in Hongshui Town
- Agricultural calendar of Hongshui Town
- SWOT analysis of cattle vs. sheep raising in Hongshui Town
- SWOT analysis of alfalfa cultivation in Hongshui Town
7) Questionnaire survey
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The subjects of the questionnaire survey are mainly farmers, herdsmen and residents directly affected by the Project, and are sampled on a nonprobability basis mainly and in such forms as accidental sampling and cluster sampling (all farmer representatives involved in FGDs should be subjects of the questionnaire survey, while farmer representatives involved in group interviews should include representatives of the rich, the poor, ethnic minorities and women in the community).
Table 7: Summary of basic information of questionnaire survey Ethnic minorities’ Ethnicminorities’ Women’s copiesWomen’s Actually issuedActually Valid copies copies copies Sample community Remarks
Yongle Village 30 28 0 28 Hui people Hongshui Town Jing’an Village 30 26 0 26 Hui people Jiebei Village 25 22 8 0 Longchang Community 70 65 30 48 31 Yugu people, 17 Tibetans Hongwan Community 55 49 22 36 23 Yugu people, 13 Tibetans Hongwansi Town Yuxing Community 55 50 20 39 25 Yugu people, 14 Tibetans Daciyao Village 25 21 0 7 4 Yugu people, 1 Tibetan, 2 Mongolians Total 290 261 80 184
Table 8: Summary of basic information of field survey Number of times involving ethnic Method of Total number Demonstration town and minorities directly and fieldwork of times number of times proportion (%) Dongwan 11 0 0 Field survey 33 Hongshui 16 12 75.0% Hongwansi 6 6 100.0% Dongwan 8 0 0 FGD 26 Hongshui 9 8 88.89% Hongwansi 9 9 100.00% Dongwan 25 0 0 Key informant 97 Hongshui 40 21 52.50% interview Hongwansi 44 34 77.27% Dongwan 26 0 0 Semi-structured 154 Hongshui 55 22 40.00% interview Hongwansi 73 40 54.79% Household Dongwan 103 0 0 questionnaire 364 Hongshui 76 54 71.1% survey Hongwansi 185 130 70.3% Total 674 336 49.85%
Note: See the Appendixes hereto for the detailed process of the fieldwork.
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1.6 Methodology of data analysis
Since the Project involves components of different types in multiple project areas, the data used in this SA are very complex and diversified, including literatures and fieldwork data; and quantitative and qualitative data.
Therefore, from the perspective of empirical methodology and participatory assessment, the data analysis methods used in this SA include the following mainly:
1) Quantitative analysis: using Excel and the SPSS17.0 software for data processing, and presenting data in graphic and other forms
2) Qualitative analysis: converting data into cases for analysis and demonstration
3) Methodological perspectives of research:
a) Comparative analysis: This analysis is focused on the socioeconomic evaluation and input/output analysis of the project design, and the selection and judgment of components, such as the comparative analysis of socioeconomic benefits and risks of cattle vs. sheep in the stockbreeding funding component of Hongshui Town, and the comparative analysis of socioeconomic benefits and risks of alfalfa vs. corn.
b) Inductive analysis: This analysis is used mainly to demonstrate the socioeconomic benefits of the components, and determine the willingness and ability to pay of the target or affected groups of the Project; the basic logic is to sum up attitudes of different samples or stakeholders to a certain issue, thereby obtaining basic findings or conclusions.
c) Deductive analysis: This analysis aims to deduct the possible positive or negative impacts of any component on stakeholders, and to conduct further demonstration and analysis on this basis, such as the impacts of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center in Dongwan Town on the income and behavior pattern of vegetable growers and brokers.
d) Case analysis: The focus is placed on cases related to project activities to explain possible impacts o f the Project on stakeholders and possible risks; case analysis is also an important method of correlation analysis between project scope and socioeconomic benefits.
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e) Logic analysis: This analysis aims to present complex relations among project activities in a simple and clear block diagram. The focus is to present the stakeholder groups involved in each stage of the Project, and possible impacts and risks, and pertinent actions gradually, thereby making a clearer analysis of the Project’s social impacts and risks, and developing pertinent safeguard measures and implementation programs for successful project implementation; f) Stakeholder analysis: This analysis evaluates the role of each group directly or indirectly interested in the Project in project implementation by judging its project impacts, response to the Project and impacts on the Project, thereby judging the interrelations and mutual adaptability between the Project and the stakeholder groups.
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1.7 Technical route of SA
Accepting the assignment of assessment February 2011
Defining objectives of February 25, 2011 assessment
Identifying Adjustment assessment tasks February 28, 2011
Designing the March 1-10, 2011 assessment plan
Fieldwork March 10-30, 2011 Supplementary survey Supplementary
Analyzing survey data April 1-30, 2011
May 25, 2011, including the first drafts of Preparing the first the Social Assessment Report, EMDP, draft Community Participation Handbook and
Appeal Handling Mechanism
Reviewing and modifying the first May 25-30, 2011 draft
Finalizing the assessment report June 20, 2011
Figure 1: Technical route of SA
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2. Background of the Project
2.1 Significance and necessity of the Project
As one of the alternative provinces of the World Bank-funded Integrated Rural Economic Development Demonstration Town Project, Gansu Province has its unique socioeconomic background.
First, Gansu is located in western China, and is typical in terms of overall socioeconomic profile, industry structure, employment structure, urban-rural disparity, urbanization rate and other core indicators of development. Therefore, Gansu is very typical and of great reference value for western China in respect of the Project. In 2009, Gansu’s regional GDP was 338.756 billion Yuan 1, ranking fifth counted backwards among the 31 province-level administrative regions in Mainland China, while per capita GDP was only 12,872 Yuan, ranking second counted backwards. In 2009, the proportion of primary industries of Gansu was 14.7%, ranking eighth in China, and the proportion of population employed in primary industries was 52.6%, ranking fourth in China.
Second, Gansu is one of the regions with the greatest urban-rural disparity in China, where the backward socioeconomic situation in rural areas is one of the main reasons. In 2009, Gansu’s per capita annual consumption was 5,284 Yuan, ranking third counted backwards in China; urban residents’ per capita annual consumption was 10,765 Yuan, ranking seventh counted backwards in China; rural residents’ per capita annual consumption was 2,657 Yuan, ranking third counted backwards in China; and the urban-rural consumption ratio was 4.1, ranking third in China.
Third, small towns in Gansu are relatively backward in general. Accelerating the overall development of small towns is an important impetus to overall balanced regional socioeconomic development, and is a good practice in western China or even similar areas in eastern China. At the end of 2009, there were 1,350 townships in Gansu, with an average resident population of 19,500 only, and the townships in Gannan Prefecture even had an average population of 6,900. A majority of the population is agricultural population. In 2009, among the 86 counties in Gansu, 73 had an agricultural population proportion of over 50%, while only 3 had a proportion of less than 20%.
Fourth, Gansu is very complex and diversified in natural resource endowments, ethnic composition, religious believes, social and cultural
1 The background data of all project areas or affected groups in this report are provided by the PMOs of the demonstration towns unless otherwise specified.
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customs, production mode and lifestyle, which is not only a challenge to the successful implementation of the Project, but also provides the Project with great reference value for similar projects.
Gansu is located at the junction of the Loess Plateau, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Inner Mongolia Plateau, and the junction of the hinterland river dry region, the Qinghai-Tibet high and cold region, and the eastern monsoon region, featuring a narrow shape, complex landforms and greatly varying altitudes. Both plains (e.g, the Hexi Corridor) and mountain areas (e.g., the Loess Plateau hill and gully area, Longnan and Qilian mountain areas, and Gannan plateau area) can be found in Gansu. The special geographic features provides Gansu with weather and land conditions for farming, forestry, stockbreeding and fishery.
There are 55 ethnic groups in Gansu Province. In addition to Han, other major ethnic groups include Hui, Tibetan, Dongxiang, Tu, Manchu, Yugu, Bao’an, Mongolian, Salar and Kazak, of which Yugu, Bao’an and Dongxiang are ethnic groups unique to Gansu. Of the 14 prefecture-level cities and prefectures in Gansu, Linxia and Gannan and ethnic minority autonomous prefectures. There are also 7 ethnic minority autonomous counties in Gansu.
Table 9: National and Gansu data on ethnic group population
Whole country Gansu Province (data Gansu Province (data from the sixth from the fifth (data from 1%
population census population census in sampling population in 2010) 2000) survey in 2005)
Han people (0,000) 122593.26 2292.51 2351.75
Proportion to total population (%) 91.51 91.25 90.74
Ethnic minorities (0,000) 11379.22 219.92 239.97
Proportion to total population (%) 8.49 8.75 9.12
Note: China Statistical Yearbook 2010, Gansu Development Yearbook 2010, website of the State Bureau of Statistics
The Project aims to drive the construction of integrated rural economic development demonstration towns through external intervention, promote the development of surrounding areas, and provide valuable experience or lessons for the integrated economic development of small towns, and the overall balanced regional economic development of whole province or even similar areas in western China.
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2.2 Objectives of the Project
The Project is a World Bank-funded infrastructure construction project approved by the State Council, and was included in the “Plan of Alternative World Bank-funded Projects in the Fiscal Years 2009-2011” (NDRC Foreign Capital [2008] No.1753) in 2008. The Project aims to realize the following objectives:
- Developing town-wide dominant and pillar industries mainly;
- Promoting the infrastructure construction of industrial parks of the demonstration towns;
- Improving the capacity of local transfer of surplus rural labor;
- Increase job opportunities of local farmers, and extending their income sources; and
- Promoting urban-rural integration, and driving the sustainable social, economic and environmental development of the demonstration towns and surrounding areas.
2.3 Duration of project implementation
The preparation work of the Project will be completed by June 2012, and the construction period will be 54 months, from June 2012 to December 2016. The completion of the preliminary identification work of the Project by the World Bank Identification Mission in December 2010 means that the preparation work will begin in January 2011 and end in May 2012. Therefore, the key milestones of the Project are as follows:
1) Preparation stage: Before June 2012;
2) Implementation stage: June 2012-December 2016 (54 months);
3) Operation and maintenance stage: After December 2016
2.4 Expected investment of the Project
The estimated gross investment in the Project is 489.4538 million Yuan (equivalent to US$74.2823 million, where US$1 is equivalent to RMB6.5891), including a World Bank loan of US$50 million (equivalent to 329.455 million
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Yuan), accounting for 67% of the gross investment, and domestic counterpart funds of 159.999 million Yuan (equivalent to US$24.2823 million), accounting for 33% of the gross investment.
2.5 Selection of demonstration towns
Through the overall investigation and review of the characteristics of proposed project activities in the demonstration towns under the Project, and their socioeconomic profile by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the World Bank Identification Mission, and the Gansu Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the criteria and principles for the selection of a demonstration town of the Project mainly include:
1) Such town has comparative advantages in resource endowment, characteristic industry or geographic location over surrounding areas;
2) The proposed components in such town can expand the size of any existing advantaged or characteristic industry, extend the industry chain, and promote employment effectively;
3) The proposed components in such town features high market potential, high competitiveness and intensive resources in terms of industry structure and socioeconomic development, and can avoid random, blind or repeated construction;
4) The proposed components in such town can balance town development with the natural environment and socioeconomic development, and avoid large-scale resource exploitation and destruction;
5) The geographic location of such town is relatively close to the west Longhai-Lanxin economic belt, and is such that it can create an interactive and complementary development pattern between urban and rural areas, and promote the balanced development of urban and rural areas;
6) Such town has a certain financing capacity, good infrastructure, high development potential, and a regional economic promotion role; and
7) Such town is able to repay the World Bank loan in a sustainable manner to ensure sustainable project operation.
According to the above criteria and principles, the relevant municipal development and reform commissions, county development and reform bureaus, and World Bank experts have identified 12 demonstration towns for the Project through careful comparison and screening under the leadership of
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the Gansu Provincial Development and Reform Commission. These towns are:
Table 10: List of demonstration towns in the Project
No. Demonstration town No. Demonstration town
Dongwan Town, JingYuan Shenzi Town, Lingtai County, 1 7 County, Baiyin City Pingliang City
Hongshui Town, Jingtai Dongzhi Town, Xifeng District, 2 8 County, Baiyin City Qingyang City
Ganquan Town, Maiji Dangzhai Town, Ganzhou 3 9 District, Tianshui City District, Zhangye City
Zaojiao Town, Qinzhou Hongwansi Town, Sunan 4 10 District, Tianshui City County, Zhangye City
Meichuan Town, Minxian Huahai Town, Yumen City, 5 11 County, Dingxi City Jiuquan Municipality
Wenfeng Town, Longxi Qili Town, Dunhuang City, 6 12 County, Dingxi City Jiuquan Municipality
Table 11: Key socioeconomic development indicators of some demonstration towns (I) Hongshu Meichua Dongwa n Town Town n n Town Town n Zaojiao i Town Town i Town Town Project town
Land area (km 2) 229.3 320 260 184.02
Number of communities and administrative 10 15 36 29 villages
Population 45000 25541 37528 44303
Proportion of ethnic minorities 0 4.13 1.03 4.1
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Hongshu Meichua Dongwa n Town n Town Zaojiao n Town n Town i Town i Town Town Project town
Agricultural population 40518 19313 26718 1935
Nonagricultural population 3365 6228 5300 42368
Arable area (0,000 mu) 4.46 7.9 10.24 55511
Per capita arable area (mu) 1.1 4.09 3.83 28.69
Regional GDP (00 million Yuan) 7.5 2.14 2.49 1.45
Gross output value of primary industries 3.42 1.32 1.44
Gross output value of secondary industries 3.38 0.6 0.51
Gross output value of tertiary industries 0.7 0.22 0.54
Fiscal revenue (0,000 Yuan) 390 230
Per capita net income of farmers and 3940 3865 2647 2267 herdsmen (Yuan)
Per capita net income of urban residents 3685 2502.62 (Yuan)
Table 12: Key socioeconomic development indicators of some demonstration towns (II) Hongwansi Hongwansi Qili Town Town Qili Dangzhai Dongzhi Dongzhi Huahai Huahai Town Town Town Town Town Town Project town
Land area (km 2) 222.09 76 1233 4011.5 56
Number of communities and 19 20 12 5 7 administrative villages
Population 68413 31000 14575 12434 12174
Proportion of ethnic minorities 0 0 38.22 0 3.79
Agricultural population 55580 30199 4918 12062 12174
Nonagricultural population 12514 801 9040 372
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Hongwansi Hongwansi Qili Town Town Qili Dangzhai Dongzhi Dongzhi Huahai Huahai Town Town Town Town Town Town Project town
Arable area (0,000 mu) 14.1 8.5 1.4 11.43 2.8
Per capita arable area (mu) 2.54 2.81 2.85 9.48 2.3
Regional GDP (00 million Yuan) 22.3 8.94 2.56 6.48 4.68
Gross output value of primary 2.23 2.5 0.75 1.97 1.34 industries
Gross output value of secondary 11.15 2.5 1.2 3.05 1.87 industries
Gross output value of tertiary 8.92 1.4 0.61 1.46 1.47 industries
Fiscal revenue (0,000 Yuan) 4695 270 2150 674 606
Per capita net income of farmers 3580 5172 5607 7595 7085 and herdsmen (Yuan)
Per capita net income of urban 5286 10025 11850 residents (Yuan)
2.6 Overall scope and size of the Project
According to the socioeconomic profile, natural resource endowment, geographic characteristics of the demonstration towns, and the necessity and feasibility of the proposed components, a component selected for each demonstration town must meet the following key criteria:
1) Such component must comply with the provincial strategy for small town development and the town’s master plan;
2) Such component should address the key restraints in the town’s master plan, and eliminate major bottlenecks on the town’s overall economic development;
3) Such component should be focused on the rendering of public products / services or the promotion of private investment;
4) Such component must generate measurable results in promoting urban-rural integration, improving the investment environment,
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increasing income level, creating job opportunities, and improving the quality of life of town residents;
5) Such component must be technically feasible, financially sustainable, and has a scale effect and a good market prospect (based on the present / predicted supply and demand situation);
6) The investment, operation and management of such component must be adequately financially supported;
7) Such component must address the environment, economic and social issues arising from its implementation adequately; and
8) Well-established and feasible institutional arrangements must be in place to implement such component.
Through repeated screening and adjustment based on the above criteria and principles, it has been preliminary determined that components should be focused on the construction of roads and supporting facilities, farmland irrigation, construction of farm and animal product bazaars, and supporting facilities, construction of production bases and supporting facilities of advantaged or dominant industries, extension of fine agricultural and animal breeds and techniques, building of specialized cooperatives, and relevant training and technical assistance, as detailed below:
Table 13: Distribution of project components in demonstration towns Hongwansi TownHongwansi MeichuanTown Dongwan Town Hongshui Town Dangzhai Town Ganquan Town Ganquan WenfengTown Dongzhi Town Dongzhi Zaojiao Zaojiao Town Huahai Town Huahai Shenzi Town Shenzi Qili Town Qili
Component
Construction of roads and supporting facilities √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Farmland irrigation √ √ √
Construction of bazaars and supporting facilities √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Training and technical assistance √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Construction of industrial bases and supporting facilities √ √ √ √ √
Demonstration and extension of fine varieties/breeds and √ techniques
Building of specialized cooperatives √ √
Table 14: Incomplete statistics of main scope of construction and indicators of demonstration towns (I)
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Meichuan Dongwan Hongshui Ganquan Wenfeng Wenfeng Zaojiao Town Town Town Town Town Town Component
Roads (km) 27 3.76 – 49.1 – 4.14
Water supply pipeline (km) 0.65 6.785 – 49.1 – –
Sewer pipeline (km) 0.65 – – – – –
Heating pipeline (km) – – – – – –
Canals (km) 15 – – – – –
Bazaars 1 – – 1 1 –
Transaction shed / hall (m 2) 3600 – – 2000 8325 –
Storage rooms (m 2) 797.1 – – – 3588 –
Air-conditioned / refrigerated / thermostatic / – – 1 1 – – preservation warehouses
Surface hardening (m 2) 4800 – – 3200 – –
Commercial store (m 2) – – – 3000 – –
Garbage collection stations – – – – – –
Public toilets (m 2) 106 – – – – –
Office premises / complex (m 2) 2413.9 – – 2000 900 –
Pumping irrigation works – – 1 1 – –
Specialized cooperatives – – 10 – 5 –
Training (men-times) 8590 2808 20070 6060 – –
Agricultural base construction (mu) – 6000 15150 – 1000 –
Table 15: Incomplete statistics of main scope of construction and indicators of demonstration towns (II) HongwansiTown Dangzhai Town Dangzhai Dongzhi TownDongzhi HuahaiTown Shenzi Town Shenzi Qili Town Qili Total Total Component
Roads (km) 16.58 4.38 17.03 1.849 2.6 3.12 129.559
Water supply pipeline (km) 6.6 – 4.109 0.667 – 4.5 72.411
Sewer pipeline (km) 0.8 – 8.225 2.21 – – 11.885
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Hongwansi Town Dangzhai Town Dangzhai Dongzhi TownDongzhi Huahai Huahai Town Shenzi Town Shenzi Qili Town Qili Total Total Component
Heating pipeline (km) 16.58 – 0.305 0.785 – – 17.67
Canals (km) – – 53 – – 23 91
Bazaars 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Transaction shed / hall (m 2) 1200 3480 1800 1980 6120 – 28505
Storage rooms (m 2) – 972 – – 2160 – 7517.1
Air-conditioned / refrigerated / 2 4 – 2 2 1 13 thermostatic / preservation warehouses
Surface hardening (m 2) 3500 – 5060 1637 – 18197
Commercial store (m 2) – – – – – 1080 4080
Garbage collection stations – – 1 1 – – 2
Public toilets (m 2) – 60 24.78 72.22 – – 263
Office premises / complex (m 2) 300 2016 1531.74 – – 2400 11561.64
Pumping irrigation works – – – – – 2
Specialized cooperatives – – – – – 15
Training (men-times) 4740 1200 15000 333 – – 58801
Agricultural base construction (mu) – – – – – – 22150
2.7 Organizational and management structure of the Project
Depending on the responsibilities and obligations of different stakeholder groups in the Project, the present organizational framework of the Project is as follows:
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Provincial development Provincial Consulting and reform PMO expert team commission Provincial finance finance Provincial department
Other Municipal govern ment Municipal departments development and reform PMO commissions
District/ county District/ county finance bureaus finance county District/ development County and reform PMO Other bureaus government departments
Township Town government PMO s
Admin. villages / communities
Farmers/herd Specialized Specialized Enterprises technicians Residents Traders Brokers smen
Figure 2: Organizational chart of the Project
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3. Socioeconomic Profile of the
Project Areas
3.1 Dongwan Town
3.1.1 Basic information
Dongwan Town, located in east central Gansu province, is in the gully region of the loess plateau upstream the Yellow River, and its average elevation reaches 1000m. The average annual temperature is about 8.9 ℃, the average annual amount of precipitation is 240mm, the annual amount of evaporation reaches 1643mm, the annual frost-free period amounts to 167 days, and the average annual sunshine duration adds up to 2,696 hours. The climate here is generally continental with abundant light, heat and land resources, little rainfall, and prevailing drought and wind. Dongwan Town is 20 km away from JingYuan County and 8 km away from the Yinsanjiao exit of the Liu-Bai Expressway. No. 109 National Highway and Bai-Bao Railway run through the town, and eight villages in the town are distributed along both sides of the No.109 National Highway, making the transportation rather convenient.
Dongwan Town takes on the shape of an irregular rectangle from south to north. Seven of the 10 administrative villages in this town, totally 24km in length, are located along the bank of Yellow River where the terrain is flat enough for gravity irrigation. The other 3 villages are located in valleys where the land is spacious and the groundwater resources are available and good enough for field irrigation or drinking. The total area of the town is 229.3 m 2 and the total area under cultivation reaches 44,600 mu, among which 27,900 mu is for vegetables, 2,025 is for orchard, 2,537 mu is for forests, and 1,088 mu is covered by economic waters. In 2010, there were 9,600 households with 43,783 persons in the whole town, among whom 40,418 were agricultural population, 3,365 were non-agricultural population, 1,477 were floating population, 3,454 enjoyed minimum living security subsidies, and 225 were five-guarantee population. There were no ethnic minorities in the town.
There are complete water facilities in this town. The Yellow River flows through 7 villages, 24 km in total. Jingle Canal, a branch canal for the Yellow River diversion, is the main source of water. Along the bank of Jingle Canal, there are 5 electricity-driven pumping irrigation projects, 3 water supply projects for sunlight greenhouses in winter, and 31 motor-pumped wells.
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Therefore, Dongwan Town has important resource advantage to develop its modern agriculture mainly in the form of sunlight greenhouse vegetable cultivation and summer field vegetable cultivation. Meanwhile, vegetable cultivation, sales and related industries have become the leading industries in Dongwan Town. In 2010, GDP in the town reached RMB 750 million Yuan, among which 342 million Yuan was the output value of the primary industry centering on vegetable industry, and per capita net income of farmers reached 4440 Yuan.Concerning vegetable cultivation, presently there are 20 business associations and cooperative organizations such as vegetable sales cooperatives in Dongwan Town, and there are relevant enterprises devoted to vegetable production, processing and sales and other industrial enterprises, totally 215 enterprises.
With the development of vegetable industry, sunlight greenhouse vegetable cultivation covers an area of 15,000 mu at present in Dongwan Town with a yearly output of about 180 million kilograms. One provincial level dam high-tech garden covering an area of 5,100 mu, three high-quality vegetable nursery stock rapid propagation bases, and four level green vegetable production bases with one thousand mu for each have been established.
3.3.2 Existing development issues
Although Dongwan Town has obvious advantages in terms of natural resources and transportation while developing modern agriculture centering on sunlight greenhouse vegetable cultivation, there still exist many actual difficulties. Issues directly related to the Project are as follows:
1) Dongwan Town mainly focuses on vegetable production, which is the primary stage of the industrial chain, and the development in sales, circulation, and deep product processing are still insufficient. Large- scale comprehensive vegetable sales market hasn’t been formed yet in Dongwan Town, and vegetables are mainly sold by brokers, resulting in short industrial chain, low additional value, disordered management, and imperfect production and marketing system. There are only a few vegetable processing enterprises, and consequently, the space for developing “order agriculture” and “contract agriculture” is limited. Therefore, farmers planting vegetables are faced with huge market risks.
2) Infrastructures for vegetable production still need perfecting. The existing roads to the vegetable production bases are still soft earth roads founded on sandy soil, which affects vegetable transportation and marketing. The channels for gravity irrigation inside the vegetable production bases haven’t been repaired for many years, resulting in narrow cross section, unsmooth drainage, and severe leakage, and consequently, water resources are seriously wasted and the cost of irrigation is high.
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3) Farmers need to further enhance their knowledge in science and technology. At present, vegetable cultivation mainly relies on experience, and farmers are too cautious towards new species and new technology; meanwhile, farmers think little of the problems of pesticide residue during vegetable production, thus frequently causing unnecessary losses.
3.3.3 Main scope of construction
Considering the current status of social and economic development and features of industrial structure in Dongwan Town as well as the existing development issues, and within the capital budget range of the Project, the main scope of construction includes:
1) Road construction: Build vegetable production base road 27 km in 5 administrative villages (Sanhe, Daba, GuaYuan, Nantou and Hongliu Villages) in Dongwan Town. The road will employ level four road standards, the roadbed will be 4.5m wide, and the running lane will be 3.5m wide. Road construction also includes one matching bridge (16 m long), one overflow pavement (20 m long), and 31 culverts. The road construction component will not occupy any farmers’ contracted land, and therefore, does not involve property demolition and resettlement.
2) Canal lining: Do canal lining for 15.0km in the vegetable production bases: 3.6 km is UD40 type, 8.0 km is UD50 type, and 3.4km is UD80 type; build 5 matching water distribution sluice gates.The canal lining project will not occupy any farmers’ contracted land, and therefore, does not involve property demolition and resettlement.
3) Bazaar construction: Build one vegetable trading bazaar, an information detection and integrated service building with an area of 2,413.9 m 2 a trading shed equipped with 100 trading stalls with a total area of 3,600 m 2, a warehouse with an area of 797.1m 2, porter’s lodges, scales room and toilets with an area of 106m 2, road and hardening terraces and parking lots with an area of 4,800 m 2, and water supply and drainage pipeline with a length of 650m; matching detection, information and other public devices and equipment will also be provided. It is predicted that the annual volume of trade in the vegetable bazaar will reach 200,000 tons.
4) Training and technical support: Provide training to farmers, various professional cooperative staff, market trading and operating management staff, and government project management staff for 8,590 person-times in total: 8,260 person-times for farmers and professional cooperative staff, 130 person-times for market operating staff, and 200 person-times for government project management staff.
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Table 16: Areas directly affected by the Dongwan Town subproject and their characteristics If land requisition and If ethnic Scope of the Communities of project property demolition will minorities will be construction implementation be needed directly involved
Road construction Sanhe Village, Daba Village, GuaYuan Village, Nantou No No Village, and Hongliu Village
Canal lining Sanhe Village, Daba Village, GuaYuan Village, and Hongliu No No Village
Construction of Arable land will be vegetable detection occupied, and collective Sanhe Village No and trading bazaar land reallocation will be needed
Training and technical All communities of Dongwan No No support activities Town
3.2 Hongshui Town
3.2.1 Basic information
Named after Hongshui River inside the town, Hongshui Town is located in the middle part of the irrigation area of the Jingdian Project (Phase 2), and it lies in the dry desertification region in central Gansu province. Hongshui Town leads to Lanzhou to the south, Yinchuan to the north, Wuwei to the west, and Tengger Desert to the north, and is the Golden Triangle which connects Gansu, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia. Located in the north-west end of Jingtai County, Hongshui Town is 60 km away from Jingtai County and is the second largest town of the county. The average elevation of the whole town is 1,780 m, and the northeast part is higher than the southwest part. The town has a continental dry climate with an average annual rainfall of 180mm. Lying in the Yellow River Valley, the town has no perennial surface runoff. Northwest wind is prevailing throughout the year with an average annual wind speed of 1.7m/s. The average annual temperature is 8.9 degrees centigrade, frost free period lasts for 178 days, and the maximum thickness of the frozen soil is 98cm.
Hongshui Town, an immigrant town which formed in the early 1990s, has a total area of 320km 2. The total registered cultivated area is 79,000 mu, and the actual cultivated area reaches about 10,000 mu. In 2010, the town had a population of 25,541, among which the number of agricultural population was 19,302, and the number of nonagricultural population was 6,239. The permanent resident population of the township reached 7,168, and 2,751 people enjoyed minimum living security subsidies. The permanent resident
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population of the two Hui villages in the town was 1,055, 184 households in total. Besides Hui people, there were no other ethnic minorities in the town.
Hongshui Town, which is in the arid region on the border of deserts, is rich in land resources. However, irrigation mainly relies on the irrigation project of the Jingdian Project (Phase 2), so field crops such as corn are the main crops cultivated in this town. Poultry farming, which takes cornstalks as the main forage, is also an important source of income for farmers. In 2010, 184,400 heads of sheep were raised in the whole town with an year-end stock of 75,900; 6,500 heads of cattle were raised with a year-end stock of 3,762; 36,500 pigs were raised with a year-end stock of 19,360; and 32,020 chicks were raised with a year-end stock of 16,400. In 2010, the GDP in the whole town reached 214 million Yuan, among which 132 million Yuan, 62% of the total output value of the region, was the output value of the primary industry centering on agriculture and stockbreeding. In 2010, the per capita annual income of farmers was 3,865 Yuan.
There are 15 administrative villages (including two Hui villages) in the whole town, 92 village teams in total. In addition, there are 68 enterprises in the town, most of which are committed to the processing and circulation of farm products and animal products. There are 470 individual traders in the whole town, and about 400 of them are located in the township.
Hongshui Town has a special geographical location because it borders Tengger Desert to the east and north and mountainous areas to the west. It is located in the place where Gansu province, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia connect. Hongshui Town, which is far away from the county town, has a large population and a large area of land. As a matter of fact, Hongshui Town plays the role of a regional center for the northern part of Jingtai County and the surrounding areas, and is the most important trading center for agricultural and animal products as well as the most important information and education center within 25km around Hongshui Town.
3.2.2 Existing development issues
If the irrigated area and volume of irrigation water generally remain unchanged, stable yields of crops can be ensured despite of drought or excessive rain; under the circumstance that other industrial crops are not suitable for cultivation, crop cultivation has no big influence on farmers’ livelihood on the whole. However, although family stockbreeding develops well on the whole, it is also faced with many problems.
1) The existing stockbreeding mainly centers on family breeding with little variety, extensive forage grass model, and low feeding productivity. For example, the annual output of milk of dairy cattle is generally 3 tons, which is far lower than 5-6 tons, the average annual output of milk of dairy cattle in China; beef cattle only has two breeds, yellow cattle and some Luxi yellow cattle, and they cost more to raise but produce less meat; the utilization rate of straws for family animal
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feeding is low, and animals are not raised in different groups according to their weight and size; the technology of fattening and artificial insemination has not been popularized widely, and variety degeneration has happened; family animal feeding does not pay much attention to epidemic prevention, and the sheds are not clean and sanitary.
2) Although a large number of animals are raised, the infrastructure of the local sales bazaar is still imperfect, so the animal products are mainly purchased by the visiting brokers and then sold in other areas, and farmers are lack of right of market bargaining. At present, the main road connecting the production base and the live animal trading bazaar in the circulation base is of low level, and the road is mostly earth road. Meanwhile, the road leading to some administrative villages still have many earth road sections and traffic bottlenecks, so cattle and sheep traders are unwilling to get to the live animal trading bazaar, and most of them choose a shortcut and go to trade in the county town 60 km away. Consequently, traders force prices down when they purchase animal products, and farmers’ income decreases. Because of the little volume of trade in the local area, live animal trading bazaar has to choose butchering trade in the form of fairs. At the present time, the average daily volume of trade is only 50 heads (of cattle and sheep), and less than 30 heads (of cattle and sheep) are butchered every day.
3) The restrictions caused by transportation and infrastructure has to some degree limited the function of Hongshui Town as a regional commercial information exchange and circulation center for agricultural and animal products and agricultural materials, which in turn increases the bazaar trading cost for farmers living around.
3.2.3 Main scope of construction
In consideration of the current social and economic development and features of industrial structure in Hongshui Town as well as the main problems existing in the current development, within the budget range of the Project, the main scope of the construction is developed around stockbreeding development and supply of the required public infrastructure, specifically including:
1) Road works
a) Changlin Road: 1,934.449 m long, 26 m wide, city main road of the third level, two-way, 4 lanes, 12 intersections, one small bridge, rain and sewage pipes, and matching road lamps, greening and transportation project along the road.
b) Taian Road: 1,828.467 m long, 20 m wide, secondary city main road of the third level, two-way, 2 lanes, 12 intersections, one
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small bridge, rain and sewage pipes, and matching road lamps, greening and transportation project along the road.
2) Drainage works: Water supply and drainage pipes of the project will be laid along the road. The total length of the sewage pipe is 5,145 m (2,710 m along Changlin Road and 2,435 m along Taian Road), the total length of the rain connecting pipe is 1,640 m (860 m along Changlin Road and 780 m along Taian Road).
3) Forage base construction and fine breed extension of mutton sheep: Including planting 6,000 mu of fine alfalfa, constructing 200 silos, each with a volume of 50 m3, helping 300 poverty-stricken households, 184 of which are from ethnic minority villages and 116 of which are Han people, to realize economic growth by introducing 900 mutton ewes, 3 for each household, and introducing 140 mutton rams with 140 households as the project matching households.
4) Technical training: Include provincial training 130 person-times, county level training 310 person-times, and town level training 2,359 person-times. The total number of people trained in three years will reach 2,808 person-times.
Table 17: Areas directly affected by the Hongshui Town subproject and their characteristics Communities of If land requisition and If ethnic minorities Scope of the construction project property demolition will will be directly implementation be needed involved
Road works Township of Hongshui No No Town (Taian Village)
Drainage works Township of Hongshui No No Town (Taian Village)
Forage base construction All communities of and fine breed extension of No Yes Hongshui Town mutton sheep
Technical training All communities of No Yes Hongshui Town
3.3 Hongwansi Town
3.3.1 Basic information
Hongwansi Town is the place where the county seat of Sunan County, i.e. Yugu People Autonomous County, is located, and it is in the middle of Hexi
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Corridor, to the north of Qilian Mountain. Hongwansi Town is 650 km long from east to west and 120-200 km wide from north to south, with a total area of 23,800 km 2, and it borders on 15 cities, counties and districts of Gansu and Qinghai provinces. The average elevation is about 3000 m, and the actual elevation decreases from south to north. The town covers an area of 23,887 km 2 in total. The whole town is in the region of cold moist mountainous steppe climate and semiarid climate, with an average annual temperature of 4 ℃ and a frost-free period of 127 days. The average annual rainfall is 350-450 mm, amount of evaporation is 1,828mm, and the average sunshine duration adds up to 2,665 hours.
Hongwansi Town is the political, economical and cultural center of Sunan County, and it is also a town where human resources, agriculture and stockbreeding, and local characteristic industries concentrate in the county. Hongwansi Town is 98 km away from Zhangye City and 53 km away from No. 312 national highway, so the transportation here is rather convenient. The town is 51 km long from east to west and 17-28 km wide from south to north, and has a total area of 1,233 km 2, among which 6.2 million mu is grassland and 14,000 mu is arable land. The township has an area of 5.2 km 2.
The whole town has jurisdiction over 3 communities, which are Hongwan Community, Yuxing Community, and Longchang Community, 9 administrative villages, which are Yingpan Village, Tianqiaowan Village, Huashuwan Village, Longfeng Village, Qingtaizi Village, Duntaizi Village, Baizhuangzi Village, Lamawan Village, and Xiliugou Village, and Daciyao Forage Base. In 2010, the town had a population of 14,575, and 9,005 of them were Han people, 2,731 were Yugu people, 1,758 were Tibetans, 268 were Hui people, 85 were Mongoloid people, and 111 were other ethnic minorities such as Tu people, Baoan people, Dongxiang people, Koreans, and so on. The agricultural population of the town was 4,918 and the nonagricultural population was 9,040. The floating population reached 617, and 1,492 people received minimum living security subsidies.
Stockbreeding and its related industries constitute the leading industries of the town. In 2010, the number of animals raised in the whole town reached 304,841. 289,599 heads of sheep were raised with a stock of 185,354; 12,803 heads of cattle were raised with a stock of 9,218; 1,300 heads of red deer were raised with a stock of 1,000; 1,139 heads of other livestock were raised with a stock of 853.
Currently, three leading industries, i.e. deep processing of red meat, research & development and production of series of health care products made of deer, and comprehensive exploitation and utilization of Qilian Jade and processing of national artware have formed initially. In 2009, GDP in the whole town reached 256 million Yuan, among which 75 million Yuan was the output value of the primary industry, 120 million Yuan was the output value of the secondary industry, and 61 million Yuan was the output value of the tertiary industry. Financial revenue reached 21.5 million Yuan, the annual per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen reached 5,607 Yuan, and the disposable income of urban residents reached 10,025 Yuan.
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3.3.2 Existing development issues
Since Hongwansi Town is located in the remote area around Qilian Mountain, it has a large area with relatively weak comprehensive supporting service function, and the leading industries and characteristic industries develop slowly. The development issues closely related to the Project include:
First, although Hongwansi Town is a major area for stockbreeding, the support facilities for the industrialization and large-scale development, production and processing of animal products are still insufficient, resulting in long turnaround of animal products, low rate of processing and conversion, and slow development of facility stockbreeding. Consequently, the existing production capacity cannot satisfy the production, conversion and market demand of the existing stockbreeding resources.
Second, Qilian Jade processing is a characteristic industry in Hongwansi Town. At present, more than 10 processing workshops have been involved in the industrial development, and about 100 individuals and traders have participated in Qilian jade processing and marketing. They process and sell 2 million tons of Qilian jade every year, and have achieved favorable economic benefit. There is huge potential in market development. However, due to scattered market processing sites, low production capacity, and small scale, the products do not have high additional value, the driving force of market labor employment is weak, and the overall benefit is low, which has restricted the fast development of the characteristic industries.
Third, Hongwansi Town is an important region where Yugu people dwell collectively. However, as modernization proceeds rapidly, protecting the traditional culture of Yugu people from vanishing is becoming more and more difficult and challenging. Therefore, searching for the mode of combining protection and development and combining culture and industry so as to preserve and carry forward the nonmaterial culture of Yugu people has become practical difficulty that all parties are faced with.
Fourth, as the economic, social and cultural centre of Sunan County and its neighboring regions, Hongwansi Town undertakes the role of an exchanging and circulation center for human resources, materials, and information. However, as an important part of market trading and circulation network in the region, the integrated bazaar in the township, with its current extensive open-air business model, cannot satisfy the demands of reality any more.
3.3.2 Main scope of construction
In consideration of the special economic and social background of Hongwansi Town and its feaures in resources and advantages as well as the
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existing major difficulties, and within the capital budget of the Project, the main scope of construction includes:
1) Ancillary infraustructure construction in Qilan Jade Processing Zone
a) Road works: Build new roads for 1.849 km: Kangle Road 0.675 km, West Yuhong Road 0.432 km, and East Yuhong Road 0.742 km.
b) Water supply/drainage and heating works: Lay water supply pipes of 0.667 km, water drainage pipes of 2.21 km, and heating pipes of 0.785 km.
c) Electrical and lighting works: Build two new cable pits, one 50KVA box-type transformer, and one power distribution cabinet, and install electric cable 2,800 m and electric wire 2,800 m. Install 92 street lamps.
d) The Ethnic Characteristic Product Processing and Startup Training Center: Build a two-storey building for the Ethnic Characteristic Product Processing and Startup Training Center. The building will be 60 m long and 17 m wide. Each storey will be 9.75 m high. The floor space will be 1,020 m 2, and the area of structure will be 2,048 m 2.
e) Landscaping works: Do landscaping for 1,000 m 2.
2) Farm product bazaar construction
a) Bazaar works: Build a new two-storey animal product trading hall in Hongwansi Town. The building will be 40 m in length, 30 m in width, 8.1 m in clear height, and have a covered area of 1,980 m 2; build two new refrigerated warehouses, each with a length of 49.5 m, a width of 18.6 m, a height of 4.8-6 m with each one covering area of 920.7 m 2. The machine room will be 19.5 m long, 18.6 m wide, and 6 m high, and have a covered area of 362.7 m 2; the storehouse will be 30 m long, 18.6 m wide, and 4.8 m high, and have a covered area of 558 m 2; the total covered area will be 1,841.4 m 2. Accomplish floor hardening for 1,637 m 2 and landscaping for 1,000 m 2; buy 5 refrigerated trucks and 2 fork trucks.
b) Environmental protection works: Build a new bazaar garbage collection station, which will be 19.4 m long, 7.4 m wide, and 3.6 m high, and will have a covered area of 143.6 m2; build a public toilet, which will be 9.76 m long, 7.4 m wide, and 3.6 m high, and will have a covered area of 72.22 m 2.
3) Technical training: Technical training mainly targets project management staff, technicians, farmers, and herdsmen. Provide
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training to 18 (person-times) project management staff, 15 (person- times) technicians, and 300 (person-times) farmers and herdsmen.
Table 18: Areas directly affected by the Hongwansi Town subproject and their characteristics If land requisition and If ethnic Scope of the Communities of project property demolition minorities will be construction implementation will be needed directly involved
Ancillary infrastructure Longchang Community, construction in Qilan Jade Hongwan Community, No Yes Processing Zone Yuhong Community
Farm product bazaar Longchang Community, Hongwan Community, No Yes Yuhong Community
Science and technology All communities of the whole No Yes training Town
Note: The Project involves no land acquisition and property demolition within the red line
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4. Stakeholder Analysis
4.1 Identification criteria of stakeholders
Directly affected and indirectly affected: Stakeholders can be divided into directly affected groups and indirectly affected groups according to the types of affection. Directly affected groups are the target groups of the Project or the groups directly affected or disturbed by the development of the Project. Indirectly affected groups mainly refer to the groups that indirectly benefit or suffer from the Project. Indirectly affected groups in a broad sense nearly include all the stakeholders in the project areas.
This Assessment only deals with the indirectly affected groups related to the Project, i.e. indirectly affected groups in a narrow sense. Ordinary herdsmen, for example, can hardly have direct access to the refrigerated warehouses to be built by the Project. However, the refrigerated warehouses, once accomplished, will directly affect livestock processing, and then stockbreeding will be affected indirectly. Therefore, ordinary herdsmen are the indirectly affected groups of the construction of the refrigerated warehouses.
Benefit and suffer: According to the ways of being affected by the Project, stakeholders can be divided into three types, benefiting groups, suffering groups, and benefiting and suffering groups. When analyzing benefiting groups and suffering groups, this Assessment mainly focuses on directly affected groups.
Individuals and organizations: According to the scale of the groups affected by the Project, stakeholders can be divided into individuals and organizations. Individuals include vegetable growers, herdsmen, individual traders, etc., and organizations include enterprises, industry associations, etc.
4.2 Key stakeholders
Based on the systematic investigation on the specific contents of the Project and comprehensive assessment of the economic and social development status of the project areas, the main stakeholders involved in the Project and their characteristics are summarized in the following table.
Table 19: Stakeholders involved in the Project Attitude to the Stakeholder Relationship Role in the Project Degree of with the Project influence on Project the Project
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Project the Project
Provincial PMOs Organizer, coordinator, Support Coordination director, and County PMOs Direct decision maker benefit/suffer Executor, Town PMOs implementer, and Positive Coordination director
County-level functional Indirectly Coordinator and Coordination Small departments related funds disburser
Assisting, Direct Coordinating and Affected villages/communities Positive Coordination benefit/suffer safeguarding interests
Indirectly affected Indirect Indirectly affected Support Small villages/communities benefit/suffer groups
Farmers and residents affected Direct by land acquisition and property Worries benefit/suffer Assisting, demolition coordinating and Coordination safeguarding Ordinary farmers, herdsmen and interests groups Support/worries residents
Traders Assisting, Support/worries coordinating and safeguarding Enterprises interests group Direct benefit/suffer Support Industry Assistor, Medium associations/cooperatives cooperator
Assisting, coordinating and Rural brokers Support/worries safeguarding interests group
4.3 Impact and demand analysis of key stakeholders
4.3.1 Provincial PMO
The provincial PMO, established in Gansu Provincial Development and Reform Commission, is the highest provincial coordinating organization of the Project. Meanwhile, Gansu Provincial Development and Reform Commission is also the administrative examination and approval organization of the Project in the province. Therefore, the provincial PMO, which plays an important role in implementing the Project, is crucial to the success of the Project. The provincial PMO also has its own appeals in the Project.
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a) Responsibilities and obligations - The provincial PMO plays a crucial administrative and decisive role in deciding contents of the Project, managing and coordinating funds of the Project, deciding the amount of the supporting funds, and monitoring and assessing the lending plan, project quality and benefit.
- To make sure the Project is successfully implemented is not only the most important goal of the provincial PMO, but also the provincial PMO’ responsibility and commitment to the Gansu provincial government and all the project areas. b) Interactions with the Project - The provincial PMO plays a decisive role in successfully implementing the Project.
- Successful implementation of the Project can prove and affirm the existence value and job performance of the provincial PMO.
- The Project demands that staff of the provincial PMO have high professional qualities; the implementation of the project will play a positive role in enhancing the provincial PMO staff’s professional qualities and management ability and in strengthening the ability of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission in operating and executing World Bank projects. c) Demand - The World Bank shall strengthen its efforts in explaining and propagandizing its policies to the provincial PMO staff so that the provincial PMO can have a better understanding and recognition of the World Bank policies and improve the accuracy in implementing the Project.
4.3.2 County PMOs
County PMOs, which are established in the Development and Reform Commission of the counties, are the highest coordinating and administrative organizations of the Project in various project counties, and they play an important role in the implementation of the Project. Meanwhile, county PMOs also have their own appeals in the Project. a) Responsibilities and obligations - Coordinate the human resources, financial resources, and material resources required by successful implementation of the Project in county level, make overall arrangements about the responsibilities of all the related government functional departments, and fulfill project decision-making and management, supervision and implementation, monitoring and assessment.
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- To make sure the Project is successfully implemented is not only the most important goal of the county PMOs, but also the county PMOs’ responsibility and commitment to the government of the affected counties and all the stakeholders in the project areas. b) Mutual effect - County PMOs have a crucial influence on the successful implementation of the Project.
- Successful implementation of the Project is of great significance to the comprehensive economic and social development of the affected counties, and can also prove and affirm the existence value and job performance of the county PMOs.
- The project implementation process can help staff of county PMOs to improve their ability in project organization, implementation, management, monitoring and assessment. c) Demand - To improve the quantity and quality of the human resources of the county PMOs and to implement necessary capacity building and mechanism construction are important practical requirements of the county PMOs.
4.3.3 Town PMOs
As the most important organization responsible for the execution and implementation of the Project, town PMOs play a crucial role in the success or failure of the Project. Meanwhile, town PMOs also have their own beneficial appeals in the project implementation process. a) Responsibilities and obligations - Town PMOs are responsible for the implementation and coordination of all the critical activities of the subprojects, from project preparation, application, implementation and enforcement, management and supervision to project coordination, complaint handling, and project monitoring and assessment. b) Mutual effect - The Project is of great significance to the overall economic and social development of the affected towns. To ensure successful project implementation is the core objective and the most important responsibility of the town PMOs.
- The affected towns are lack of experience in implementing World Bank projects, short of reserve of human resources familiar with the related policies and demands of World Bank projects, and lack of human resource and technical storage, which is the potential risk that might affect the successful implementation of the Project.
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- Successful implementation of the Project will help to improve the quality of the human resources of town PMOs and perfect the building of related institutions. c) Demand - Conduct knowledge training and capacity building to the staff of town PMOs on the policies and specific requirements related to World Bank projects.
4.3.4 Government functional departments
Government functional departments related to the Project mainly include the county government and its specific functional departments. The county government is the highest responsible unit of the Project in the related county; government functional departments, which mainly include Development and Reform Bureau, Bureau of Finance, Agriculture and Stockbreeding Bureau, Water Resources Bureau, Road Transport Bureau, Poverty Relief Office, Women’s Federation, etc., are the important supporting and assisting organizations. a) Responsibilities and obligations - Under the unified leadership of the county government, government functional departments are responsible to help county PMOs and town PMOs to make overall arrangements about the required local supporting investments of the Project and to provide necessary policy and technical support according to their own advantages; b) Mutual effect - Governments and their functional departments have the power and capability to allocate public financial resources and other economic, political and social resources, and they are also responsible for the administrative supervision and monitoring of the related special fields in the whole town. The active participation of these departments in the Project plays a crucial role in the successful implementation of the Project.
- The Project will directly or indirectly promote the economic and social development of the affected counties, boost the increase of local finance, and meanwhile, play a positive role in improving the professional skills and related demands of the county governments and functional departments in participating in World Bank projects.
4.3.5 Communities
According to the different ways that communities are affected by the Project, communities can be divided into two types, directly affected
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communities and indirectly affected communities. Directly affected communities are shown in the following table:
Table 20: Classification of affected communities in 3 demonstration towns Demonstration Affected Scope of the Project involved town communities
Sanhe Village - The Vegetable Testing & Trading Center will occupy 37 mu of arable land in Sanhe Village; road construction and canal lining inside the vegetable base will pass through Sanhe Village
Daba Village, - Road construction and canal lining inside the vegetable base GuaYuan Village will pass through Daba Village and GuaYuan Village Demonstration town Nantou Village, - Road construction and canal lining inside the vegetable base Hongliu Village will pass through Nantou Village and Hongliu Village
Other communities - Not directly affected by the Project
Yongle Village, - This community is subsidized in high quality mutton sheep Jing’an Village breeding (full coverage), alfalfa cultivation, and silo construction Hongshui Town Taian Village - Bazaar road will be built in the community
Other communities - This community is subsidized in high quality mutton sheep breeding, alfalfa cultivation, and silo construction
Longchang - The Qilian Jade Processing and Trading Center, the Ethnic Community Characteristic Product Processing and Startup Training Center, and the integrated bazaar will be located in the Yuxing Community community Hongwansi Town - - The two refrigerated warehouses subordinate to the integrated bazaar will be built in the community
Other communities - Indirectly affected by the above project items, and directly affected by herdsman training program
Communities affected by the Project play an important role in successfully implementing the Project and realizing the project objectives and their role are manifested in the following aspects: a) Responsibilities and obligations - It’s their responsibility to actively participate in the project implementation and to provide assistance and cooperation so as to realize successful implementation of the Project.
- Directly affected communities will benefit first during project implementation, and indirectly affected communities will also enjoy the same benefit. b) Mutual effect
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- Through improving the infrastructure, perfecting the marketing environment, and enhancing the knowledge and skills of the related groups, the Project can promote the balanced development of economy and society of the affected communities and improve the living conditions of farmers, herdsmen and residents.
- The Project will, to some degree, help to enhance the capability of the affected communities in providing public governance and public service. c) Demand - Make sure the affected communities and farmers can benefit first from the Project.
- Provide necessary inputs, such as training and capability building, to the directly affected farmers so as to improve their livelihood.
- Make sure the rights and interests of the ethnic minorities and other vulnerable groups living in the communities are not impaired, ensure full involvement in the project process, launch fair and square statement disposal, and make sure the communities benefit from the Project.
4.3.6 Ordinary farmers, herdsmen and residents
Due to the different contents of subprojects and the complex economic and social background of the project areas, the influences of the Project on ordinary farmers, herdsmen and residents are not exactly the same in terms of ways and degrees.
Table 21: Summary of affected farmers, herdsmen and residents Dongwan Affected farmers, herdsmen and Impact Degree of Quantity Proportion Town residents mode impact
Dongwan Ordinary vegetable growers 2 Direct 36605 83.61% High Town impact
Non-vegetable growing farmers Indirect 3813 8.71% Low Impact
2In actual distribution, the vegetable growers include summer field vegetable growers which cannot be classified absolutely. The reason is that two types of vegetables are not exactly growing in the same seasons. Therefore, some farmers grow sunshine greenhouse vegetable and field vegetable at the same time. This kind of farmers accounts for 70% of the vegetable growers in Dongwan Town.
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Resident households in the township 3 Indirect 3365 7.69% Low Impact
Farmers in the Hui community 4 Direct 1055 3.99% High impact
Hongshui Farmers in the Han Community 5 Direct 18247 68.93% High Town impact
Resident households in the township Direct 7168 27.08% High impact
Farmers/herdsmen in the grazing Indirect 4290 29.43% Low districts impact Hongwansi Town Farmers, herdsmen and residents in Direct 10285 70.57% High the township impact
Ordinary farmers, herdsmen and residents, whether directly affected or indirectly affected, are the ultimate target groups of the Project. Their responsibilities and obligations, interactions with the Project, and demands mainly include:
a) Responsibilities and obligations
- Actively participate in the project implementation, express their opinions fairly and objectively, assist in perfecting the design of the Project, and involve in project management and supervision;
- Make active use of the facilities and services provided by the Project so as to fully exert the effects of the Project;
- Abide by the operation management and maintenance system of the Project, and actively assist in the follow-up operation management and maintenance work.
b) The impact of the Project on farmers, herdsmen and residents
3The population of urban residents that calculated here includes floating population whose registered permanent residences are not in the town affected by the Project. Therefore, the total population listed in this table is larger than the total households register population of demonstration towns affected by the Project. 4The registered farmers of the two ethnic minorities are 273, among which 53 households are not permanent households in the local, which cannot participate in the implementation of the Project. Some empty households only have registered permanent residence but without people, land and houses, some households with people being in business outside have registered permanent residence and land but without people and land here, and the households permanent reside here with registered permanent residence, people, land, houses are only 184. Therefore, the project households are determined to be 184 and realize benefit of the full coverage. 5As the Project is a demonstrative project instead of poverty relief project, and the farmers in Han communities subsidized by the Project is limited and the poor masses shall be specially considered, therefore, subsidized index of 116 households in Han people villages are mainly poor households, and the it is required that the poor households shall meet the following conditions: (1) belonging to the farmer of Hongshui Town; (2) voluntarily participate in the Project and assume the tasks and self- raised funds stipulated by the Project; (3) being willing to accept project guidance and inspection; (4) being able to engage in certain labor.
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- The Project will reduce the production costs for ordinary vegetable growers in Dongwan Town, improve production efficiency, make it easier for farmers to detect and examine the quality of the vegetables, and enhance the transparency of the sales price of vegetables.
- The project will improve the breed structure of the livestock raised by the farmers in Hongshui Town, increase the number of animals raised, increase the proportion of fine feed in the forage, improve the utilization ratio of the roughage such as straw, boost the technology of drylot feeding for farmers, strengthen the effect of ameliorating the sandy land, and improve the livelihood of the benefited farmers.
- The Project will improve the transportation system for bazaar trading in Hongshui Town and reduce the costs of buying and selling agricultural materials and subsidiary farm products;
- The Project will provide a preferable bazaar trading environment for farmers, herdsmen and residents in Hongwansi Town;
- The Project will boost the development of special industries such as Qilian jade processing and ethnic characteristic product processing and provide more job opportunities for the farmers, herdsmen and residents;
- The construction of the refrigerated warehouses will enhance the capability of processing red meat and red deer products in the township and provide the herdsmen with favorable market environment that can absorb the expansion of stockbreeding;
- During the construction period, the Project will cause certain environmental pollution and environmental risks, which will have negative impact on the farmers, herdsmen and residents living near the construction site;
- Land acquisition and property demolition caused by the Project will directly affect the mode of production and life and means of livelihood of the related farmers, herdsmen and residents. c) Demand
- Make sure the ordinary farmers, herdsmen and residents, particularly the vulnerable groups such as ethnic minorities and women, can fully participate in and benefit from the project implementation and operation management;
- Ensure the construction quality of the Project, and make sure to accept the supervision of ordinary farmers;
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- Make reasonable compensation and resettlement to the ordinary farmers, herdsmen and residents for their losses caused by the project implementation;
- Ordinary farmers, herdsmen and residents, particularly the households affected by land acquisition and property demolish and ethnic minority households or households receiving minimum living security and poverty-stricken households, shall be given priority in obtaining the new jobs created by the construction of the Project and the follow-up operation management;
- Reasonably prevent and control the temporary influences caused by the construction of the Project;
4.3.7 Households affected by land acquisition and property demolition
Within the scope directly affected by the Project, there is no households affected by property demolish in the three demonstration town.
Table 22: Statistics of households affected by land acquisition and property demolition Demonstration Households directly affected by land Households indirectly affected by land town acquisition and property demolish acquisition and property demolish
Dongwan Town 7 0
Hongshui Town 0 0
Hongwansi 0 0 Town
Dongwan Town: The Vegetable Testing & Trading Center will occupy 37 mu of land. It will be built on the basis of the existing open-air vegetable trading bazaar, but will need to occupy another 20 mu of contracted arable land, which will involve 7 farmers in Sanhe Village. Resettlement is planned to be carried out in the way of collective-owned land displacement. Refer to “Community Participation Handbook” for specific displacement and consultation procedures.
Hongwansi Town: The reconstruction of the integrated bazaar will involve temporary resettlement of the existing traders and dismissal of the tenants in the existing bazaar, which will be used as the temporary resettlement site.
2) Bazaar building
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The construction of the farm product bazaar will require temporary resettlement of the existing 27 6regular traders in the integrated bazaar. As the temporary resettlement site for the existing traders, the existing bazaar is now being rent out as warehouse and temporary housing. In total, 8 tenants are involved and need to move out of the existing bazaar. After community consultation, the specific demands mainly include: a) Traders to be resettled: - Provide a temporary trading place during the construction period;
- Provide basic public facilities and public service necessary for normal trading in the temporary trading place, including water, electricity, gas, etc.;
- The temporary trading place during the construction period shall charge no more than the current standard of bazaar operating charges.
- After the new bazaar is accomplished, the existing traders shall enjoy priority in entering the new bazaar;
- After the new bazaar is accomplished, under the condition of same rent, the existing traders shall enjoy the priority of entering and trading in the new bazaar.
- PMOs shall bear the extra cost caused by temporary displacement and resettlement;
- Among the traders to be displaced and resettled, vulnerable groups such as the disabled or the unemployed might not be able to stand the increased operating cost after the new bazaar is accomplished. Therefore, PMOs need to formulate special plans to make sure vulnerable groups also benefit from the Project. b) Tenants to be dismissed in the existing bazaar: - Inform the tenants, at least 3 months before the lease contracts expire, that their lease contracts will not be renewed
- If the lease contract has to be terminated ahead of time, PMOs shall pay liquidated damages and other extra expenses according to the terms of the lease contract.
4.3.8 Traders
Traders (including some professional technicians) are one of the main stakeholders of the Project. Classification of the main traders involved in the Project is given in the following table:
6The traders in intergrated bazaar vary with the seasons. During tourism seasons in summer, when the visitors reach the maximum, traders of different kinds can reach about 100.
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Table 23: Summary of affected traders Demonstration Directly affected traders Number of traders town
Local or non-local vegetable traders No accurate statistics Dongwan Town Traders of other types in the township 309
All traders in the township 470 Hongshui Town Traders related to selling and circulation of farm No accurate statistics products and animal products from other areas
Traders to be temporarily displaced because of the >100 (27 of them are integrated bazaar regular traders)
Processors and distributors of the Qilian jade >100 Hongwansi Town Ethnic characteristic product processors and distributors >30
Traders temporarily affected by the construction of the 135 Project in the township
Although the Project involves different types of traders, the mode and the way that they are affected are not quite different on the whole. For example, in Dongwan, most of the individual traders directly affected by the Project will be vegetable traders, and they will be affected in the following aspects:
a) The Vegetable Testing & Trading Center to be built will provide a place where vegetable traders can purchase massively, which will help to reduce cost and losses of vegetable procurement;
b) Unified testing can ensure vegetable quality and reduce the losses caused by vegetable pesticide residue exceeding the safe limit;
c) After the Project is accomplished, normative vegetable testing and trading processes and open and transparent vegetable prices in the bazaar will help to reduce the trade cost for vegetable purchasers and forwarders.
4.3.9 Enterprises
Since the Project is closely related to the leading industries and regional economic and social development of the demonstration towns, a large number of enterprises will be affected directly or indirectly. The details are as follows:
Table 24: Summary of numbers of affected enterprises and types of impact in demonstration towns
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Total number of Demonstration Representative of directly enterprises of all Impact mode town affected enterprises types in the township
Sunny Vegetable, Melon & Provide refrigerated warehouses to Dongwan Town 215 Fruit Preservation Co. in preserve vegetables JingYuan County
Xueliang Livestock Trading Provide the services of free live Bazaar animals trading, charged butchering, and purchasing
Dafu Dairy Co. Need alfalfa forage
Hongshui Town 68 Kanghui Stockbreeding Co. Provide high-quality breeding sheep of mutton sheep and alfalfa forage demand enterprise
Qinghe Stockbreeding Co. Provide high-quality breeding sheep of mutton sheep and alfalfa forage demand enterprise
Tiancheng Food Co. Take charge of the operation and management of the 1# refrigerated warehouse that is located in the company
Qilianshan Biology Co. Take charge of the construction Hongwansi 148 and management of the 2# Town refrigerated warehouse that is located in the company
Qilian Jade Culture Industry Operate and manage the Qilian Development Co., Ltd. Jade Processing and Trading Bazaar
(1) Dongwan Town Sunny Vegetable, Melon & Fruit Preservation Co. in JingYuan County, which is just adjacent to the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center, mainly provides services of refrigerating and preserving summer vegetables, and it is also the only supplier providing vegetable refrigerating and preserving service in Dongwan Town at the present time.
The implementation of the Project is expected to further accelerate the development of vegetable industry and perfect vegetable trading market in Dongwan Town. Therefore, with the increase of trade volume of vegetables, particularly the increase of production and trade volume of summer vegetables, market demand for vegetable refrigerating and preserving services will also increase, and consequently, the profit of the company will be enhanced on the whole, which is the predicable direct influence of the Project on the company.
The company has crucial influence on the realization of the comprehensive benefit of the Project because the company provides vegetable refrigerating service, which is a key link in summer vegetable refrigeration and transportation.
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It cannot be ignored that the company might monopolize vegetable refrigerating service and deliberately intervene market price (such risks will be elaborated in the next chapter). (2) Hongshui Town Enterprises directly related to the Project in Hongshui Town can be classified into three types: first, enterprises which directly benefit from the bazaar road construction, with Xueliang Livestock Trading Bazaar as a representative; second, enterprises which provide breeding sheep, alfalfa seeds and silo construction materials to the subsidized livestock breeding project, with Kanghui Stockbreeding Co. and Qinghe Stockbreeding Co. as representatives; third, enterprises which act as consumers of farm products and animal products, with Dafu Dairy Co. as a representative.
Because the bazaar road transportation network in Hongshui Town has not totally formed yet, more than 90 percent of the livestock such as cattle and sheet are purchased by dealers (or rural brokers) who purchase livestock door to door and then transport them to the town of Jingtai County where livestock are butchered and processed, and only about 10 percent of the total animals raised are directly transported by farmers to the livestock trading bazaar in Hongshui Town. Construction of the bazaar road will help to improve the local bazaar trading environment. Meanwhile, the improvement of the road transportation network will gradually increase the volume of sales and butchering of livestock such as cattle and sheep in the local bazaar, and consequently, and have a positive influence on Xueliang Livestock Trading Bazaar. In the meantime, the Project will further strengthen the function of Hongshui Town as a regional human resources and logistics center, enlarge its influencing scope around, and help local enterprises to increase profit.
As independent market operating bodies, Kanghui Stockbreeding Co. and Qinghe Stockbreeding Co. mainly provide high-quality breeding sheep and bulls. The Project will directly increase the sales volume of the two companies in the market.
Dafu Dairy is a large consumer of alfalfa. In consideration of the high market price of alfalfa and the farmers’ relatively extensive stockbreeding at present, it is possible for the alfalfa grown by farmers to be circulated and sold in the market in the medium or long run, and alfalfa is an essential ingredient of the fine forage that Dafu Dairy uses to feed dairy cattle. However, all the alfalfa consumed by Dafu Dairy at present is transported from other places. Therefore, the implementation of the Project can directly reduce its expenses on alfalfa and improve enterprise revenue.
On the whole, enterprises directly related to the Project in Hongshui Town have no direct conflict of interest with the Project, and will benefit from the implementation and operation process of the Project directly or indirectly. Therefore, they all maintain a positive attitude towards the Project. (3) Hongwansi Town
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Enterprises directly related to the Project in Hongwansi Town mainly include Tiancheng Food Co., Qilianshan Biology Co., and Qilian Jade Culture Industry Development Co., Ltd.
Tiancheng Food Co. is the largest red meat processing and marketing enterprise in Hongwansi Town, and Qilianshan Biology Co. is the only high- tech enterprise devoted to cultivation and processing of red deer products in the project areas as well as the surrounding areas. The refrigerated warehouses will be built in the two companies, which will also take charge of the operation and management of the refrigerated warehouses after they are accomplished. Such design and arrangement is based on the consideration of the following factors:
a) The two companies are the largest animal product processing and manufacturing enterprises in the project areas, and meanwhile, they are also the important tax payers in the project areas;
b) Deep processing of animal products is currently the major direction of industrial restructuring of the project areas, and the development of the two companies will generate a positive impact in this aspect;
c) Since the project areas are mainly located in the mountain valleys, there is a limited amount of available flat land. The region where the two companies are located is adjacent to the integrated bazaar to be built, so the two companies’ open space can be used as the land for construction of the refrigerated warehouses;
d) The two companies have promised to provide the land for construction of the refrigerated warehouses for free. After the refrigerated warehouses are accomplished, the two companies, as the main users of the refrigerated warehouses, will also take charge of the operation and management of the refrigerated warehouses.
The direct connection of the refrigerated warehouses with enterprises will have a positive influence when the refrigerated warehouses play their role after being constructed. However, as the refrigerated warehouses belong to public property, the issues such as how other market participants use the refrigerated warehouses and how to distribute profits between the companies and the PMOs need to be scientifically and feasibly designed and demonstrated in terms of system design and procedure design.
As a state-controlled company in Sunan County, Qilian Jade Culture Industry Development Co., Ltd. has been authorized to develop and manage the verified Qilian jade mines in Sunan County. The implementation of the Project will help to accelerate and perfect the exploring and marketing environment of Qilian jade industry, increase the company’s profit and enhance its market competitiveness. Meanwhile, the professional and technical advantages of the company will also provide basic assurance for the operation and management of the Qilian Jade Processing Zone.
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However, as the company that operates and manages the Qilian Jade Processing Zone and the only company authorized by the government to participate in and manage Qilian jade processing industry, Qilian Jade Culture Industry Development Co. possesses a monopoly position in Qilian jade processing industry. The monopoly position might be able to further regulate the current status of disordered exploration and irregular and extensive exploitation of Qilian jade, but it will also possibly result in the elimination of many other existing industry participants who fail in the market competition. The irregular market behavior of the company itself might also lead to low utilization rate and fast exhaustion of the nonrenewable Qilian jade resources.
In addition, it is necessary to further regulate the mechanism of profit distribution between the company and the PMOs as well as other industry participants in the operation and management of the Qilian Jade Processing and Trading Center.
4.3.10 Industry associations/cooperatives
The number of formally registered cooperatives or industry associations in different demonstration towns is different. Cooperatives have been fully developed in Dongwan Town because it mainly relies on vegetable industry, livestock cooperatives take the lead in Hongshui Town, and Qilian Jade associations take the lead in Hongwansi Town. The industry associations or cooperative closely related to the scope of the Project are summarized in the following table.
Table 25:Summary of affected industry associations/cooperatives Demonstration The total number of associations or Directly affected industry town cooperatives in the town associations/cooperatives
Dongwan Town 20 Vegetable Distribution Association
Hongshui Town 33 stockbreeding cooperative
Qilian Jade Association
Integrated Bazaar Administration Committee Hongwansi Town 9 Individual Business Association
Animal Product Distribution Association
(1) Dongwan Town Currently, the majority of the 20 cooperatives related to the Project in Dongwan Town are vegetable distribution cooperatives. In general, in each administrative village, there is one or two vegetable distribution cooperatives,
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and the other few cooperatives mainly sell agricultural materials necessary for vegetable production, such as pesticides, fertilizer, seeds, etc.
Most Vegetable Distribution Cooperatives related to the Project are on the whole in shell operation. Members of cooperatives are all vegetable brokers who assume sole responsibility for their own profits or losses. They purchase fresh vegetables from local growers and sell them to vegetable dealers from other places so as to gain the profit of vegetable brokerage provided by vegetable dealers. Even so, the cooperatives which the vegetable brokers belong to will not restrain or take responsibility for the vegetable brokerage.
As such, vegetable cooperatives are actually under loose management, which won’t directly affect the implementation of the Project. Meanwhile, given no major intervention or reform, the implementation of the Project is not expected to affect the status quo of vegetable cooperatives in Dongwan Town.
As site survey and community consultation indicate, the majority of vegetable brokers have so far expressed their wish for the reinforcement of vegetable cooperatives’ construction and standardized operation, so as to truly realize cooperation and sharing of resources and information. Therefore, related training and activities supporting capacity building and system construction are expected during project process.
However, the site survey has also unveiled that among the current cooperatives in Dongwan Town, besides vegetable distribution cooperatives and agricultural material selling cooperatives, cooperatives composed by ordinary vegetable growers haven’t developed and taken shape. Ordinary vegetable growers are one of the target groups of the Project, and more efforts shall be put to the organization of vegetable growers so as to maximize their benefits in the Project and fully exert the positive influence of the Project on the production and marketing of vegetable growers. Further details will be unfolded in the following chapter. (2) Hongshui Town Currently, there are 33 rural cooperatives in Hongshui Town, 1982 members in total. Among the 33 cooperatives, 12 center on crop cultivation and 8 on stockbreeding. 8 of the 33 cooperatives are located within the scope of the town, and the others are distributed in the administrative villages.
Currently, the major service of the cooperatives in Dongwan Town is to provide members with basic market information and relevant technology, but they haven’t played their due role in unified selling and buying of farm products and animal products and agricultural materials. To some extent, the implementation of the Project is expected to positively improve the trading market system and the transportation and logistics system of farm and animal products in Hongshui Town, accelerate the breed improvement, and increase the stockbreeding volume and the livestock volume. On the whole, the project will affect the related cooperatives in a positive way without generating conflicts of interest between the Project and those cooperatives.
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Since Hongshui Town is an important production base of farm products and animal products and a regional exchange center for farm products and animal products and commercial distribution, cooperatives of farmers will play a more critical role in the future economic and social development. Based on site survey and community consultation, more knowledge and skill trainings, building of organizational and administrative institutions and capacity building are expected to be offered during the implementation of the Project. (3) Hongwansi Town Industry organizations or institutions related to the Project in Hongwansi Town include Qilian Jade Processing Association, Integrated Bazaar Administration Committee, Individual Business Association, Animal Product Distribution Association, etc. These organizations are not only the objects directly or indirectly affected by the Project, but also a pivotal social force that facilitates the project implementation, participates in project operation and management, and propels the economic and social benefits of the Project.
Qilian Jade Association, established in December, 2010, is committed to upholding Qilian jade culture, carrying out research, propaganda, and popularization of Qilian jade culture, and stimulating the development and protection of Qilian jade. Seen from the design of the Project, Qilian Jade Association is directly related to the scope of the Project, but it will not directly participate in the project implementation, and therefore, will have no direct conflicts of interest with the Project. In terms of the Project, the association has extended positive supports on the whole, willing to help in all possible ways; meanwhile, the association has also expressed the wish for active participation in operation and management of Qilian Jade Processing and Trading Center after it is accomplished.
Both Individual Business Association and Individual Business Association are extension organizations of administration institutions with certain public administration function, and they have no direct conflicts of interest with the Project and wish to offer assistance and supports in all possible ways to ensure successful implementation of the Project. However, Animal Product Distribution Association has direct correlation with the animal product distribution and immediate interests of the affected herdsmen, including ethnic minorities like Yugu people, Tibetans, and so on.
In addition, as an important subject benefiting from the Project, ethnic characteristic product processors are currently in the stage of decentralized and extensive operation, lacking special organizations representing their interests. Therefore, the Project shall positively propel organization construction for them.
4.3.11 Brokers
Based on the practical situation and the project content of all demonstration towns, the directly involved rural brokers mainly include
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vegetable brokers in Dongwan Town and animal product brokers in Hongshui Town, and the project in Hongwansi Town does not involve any rural brokers.
Table 26: Summary of affected rural brokers Demonstration Brokers directly affected by the Effect town Project
Changes in the way that vegetables are Dongwan Town Vegetable brokers purchased and sold
Animal product brokers (cattle and Changes in the way that animal products Hongshui Town sheep dealers) are purchased and sold
Hongwansi Town Brokers without direct effect None
(1) Dongwan Town There are about 200 vegetable brokers in Dongwan Town, 50 of whom are active brokers, and 20 of whom manage a large-scale business in 7 major vegetable growing villages. Vegetable brokers are central to the current vegetable circulation and distribution market in Dongwan Town, and they also play a vital role in achieving the project target and ensuring successful implementation of the Project.
Vegetable brokers in Dongwan Town mainly serve as a bridge between production and distribution. They purchase vegetables for vegetable dealer from other places and gain commission fee in between. The construction of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center will provide a unified vegetable purchasing site for brokers, and has won the support of both brokers and growers for the following reasons:
a) The present purchasing way (mainly happening right in the field) causes high cost for vegetable brokers;
b) There is no unified vegetable purchasing and distributing bazaars in the project areas, and local vegetable bazaars do not have enough right to set the price. Large local brokers are provided with price monopoly capacity, while the other small brokers cannot inform vegetable growers the price of the day immediately, and they have to tell the vegetable growers the price after 2 or 3 days and delay the payment.
c) Vegetable distribution are scattered in all villages. Brokers mainly purchase in their own villages, which is likely to lead to panic purchase in the peak periods and price squeeze in the off seasons.
d) Testing and open trading of vegetables in the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center will play a significant role in reducing market risks incurred by unqualified vegetables for brokers.
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However, the construction and use of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center can also cause negative effects on vegetable brokers due to the following factors:
a) At present, vegetable brokers generally depend on decentralized purchase and individual operation without high operating cost. Vegetable brokers’ operating cost might be increased because of the increasing operating cost brought by unified market operation after the bazaar is accomplished.
b) At present, there is fierce competition among the numerous vegetable brokers. They mainly purchase vegetable in their own villages, and have their own traditional sphere of influence. Unified market operation in the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center after construction will allow free competition and timely market information, so small brokers will be faced with failure in the competition and elimination from the market.
c) In the medium and long run, free competition and the elimination and integration of vegetable brokers due to free competition will probably cause oligopoly of the few powerful brokers in the vegetable purchasing bazaar and further price control.
According to the site survey and community consultation, brokers’ demands mainly include:
a) Standardize the operation and management of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center to avoid unfair competition;
b) Take into account the affordable range of vegetable brokers and growers while determining the stall fee and management cost;
c) During the operation and management of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center, full consideration shall be given to the participation of the brokers because they are the main market participants. (2) Hongshui Town Rural brokers directly affected by the Project in Hongshui Town mainly purchase farm products and animal products. Currently, there are two modes of marketing for such products: one is that farmers transport products to the integrated bazaar of Hongshui Town, and the other is that purchasers go directly to villages for purchasing. The former mainly focuses on marketing of farm products such as grains, and the latter mainly focuses on the marketing of animal (cattle and sheep) products.
a) First, the transportation of livestock such as cattle and sheep to the bazaar requires special vehicles and high transportation cost. If individual farmers transport their own cattle and sheet to the bazaar, the cost of marketing would be too high. Therefore, purchasers are left with much market room to trade in the villages.
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b) Second, all the roads leading from villages to the trade bazaar in the township have bottlenecks, which increased the cost and difficulty for farmers who transport their livestock to the bazaar.
The Project will help to improve the market environment of farm products and animal products in the project areas, reduce transportation cost, and increase the rate of local circulation and marketing of those products. On the whole, rural brokers do not have any direct conflicts of interest with the Project, and they generally maintain a supportive attitude to the Project.
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5. Social Impact Assessment
Social impact assessment of the Project is aimed to analyze the positive impacts and negative impacts of the Project on the overall socioeconomic development, different stakeholders of the project areas, elaborate the inclusiveness of the Project and the mutual adaptability of the project scope and project areas as well as analyze the comprehensive socioeconomic benefits and risks of the Project.
5.1 Positive economic impacts
5.1.1 Dongwan Town
1) The project scope and relevant planning of project area socioeconomic development have high mutual adaptability.
The medium and long-term development plan or special development plan of Dongwan Town directly related to the Project scope includes:
℃ The 12 th Five-year Plan for Agriculture and Rural Economy Development of JingYuan County
℃ The 12 th Five-year Development Plan for Vegetable Industry of JingYuan County (2011-2015)
℃ The 12 th Five-year Development Plan for National Economy and Social Development of Dongwan Town
℃ The Construction Plan of Dongwan Town as a Demonstration Town for Integrated Economic Development
The 12 th Five-year Development Plan for Vegetable Development of JingYuan County (2011-2015) aims to build 1 national standard vegetable park in Dongwan Town to make production base of plateau summer vegetable. Develop vegetable processing enterprise, explore and push forward the industrial management mode of “enterprise (farmer special cooperative organization) + base + rural households”, establish profit and risk sharing operation mechanism in order to push the industrialization progress of vegetable.
In general, the project scope of Dongwan Town have high mutual adaptability with the medium and long-term socioeconomic development plan, special development plan for vegetable industry of JingYuan County and Dongwan Town, and comply with the current state and medium and long-term demand of regional socioeconomic development.
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2) Improve the field path in the vegetable production base and lower the transportation cost and time
Since most of the sunlight greenhouses are located on the Yellow River bank, the field paths are all sand road. It takes the vegetable growers 15 to 45 minutes to get to the vegetable base from home by bicycle. When the Project is completed, the time spent on getting to the greenhouses by farmers will be reduced to within 15 minutes.
Besides, distribution of greenhouse vegetables are completed in the way that the vegetable brokers drive trucks to the greenhouses to purchase the vegetables. They need to take a detour to the vegetable trading bazaar at Sanhe Village.7 The furthest detour may be more than 15 kilometers. When the Project is completed, the distance from the vegetable base to the Vegetable Trading Bazaar of Sanhe Village will be less than 5 kilometers.
3) Improve the irrigation conditions, reduce irrigation leakage, and increase the irrigation efficiency.
Because of disrepair for long years, most of the irrigation canals have serious leakage problems, and since the soil of arable land of the vegetable base is sandy earth which is of strong water permeability, the leakage rate of the irrigation are over 40%, and some irrigation canals is even higher. After the Project is completed, the leakage rate of the irrigation will be reduced to less than 10%.
4) Improve the bazaar trading system, accelerate the information flow, increase the transparency of bazaar trading.
At present, the vegetable traders are playing the roles of connecting the vegetable grower and the non-local vegetable dealers. And the vegetable dealers could be divided into different levels according to their business scales and business networks. Due to lack of unified pricing, the vegetable purchase prices are often decided by one or two top vegetable brokers, and the final reference prices come from Shandong Shouguang Vegetable trade market. Objectively, the vegetable growers could not know the vegetable prices of the day until two days later.
The establishment of the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center will post the prices of the main vegetable markets all over the country by virtue of instant message and avoid the monopoly of vegetable prices which will favorably form an open competitive environment.
5) Provide the objective possibilities of fine segment distribution of vegetable
Due to lack of Vegetable Testing & Trading Center of full functions, at present, fine segment mode by vegetable quality and grade classifications has not been realized in the distribution of vegetables. The establishment of
7I.e. the small-scale open-air trading bazaar where the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center planed to be built by the Project located is the largest one among many open-air bazaars in Dongwan Town.
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vegetable Testing & Trading Center will enable the realization of the fine segment distribution of vegetables which are unbearable to single vegetable brokers. 8 According to the present distribution mode, the distribution profit is only 50%-60% of the profit of the fine segment distribution.
6) The increase of vegetable production efficiency and the improvement of bazaar distribution will facilitate the expansion of production scale of the vegetable growers and increase their income.
Due to imperfect infrastructure and low utilization rate of machinery, more than 90% of vegetable production labor in the greenhouse is completed manually, such as rolling and unrolling of grass curtain at the beginning and end of each day, greenhouse ventilation, and routine weeding, pesticide spraying, hanging of the plants, hanging of the branches, vegetable picking, irrigation, fertilizing and so on. The improvement of the vegetable production infrastructure by the Project will save time for vegetable growers and gradually expand the degree of production mechanization.
According to the present level of production skills and procedures, a young couple could at most manage 2 greenhouses all the year round. When the road and irrigation conditions of the production base are improved, and if access to electricity is further realized at the production base, and degree of vegetable production mechanization is reinforced, then a young couple could manage three greenhouses all the year round with an increase of 20,000 Yuan income each year.
7) The establishment of the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center will make it possible for the rural households to grow plateau summer vegetables in large scale.
According to the difference of vegetable production modes and planting seasons, at present, vegetable planting in Dongwan Village can be divided into planting of greenhouse vegetables and plateau summer vegetable. The planting time and places of both are quite different.
Greenhouse vegetables belong to anti-season vegetables, and the main planted species are melons, peppers, tomatoes and eggplants. In each greenhouse, two crops of vegetables are planted each year. According to different growing seasons and cycles of the vegetables, there are usually 3 companion planting modes: “melon + pepper; melon + potato; melon + eggplants”, with the growing cycle lasting from the end of September to the end of June of the next year. The specific seasonal calendar for growing are as following:
The growing cycle of plateau summer vegetable is from mid-June to mid- September, mainly planted in field. It has the character of big planting area
8As single vegetable broker has small purchase volume of vegetable at one time, the vegetable volume they purchase at one time cannot meet the volume that can be transported to the outside, which will result in untimely transportation and increased cost. After concentrated in the bazaar, the problem of insufficient volume can be solved though cooperation of many brokers.
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and high yield, but the prices are often one third of the greenhouse vegetables. Because of worrying about the distribution of plateau summer vegetable, the rural households’ willingness to plant is not very high. At present there are 44,600 mu of available arable land in Dongwan Town, in which the actual planting area of vegetable is 27,900 mu, including 15,000 mu of sunlight greenhouse and 12,900 mu of actual vegetable planting field.
It’s anticipated that the implementation of the Project will greatly alleviate the vegetable distribution predicament of Dongwan Town, especially the distribution predicament of summer vegetables. It means that, during the interval of three months between the sunlight greenhouse vegetable cultivation, the vegetable growers could increase the field vegetable planting area and thus increase family income.
Table 27: Seasonal calendar for sunlight greenhouse vegetable cultivation in Dongwan Town September September November December February February October October January August March June June April April May July
Melon
Pepper
Eggplants
Tomato
8) Enhance regional center function of the project town
At present, Dongwan Town is the largest vegetable production town in JingYuan County. But the present vegetable trading are conducted in the simple open-air place. The existing problems mainly include:
- Poor trading environment makes the formation of effective management a big problem and has an adverse effect on normal production and living;
- The information such as the vegetable trading price could not be posted timely, external vegetable dealers, local vegetable brokers, vegetable growers and the supervising department of the government could not form effective symmetry of information. The disconnect of supply and demand information affects the correct decision-making of rural households concerning production and distribution, and meanwhile affects the vegetable dealers and brokers’ correct judgment to market;
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- Without being able to conduct correct testing of the vegetable origin, the vegetable growers, brokers, and dealers are all faced with big market risks, and meanwhile it may have an adverse effect on the overall vegetable quality and market credibility of Dongwan Town.
- When the summer vegetables are marketed in large quantity, since limit number of external vegetable dealers, the vegetable growers have to transport part of the vegetables to the surround farm product bazaars for distribution, which increases the vegetable selling costs and limits the vegetable production scale.
Since the overall large-scale production of vegetable in Dongwan Town, a relatively vegetable broker distribution network has been established. The radius of open-air trading bazaar has exceeded the boundary of the town, with vegetable of surrounding towns converging in Dongwan Town for selling. It's expected that the establishment of the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center will further strength the Dongwan Town’s status as the center of regional vegetable distribution and distribution.
9) The Project will have a positive effect on increasing greenhouse vegetable planting scale and increasing the income of vegetable growers and brokers.
The critical factors affecting the income of vegetable growers come for three aspects: vegetable distribution price, vegetable planting area and vegetable production cost. The implementation of the Project will lower vegetable production cost and labor intensity of vegetable growers; the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center will contribute to the close connection of production base with external market, ensuring the distribution of vegetables to the greatest extent. Under the comprehensive effect of the above conditions, the vegetable growers will have the possibility to expand the greenhouse planting area. The expansion of vegetable planting area will increase the total quantity of commissioned vegetable of vegetable brokers and commission income.
10) Provide new jobs
New jobs the Project provides include temporary jobs and long-term jobs. The former are jobs mainly for project construction, and the latter are jobs mainly for employees of vegetable industry and relevant transportation, dining services, vegetable processing and packaging after the completion of the Project. According to the project design, it's expected that 25 posts for testing, operation, and management and more than 300 posts for bazaar stalls and supporting operation will be provided when the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center is completed.
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5.1.2 Hongshui Town
Hongshui Town is within the scope of the Jingdian (Phase 2) irrigation project. Perfect manual irrigation network system will provide the arable land of the project area with stable yield despite of drought or excessive rain and form a production structure of farming and stockbreeding industry that mainly relies on the mutual supporting of crop farming and livestock breeding industry. The farming industry which is on basis of corn and alfalfa planting will provide grains, feed and forage, and drylot breeding industry takes the cornstalk, alfalfa as the main feed, meanwhile, the sheep manure is a kind of high-quality organic fertilizer that can improve the sandy land and could help increasing the land productivity. The construction of bazaar road will have a positive impact on improving regional market transportation system and trading environment, and help lowering market trading cost of agricultural materials and farm and animal products and enlarge market trading volume.
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Construct silo to Alfalfa planting, to improve improve usage rate of the feed nutrient structure, cornstalk and increases mutton sheep production efficiency. Silo construction, to improve the utilization efficiency of
Distribution of corn kernels Providing self-use and purchase meat and family Take cornstalk as the feed for wheat flour income breeding
Corn Training and science Mutton planting sheep and technology breeding support
Jingdian (Phase 2) Possessing Pumping irrigation Take sheep stools and other farm traditional breeding Project, guaranteeing the manure as the high quality fertilizer to experiences and irrigation needed by improve sandy land so as to increase technical agriculture the output of corn and other crops guarantees
Road construction, to improve the bazaar trading environment, and lower trading costs
Figure 3: Logic relations between the Project and farming and stockbreeding of Hongshui Town
1) The project scope and relevant planning of project area economic and social development have high mutual adaptability.
The development plan of Dongwan Town directly related to the Project scope includes:
℃ The General Plan of Hongshui Town, Jingtai County
℃ The 2 th “Five-Year” Agricultural Development Plan of Jingtai County
℃ The Five-Year Plan of Jingtai County as a Demonstration County for Characteristic Crop Production, Characteristic Stockbreeding, High Water-saving Efficiency and Agricultural Technolog
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℃ The Five-Year Plan of Hongshui Town for Herbivorous Stockbreeding
℃ The 12 th Five-Year Development Plan of Hongshui Town
In general, the project scope of Hongshui Town has high mutual adaptability with the medium and long-term socioeconomic development plan of Jingtai County and Hongshui Town and stockbreeding development plan. The project scope in the development plan for medium and long-term and stockbreeding special development plan complies with the demand of current state and medium and long-term development of regional economic development. For example, Five-Year Plan of Hongshui Town for Herbivorous Stockbreeding requires the full development of grass planting in woodland and garden land, returning reclaimed land to grassland, and wide promotion of alfalfa, and to intensify the utilization of processing techniques such as stalks ensiling so that the stalk utilization rate of the whole town could reach a percentage of above 80%.
2) Alfalfa planting helps improving forage nutrition structure.
At present, most rural households adopt extensive feeding mode. This mode uses cornstalks as the main feed, and properly add corn kernels at the lambing season so as to increase the nutrition intake level of ewes. As the forage containing the highest protein content, though alfalfa has been recognized by nearly all rural households, its utilization amount is still at a low level.
At present, the hay yield of per mu of alfalfa is 1,000 kg in the project area and per mu of alfalfa could breed about 10 sheep reasonably. If calculated in this way, it means that at present 16,000 mu of alfalfa need to be planted for breeding 160,000 heads of sheep annually in Hongshui Town. However, at present, the alfalfa planting area of whole town is only 10,000 mu, and the present deficiency is at least 6,000 mu. Seen from the medium and long run, according to the Five-Year Plan of Hongshui Town for Herbivorous Stockbreeding, the sheep breeding number of the whole town will reach 200,000 heads by 2013, which requires the planting area of alfalfa reaching at least 20,000 mu. In addition to beef cow, dairy cow and other herbivorous stockbreeding, by 2013, the alfalfa planting area of the whole town shall reach 25,000-30,000 mu.
The Project is expected to extend the planting of 6,000 mu of alfalfa. To some extent, this Project facilitates improving forage nutrition structure, and increase breeding efficiency.
3) The fine breed extension of mutton sheep will facilitate improving lambing rate of ewes.
At present, the species of mutton sheep raised by rural households is the hybrid of small-tailed Han sheep and local Tan sheep. Seen from the economic benefits, the local Tan sheep can give birth 1.5 times per year, and the number of lambs per birth is 1-2, if calculated in this way, then each ewe
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could give birth to about 3 lambs each year. The body of small-tailed Han sheep is 125% of that of the local tan sheep. The weight of an adult mutton sheep can reach 35-40 kg. Each ewe could give birth 2-25 times per year, and the number of lambs per birth is 2-3, if calculated in this way, each ewe could give birth to 4-5 lambs each year.
The high-quality mutton sheep the Project intends to extend is small-tailed Han sheep. It will have positive impact on improving breeding benefits of the rural households and increasing the breeding income.
4) Silo construction will facilitate the extension of high efficiency utilization of stalks, and provide the basic guarantee for the medium and long-term development of stockbreeding.
The simple silo the Project intends to extend has rather high promotional values, which are mainly reflected as follows:
- The simple silo is of small volume and low cost. It could meet the demand and affordability of small-scale breeding of rural households. If the volume of the solo is designed to be 50m3, the one-time construction investment shall be 3,000 Yuan, including project subsidies of 1,000 Yuan and self-raising fund of 2,000 Yuan, which is within most rural households’ ability to pay.
- Cornstalks of one mu will turn to 2.5 m3 after silo condensation, so the silo of 50 m3 will be able to hold the cornstalks of 20 mu, meeting the present actual need of most rural households.
- The present livestock rearing mode which directly uses cornstalk is of great waste. Generally, one mu of cornstalk can only guarantee the basic need of 1 ewe. According to the current state and plan of stockbreeding of the project area, 3 or 5 years later, the local cornstalk would no longer be able to meet the development requirement of the breeding industry.
- The cornstalk will be much softer than the dry cornstalks and of better taste after compression and ammoniation in the silo, and the usage efficiency will become 2 times of that of the dry cornstalks. This means that the livestock raising quantity can double under the condition that the corn planting area does not change.
- The Project intends to fund the construction of 200 silos. Since at present the demand of rural households on the silo construction is not urgent, construction index of 200 silos can mostly meet the present demand. Seen from long run, the Project will play a demonstration role and increase the rural households’ willingness to build their own silos.
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5) The implementation of the Project will facilitate improving the distribution mode of farm and animal products and lowering the losses of rural households.
At present, more than 80% of the rural households don’t drive the livestock to the bazaar of Hongshui Town to sell them, instead, the livestock dealers will visit village to buy them. The selling price of a sheep is usually 100-150 Yuan lower than the bazaar price. However, most rural households still choose to wait for the dealers to come to their door and buy the livestock. It’s hopeful that the implementation of the Project will affect or improve the present livestock trading mode of Hongshui Town in the following aspects and lower the losses of rural households in trading process.
- Build the bazaar road, improve the road and transportation network of Hongshui Town, improve the bazaar trading environment and lower the transportation cost of rural households to the bazaar.
- The training and technical services will improve the cultivation and breeding skills of rural households and gradually change the present price-negotiation livestock selling mode;
- Improve the self-organization and coordination capability of the community and farmers and improve the organization degree of farmers going to the bazaar through the community organization and construction of professional organizations.
6) Enhance regional center function of the project town
Because of the special geological position of Hongshui Town, it is now the center of logistics and streams of people, and the most important trading center of farm and animal products and agricultural means of production with the radius of 25 miles as well as the information and education center of the regional scope. However, there are still bottleneck phenomenon in the road network between townships and some communities, communities and communities, and Hongshui Town and the surrounding areas. The implementation of the Project and the 12th five-year traffic development plan of Jingtai County will step by step perfect the road and traffic network of the project area, and enlarge the radius of Hongshui Town as the regional center from 25 kilometers to 30 kilometers with an increase of 20,000 people within the radius.
At present, the township of Hongshui Town has 68 enterprises and about 470 individual businesses. With the expansion of functional radiation area of the Hongshui regional center, the expected turnover of the above enterprises and businesses will increase about 20% on the present basis.
7) Boost the improvement of the regional employment environment
Seen from the short run, the impact of the Project on the regional employment environment is mainly on new project construction jobs during the project construction stage. In the medium and long run, the impact of the
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Project on the regional employment environment will mainly depend on the project’s promotion of regional economic development and expansion of regional center radiation, enlarging the people stream and logistics of Hongshui Town, and boosting the development of market business, service industry and farm and animal product processing industry, and producing new jobs.
5.1.3 Hongwansi Town
Comprehensively considering the socioeconomic background and project scope of Hongwansi Town, the economic impacts of the Project are mainly reflected in the following aspects.
1) The project scope and relevant planning of project area economic and social development have high mutual adaptability.
The project scope has high adaptability with the medium and long-term development plan and relevant special development plans of Sunan County, which meet the current development of the regional economy and requirement for medium and long term development. The relevant plans that are directly related to the project scope include:
The Outline of the 12 th Five-year Plan for National Economy and Social Development of Sunan County (Draft)
The Outline of the 12 th Five-year Plan for National Economy and Social Development of Sunan County (Draft)
The Outline of the 12 th Five-year Plan for National Economy and Social Development of Sunan County (Draft)
The 12 th Five-Year Plan of Sunan County (Draft) proposes to especially support the development of ethnic characteristic products and vigorously develop jade industry relying on the rich Qilian jade resource. Besides, The Outline of 12 th Five-Year Plan for Agriculture and Stockbreeding Development of Sunan County establishes the construction of socialized service system of agriculture and stockbreeding as the development focus. In which, Hongwansi Town is required to plan and construct the agricultural and livestock trading market on the basis of the local leading stockbreeding, and match the trading system with the facilities such as prefect butchering, preservation, refrigerating warehouse and focus on the training of farm and animal product brokers and distribution team.
2) The construction of farm product bazaar will facilitate the improving of bazaar environment
Since the bazaar was built long before, the existing farm product bazaars are all in the open-air. However, since the Qilian mountains in which Hongwansi Town is located is in the northwest high altitude, the lowest
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temperature in winter could lower to 30 ℃ below the zero. Therefore, operation environment in winter is rather severe. Besides, with the improvement of consumption level and consumption taste of people, the farm product bazaar which still take the low-end product distribution as the main operation mode could no longer meet the resident’s demand and farmers and herdsmen on bazaar distribution environment. It’s expected that the implementation of the Project will improve the bazaar operation environment in the following aspects:
- Increase the bazaar business area and number of stalls. At present, there are 27 resident stalls in the bazaar. In the summer tourist seasons, there are about 50 stalls in the bazaar. The new bazaar after rebuilt will adopt the arcade-type multi-level architectural mode, and the bazaar business area will be 4 times that of the existing bazaar and the fixed business stalls will be increased to 100, in addition to the mobile stalls, the bazaar will be able to hold about 150 traders.
- The farm product bazaar after rebuilt will change open-air operation mode, improve the supply of electricity, heating and water and other such infrastructures and provide the traders and consumers with good business environment and shopping environment.
3) The construction of farm product bazaar complies with the actual demand of socioeconomic development.
Hongwansi Town is the administrative and education center of Sunan County. Under the influence of nomad’s settlement project, large numbers of nomads gradually settle down in the township and the radiation area of the town has exceeded 50 kilometers. Meanwhile, Hongshui Town has rich tourism resource and has a large flowing population in the township. The improvement of business area and trading conditions of the comprehensive market complies with the actual need of socioeconomic development. This trend could be seen from that the annual rent of the storefront commercial stalls in the surrounding of the farm product bazaar has surpassed 10,000 Yuan and the leasing price is still in an rapid uptrend increase.
When the construction of the new market is completed, the operation cost of the traders is bound to increase. To some extent, this will result in that some of the traders with low business volume cannot afford the increase of the operation cost. After the bazaar is rebuilt, the indoor operation will be the main mode, and the business volume is expected to increase because of the increased customer flow, and thus the operation cost will be partially offset.
Therefore, upon comprehensive considering, the reconstruction and expansion of the farm product bazaar complies with the actual demand of socioeconomic development of the project area, and to some extent, it will increase the businees volume of the traders, lower the pressure on the traders imposed by operation cost. Therefore, it has high economic adaptability.
4) The construction of refrigerated warehouse will facilitate the expansion of animal product processing capacity.
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The farm product bazaar involves the construction of two refrigerated warehouses, among which the 1# refrigerated warehouse will be located in Tiancheng Food Co. to provide infrastructure for the increase of beef and mutton treating and processing scale; and the 2# refrigerated house will be located in the Qilianshan Biology Co. for the purpose of assisting Qilianshan Biology Co. to increase the processing and developing scale of red deer product.
As per the present production skills, the 1# refrigerated warehouse has a construction scale of 500 tons with a newly increased beef and mutton deep processing capacity of 700 tons, improving the deep processing rate of beef and mutton of the project area from the present 20% to 35%.
The main refrigerated products of the 2# refrigerated warehouse are blood of red deer, cartilage and finished products. At present, the red deer breeding scale in Sunan County is about 4,000 heads, and self-owned refrigerated warehouse of Qilianshan Biology Co. can only meet 50% of the actual demand. There are about 2,000 red deer in the breeding base of Qilianshan Biology Co. It means that the storage capacity of the existing refrigerated warehouse could only meet the the demand of the company itself and could not fully meet the demand of the rural households. Since the 2# refrigerated warehouse has a scale of 500 tons, it will increase the deer blood and cartilage antler treatment capacity of 5,000 heads on the basis of the existing red deer product storage capacity of Qilian Biology Co. and increase the red deer breeding capacity of the whole county to 7000 heads, which means the breeding of another 3,000 heads of red deer could be increased.
5) The construction of the refrigerated warehouse will increase the income of red deer raiser and expand the red deer breeding scale and benefit coverage of red deer raisers.
The 2# refrigerated warehouse will make it possible to increase the breeding scale of 3,000 red deer. The one-time investment for raising one red deer is 10,000 Yuan. If newly increased red deer breeding for each household is no more than 10 heads, in the medium and long run, ideally, at least 300 raisers could be increased. The main economic benefit of red deer raising in the project area is the cartilage and deer blood processing. According to the present market price, the deer raiser could gain 2,500 Yuan/head for selling cartilage and red deer and the life span of each deer is usually from 15 to 18 years. If calculated according to the present prices, the ideal breeding benefits will add up to 37,500 Yuan to 45,000 Yuan in total within the life cycle.
6) The construction of Qilian Jade Processing Area will provide a platform for giving play to the regional resource advantages.
At present, the Qilian jade processing and development within the project area is still at the initial development stage. There are 253 persons taking part in this industry, in which 185 persons are ethnic minorities. The processing is still limited to simple polishing and primary processing in the small-scale workshop mode and the sophisticated processing has not taken shape. Since
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the jade resource is non-renewable scarce resources, we must reasonably exploited and utilized it. For this, the Sunan County Government has formulated strict restriction and regulation on the exploitation and utilization proven Qilian jade vein. At present, the jade that sustains the Qilian jade market are mostly picked from the open field.
The establishment of Qilian Jade Processing Area and skills trainings for relevant workers of jade processing profession are expected to play certain role in regulating and governing the present phenomena of the Qilian jade processing industry such as the rough skills and low threshold for entry, and in no doubt they will have a positive effect on the industry development and resource integration.
7) The innovation and training of ethnic characteristic product will provide a platform for the traditional cultural resource advantages.
As the unique ethnic minority of the project area, the traditional ethnic culture and the distinct ethnic characteristic products of Yugu people are of rich types and numerous diversities. At present, they have become the representative of important intangible cultural heritages of the project area and the important representative of tourist industry of the project area. However, similar to the present development situations of Qilian jade industry, the development of ethnic characteristic product processing industry is in general at a small-scale workshop production mode, and it has relatively simple product types. The traditional skills and modern skills are used at the same time, facing the conflicts and predicament of traditional culture development and protection.
With the gradual expansion of the tourist industry of Sunan County, external industrial products are gradually emerging among the ethnic characteristic products in the market. Due to the complexity of production techniques and procedures and high production cost, the ethnic characteristic products that possess the tradition and characteristics of the local ethnic minorities such as Yugu people and adopt the traditional processes for production are facing the awkward situations that they are being squeezed by external industrial products, the loss of traditional production and processing skills, the professional talents who master the traditional processing skills are gradually diminishing.
A survey shows that at present there are only 112 persons conducting the production and processing of the ethnic characteristic products in the project area, and 98 of them are ethnic minorities. And their products are limited to the ornaments of cow head and sheep head which don’t have complicated production processes. Due to the complicated production process and taking too much time to learn the production skills, there are less than 20 people conducting the production of the traditional costumes of Yugu people such as the head ornaments and embroidery.
The implementation of the Project will in no doubt have positive meaning for the development of ethnic characteristic product processing industry and
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the protection and inheritance of traditional processing skills of ethnic characteristic products. The significance is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
- The establishment of the Ethnic Characteristic Product Innovation and Training center will provide a good platform for the inheritance of traditional production and processing skills and modern skills innovation of the ethnic characteristic products.
- The establishment of the center will gradually regulate the production, processing and distribution of the ethnic characteristic products in the project area and have a positive impact on guaranteeing product quality and improving crafts level.
- The establishment of the center as an inheritance and training base for ethnic characteristic product production skills will ensure the cultivation of relevant professional talents.
- The establishment of the center will urge the industry to go from the present loose small-scale workshop production and distribution mode to scale production and therefore realize scale effects.
8) Enhance regional center function of the project town.
As the economic, political and cultural center of Sunan County, Hongwansi Town itself is one of the important regional centers of Sunan County and Zhangye region. The Project’s impacts on strengthening the status of Hongwansi Town as the regional center mainly depend on the following aspects:
The establishment of Qilian Jade Processing Area will make it the largest Qilian jade concentrated production and processing base of Sunan County and even Zhangye region, forming a radiation limit which includes the whole distribution area of Qilianshan jade vein, with the farthest distance of 500 kilometers.
The Ethnic Characteristic Product Innovation and Startup Training Center will facilitate bringing the traditional cultural heritages of Yugu people into full play, and since Hongwansi Town is located at the critical node of golden tourist route of Zhangye region, if matching with the tourist industry, its radiation range will exceed the present Sunan County and Zhangye region and gradually expand to the entire Gansu province and the north areas of Qinghai.
The farm product bazaar construction component, especially the refrigerated warehouse located in Qilianshan Biology Co. will double the processing capacity of red deer products of Qilianshan Biology Co. on existing foundation, and increase the red deer breeding scale of the project area to 7000 heads. At present, as the only high-tech enterprise that focuses on Qilianshan red deer products, under the present production capacity and technical conditions, the radiation limit of Qilianshan Biology Co. is as far as
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650 kilometers, and the company often goes to Qinghai province to purchase red pasture resources.
Comprehensively considered, in the medium and long run, the implementation of the Project will have positive impact on strengthening the status of Hongwansi Town as the regional center of people stream, logistics, education, medical treatment.
9) Boost the improvement of regional employment environment.
Seen from the short run, the impacts of the Project on the regional employment environment of Hongwansi Town are mainly reflected in two aspects. In the short run, the main impact of the Project is that the project construction will provide a large number of new jobs; in the medium and long run, the new jobs the Project brings for the regional socioeconomic development of Hongwansi Township will be the key point of promoting regional employment environment, including:
- The construction of farm product construction will newly increase above 100 bazaar employees;
- The increase of animal products processing capacity caused by the construction of two refrigerated warehouses will directly bring benefits to the herdsmen of the whole project area, especially the red deer raisers. There might be an increase of 300 new red deer raisers.
- The construction of of the jade processing market will also directly increase above 20 bazaar management, operation and maintenance jobs besides holding about 400-500 workers of jade processing industry in about 200 households.
- The establishment of Ethnic Characteristic Product Innovation and Startup Training Center could hold about 150 workers of the industry and about 10 workers for the operation, maintenance and management of the center.
- Besides, the implementation of the Project will promote the development of the regional socioeconomic development and therefore urge the development of other supporting and service industries. The new jobs created in this way could not be evaluated precisely without no systematic data.
5.2 Ability and willingness to pay
Since the project scope involves providing public products and public services, or required ancillary project supporting activities for the rural households, the implementation, operation, management and maintenance
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will involve payment for purchase of public products and public services and the issues concerning the concrete standard, willingness and ability to pay of farmers for the ancillary activities.
5.2.1 Dongwan Town
The main project scope in Dongwan Town involving the willingness to pay is the entry operation cost into the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center, including stall fees and bazaar management costs. According to the present vegetable purchase and distribution mode, it’s expected that after the completion of the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center, the main traders in the center will mainly be the present vegetable brokers who are presently responsible for the vegetable brokerage. And the stall rents and operation cost collected from the bazaar operating traders shall not exceed the present operation cost of the vegetable brokers.
The field survey shows that, at present, there are about 200 vegetable brokers in the whole town, in which there are about 20 big brokers whose annual operation scale is above 1 million kg, and the rest are all of small scale. This means that the difference between the income of vegetable brokers are rather large. If calculated on the basis of the labor market price of 50Yuan/day within the project area, it means that the average labor price per year is about 20,000 Yuan. If a vegetable broker’s annual income from vegetable brokerage is less than 20,000 Yuan, compared with the pure labor income, a broker’s income has no relative advantages. That is, a vegetable broker must purchase 200,000 kg of vegetables every year to reach the minimum labor price.
According to the forecast, at present, the larger vegetable brokerages with annual vegetable scale of more than 1 million kilograms basically could complete 70% of the total vegetable purchase amount of the whole town, i.e. 4.2 million kg vegetables in greenhouses. It means that averagely the annual vegetable purchase amount of each larger vegetable agent is larger than 2 million kg. Based on the minimum purchase amount of 200,000 kg for each broker, the rest vegetables can only meet the demand of at most 100 small- scale vegetable brokers.
Therefore, it's expected that among the present vegetable brokers of Dongwan Town, only 10% of them have an annual average benefit of 100,000 Yuan, and the average annual benefit of the rest vegetable brokers is ranging from 20,000 to 50,000 Yuan. And the survey of 5 vegetable brokers of Dongwan Town shows that if after the completion of the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center entry operation is needed, then the additional operation cost including bazaar stall fees and overhead cost shall not exceed 10% of the vegetable brokers’ profit, otherwise the vegetable brokers will choose not to move into the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center due to lack of comparative advantage, and keep the present trading mode, i.e. taking their own houses as the operation and trading places.
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To sum up, after the establishment of the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center of Dongwan Town, the vegetable brokers will be the main potential entry trading group. And the willingness to pay the stall fees and overhead cost is at 10,000 Yuan/year at most, and 5000 Yuan/year is the ideal.
5.2.2 Hongshui Town
The project scope of Hongshui Town involving the willingness to pay is mainly the purchase of breeding high-quality mutton sheep and the issues of the supporting standard and limit of funding concerning the silo construction in the rural households breeding funding scheme.
According to the project design of Hongshui Town, the 15 administrative villages of the whole town are all involved in the breeding and silo construction including two pure Hui villages, i.e. Yongle Village and Jingan Village, which belong to full-coverage villages. Considering of the natural resource endowment of the two villages, since the rural households of the two villages has lower level of cultivation and breeding skills and less chances to leave home to work compared with Hongshui Village and other villages, the overall socioeconomic development state of these two villages is at a relatively low level. Therefore, the willingness to pay of these two villages could basically represent the willingness to pay of the relevant rural households of Hongshui Town.
Yongle Village and Jingan Village are established by immigrants of Liujiaxia Reservoir 20 years ago. They basically don’t have any experience in agricultural cultivation before. Since these two Hui Villages moved to Hongshui Town at a rather late time, they could only choose back lands of the north desert of Hongshui Town. At present, the per capita arable land for Yongle Village is 3 mu, and per capita arable land for Jingan Village is 2 mu. The land for the two villages is all improved sandy land of low fertility and high production cost. The income of the two villages is mainly from three aspects, respectively crop cultivation such as corn, sheep raising income and income from working at the nearby coal mines. Seen from the income structure, the income from these three aspects each take up one third of the total income. The annual per capita income of the two villages are around 3,000 Yuan, while the 2010 annual income per capita of farmers in Hongshui Town is 3865 Yuan.
The field survey on the Project to be launched shows that most surveyed rural households are willing to pay for mutton sheep breeding is within 2,000 Yuan, and that for silo construction is within 2,000 Yuan.
Table 28: Survey of ability/willingness to pay of rural households in Hongshui Town Yongle Jingan Jiebei Demonstration town Paid amount Village Village Village
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Under 2,000 83.3% 50% 55.6% Yuan
2000-4000 Yuan 16.7% 20% 11.1% Willingness to pay for breeding 4000-6000Yuan 0 30% 33.3%
Above 6,000 0 0 0
Under 1,000 50% 50% 66.7% Yuan
1000-2000Yuan 41.7% 30% 33.3% Willingness to pay for silo construction 2000-3000Yuan 8.3% 0 0
3000-5000Yuan 0 10% 0
Above 5,000 0 10% 0
In the project design of Hongshui Town, based on the total amount of project funding and farmer’s willingness to pay, it’s formulated that the supporting standard for ewe of mutton sheep is 400 Yuan per head with project funding of 400 Yuan; supporting standard for ram of mutton sheep is 650 Yuan per head with project funding of 650 Yuan per head; the supporting standard for the silo per household is 2,000 Yuan with project funding 1,000 Yuan. As per the project design, based on the standard of raising three heads of ewe of high-quality mutton sheep per household in the two Hui villages, the minimum supporting breeding investment would be 1,200 Yuan per household, which is within the affordable range of the farmers.
5.2.3 Hongwansi Town
According to the concrete features of the project scope of Hongwansi Town, the specific projects that involve willingness to pay mainly include:
a) After the completion of integrated bazaar, move-in traders’ willingness to pay the bazaar stall rent and bazaar operation management expenses;
b) After the completion of Qilian Jade Processing and Trading Center, the move-in traders’ willingness to pay the stall rents and bazaar operation management expenses;
c) After the completion of Ethnic Characteristic Product Innovation and Startup Training Center, the move-in traders’ willingness to pay overheads and expenditures.
Due to the different bazaar function orientation, the move-in traders are also of different types. It’s expected that the clients who will move into the
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integrated bazaar will mainly be the existing bazaar operating traders; move-in traders of Qilian Jade Processing and Trading Center will mainly be workers who conduct Qilian jade processing and trading; the move-in traders of Ethnic Characteristic Product Innovation and Startup Training Center will mainly be the present traders who conduct ethnic characteristic product processing.
Therefore, in this field survey, the fuzzy survey on ordinary farmers, herdsmen and residents’ willingness to pay is first conducted, with moving into the integrated bazaar as the reference assumption. The survey shows that, if the stalls of integrated bazaar are for sale, most of the surveyed households can afford an amount of below 60,000 Yuan, and more than half of the survey households could afford an amount of below 30,000 Yuan. And if the stalls of integrated bazaar are only for rent, the rent most of the surveyed households could afford is below 1,000 Yuan/year.
Table 29: Survey of ability/willingness to pay of farmers, herdsmen and residents in Hongwansi Town Longchang Hongwan Daciyao Demonstration town Paid amount Community Community Village
Under 30,000 55.6% 42.5% 66.7%
30,000- 22.2% 32.5% 33.3% 60,000 Yuan Affordability to buy a bazaar stall 60,000- 100,000 22.2% 25% 0 Yuan
Under 1,000 88.9% 85% 100% Yuan
Affordability to pay the rent of a 1000-3000 11.1% 15% 0 farm product bazaar stall Yuan
3,000-5,000 0 0 0 Yuan
Besides, the assessment group also conducts a survey on the willingness to pay directing at different market type and potential move-in traders. In the survey on open-air traders of integrated bazaar, 60% of the surveyed traders indicate that due to the small population of the project area, large number of stores, they are faced with fierce competition, and the main business scope of the integrated bazaar is the low-end daily necessities, with the surrounding herdsmen as their main customer groups. Therefore, annual income of each stall is only about 15,000 Yuan (when the stall fees are exempted). With the uprising of operation cost, after the completion of the new bazaar, the stall fees and overheads they can afford is no more than 2,000 Yuan/year.
The survey on the workers in Qilian jade processing industry shows that, due to the low level of present Qilian jade processing skills, the whole industry
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is still at an extensive primitive production stage. Therefore, the main income source is the charges for polishing the original stone of jade, instead of high added value benefit of Qilian jade processing product. According to incomplete statistics, there are 253 workers in the Qilian jade processing industry in the project area, in which the larger practitioners have 10 employees with an annual original jade stone processing capacity of 10,000 tons and an annual income of 100,000-200,000 Yuan. The rest are all of the small scales and an annual income of less than 100,000 Yuan.
Since the present production mode of the jade processing workers is scattered operation, rented houses or their own houses are mainly used as the producion premises. The house rent usually takes up around 5% of the annual profit. The survey shows that, after the completion of Qilian jade processing market, if the workers of jade processing industry need to move into the market, the rent and overheads for the stores shall not be higher than 10% of their annual profits, meaning the annual rent shall be around 10,000 Yuan.
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Table 30: Summary of ability/willingness to pay of target groups of the Project Potential Demonstration Scope of the Project content payment Willingness to pay Analysis of affordability town project needs to be paid groups
In the interviews, all vegetable It’s expected that the vegetable brokers with an annual profit brokers indicate that they are above 100,000 Yuan takes up only 10% of the total vegetable Vegetable trading Stall rent and Vegetable willing to move into the bazaar, brokers, and the average annual profit of rest brokers are Dongwan Town bazaar overhead broker but the additional cost shall not between 20,000 and 50,000. There are only willing to pay at be higher than 10% of the most 10,000 Yuan/year as stall fees and bazaar overheads, benefits of vegetable brokers and the ideal cost is 5,000Yuan/year.
Self-financing money All of the surveyed households for purchase of ewe of said they are willing to pay the For high-quality mutton sheep breeding, supporting Mutton sheep high-quality mutton Farmers self-financing part; investment willingness per household is lower than 2,000 breeding sheep and breeding Yuan Hongshui Town sheep
All of the surveyed households For silo construction, supporting investment willingness per Silo popularization Silo construction cost Farmers said they are willing to pay the household is lower than 2,000 Yuan. self-financing part;
Bazaar stall rent and About 100 61.5 of the surveyed objects The annual income for open-air operation stalls is only around Hongwansi Reconstruction of operation move-in show that they are willing to 15,000 Yuan , and the stall rent and overheads the traders can Town integrated bazaar management traders move into the new bazaar afford are no more than 2,000 Yuan/year. expenses
At present there are 253 workers in this industry, with an annual original jade stone processing capacity of about Bazaar stall rent and 10,000 tons, and an annual income of 100,000-200,000 Yuan. Qilian Jade About 200 In the interview, all jade operation The annual income of those practitioners of small scale is less Processing and move-in processing workers are willing to management than 100,000 Yuan. The store rents and overhead they can Trading Center traders move into the new trading market expenses afford shall not be higher than 10% of the annual income, i.e. the annual rent shall not exceed 10,000 Yuan, with the ideal annual rent ranging from 5,000 Yuan-10,000 Yuan.
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The surveyed workers of ethnic This industry is still at the primary stage, and the income of Ethnic Characteristic Bazaar stall rent and About 100 characteristic product processing the workers of this industry is usually around 50,000 Yuan. Product Processing operation move-in industry show that they are willing Only part of the large-scale practitioners could earn an annual and Startup Training management traders to move into the center for income of 100,000 Yuan. Therefore the cost for moving into Center expenses operation the center shall range from 5,000-10,000 Yuan/year.
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5.3 Social impacts
5.3.1 Institutional capacity building
Due to the public character of the Project and the extensiveness, complexity and pluralism of the stakeholders, for the smooth development and implementation of the Project, a project organization system is established with each level of development and reform commission as the main coordinating organ. Considering from the point of project socioeconomic impact, the organization system and the implementation of the Project are interactive.
The organization and coordination capability, resource integration capability and reasonable decision-making and executing capability of the organization system are important guarantee for the smooth development of the Project and realization of expected socioeconomic benefits. Meanwhile, the implementation and management of the Project and resolution of various emerging or potential issues in this process are also important processes for building the organization system.
The results of field assessment show that though the project organization system has been established, it needs supplement and improvement, with the key point including two aspects: one is capability building of the existing organization system, and the other is the supplement and improvement of the existing organization system according to the need of the Project.
The capability building of existing organization system takes PMOs as the main. In addition to the public welfare projects, the project scope of each demonstration project directly involves the direct intervention on specific community or specific groups. Therefore, to organize and coordinate the communities or groups’ full participation in the Project in a better way, and ensure their benefits from the Project, it’s very important to strengthen the construction and capacity building of organization system at the level of communities or specific groups on the basis of existing organization structure.
The survey shows, at present, the organization forms of the three project demonstration towns at the community level or special intervened group level are mainly as follows:
1) The committees of the villages or community committees of the communities: playing important roles in the rural household/resident self-governing, the critical executor in the implementation of each project scope and handing of complaints in the project implementation process. The size of the members and typicality of the two village committees and community committees of the community shall be further enlarged to represent more extensive interest of farmers and
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residents at the community level, especially the interest of the ethnic minorities, poor households, woman and such vulnerable groups. Therefore, the Project propose to establish community project implementation committee of more extensive typicality on the basis of two committees of the villages or community committees of the communities. See the annex of Community Participation Handbook for concrete methods and requirements.
2) Professional association/cooperative: In addition to contribute to the smooth implementation of the Project, and ensure the special interest groups’ benefit in the Project, it shall also: 1) strengthen the construction of existing professional associations/cooperatives, such as Hongwansi Town Qilian Jade Association, Dongwan Town Vegetable Distribution Association; 2) establish new professional associations/cooperatives as per actual needs, such as Hongwansi Town Ethnic Characteristic Product Processing Industry Association, Dongwan Town Vegetable Grower Association and so on. The capacity building of the professional associations/cooperatives will contribute to bring industry specialties of these organizations into full play, and make these organizations important intervened objects of the Project and important participant of the implementation, management and maintenance of the Project.
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Table 31:Summary of institutional capacity building activities Form of Organization Main functions and extended functions Recommendation participation
Two committees of the - Mobilize and implement the project activities Directly participate in village/ community - Strengthen the organization capability building in terms of leading and committee of the procurement and financial management coordination communities - Coordinate disputes and complaints
- It’s suggested to establish 15 community project implementation committees for the administrative village/community in Hongshui Town according to the features of project activities;
- Assist the town PMOs to unfold community project Directly participate in - Establish 3 township communities that will be Project Implementation preparation, including community mobilization, community implementation and directly affected by the construction and implementation of Committee negotiation, project implementation and supervision coordination the Project, and implementation committee and implementation groups for refrigerated warehouse projects of the Huicheng Grassland Co. and Qilian red deer industry;
- Establish a project implementation committee for the 5 administrative villages.
- Assist the operation and management of vegetable trading bazaar, and assist the regulation of operation of association members and other workers of this industry. - Strengthen the support and building efforts on the 20 - Assist the PMOs to unfold the training of professional Unite vegetable existing vegetable associations in Dongwan Town, Vegetable cooperative workers and provide training services agent to participate specially support 1-2 vegetable associations in each village directly and make them play important roles. - Solicit or collect the opinions, suggestions or complaints of the association members and industry practitioners and assist the project and relevant responsible departments to conduct complaint handling.
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Form of Organization Main functions and extended functions Recommendation participation
- Assist the PMOs to find out the number and distribution and such basic information of Qilian jade processing and trading workers, assist them to launch community mobilization and negotiation with the workers, master their main demand and predicament, and find out their willingness to move into the Qilian jade processing and trading area. - Strengthen the support and building efforts on the - Assist the management of Qilian jade processing and Unite the jade Hongwansi Town jade processing association, and bring it Jade processing trading area, and assist the regulation of association members processing to full play in the operation and management of Qijian jade associations and other workers’ operational behaviors. households to processing area, standardized management of workers in participate directly Qilian jade processing industry, skill trainings of workers - Assist the PMOs to launch training of professional and intensive processing of Qilian jade. workers for Qilian jade processing industry and provide training services.
- Solicit or collect the opinions, suggestions or complaints of the association members and industry practitioners and assist the project and relevant responsible departments to conduct complaint handling.
- Assist the operation and management of the bazaar, strengthen the internal information exchanges and communications. Unite vegetable - There are no active entities right now. It’s suggested to Association of - Assist the Project to launch the skills training of growers to participate organize entities as soon as possible according to the vegetable growers agricultural workers and provide training services. directly actual situations of Dongwan Town. - Solicit and collect the relevant comments, suggestions and complaints related to the Project and assist the PMOs and relevant authorities in handling and solving the problems.
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Form of Organization Main functions and extended functions Recommendation participation
- At present, there are training programs and relevant - Train implementing bodies, carry out the training contents of organization and implementing organizations under each Training organizations the year according to the training plan of corresponding Direct participation department. It’s suggested to greatly mobilize and utilize government departments. this part of forces in the project implementation process.
- Assist the PMOs to launch the survey on traders of integrated bazaar, solicit and collect the number, type and extent of the effects of the directly affected traders, acceptable loss compensation method and their willingness to move into the new integrated bazaar and the rent limit they could afford. - At present, the Individual Business Association is an civil organization attached to the industry and commerce - Assist the management committee of the integrated department, representing the individual businesses. But it bazaar to develop the operation and management of the has not play a big role due to the incomplete construction Individual Business bazaar and assist in regulating the operational behaviors of the of the organizational structure and system Direct participation Association association members and bazaar traders. - It’s suggested to support its building and full play of its - Assist the Project to launch the skills training for the functions after the implementation of the project, and bazaar employees and provide training services. equally admit all bazaar traders, especially the small traders and ethnic minority traders. - Solicit and collect the comments, suggestions and complaints of association members, other bazaar workers and traders, and assist PMOs and relevant authorities to handle and solve the problems.
- Assist in transforming the training forms, and launch the trainings with exchanging experiences that are suitable to the local situations. - At present, the organized activities of agriculture elites Agricultural elites Direct participation haven’t taken shape. It's suggested for it to bring the power - Solicit and collect relevant demands, comments and of the groups into full play in project training. suggestions concerning the project training of rural households affected by the Project, and assist the PMOs to further improve the training quality.
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5.3.2 Capacity building of affected groups
In addition to enable the stakeholder group of the Project to gain direct economic benefits, through the implementation of the Project, the capability building of the stakeholder groups will have a long-term potential social impact. According to investment design of the relevant training and capability building of the demonstration towns, the main capability building subjects include project managers, professional technicians and ordinary farmers and herdsmen. The emphasis of the capability building contents will vary according to the different objects.
The training of project manager emphasizes the understanding of the project scope and ideas, the familiarity with the project implementation process and requirements, and training of organization and coordination skills and capabilities in the organization of project implementation.
The training contents for professional technicians such as ethnic characteristic product processing workers, Qilian jade processing workers and vegetable brokers, emphasize the mastery of professional techniques, and bazaar management and marketing skills.
The training for ordinary farmers and the main contents of capability construction are directly connected to the production and life style of different groups, mainly including cultivation and breeding skills, relevant laws and regulations and policies, procedures and requirements for participating in the Project.
Table 32:Impact analysis of the training component Project town Training programs Expected training effect Impact - 400 person-time of training, - Training for project involved training contents - Improve the management managers including: project ability of the project - Training for Hongwansi management, project participants professional Town operation of backbone of - Improve the popularization of technicians technicians, popularization of practical skills of farmers and - Training for farmers practical skills for farmers and herdsmen and herdsmen herdsmen. - Improve the management - Training for project - 8590 person-time of training, ability of the project managers involved training contents participants - Applicable including: training for farmer Dongwan - Improve the planting technology training skills, training for trading Town technology of farmers for farmers bazaar operation and - Improve the market - Training for rural management and training for participating abilities of brokers government project managers farmers and brokers - Improve the management - 2618 person-times of training, ability of the project - Training for project involved training contents participants managers Hongshui include: technical cultivation - Improve the planting - Applicable Town and breeding of herbivorous technology of farmers technology training stockbreeding, project - Improve the market for farmers management and services. participating abilities of farmers and brokers
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5.3.3 Impacts on community management and decision- making capacity
The direct impact of the Project on communities include the following forms: the participation of the communities involved by road and canal construction of Dongwan Town in the facility operation and maintenance; rural households in Hongshui Town directly obtained funds from the mutton sheep, silo construction and alfalfa cultivation project and the responsibilities for the management and operation of the project at the community level; active participation and passive participation in the Project by the communities in Hongwansi Town which are affected by land acquisition and property demolition.
The process of deciding the project resource allocation plan at the community level through public negotiation is an important link in embodying the public community participation and meanwhile a process to form the public affairs management and decision-making procedures and system jointly accredited by the communities. Meanwhile, the successful implementation of these procedures will contribute to enhancing overall social capital of the community, increasing the rural households’ initiative in participating in the Project.
It should also be noted that failure to achieve an consensus in negotiation might emerge in the process of direct intervention and community participation at the community level due to imbalanced profit distribution, resulting in the risk of group separation or conflict within the community. Therefore, the processes, methods and relevant requirements of community participation shall be implemented according to the annex of Community Participation Handbook.
5.3.4 Religious and cultural impacts
(1) Dongwan Town
In the three demonstration towns of the Project, Dongwan Town does not involve ethnic minorities. The traditional religious belief of the people in the project area is Buddhism, having no mutual impacts with the Project.
The project scope is closely related with the leading industries and the people’s life in the project area. The project scope and project design don’t involve the local social customs and cultural taboos.
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(2) Hongshui Town
The farmers in the two Hui villages believe in Islam and the Han farmers have no obvious religious beliefs. The public affairs management and decision-making in Hui communities mainly adopt the method of “villager autonomy and matter-by-matter discussion” under the leadership of the village party branch. The religious force, which takes the religious leader Imam as the representative, are only responsible for religious rites and organization and promotion of religious activities, taking no part in the community public affairs management and decision making.
But in the project implementation process, the religious leader imam shall be invited to participate in the important decision-making and actions at the community level, and his comments shall be fully solicited.
In general, the project scope does not conflict with the religious belief of Hui people, but in the project implementation process, the concrete methods and behaviors of project managers and executors shall fully respect the social customs and religious taboos of the Hui people.
(3) Hongwansi Town
The affected shareholders of Hongwansi Town are of complicated ethnic composition and diverse production and life methods. But their religious beliefs are relatively simple. The main ethnic minorities such as Yugu people and Tibetans believe in Tibetan Buddhism, small part of Hui people believe in Islam, and part of the Han people also believe in Tibetan Buddhism under the influence of dense local Buddhist atmosphere.
The project scope focuses on improving industry development and bazaar environment. In general it has no mutual impact with the religious believes and cultural taboos of the local people, and meanwhile, it will impose no impacts on any religious facilities and religious places.
Since the project scope involves the construction of Ethnic Characteristic Product Processing & Startup Training Center, it mainly involves the production, processing of ethnic characteristic product of Yugu People and Tibetans and inheritance, protection and development of traditional crafts. Though the project itself has no conflicts with the traditional religious beliefs and cultural customs, due to the close relations, the design of the center shall full take into consideration of the traditional cultures and architectural styles of Yugu people and other such ethnic minorities so as to make it a realistic representation of the traditional cultural elements of Yugu people and other such ethnic minorities.
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5.3.5 Social gender impact analysis
(1) Dongwan Town
The project scope of Dongwan Town is closely related to vegetable industry. Through the observation of labor division in the process of vegetable cultivation mainly in sunlight greenhouse and distribution, it’s found that the women play an important role in the whole process. The project implementation process shall fully integrate the comments of women, and the project training shall design a special training scheme for women on the basis of training content differences.
Table 33: Division of labor by gender in the production process of sunlight greenhouse vegetable cultivation Proportion of gender division of labor Production, living and project activities Male Female
Land preparation 70% 30%
Purchase seeds, pesticides, fertilizer, agricultural film and etc. production 90% 10% materials
Sowing, weeding, spraying pesticides, hanging the plants, handing the 20% 80% branches, picking vegetables, irrigation and fertilization
Rolling and unrolling grass curtain 60% 40%
Checking the temperature in the greenhouse, opening and closing the 20% 80% vent
Vegetable distribution 80% 20%
(2) Hongshui Town
The project in Hongshui Town affects both Hui people and Han people. The survey shows that there is huge difference between the labor division of social gender and gender equality in the production and life of Han people and Hui people.
The production division of the male and female of Hui people and Han people are similar. In general, men play the key role in the society while women are confined to the family chores. But the labor division of women and men in Han community with respect to production labor and family affairs is relatively more even. Women of Han people has a larger participation space in public affair management and decision-making of the community. And in the decision-making of family affairs, women of Han people has a higher say and decision-making right.
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Table 34: Division of labor by gender in Hui communities directly affected by the Project Proportion of gender division of Proportion of gender division of Production, living and project labor of Han people labor of Han people activities Male Female Male Female
1 Sheep raising (in pens) 30% 70% 50% 50%
1.1 Feed 20% 80% 40% 60%
1.2 Daily management 20% 80% 30% 70%
1.3 Sheep shearing 50% 50% 50% 50%
1.4 Sales of mutton and wool 80% 20% 80% 20%
1.5 Purchase of breeding sheep 80% 20% 80% 20%
2 Agricultural cultivation 50% 50% 50% 50% s1.1 Soil preparation 70% 30% 70% 30%
1.2 Applying fertilizer 50% 50% 50% 50%
1.3 Seed sowing 30% 70% 30% 70%
1.4 Irrigation 70% 30% 70% 30%
1.4 Harvest 50% 50% 50% 50%
1.5 Selling 80% 20% 80% 20%
1.6 Purchase of agricultural 80% 20% 80% 20% means of production
3 Work for others 100% 0 60% 40%
4 Housework 20% 80% 30% 70%
5 Management and decision- 80% 20% 60% 40% making of family matters
6 Management and decision- 100% 0 60% 40% making of public affairs
The labor division of social gender in Han and Hui communities with respect to production and life style as well as management of public affairs shows that though women in general belong to the vulnerable groups, their practical role and function in the socioeconomic development and production and life are critical, therefore, women’s role and function in the design of project implementation and execution shall be given plenty of consideration in order to guarantee the realization of project objectives and effects. Among which, the women’s role and functions in family stockbreeding are very critical in Hui community, but their participation in the public affairs and public
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activities are rather low. From the point of ensuring the smooth implementation of the project and increasing women’s livestock breeding skills and capability, the training of cultivation and livestock breeding skills directing at the households in Hui communities shall especially stress women's participation in the process.
(3) Hongwansi Town
The labor division of social labor and social gender relation of directly affected farmers, herdsmen and residents in Hongwansi Town is the most complicated among the three demonstration towns. In addition to multiple nationality types, it is also related to the huge differences of the affected group’s production and life mode and the industries they work in.
But seen from the affected groups of Hongwansi Town, due to the similarities of production and life mode in the same type of groups, the gender division of labor of Han people and the ethnic minorities such as Yugu people and Tibetans with respect to production and life are not big, but women of Han people have a larger participation right and say in family decision-making and public affairs participation.
Table 35:Division of labor by gender of affected farmers, herdsmen and residents in Hongwansi Town Gender division of labor Proportion of gender of Yugu people and division of labor of Han Production, living and Type Tibetans people project activities Male Female Male Female
Jade processing 90% 10% 70% 30%
Ethnic characteristic 50% 50% 50% 50% product processing
Market individual 30% 70% 30% 70% operation
Processing and Residents of distribution of farm and 70% 30% 70% 30% the township animal products
Housework 20% 80% 30% 70%
Family matter decision- 70% 30% 60% 40% making
Public affairs decision- 70% 30% 60% 40% making
Herdsmen in Stockbreeding 80% 20% 70% 30% the township Animal product 90% 10% 80% 20% distribution
Housework 10% 90% 30% 70%
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Caring for the old. 20% 80% 30% 70%
Family matter decision- 70% 30% 60% 40% making
Public affairs decision- 80% 20% 60% 40% making
Stockbreeding 70% 30% 70% 30%
Animal product 80% 20% 80% 20% distribution Herdsmen in Housework 20% 80% 20% 80% the pasturing area Family matter decision- 80% 20% 70% 30% making
Public affairs decision- 90% 10% 70% 30% making
To sum up, the gender division of labor between the Han people and the ethnic minorities such as the Yugu people or Tibetans in general are not big, both presenting the pattern of “men play the key role in the society while women are confined to the family chores”. But in the project scope directly related to this Project, women's role and function are very important or very critical, for example, in the ethnic characteristic product processing, the women’s participation rate and employment rate are very high. This means in the process of the Project, we need not only to reinforce the women’s participation in the Project but also design specific women participation scheme and implementation plan for training and capability building.
5.4 Environmental impacts
Due to the pluralism and complexity of the project scope, different project in different demonstration town will produce different environmental impacts. According to the categories and effects of environmental impacts, the environmental impacts in general include positive impacts and negative impacts. This part will focus on the positive impact at environment level, and the negative impact will be elaborated in details at the section of environmental risks of the Project.
5.4.1 Dongwan Town
The positive impacts of the project scope of Dongwan Town mainly lay in the improvement of infrastructure construction and market system and
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facilitating the improvement of macro environment for vegetable production and distribution in the project area.
For the individual rural households, the Project helps to lower unit labor intensity and increase productivity. Meanwhile, the implementation of the Project is expected to have a positive impact on increasing the family income of rural households, and thus play a expected role in improving the family living environment.
5.4.2 Hongshui Town
According to the project scope of Hongshui Town and socioeconomic and resource state within the project area, the positive environmental impacts of the Project are mainly reflected as follows:
First, the road construction will improve the traffic environment of the whole town, perfect the bazaar trading environment. It’s expected to produce positive impacts.
Second, the implementation of aid scheme for the high-quality mutton sheep breeding will increase the family income, improve the family living environment and meanwhile, the sheep manure is a high-quality farmyard manure that has good effects in improving desertification.
Third, alfalfa cultivation will have the same positive impact on improving sandy land. Since the alfalfa is a kind of perennial forage plants, one planting will produce 3-4 years harvests. This feature of alfalfa cultivation will impose a good soil improving effect on desertification arable land. Meanwhile, it is also expected to have a positive impact on improving the whole ecological environment of the project area.
5.4.3 Hongwansi Town
In consideration of the features of Hongwansi Town project scope, the positive environmental impacts of the project area mainly reflected in the following aspects:
First, improve the bazaar business environment. One of the important purpose for rebuilding the farm product bazaar is to change the present open- air business mode, reduce the sufferings of traders caused by open-air business mode, especially preventing the health damage the severe environment will bring upon the traders. Meanwhile, the improvement of bazaar business environment will benefit the shoppers and increase the market customers flow and the income of customers.
Second, the living environment of the households affected by land acquisition and property demolition will also get great improvement. At
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present, the houses in the land acquisition area are generally 25-30 years old, and some houses have the problem of leakage due to long-year disrepair. And due to lack of overall planning, the entire environment is rather messy. The implementation of the Project, will greatly improve the entire living environment of farmers, herdsmen and residents under the condition that the displaced households get proper resettlement. (See the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) of the Project for details.)
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6. Ethnic Minority Analysis
6.1 Summary of policies for ethnic minorities in the project area
6.1.1 Applicable laws and regulations
Equality among ethnic groups is the core principle of China’s ethnic policies, and has been defined clearly through the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), the Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law of the PRC and other laws. As a central habitat of ethnic minorities of China, the project area has a systematic policy framework and enforcement mechanism of policies for ethnic minorities with focus on regional ethnic autonomy from the state level to the local level.
The laws, regulations and policies for ethnic minorities in the project area include the state, province and local levels in general.
6.1.1.1 State level - Constitution of the People’s Republic of China - Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law of the PRC - Some Provisions of the State Council on the Implementation of the Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law of the PRC - Regulations on Religious Affairs - Regulations on Urban Ethnic Work - Regulations on Administrative Work of Minority Townships - Plan to Support the Development of Ethnic Groups with Small Populations - Some Opinions of the State Council on Further Revitalizing and Developing Cultural Programs of Ethnic Minorities - Decision on Further Strengthening Ethnic Work, and Accelerating the Economic and Social Development of Ethnic Minorities and Minority Areas - Opinions on Further Supporting the Economic and Social Development of Minority Areas in Gansu Province 6.1.1.2 Province level - Some Provisions of Gansu Province on the Implementation of the Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law of the PRC - Opinions of the Gansu Provincial Government on the Implementation of Some Opinions of the State Council on Further Revitalizing and Developing Cultural Programs of Ethnic Minorities - Notice of the General Office of the Gansu Provincial Government on Carrying through Opinions of the General Office of the State Council
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on Issues Concerning the Strict Enforcement of Ethnic Policies of the CPC and the State 6.1.1.3 Zhangye Municipality - Opinions of the Zhangye Municipal Government on Further Accelerating the Economic and Social Development of Minority Counties and Townships - Training Program of Zhangye Municipality for Minority Talent - Implemental Opinions on Further Strengthening the Counterpart Support for Education and Health Work of Minority Counties and Townships - Regulations on the Exercise of Autonomy of Sunan Yugu Autonomous County of Gansu Province (2010 Amendment) - Special Construction Plan of Sunan County for the Development of Ethnic Groups with Small Populations 6.1.1.4 Baiyin City - Eleventh Five-year Plan for Ethnic Minority Development of Baiyin City - Tenth Five-year and 2010 Plan for the Economic and Social Development of Ethnic Minorities of Baiyin City - Opinions of Baiyin City on Further Strengthening Ethnic Work, and Accelerating the Economic and Social Development of Ethnic Minorities and Minority Areas
6.1.2 Policy framework for ethnic minorities
The Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) of the Project has been prepared based on the laws and regulations of the PRC for ethnic minorities, the applicable policies of Gansu Province, Zhangye Municipality, Baiyin City and Sunan Yugu Autonomous County, and the World Bank’s policy Indigenous Peoples (OP4.10), including the applicable laws and regulations, and special plans of the PRC, the applicable policies of Gansu Province, the applicable policies and special plans of Zhangye Municipality and Baiyin City, and the Bank policy, as shown in Table 36 The policies and regulations of the PRC for ethnic minorities are essentially consistent with the Bank policy. First, they attach importance to the equality and development of ethnic minorities, and pay special attention to them in economic, social, cultural and other programs in order to protect the rights and interests of ethnic minorities, and improve their social and economic status, and spiritual and educational levels. Second, all development measures provide preferential support based on local ethnic cultures and agricultural characteristics, with focus on the infrastructure construction, development-oriented poverty reduction, cultural industry development, unique culture protection, and talent training. Third, their mechanisms and procedures attach importance to public participation, consultation and action plans, and require that audience should be given to ethnic minorities’ opinions, attitudes and expectations at the preparation, implementation and monitoring stages of the Project actively. The implementation of the Project, and the preparation and implementation of EMDP will promote the realization of the objectives and requirements of the above policies.
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Table 36: Policy Framework for Ethnic Minorities Level Type Name Key points ℃Except that ethnic autonomous regions have the powers equivalent to local governments, power organs of autonomous localities shall also have the following powers: autonomous legislative power; and autonomous power to manage local political, economic, financial, educational and cultural affairs, establish local public security forces, and use and develop minority languages, etc. ℃ Laws and regulations regulations and Laws Citizens of the PRC have the freedom of religious belief, and state Constitution of the PRC and ethnic autonomous organs shall protect the freedom of religious Regional Ethnic Autonomy Law belief of citizens of all ethnic groups. of the PRC ℃Ethnic administrative regulations shall be formulated to promote the Regulations on Religious Affairs development economic, cultural and other programs of minority Regulations on Urban Ethnic townships, protect the lawful rights and interests of ethnic minorities, Work and enhance ethnic unity. Regulations on Administrative ℃Except persons deprived of political rights, any citizen attaining the Work of Minority Townships full age of 18 hours, regardless of ethnic group, race, gender, occupation, family background, religious belief, educational level, property status and length of residence, shall have the right to elect and to be elected. ℃The state shall assist all ethnic minorities in accelerating economic development and cultural building from all aspects, including finance, State level level State materials and techniques. ℃Among the 55 ethnic minorities, the 22 ones with a population of less than 100,000 shall be supported, including Yugu people. The period of the plan shall be from 2006 to 2010. ℃Development objectives: to improve the infrastructure of administrative villages inhabited by ethnic groups with small populations significantly, solve prominent productive and living problems of civilians effectively, provide essentially sufficient food and clothing to the existing poor population, and make them reach locally medium or above levels in terms of economic and social development through about 5 years of effort Plan to Support the Plans ℃Key tasks: strengthening infrastructure construction, improving Development of Ethnic Groups productive and living conditions, focusing on the construction of with Small Populations (2006- human and animal drinking water projects, traffic projects, power 2010) supply projects, housing projects and basic farmland (pasture) construction projects, and conducting ecological resettlement for farmers and herdsmen short of subsistence conditions; adjusting economic structure and developing characteristic industries to promote income increase; developing science and technology, educational, health and cultural programs to promote social progress; and strengthening training to improve population quality ℃Policy measures: strengthening support for infrastructure construction, fiscal funds, credit funds, social programs, talent training and counterpart support
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℃The State Ethnic Affairs Commission will continue to promote the “More Prosperous Frontiers and Better-off People Action”, and keep increasing investment in Gansu Province from the Special Fund for Supporting the Development of Ethnic Groups with Small Populations, and the Special Fund of the “ More Prosperous Frontiers and Better-off People Action”; ℃The departments concerned shall be coordinated to focus the State level (cont’d) (cont’d) level State construction of ethnic trading outlets and technical improvement projects of appointed manufacturers of special commodities needed Policies Policies Opinions on Further Supporting by ethnic minorities on Gansu Province appropriately; the Economic and Social ℃Increase investment in ethnic minority development funds, Development of Minority Areas endeavor to realize growth in every year of the Twelfth Five-year in Gansu Province Plan period at a rate not less than the national average, and direct the preparation of the development plan for ethnic minority programs during the Twelfth Five-year Plan period; ℃Further strengthen the rescue and protection of cultural heritage of ethnic minorities, actively condition and exploit characteristic cultures of the ethnic minorities in Gansu Province, especially the three Gansu-specific ethnic minorities (Dongxiang, Yugu and Bao’an), and actively drive the normalization and IT building of spoken and written languages of ethnic minorities. ℃Development objectives: Cultural infrastructure in minority areas will be relatively complete, and a public cultural service system that covers ethnic minorities and minority areas will be largely established by 2020. Opinions of the Gansu ℃Policy measures: Accelerate public cultural infrastructure Provincial Government on the construction of ethnic minorities and minority areas; strengthen Implementation of Some support for the building of minority art performance troupes and Opinions of the State Council on museums; carry out public minority cultural activities actively; Further Revitalizing and Province level level Province strengthen the excavation and protection of minority cultural Developing Cultural Programs Policies Policies heritage, actively condition and exploit characteristic cultures of the of Ethnic Minorities ethnic minorities in our province, especially the three Gansu-specific ethnic minorities (Dongxiang, Yugu and Bao’an); respect, inherit and carry forward excellent traditional cultures of ethnic minorities; and actively promote the development of the minority cultural industry. Notice of the General Office of Fully realize the extreme importance of ethnic policies; strictly the Gansu Provincial implement ethnic policies of the CPC and the state, strengthen Government on Carrying leadership, define responsibilities, and ensure that all ethnic policies through Opinions of the General are implemented practically. Office of the State Council on Issues Concerning the Strict Enforcement of Ethnic Policies of the CPC and the State
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The municipal government shall strengthen financial support for minority areas. From 2003, special minority development funds of Opinions of the Zhangye 350,000 yuan ethnic minorities, transfer payment subsidies of over
Policies Policies Municipal Government on 500,000 yuan, and counterpart funds for minority township Further Accelerating the development of 400,000 yuan shall be granted annually, and social Economic and Social programs of minority areas shall be supported actively. Development of Minority Implement preferential policies for ethnic trading enterprises and Counties and Townships appointed manufacturers of ethnic goods carefully, coordinate taxation authorities and banks to refund or exempt taxes for Sunan Zhangye Municipality Municipality Zhangye County Ethnic Trading Co. and other enterprises. Regulations Regulations Detailed provisions shall be made in respect of rationale, Regulations on the Exercise of autonomous organs, people’s courts and people’s procuratorates, Autonomy of Sunan Yugu official team building, economic construction, financial management, Autonomous County of Gansu educational, science, cultural and health programs, and ethnic and Province religious affairs in order to regulate autonomous activities. Establish a pool of backup minority officials, hold one or two rural official training courses for minority townships, and three or four Training Program of Zhangye practical skills training courses for farmers and herdsmen annually in Special Plans Plans Special Municipality for Minority Talent order to improve the science and technology level, and ability to increase income of officials and civilians. Focus on t he construction of administrative villages inhibited by Yugu Special Construction Plan of people, and townships and small market towns where Yugu people Sunan County for the are relatively centralized in terms of rural economic development, Development of Ethnic Groups energy, traffic, social programs and other projects. 216 projects have with Small Populations been planned in total, with an estimated total investment of 91.66 million yuan, including a state investment of 68.7 million yuan. ℃This policy further specifies that ethnic work is aimed mainly at Hui Eleventh Five-year Plan for people. Ethnic Minority Development of ℃Economic development: Accelerate infrastructure construction, Baiyin City especially village highways in minority areas; support ecological Tenth Five-year and 2010 Plan agriculture properly, and actively promote the l icorice cultivation base
Baiyin City City Baiyin for the Economic and Social projects in the five minority resettlement villages in the irrigation area Policies Policies Development of Ethnic of Jingtai County; strengthen financial support for minority areas; Minorities of Baiyin City adjust the economic structure of minority areas actively, and support Opinions of Baiyin City on the development of characteristic agriculture, stockbreeding and Further Strengthening Ethnic green agriculture greatly; and solve the poverty problem of ethnic Work, and Accelerating the minorities with great efforts. Economic and Social ℃Social programs and ethnic unity: Accelerate the development of Development of Ethnic educational, science and technology, health and cultural programs, Minorities and Minority Areas train and select minority officials greatly, strengthen the building of the ethnic legal system, and do well in religious work.
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℃The objective of the Bank’s policy on Indigenous Peoples is that development projects fully respect the dignity, human rights, and cultures of Indigenous Peoples, ensure that they benefit, and avoid
Operational policies policies Operational or mitigate potentially negative impacts on them. ℃Ensure the effective consultation and informed participation of World Bank Bank World ethnic minorities during the whole process, and establish a whole set of actions to ensure that ethnic minorities benefit from the project, OP4.10 Indigenous Peoples namely the EMDP of the project. ℃The EMDP should describe the socioeconomic profile of the ethnic minorities affected by the project, identify the major impacts of the project on them, including positive and negative ones, consider modifying the project design to minimize negative impacts, and/or take measures to avoid or reduce negative impacts to enhance the project’s benefits for ethnic minorities.
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6.2 Introduction to affected ethnic minorities
6 of 12 demonstration towns affected by the Project have ethnic minority population and ethnic minority population in only 2 (Hongwansi Town, Sunan County and Hongshui Town, Jingtai County) of them are directly affected by the Project.
Table 37: Composition of ethnic minority population in two demonstration towns Town Category of persons Number (person) Proportion
Total population 13958 100.0%
Han people 9005 64.51%
Yugu people 2731 19.57%
Hongwansi Town Tibetans 1758 12.59%
Hui people 268 1.92%
Mongol 85 0.61%
Other peoples 111 0.80%
Overall population 25541 100.0%
Hongshui Town Han people 24486 95.9%
Hui people 1055 4.1%
Seen from the distribution of ethnic minorities in two demonstration towns directly affected by the Project, Hui people in Hongshui Town mainly inhabit in two pure Hui communities. The ethnic minorities directly affected by the Project are completely consistent with total ethnic minorities in the project area. Hongwansi Town involves multiple ethnic minorities in the centralized distribution on the whole. The population of ethnic minority directly affected by the Project accounts for 87.3% of total population of ethnic minority of the whole town.
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Table 38: Composition of ethnic minority population in different communities of Hongwansi Town Overall population Overall population Impact type of typethe of Impact Other peoples Other Yugu people people Yugu Community Community Community Han Han people Hui people people Hui Tibetans Tibetans Mongol Mongol Project Project
Total of Hongwansi Town 13958 9005 2731 1758 268 85 111
Communities in Communitiesin Hongwan 2396 1671 452 223 33 15 2 Direct impact Community township
Yuxing Community 3728 1712 1156 756 21 11 72 Direct impact
Longchang 2916 1332 896 552 70 29 37 Direct impact Community
Subtotal 9040 4715 2504 1531 124 55 111
Proportion in the total 0.65 0.52 0.92 0.87 0.46 0.65 1.00 population
Yingpan Village 633 595 15 12 11 Indirect impact
Tianqiaowan Village 641 607 6 5 23 Indirect impact Administrative villages in pastoral area pastoral in villages Administrative
Longfeng Village 431 365 17 3 46 Indirect impact
Qingtaizi Village 276 196 47 24 9 Indirect impact
Duntaizi Village 573 532 3 38 Indirect impact
Baizhuangzi Village 402 356 14 21 11 Indirect impact
Lamawan Village 495 438 37 20 Indirect impact
Xiliugou Village 482 431 30 21 Indirect impact
Huashuwan Village 687 587 55 39 6 Indirect impact
Daciyao base 298 183 6 79 30 Indirect impact
Subtotal 4918 4290 227 227 144 30 0
Proportion in the total 0.35 0.48 0.08 0.13 0.54 0.35 0.00 population
Table 39: Composition of ethnic minority population in different communities of Hongshui Town
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Overall population Overall Overall population Overall po population ofHan population population of of Hui population of Hui population Proportion of of Proportion Proportion of of Proportion Proportion of of Proportion of Proportion pulation ofHan pulation Community Community people people people people
Taian 1693 100% 0 Qinghe 1699 100% 0
Xiejialiang 1497 100% 0 Hongshaxian 2313 100% 0
Cengjiajing 1456 100% 0 Changlin 907 100% 0
Xiaoshan 848 100% 0 Jing’an 669 0 100%
Jiebei 1305 100% 0 Yongle 386 0 100%
Chenghua 734 100% 0 Gongjian 1484 100% 0
Songjiazhuang 1255 100% 0 Dajuzi 1127 100% 0
Yanghceng 1929 100% 0 Total of Hongshui Town 25541 95.9% 4.1%
6.2.1 Yugu people
In 2009, Sunan County has a total population of 36,623 with 9,830 of Yugu people, accounting for 26.84%.Sunan County is the main place for Yugu people and total population of Yugu people in Sunan accounts for about 67% of total national Yugu people. Sunan County town is located at Hongwansi Town. In 2009, total Yugu people of the whole town are 2,731, accounting for 19.57% of total population of the town and 27.8% of total Yugu people of the whole county.
As main scope (except for training of farmers and herdsmen) of construction of Hongwansi Town is within three communities, Yugu people directly affected mainly are distributed at the township. In 2009, Total population of the township was 9,040 with Yugu people of 2,504, accounting for 27.70% of total population of the township and 91.69% of total Yugu people of the whole town.
Table 40: Key indicators of population and distribution of Yugu people Key indicator Data
Total national population of Yugu people in 2010 (pre-estimate) 14668 persons
Population Yugu people of Sunan County in 2009 9830 persons
Proportion in the national population of Yugu people (pre- estimate) 67%
Proportion in the whole-county population 26.84%
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Yugu people population of Hongwansi Town in 2009 2731 persons
Proportion in the whole town population 18.7%
Population of Yugu people of the township directly affected by the Project 2504 persons
Proportion in the whole town population of Yugu people 91.69%
Population of Yugu herdsmen indirectly affected by the Project 227 persons
Proportion in the whole town population of Yugu people 8.3%
Population of Yugu people of Sunan County indirectly affected by the Project 7326 persons
Proportion in total population of the whole county 74.53%
According to the characteristics of Yugu people groups affected by the scope of construction, it can be divided into the following three subgroups
Yugu people in pastoral area indirectly affected by the Project: mainly distributed at administrative villages in pastoral areas with the total population of 227, accounting for 8.3% of total Yugu people population of Hongwansi Town. Stockbreeding is the main source of livelihood, which focuses on breeding of Alpine Merino, in addition to breeding of yaks, horses and red pasture resources in nomadic code.
Yugu herdsmen in town : account for about 30% of Yugu people in town, herdsmen concentrate at the township mainly because of the herdsmen settlement project. In addition, some Yugu herdsmen purchase housings at the township so as to facilitate children education and the aged caring . Although Yugu people groups concentrate at the township, they still take stockbreeding as main production and livelihood sources and possess grasslands in pastoral areas.
Yugu residents in town : account for about 70% of Yugu people of the township, mainly refer to residents of Yugu people working at government, enterprises or public institutions or engaged in individual business as main livelihood sources. Their common characteristics are owning urban citizen registration but without grassland resources. Such group directly affects main body of Yugu people and accounts for about 70% of total Yugu people.
At present, Hongwansi Town has 6.4 million mu of grassland and 14,000 mu of arable land. Due to difference of traditional production modes, Yugu people have no experience and tradition in agricultural planting and all rely on grazing. In 2009, Hongwansi Town had a total population if 13,958 with per capita grassland area of 444 mu. Among existing population of Sunan County, Yugu people are the earliest aborigines. When the collective grassland contracting reform was conducted in the 1980s, their per capita grassland area was usually more than 2 times of that of herdsmen of Han or other
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people migrated later, not less than 1,000 mu per capita 9. The maximum raised sheep of Yugu herdsmen can be 50 heads per capita based on the stock capacity (20 mu grasslands/sheep) of plateau grassland on Qilian Mountains. It is estimated that according to theoretical and actual raising as well as slaughtering rate, actual mutton sheep of the masses of Yugu people is 45 heads per capita and net annual income will be not less than 8,000 Yuan per capita 10 . In 2010, per capita annual income was 11,025 Yuan at Hongwansi Township and per capita annual income was maintained 6,500- 8,000 Yuan in pastoral areas. Therefore, in respect of economic income, Yugu people are at the middle stream and upstream on the whole in the project area and they have strong ability to resist economic risks that may be caused by the Project.
Traditional language of Yugu people consists of western Yugu language and eastern Yugu language. The former is mainly spoken by the masses of Yugu people in the west of Sunan County, and most masses of Yugu people at Hongwansi Town speak western Yugu language; the latter is mainly spoken by the masses of Yugu people in the east of Sunan County. Eastern and western Yugu languages only have oral expression and have no characters. In addition, as eastern and western Yugu languages do not belong to the same one language family, they cannot communicate to each other smoothly. The project area is located at Qilian Mountains. From time immemorial, it is the place inhabited by multiple peoples and transition zone between agricultural and pastoral areas. Thus, historically Yugu people speak Chinese and Tibetan language or other languages at the same time.
At present, Yugu people in the project area mainly use Mandarin and Chinese characters. Thus, during the project implementation, failure to fully understand language and participate in the Proejct due to language barrier will not occur.
Yugu people believe in Tibetan Buddhism. Temples are the special place for religious activities. For traditional nomadism production and living, they cannot live a fixed life like people in agricultural areas. Thus, they cannot go to religious places such as temple to carry out religious activities every day. As a result, in general households of Yugu people worship simple niche for Buddha so as to salute the image of Buddha.
For the masses of Yugu people directly affected by the Project, household religious facilities are not identical due to different housing structures. Most the masses of Yugu people living at one-story houses retain simple niche for Buddha so as to salute the image of Buddha in daily time. But those living in houses of more than one story have no simple niche for Buddha due to lack of corresponding place because of housing design.
9 The field survey data show that, the highest and lowest grassland of herdsmen of Yugu people per capita is 3,500 mu and 1,500 mu respectively. 10 Such data are pre-estimated average value based on macro data and only include income from mutton sheep breeding and exclude income from breeding of other livestock and do not represent annual income of Yugu residents per capita at the town.
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However, the masses of ethnic minorities have transferred to fixed settlement from traditional nomadism on the whole. Thus, it is very convenient for them to carry out religious activities at temples and relevant religious facilities and places in the urban areas. Religious belief and activities of the masses of Yugu people directly affected by the Project will not be affected.
Monogamy is implemented for Yugu people. Men and women undertake production and living labors together. Men undertake more heavy work while women undertake more housework, skilled and production work. Animal product sales are mainly undertaken by men, while taking care of children and elders are mainly undertaken by women; as for the management and decision making of community public affairs, men's participations are usually more than that of women. From the point of work division by gender, the project activities will not cause direct production and livelihood effect on most masses of Yugu people. Thus, there exist no risks in this regard.
6.2.2 Tibetans
Tibetan is one of the ethnic groups with large population among national ethnic minorities. It is the third largest ethnic group in Hongwansi Town distributed at all townships and towns of the whole county. In 2009, Tibetan population was 9,474 in Sunan County and accounts for 25.87% of total population of the whole county; Tibetan population is 1,758 in Hongwansi Town and accounts for 12.59% of total population of the whole town, second only to Han and Yugu people.
Tibetans in Hongwansi Town directly affected by the Project and those in communities of three townships total 1,531 and account for 87% of all Tibetans in Hongwansi Town. Tibetans in pastoral areas of the whole town indirectly affected by the Project are 227 and account for 13% of all Tibetans in Hongwansi Town. It can be seen that, Tibetan population distribution characteristics affected by the Project in the project area are the same as those of Yugu people. Both are in highly centralized distribution at the township.
Table 41: Key indicators of population and distribution of Tibetans in the project areas Key indicator Data
Tibetan population of Sunan County in 2009 9474persons
Proportion in total population of the whole county 25.87%
Tibetan population of Hongwansi Town in 2009 1758persons
Proportion in the total population of the whole town 12.59%
Tibetan population of Hongwansi Town directly affected by the Project 1531persons
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Proportion in the whole town population of Tibetans 87%
Tibetan population of Hongwansi Town indirectly affected by the Project 227
Proportion in the whole town population of Tibetans 13%
Taking the production modes as core characteristics, affected Tibetan groups in the project area also can be divided into three subgroups: Tibetan masses in pastoral area indirectly affected by the Project, non-herdsman Tibetan in town directly affected by the Project and Tibetan herdsmen in town directly affected by the Project.
Tibetans in pastoral area indirectly affected by the Project : mainly distributed at administrative villages in pastoral areas, total population is only 227 and accounts for 13% of total Tibetan population in Hongwansi Town. Stockbreeding is the main source of livelihood, which focuses on breeding of Alpine Merino, in addition to breeding of yaks, horses and red deer in nomadic code.
Tibetan herdsmen in town : account for about 30% of total tibetans in town, most Tibetan herdsmen live in town mainly because of the herdsmen settlement project. In addition, some Tibetan herdsmen purchase housings at the township so as to facilitate children education and the aged caring. Although such Tibetan herdsmen live at the township, they still take stockbreeding as main production and livelihood sources and possess grasslands in pastoral areas.
Tibetan resident in town : account for about 70% of Tibetans of the township, mainly refer to Tibetan residents working at government, enterprises or public institutions or engaged in individual business as main livelihood sources, their common characteristics are having urban citizen registration without grassland resources.
Historically, Yugu people and Tibetans always coexist, go in for stockbreeding and are aborigines.Thus, so far, Tibetan and Yugu people in the project area are basically the same in terms of production mode, natural resource endowment and income.
Tibetans use their own characters and language in the project area. As Tibetans live together with Han people, Yugu people and other ethnic minorities, Tibetans also use Chinese and Chinese characters in the project areas. Thus, during the project implementation, failure to fully understand language and participate in the Project due to language barrier will not occur.
Tibetan masses in the project area believe in Tibetan Buddhism. Temples are the main place for religious activities. In addition, among Tibetan masses directly affected by the Project, those living at one-story houses retain simple niche for Buddha generally, while those living in houses of more than one story have few simple niches for Buddha because of too small housing and
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structural design. Thus, most religious activities are carried out at religious places such as temples.
Religious belief and activities of the Tibetan masses directly affected by the Project will not be affected.
Monogamy is implemented for Tibetan masses in the project areas. Men and women undertake production and living labors together. Men undertake more heavy work while women undertake more housework, skilled and production work. Animal product sales are mainly undertaken by men, while taking care of children and elders are mainly undertaken by women; as for the management and decision making of community public affairs, men's participations are usually more than that of women.
6.2.3 Hui people
Hongshui Town project involves 2 Hui communities which are only two Hui people communities in this town. Two villages are in the north of Hongshui Town and on the edge of Tengger Desert. Total population of two villages is 1,055 and accounts for 4.1% of total population of Hongshui Town and 5.5% of total rural population (19,313) of Hongshui Town. By 2010, Jing’an Village had a total population of 669 of 151 households. 34 households with 133 persons enjoyed rural minimum living security. 1 household with 2 persons enjoyed the five guarantees. 97 households with 419 persons were poor. Yongle Village had a population of 386 of 86 households. 23 households with 111 persons enjoyed rural minimum living security. 2 households with 2 persons enjoyed the five guarantees. 81 households with 350 persons were poor.
Villagers of Jing’an Village and Yongle Village were migrated from mountain regions of Liujiaxia reservoir at the beginning of the 1990s. In the past, they mainly rely on breeding as livelihood source. However, they cannot sustain their life due to vegetation deterioration. When just migrated to Hongshui Town, households of two Hui villages had no experience and technology in agricultural planting. It is more difficult to plant crops in sandy soil on the verge of desert. Through more than 20 years of gradual exploration and adaptation, presently Hui people of two villages basically form the production and living mode of settlement of “agricultural planting+ breeding + part-time work”.
Mainly grain & cash crops and high-quality forage (such as corn, benne and alfalfa) are planted in improved sandy soil; for breeding, main mutton sheep is raised in pens and required forage comes from cornstalk and a few of self-planted alfalfa. Their nutrient is used as high-quality farmyard manure so as to further imporve the soil, thus increasing grain yield; for part-time work, they go to work at the mine in the southern mountain region of Hongshui Town in slack season. At present, such three main sources account for 1/3 of main income of households respectively.
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As southern areas of Hongshui Town with good soil fertility and quality have been occupied by other communities of previous displaced persons when displaced persons of two Hui villages moved to Hongshui Town, they only can select to settle at transition zones relatively nearer to the desert edge. Under such historical background, compared with other communities of Hongshui Town, land resources of two Hui villages are characterized by fewer per capita available arable land and higher production cost of the land. In 2009, per capita arable land in Hongshui Town was 4.7 mu, while per capita arable land is 1.8 mu for Yongle Village and 2.3 mu for Jing’an Village, far lower than that of other Han communities. Under the same conditions, corn yield/mu is about 1/5 lower than that of other communities. Based on the profit of 800 of 1 mu of corn after deducting cost, income/mu for Hui villages is about 150 Yuan lower than that of other Han villages.
In addition, households of two Hui communities have no experience in agricultural planting and production before displacing to Hongshui Town. Notwithstanding nearly 20 years of learning and adaptation, their overall planting technology level is relatively low, and overall education level and knowledge & skills are lower than those of surrounding Han people. Compared with surrounding Han communities, socioeconomic development is backward.
The survey shows that, actual per capita net income of farmers in two Hui communities in 2010 was about 3,000-3,500, while thanks to comprehensive advantages of land resources and land fertility, actual per capita net income of other Han communities above 5,000 Yuan, even 7,000-8,000 Yuan.
Hui people of Yongle Village and Jing’an Village use Chinese and Chinese characters and have no special language, dialect and character.
Main religious belief is Islam. 1-2 mosques are set up in each village center and managed by imam. Imam led villagers to worship according to Islam doctrines.
Imam, as the religious leader of communities, generally neither take charge of management and decision-making of secular business nor intervene operation of two village committees. However, comments and suggestions are generally solicited from imam for important public issue management and decision-making of communities.
Monogamy is implemented for villagers in Yongle Village and Jing’an Village. In respect of household production division, men undertake most heavy physical work while women undertake light physical work as well as breeding. Generally, men do not do housework.
Women basically have no right to participate in management and decision-making of public issues of communities.
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6.3 Impacts of the Project on ethnic minorities
Considering project content difference between Hongwansi Town and Hongshui Town, and difference in population distribution characteristics, production & living modes, scope directly affected by the Project and impact modes of ethnic minorities in two town, mutual impact contents, modes and degree between ethnic minorities of two towns and the Project as well as participation degree of ethnic minorities in the Project are different too.
According to project content difference and distribution characteristics of ethnic minorities in the project area, their project scope and impact mode are as follows:
Table 42: Main types and modes of benefits or losses of ethnic minorities from the Project Characteristics Characteristics Ethnic group group Ethnic Impact type type Impact
Benefit/loss modes
- Subsidize breeding high-quality mutton sheep to improve breeding structure so as to increase benefits;
- Subsidize constructing silo to improve forage utilization efficiency; improve nutrient value and mouthfeel of forage through ammonization so as to increase breeding Hui people benefits; farmer Direct - Subsidize planting alfalfa and increase fine forage impact proportion to increase breeding benefits;
- Provide technical and skills training to improve comprehensive personal quality;
- Improve community management organization and system construction to enhance overall organization and management capability.
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- Improved market traffic sytem and trade flow networks of Hongshui Town enhance market trading environment so as to reduce trading cost of farm product and pasture product as well as means of agricultural production;
- Regional economic development of Hongshui Town provides more employment and business opportunities Indirect so as to indirectly increase opportunities for Hui villagers impact to do migrant work;
- Larger breeding scale and income increase reduce labor of young and adult to work or even do not have to work at mine while household income still can be kept unchanged so as to reduce risks of injury related to mining.
- Obtain relevant technical training provided by the Project Direct to imporve production technology and efficency of impact stockbreeding. Herdsmen - The completion of refrigerated warehouse improves beef and mutton processing and storage capacity of local market so as to ensure market sales for larger-scale Indirect breeding of herdsmen; impact - Improve farmers’ market trading environment of Yugu people/Tibetan Yugu people/Tibetan Hongwansi Town so as to imporve urban procurement environment for herdsmen.
- Promote regional economic development so as to add new jobs; Direct - Improve shopping environment;- impact - Temporary occupied land for construction and noise & Townsfolk dust pollution caused during the projec construction, etc.
- Promote the ethnic characteristic product processing so as to facilitate ethnic minorities to take advantage of cultural resources and devote to ethnic characteristics Indirect cultural product processing and development; impact - Promote jade article industry development so as to provide better market environment for ethnic resident in this regard;
According to the above comprehensive analysis, impact modes of the specific project scope on different ethnic minorities are summarized as follows:
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Table 43: Summary of modes and degrees of impact of the Project on different ethnic minorities Demonstration Scope of the Impact modes and degree on ethnic monorities town construction
Municipal road and water Indirect impact, which is rather small drainage works
Forage base construction Hongshui Town and fine breed extension Direct impact, which is rather serious of mutton sheep
Technical training Direct impact, which is rather serious
Ancillary infrastructure significant direct impact on ethnic minorities engaged in Qilian construction in Qilan jade jade processing, and less significant impact on herdsmen of processing ethnic minorites or common urban residents.
Ethnic characteristic Significant direct impact on ethnic minorities engaged in the production innovation ethnic characteristic product processing, and less significant and training center direct impact on other ethnic minorities. construction Hongwansi Town Significant direct impact on market traders of ethnic minority, Farm product bazaar medium indirect impact on herdsmen of ethnic minority and construction less significant direct impact on urban residents of ethnic minority.
Significant impact on ethnic minorities engaged in Qilian jade Science and technology and ethnic characteristic production processing, relatively training significant direct impact on some ethnic herdsmen, less significant impact on other ethnic groups.
6.4 Identification of ethnic minorities
According to the four criteria for the identification of ethnic minorities in the Bank Policy OP4.10 Indigenous Peoples , the following table makes a detailed analysis of Hui people, Yugu people and Tibetans. The analysis shows that the Hui people, Yugu people and Tibetans affected directly by the Project comply with the Policy, which means that an EMDP should be developed. See the EMDP attached hereto.
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Table 44: Identification of ethnic minorities Compliant Definition in 0P4.10 Ethnic group Features or not?
(a) self-identification as (a) Hui and other communities recognize that farmers in Hui communities are a group with its own cultural Yes members of a distinct characteristics, customs and religious believes in the project areas. indigenous cultural group and recognition of (b) Their existing arable land and other natural resources are not left over by their ancestors, but were acquired by the Basically yes this identity by others; existing farmers upon migration to their present communities 20 years ago. (b) collective attachment to geographically distinct Hui (c) Economic, social and political organizations in Hui communities differ slightly from those of other ethnic groups in the Basically yes habitats or ancestral project areas. However, Hui communities have their unique religious organizations; each community has a mosque and territories in the project a religious leader, and religious activities are carried out according to the Islamic doctrines; religious are usually area and to the natural separated from social, economic and political activities, and religious leaders imams do not involve in public affairs resources in these management. habitats and territories; (c) customary cultural, economic, social or (d) Their language has no difference from the mainstream languages and official language in the project area s; they use No political institutions that spoken and written Chinese, and can understand Mandarin Chinese. are separate from those of the dominant society (a) The Yugu people and other ethnic groups recognize that Yugu people are a group with its own cultural Yes and culture; and (d) an characteristics and religious believes in the project areas. indigenous language, often different from the (b) The Yugu people are an indigenous people in the project areas, and their existing pastures and other natural Yes official language of the resources have been left over from history. country or region. Yugu (c) Economic, social and political organizations in Yugu communities and pastoral areas differ slightly from those of Basically yes other ethnic groups in the project areas. The Yugu people believe in Tibetan Buddhism, have religious leaders, temples and other religious facilities and organizations, and observe the traditional doctrines and code of conduct of Tibetan Buddhism; religious leaders and organizations do not involve in public affairs management.
(d) The Yugu people have their own unique spoken language but have no written language. Elderly ones can use the Basically yes Yugu language freely, but the young generation cannot use it proficiently. All Yugu people regardless of age can use spoken and written Chinese skillfully, and can understand Mandarin Chinese.
(a) The Tibetans and other ethnic groups recognize that Tibetans are a group with its own cultural characteristics and Yes Tibetan religious believes in the project areas.
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(b) The Tibetans are an indigenous people in the project areas, and their existing pastures and other natural resources Yes have been left over from history.
(c) Economic, social and political organizations in Tibetan communities and pastoral areas differ slightly from those of Basically yes other ethnic groups in the project areas. The Tibetans believe in Tibetan Buddhism, have religious leaders, temples and other religious facilities and organizations, and observe the traditional doctrines and code of conduct of Tibetan Buddhism; religious leaders and organizations do not involve in public affairs management.
(d) The Tibetans have their own spoken and written language, and can use spoken and written Chinese skillfully. Yes
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7. Social Risk Assessment
7.1 Economic risks
7.1.1 Dongwan Town
According to project scope, socioeconomic background of the project areas and production & living modes of groups affected by the Project in Dongwan Town, potential economic risks are expected to be mainly reflected by the following aspects:
1) Some vegetable brokers will not enter the bazaar for operation because of additional operation cost collected by the center.
At present, as vegetable agency can obtain relatively stable revenue and the effect of vegetable price fluctuation on it is less significant than vegetable growers, total vegetable broker groups are very large in the project area. According to incomplete statistics, at present vegetable brokers of the whole town exceed 200. However, as the competition between brokers is very fierce, there are only about 20 brokers of large scale with annual agency profit of more than 100,000 Yuan; most other brokers are part-time with small-scale operation and annual agency profit of 20,000-50,000 Yuan.
After the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center is completed, according to vegetable testing needs of Dongwan Town to outside, most vegetables around the town shall be traded and flowed at the center. Compared with disperse low-cost operation of vegetable brokers, their operation cost will definitely rise after entering the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center. Some brokers with small agency capacity may face the following situations due to failure of bearing pressure of increased operation costs:
- they may be eliminated from the broker team because of fierce marekt competition;
- they may be incorporated by other large-scale brokers;
- they may bear increased operation costs and reduce personal benefits.
2) Market operation cost increase may indirectly reduce vegetable growers’ benefits and increase sales cost.
As vegetables to the outsides require uniform testing, centralized operation in the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center is the inexorable trend in the future. Compared with presently independent operation, the competition
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will be fiercer after entering the market. Its direct potential risks are that, they will monopolize market pricing right, and vegetable purchase price will be artificially reduced. As a result, growers’ benefits will be impaired.
3) Vegetable sales mode changes and vegetable growers’ sales cost rises.
In the present vegetable sales link, growers only contact brokers. Some brokers directly go to greenhouses to purchase vegetables. On one hand, the purchase points of brokers are near the production base. On the other hand, because of fierce competition, directly going to greenhouses to purchase vegetables is one of means to obtain vegetable sources.
After implementing uniform operation at the center, the existing purchase mode may be changed to the sales mode of sending vegetables to the market by growers. As a result, increased trading cost of brokers is transferred to growers.
4) Reasonable compensation for households affected by land acquistion and economic risks during the construction of the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center
According to the design of the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center, land occupation area will be expanded on the existing open market and XXX mu of contracted arable land of farmers in Sanhe Village is directly involved. For this, the town PMO, Sanhe Village and relevant farmers reach the preliminary agreement: land of the same quantity and quality will be transferred from un- contracted collective land of Sanhe Village to the farmers affected by land acquisition as the compensation for loss.
As the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center is of rural public welfare construction, the land acquisition compensation procedures may not be initiated for land use. Instead, it will be solved by reallocating collective land. However, it directly involves the following potential social risks:
- Ensure reasonable rights and interests of farmers affected by land acquistion will not be damaged;
- After the land reallocation, collective land of Sanhe Village is occupied by the Project, how to reasonably compensate collective economic loss of Sanhe Village;
- How to ensure farmers of Sanhe Village will recognize the occupation, reallocation and interest compensation programs through which procedures.
The report believes that, at the project preparation stage, wide and full community mobilization and coordination shall be carried out in Sanhe Village according to the appendix ( Community Participation Handbook ) to the report so as to avoid the above risks and ensure legal rights and interests of farmers affected by land occupation.
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7.1.2 Hongshui Town
According to the project scope and socioeconomic background of the project area in Hongshui Town, potential economic risks may include:
1) Some poor households fail to raise funds for investment at a time.
According to the fund raising standard of households affected by the Project, each household shall raise 1,200 Yuan to purchase ewe. Some households also have to raise 600 Yuan to purchase ram. In addition, households to construct silos shall raise another 2,000 Yuan. Thus, the least and most raising of households for the investment at a time is 1,200 Yuan and 3,800 Yuan respectively. By the end of 2010 in Hongshui Town, rural population receiving minimum living security accounts for 13.9% of total rural population. Poor population accounts for 42.6% of total rural population. The field survey shows that, some population receiving minimum living security said they can raise 1,200 Yuan at a time. However, some households cannot raise such fund.
2) Some households are not motivated to plant alfalfa and facing challenge is how to effectively popularize it.
In the project area, annual precipitation is 200mm but annual evaporation is 3,000mm and most soil is improved sandy soil with extremely bad water conservation conditions. However, alfalfa planting needs sufficient irrigation and fertilization. All irrigated arable land in the project area relies on water supplied through the Jingdian Project (Phase 2) pumping irrigation works. Total water supply rating is calculated based on registered and filed land area. Thus, large-scale alfalfa planting must occupy arable land which will reduce grain crop planting area such as corn; if existing arable land is not occupied, sandy soil shall be reclaimed for planting and centralized water supply must be expanded. Based on existing conditions of the project area, both choices face predicament.
At present, households plant a small quantity of alfalfa for their own purpose, which can basically meet current stockbreeding development demands. Thus, if alfalfa replaces corn, its direct economic benefits will be 2 times of those of corn based on current market price of alfalfa. However, if the market sales of large-scale alfalfa hay cannot be ensured and self-demand or local digestion is saturated, households are not economically motivated to plant alfalfa in a large scale. At present, cornstalk is main forage for household breeding. With self-demands meet, economic benefits from planting alfalfa are 2 times of that of planting corn. In the medium to long term, with development of stockbreeding, if all cornstalk produced locally is used as forage, total economic benefits of planting corn will be 1.5-2 times of planting alfalfa.
Thus, direct economic benefits of planting alfalfa will be 2 times of those of planting corn, provided that the value of using cornstalk as forage is not
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considered and market sales of excess alfalfa is ensured. As a result, households are greatly motivated to plant alfalfa with low economic risks.
In the medium to long term, wide popularization of silo technology can meet demands for forage of flocks and herds 2-3 times of current breeding. Economic risks of planting alfalfa are also low provided that the market sales of excess alfalfa are ensured.
On the whole, planting alfalfa has certain economic risks for some households. Such risks are low on the whole in the medium to long term, provided that the market sales of excess alfalfa (after meeting their own breeding demands) are ensured.
In respect of demand market of alfalfa in the project area, breeding enterprises such as Dafu Dairy and Qinghe Stockbreeding Co. are big users. At present, both need more than 5,000 mu of alfalfa annually. Local market cannot meet their demands. In the medium and long term, as long as it can be ensured that the two enterprises can purchase alfalfa from local market preferentially, economic risks of alfalfa planting programs will be low and can be ensured within controllable scope.
3) The gap between the rich and the poor widens due to difference between project-provided financial aid and resource endowment of households;
In the Project, the combination of complete coverage and key support will be used for financial aids to households of Hui communities; for households of Han communities, key support will be provided to poor households. Although the project implementation benefits all households, the gap between the rich and the poor still widens for households benefiting of communities.
For Hui communities, ram and silo construction (good for improving breeding efficency and expanding scale) aid indicators cannot ensure equal aids to all households. Poor households may lose opportunity to enjoy equal benefits because they cannot undertake investment on ram breeding and silo construction at a time. This will widen existing gap between the rich and the poor for households of communities.
For Han communities, the Project will narrow internal gap between the rich and the poor within community in the Project. As the quantity of sheep and silos that can be aided by each community, complete coverage cannot be achieved even if all poor households are subsidized preferentially. It is expected that, economic income of households subsidized by the Project will be increased faster than that of households not subsidized by the Project so that the gap between the rich and the poor will widen.
7.1.3 Hongwansi Town
In view that, the project scope of Hongwansi Town is mainly within the township and the construction of public service facility works is the main, potential economic risks are mainly reflected in the following aspects.
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1) The integrated bazaar construction may cause temporary livelihood pressure to its existing traders and old tenants of existing bazaar.
In the farmers’ market system construction component, the temporary displacing and resettlement of traders within the existing integrated bazaar are involved. The survey shows that, resident trader total 27 in the existing integrated bazaar with Han, Hui, Tu, Yugu and Tibetan of 20, 3, 2, 1 and 1 respectively. They specialize in beef, mutton, cloth, clothes, hat, fruit, vegetable, snack and small articles of daily use.
During the bazaar construction, existing traders have to move to the abandoned existing bazaar opposite to the bazaar for temporary operation according to the project design and planning. During this period, all costs and expenditures of traders will be compensated by PMO. Although such program is recognized by all traders, some traders may face certain livelihood pressure during this period and after new bazaar is completed.
First, the existing bazaar, as the temporary displacing resettlement site, has been abandoned for many years. Its buildings can resume their function through simple maintenance. However, the bazaar is enclosed by residential buildings and stores facing the street and has only one overpass of about 4 m wide for going into inside and outside. In addition traders with diversified operation and overlapped functions appear around. The bazaar is unsuitable for business operation in terms of location. As a result, open-operation traders with low benefits (especially traders of ethnic minority with very low benefits) will face more bleak operation, lower benefits and more livelihood pressure.
Therefore, PMO shall undertake temporary loss to temporarily resettled traders (especially traders of ethnic minority) and ensure such traders can enter the bazaar preferentially after the bazaar is completed. Preference in operation and management costs shall be given during a certain period.
Second, as the temporary resettlement site, existing bazaar is as warehouse for renting. The project implementation force existing tenants to move from the bazaar and additional costs will be increased. The existing bazaar is public and managed by the Integrated Bazaar Administration Committee. Thus, within 3 months before market traders temporarily displace and resettle to the existing bazaar, the PMO shall notify tenants of existing bazaar to prepare to throw a lease. If their contracts do not expire during this period, PMO shall compensate their loss incurred according to the contracts.
2) After the integrated bazaar is completed, poor traders may cannot bear increased operation cost and face risks of being eliminated from the market and losing livelihood sources.
At present, there are 27 resident traders in open-air operation and 50 traders (including non-resident traders) in peak season in the integrated bazaar. As it is open-air operation and stall fees are exempted, many peddlers with low capital input want to enter the bazaar for operation; because of bad operation environment, turnover and operation revenue of traders are low.
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Beef and mutton sellers with the highest turnover and profit have annual income of 50,000-70,000 Yuan; stalls with lower turnover such as shoes embroidering and clothes sewing have annual income of less than 10,000 Yuan. The survey shows that, about 80% of open-air operation traders have annual income of no more than 20,000 Yuan.
The project implementation will imporve overall environment of the integrated bazaar. While, considering payback of investment cost and maintenance of normal O & M of the bazaar, stall and operation fees will definitely collected to cancel current policy of exemption from stall fees. This will greatly impact poor traders objectively and increase their operation costs. If increased cost exceed a certain extent, it may cause them directly eliminated from the bazaar so that they will lose livelihood source.
The report believes that, after the new bazaar is completed, preference shall be given to poor traders in existing bazaar and other speical groups such as disabled traders in terms of market operation cost and fees. Such groups shall be incorporated into guarantee scope such as minimum living security and relief in priority.
4) After Qilian Jade Processing Zone and ethnic characteristic product center are completed, workshop traders currently engaged in Qilian jade or ethnic characteristic product processing cannot bear operation cost at the bazaar and will face risks of being eliminated gradually.
At present, in the project area, 253 and 112 persons are engaged in Qilian jade and ethnic characteristic product processing respectively with 185 of Yugu people and 98 of Tibetan. The survey shows that, most of them take their own housings as business place in a small scale. Only a small quantity of persons in a large scale rent stores in flourishing areas of the township.
After new bazaar is completed, scale effect brought about by entering new bazaar will be expected to promote overall development of two industries. However, higher residence cost will force some traders not to reside at the new bazaar. To a certain extent, this make them marginalized and eliminated.
For this, the plan recommends local government to asist persons (with weak overall strength but want to operate at the bazaar) to apply for discount government loans or other preferential loans; meanwhile, their ability construction such as professional skills and market operation training will be incorporated into the project training plan.
5) Potential market risks for rural households to expand red deer breeding
During farmers’ market construction, 2# refrigerated warehouse is built at Qilianshan Biology Co. so as to meet its increasing demand for storage and processing of red deer. Based on the above discussion, after the refrigerated warehouse is completed, heads of red deer of the whole county will be increased from 4,000 to 7,000 in the medium to long term. Based on the
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current economic value of red deer products, profit from cartilage and blood of each head of red deer is about 2,000 Yuan. Its breeding profit is higher than that of flocks and herds.
From the point of breeding households, investment in red deer breeding at a time, breeding cost and technical requirements are higher. Based on current market price, the price of one female and male red deer from Qilianshan Biology Co. by households is above 10,000 and 20,000 Yuan respectively. As for breeding cost, higher requirements on forage are imposed. Thus, their breeding cost is 2 times of that of ordinary flocks and herds. Requirements on breeding technology are higher than those of ordinary flocks and herds. They are more vulnerable to environment. In respect of product nature, main products from ordinary flocks and herds are meat and fur with high public demands, while main products from red deer are cartilage and blood. They cannot become popular consumer goods directly and must be processed by Qilianshan Biology Co.
Thus, households breeding red deer ensure their interest mainly through the cooperation mode of “base +rural household” with Qilianshan Biology Co. They sign breeding and product purchase contracts with Qilianshan Biology Co.. Meanwhile, it provides necessary technical support for households.
As most red deer products are health products, market competition is fierce and they can be substituted. At present, the domestic market of health products of cartilage and blood is fiercer with more risks. Therefore, in the medium to long term, if the market prospective of health products of red deer fluctuates greatly, it will definitely affect benefits of breeding households and causes economic risks to them.
The report believes that, in order to avoid potential market risks of rural households breeding red deer, PMO and governmental departments in charge shall supervise Qilianshan Biology Co. strictly to execute the cooperation agreement of “base + rural household” with households. In addition, in the medium and long term, they shall contact financial and insurance departments to establish farming and stockbreeding insurance and assist households to participate insurance so as to reduce their market risks as far as possible.
7.2 Social risks
7.2.1 Dongwan Town
According to the project scope, production & living modes in the project area and socioeconomic development in Dongwan Town, overall social risks that may be caused by the project are low. 1) Culture risk
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Dongwan Town project scope focuses on public service facilities and vegetable production and sales environment improvement, which will not conflict with social folkways, culture and religious beliefs in the project area. The probability of social risks is low in this regard. 2) Tolerance risk Since all vegetable growers in Dongwan Town will directly or indirectly benefit from the Project, the probability of social risks in terms of tolerance of benefited groups and communities is low. 3) Social gender risks In respect of the relationship between social gender and project development, females play a key role in vegetable production and sales in the project area. Their workloads are 70% of production work of vegetables. Special training plans favorable for their development shall be prepared for key roles of females in production and livelihood during the project implementation so as to promote the participation of females in the project management and decision-making. Thus, social gender risks are worthy concerning. 4) Uneven development of vulnerable groups The project implementation may further widen income gap between vulnerable groups (households receiving minimum living security, poor households and five-guarantee households) and other rural households and polarization between the rich and the poor in rural places of the project area. For this, the report recommends incorporating the above vulnerable groups into rural social guarantee scopes such as rural households receiving minimum living security and relief as far as possible through coordination. In addition, financial services supporting rural households such as discount government loan and mortgage loan of small amount for females shall be coordinated so as to help rural households with labor ability to expand production, thus increasing household income.
7.2.2 Hongshui Town
According to project scope, stakeholder characteristics and socioeconomic development in the project area in Hongshui Town, potential social risks mainly include: 1) Breeding of two kinds of mutton sheep and reasonable allocation of silo construction indicators are encountered with predicament. Allocation pressure of the project subsidy resources of Han communities is not completely the same as that of Hui communities. In Hui communities, ewe breeding subsidy standards are fixed and all rural households are covered without resource allocation pressure. However, predicament is encountered in terms of ram breeding and silo construction indicators allocation. In Han communities, ewe, ram and silo construction subsidy indicators are very limited. Although it is required to give priority to poor groups within the community in the project design, how to reasonably identify poor groups and select projects to subsidize them to make project resource
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allocation recognized by the community will become the potential flash point of the social risks of the Project.
Taking Hui communities as an example, as silos can improve the utilization rate of corn straw by at least one time on the whole, it means that, theoretically breeding capacity can be 2 times of current breeding capacity without increasing corn straw production. According to the standard that one mu of cornstalk can breed about one basic ewe, the maximum breeding capacity of two Hui communities can be 10-15 per household presently. The actual survey shows that, actual breeding capacities of rural households of Yongle Village and Jing’an Village have reached 10 and 11. It means that, rural households will soon face the lack if corn straw if in the current breeding mode. Thus, it is essential to construct silos in the medium to long term. The survey of two communities shows that, more than 90% of surveyed Hui rural households want to construct silos.
Table 45: Land resources of Hui communities in Hongshui Town Actual cultivated land Actual per capita Community Reported statistic area area cultivated area
Yongle 700 534 1.8 Hui community Jing’an 1532 1168 2.3
According to the project design and current project investment rating, 15 and 30 silos will be constructed in Yongle Village and Jing’an Village respectively. However, these two villages have actual rural households of 67 and 117 respectively. Their actual demands for silos are far higher than the silos that are subsidized by the Project.
Thus, how to determine silo construction indicator allocation programs acceptable to all rural households and promote their smooth construction and implementation become one of challenges and risks facing the Project
The report believes that, during the project implementation, full community negotiation shall be carried out in strict accordance with the appendix (Community Participation Handbook ) to the report so as to avoid social risks caused by the project resource allocation.
Table 46: Allocation of forage base construction and fine breed extension of mutton sheep to communities in Hongshui Town Households to be Households to be Siols to be Alfalfa Name of subsidized for subsidized for constructed subsidy Remarks village mutton ewe mutton ram (household) (mu) purchase purchase
Yongle 15 67 28 150 Hui village
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Jing’an 30 117 55 300 Hui village
Dajuzi 16 15 7 500 Han village
Jiebei 17 20 9 600 Han village
Qinghe 10 10 5 600 Han village
Yangcheng 20 10 5 800 Han village
Gongjian 10 8 4 500 Han village
Changlin 8 5 3 300 Han village
Xiaoshan 8 5 3 300 Han village
Hongshaxian 20 20 9 900 Han village
Taian 10 5 3 300 Han village
Songjiazhuang 8 4 2 200 Han village
Xiejialiang 10 5 3 200 Han village
Cengjiajing 10 6 3 350 Han village
Chenghua 8 3 1 Han village
Total 200 300 140 6000 Han village
2) Social gender risks Within communities of Hongshui Town, due to agricultural production and living modes, overall social division by gender is featured by “males manage external affairs and females manage internal affairs”. Females play a key role in agricultural planting and breeding. Their effective and reasonable participation in the Project will facilitate ensuring their benefit rights in the Project and plays a very key role in the smooth project implementation and socioeconomic benefits. However, females have not superior rights of participation and decision-making in household and public affairs, which directly affect their effective participation in the Project. In Hui communities, as they are limited by traditional culture, religious doctrine, personal habit or ability, this characteristic is more significant.
Thus, the report recommends that, during the project implementation, requirements about the participation of females in the Project in Community Participation Handbook shall be completely followed. In addition, as for rural household training and ability building, special training for females shall be carried out according to actual needs so as to improve their participation and benefits. 3) Culture and religious belief risks As Hui rural households devoutly believe in Islam, there are may be religious rites for important activities such as livestock purchase and silo
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construction. If these rites are neglected during the project implementation, potential cultural and religious belief risks may occur.
For this, during the project implementation, the conducting of religious rites or relevant activities consistent with traditional customs and religious beliefs by Hui rural households shall not be interfered with or limited for any reasons. If they affect the project implementation, PMO shall solve it through negotiation with relevant households or religious leaders within communities according to laws.
7.2.3 Hongwansi Town
1) After the ethnic characteristic product center is completed, the ethnic characteristic product processing will be increased quickly, but some traditional process may gradually dies out due to introduction of industrial production process and technology.
At present, most ethnic characteristic product processing is in small workshop production mode. Although the problem of low production efficency exists, most production processes and technologies used are traditional. After the ethnic characteristic product center is completed, with gradual production expansion, in the medium to long term, industrial large-scale production is possible. This will bring about production efficiency improvement. But traditional manual techniques of small workshop production may die out.
2) After refrigerated warehouses are completed, it maybe very difficult for ordinary farmers, herdsmen and traders to use them.
Two refrigerated warehouses in the farmers’ market construction component are located at Tiancheng Food Co., specializing in beef and mutton processing and Qilianshan Biology Co. specializing in red deer products. At present, these two companies are at the fast expansion stage. Thus, the construction of refrigerated warehouses is significant for them. In addition, the market guarantee can be provided for herdsmen to increase breeding capacity by expanding local animal product processing capacity and stockbreeding development space.
From the point of ownership relationship, refrigerated warehouses are of state-owned assets. During the project design, PMO will sign the interest allocation agreement with enterprises where the warehouses are located so as to determine their ownership and interest allocation principle. In addition, these two enterprises are responsible for operation and management of refrigerated warehouses. Such mode may cause these two enterprises become the only one user of the warehouses. It is very difficult for other market main bodies (including herdsmen of ethnic minority and beef and mutton sellers) to enjoy refrigeration services provided at the market price.
For this, in order to ensure fair benefits, PMO, enterprises where the warehouses are located and other market main bodies (including herdsmen and traders of ethnic minorities such as Yugu people and Tibetan) shall
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coordinate to make reasonable operation, management and use systems of the warehouses, provided that they participate together.
3) Culture and religious belief risks
No property demolition and effect of cultural and religious facilities are involved in places where the project construction is located. The project scope focuses on industrial development and relevant infrastructure construction without involving cultural and religious belief problems. Therefore, on the whole, no risks in this regard will occur.
As the masses of Yugu people and Tibetan as well as some Han people devoutly believe in Tibetan Buddhism, there are some religious rites for important activities such as new housing occupancy after property demolition and resettlement and commencement of new works. If these rites are neglected during the project implementation, potential clutural and religious belief risks may occur.
For this, during the project implementation, the conducting of religious rites or relevant activities consistent with traditional customs and religious beliefs by the masses of ethnic minorities shall not be interfered with or limited for any reasons such as lighting Buddha rite before moving to resettlement housing by displaced households. If they affect the project implementation, PMO shall solve it through negociation with relevant farming and herdsmen or residents within communities accoding to laws.
4) Social gender risks
Females of ethnic minorities such as Yugu people and Tibetan and Han people play a very key role in family production and living, market business operation and ethnic characteristic product processing. Thus, full participation of females in the Project is the important guarantee for smooth project implementation.
During the project implementation, the absence of females in the project management, decision-making and implementation shall be avoided as far as possible. During management and implementation of the project stages, the participation of females shall be incorporated according to Community Participation Handbook. During the project training and ability construction, more attention shall be paid to training of females. Specific training shall be provided for females according to their roles in production and living.
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7.3 Environmental risks
7.3.1 Dongwan Town
According to the project scope and socioeconomic development in the project area in Dongwan Town, main existing environmental risks are reflected in the following respects: (1) effect of temporarily occupied land for construction on environment of vegetable production and living of surrounding rural households as well as environmental effect caused by direct dumping of building waster into the Yellow River during the construction.(2) Garbage pollution and disposal of the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center. Although the project design includes the centralized garbage dumping tank, all production and living garbage in Dongwan Town are still stacked in the open air. A large quantity of garbage such as abandoned vegetables from the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center may cause serious environmental hazards.
7.3.2 Hongshui Town
According to Hongshui Town project scope, it is predicted that the main environmental risks is the temporary construction impact during the construction of bazaar road, including environmental risks of temporary land occupation, noise pollution, and traffic jam, etc. Dust and construction waste pollution are relatively small.
7.3.3 Hongwansi Town
Main environmental effects that may be caused by Hongwansi Town project include: the project construction sites are densely inhabited by population of Hongwansi Township, enterprises and public institutions. The project construction may cause temporary land occupation and environmental effect such as noise & dust pollution and traffic jam.
The specific analysis such as potential environmental effect generation mechanism and degree during the implementation of three town projects is described in the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of the Project.
7.4 Organization and management risks
In order to promote smooth project implementation, the project organization framework centered at development and reform commissions at all levels and including important governmental functional departments is established to provide important organization guarantee for smooth project implementation.
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1) The project coordination is led by National Development and Reform Commission, and the provincial PMO has been set up at the provincial development and reform commission, city PMOs at the municipal and county development and reform commissions of the affected cities, and town PMOs (project execution team) at the project towns. Since in the governmental administration system framework, the development and reform commission has powerful resource allocation and organization coordination ability in the transverse functional authority, the organization management framework with development and reform commissions at all levels as core coordination authority will provide important resource allocation and organization coordination guarantee for smooth project implementation.
2) Functional departments of the county government, as the important supply or assistance for required supportive projects during the project implementation, has important administration and development resources allocation ability so as to ensure the realization of the project objectives and maximum socioeconomic benefits.
3) World Bank, as important fund providing and intelligent support authority of the Project, will provide system and procedure guarantee and intelligent support for the Project implementation as per specifications.
However, current organization framework of the Project has defects and risks affecting smooth project implementation and objective & benefits achievement, mainly reflected in the following respects:
1) Bad organizational degree of community.
At present, the two village committee or residents' committees are the most important organization of communities. As the autonomous grass-roots authority, they are at the terminal of administration. They have advantages of familiar with project community. Their potential risks include in terms of smooth project implementation:
a) Their quantity is too small to completely undertake lots of specific work for the project implementation;
b) Personal knowledge and professional skills need to be improved so as to improve understanding of the project and its implementation;
c) Although the organization members are those within communities, ordinary rural households or residents (especially representative of vulnerable groups) cannot be reflected in two village committees or residents’ committees. The proportion of their representative in the community organization shall be increased.
2) Organization construction of some important target groups or stakeholders needs to be strengthened.
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The organization degree of the project target group or stakeholder group directly affected (including ordinary farmers, herdsmen and residents, enterprises, traders, rural brokers and professional technicians) is not completely the same in different project’s demonstration towns.
Vegetable brokers of Dongwan Town form the Vegetable Distribution Association to protect the interest request of broker groups. However, there is no vegetable association among ordinary growers to represent their interest;
There is Qilian Jade Association in the Qilian jade processing industry of Hongwansi Town. However, there is no similar professional organization to protect the industry persons’ interest request in the ethnic characteristic product processing industry.
In order to ensure smooth project implementation and maximum socioeconomic benefits, professional organization building of main project target group or affected group shall be one of the important project scopes.
3) Operation management and maintenance systems of facilities constructed in the Project need to be improved.
As the project scope focuses on provision of public facilities and services, subsequent operation management and maintenance of public facilities (constructed road, integrated bazaar and trading center) become the key for maximum socioeconomic benefits of the project. Thus, defining the project facility property right and establishing & improving operation management and maintenance authority and responsibility & obligation system are one of important contents of current organization structure building in the Project, including:
a) Operation management and maintenance of Dongwan Town Vegetable Testing & Trading Center
b) Operation management and maintenance of Dongwan Town vegetable base roads
c) Operation management and maintenance of Dongwan Town irrigation canals
d) Operation management and maintenance of Hongshui Town bazaar roads
e) Operation management and maintenance of Hongwansi Town integrated bazaar
f) Operation management and maintenance of Hongwansi Town Qilian jade processing and sales bazaar
g) Management and maintenance of the Ethnic Characteristic Product Processing and Startup Training Center in Hongwansi Town
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For this regard, according to problems exiting among main stakeholders and organization structure framework of the Project, comprehensive project scope and actual project conditions and with a full consideration of socioeconomic background and operability of the project area (detailed below), it is recommended as follows:
1) In communities directly involving the project scope, the demonstration towns establish the community project implementation committee with rural administrative village and urban community as a unit. Among the committee members, in addition to two village committees or residents’ committees, the representatives of ordinary farmers, herdsmen and residents shall be increased, especially the proportion of representative of vulnerable groups such as ethnic minorities, poor groups and females.(detailed in Community Participation Handbook )
2) For vegetable growers of Dongwan Town, breeding households of Hongshui Town and ethnic characteristic product processing households of Hongwansi Town, professional cooperatives or associations made by them are established in each community or within several communities so as to improve their ability in self- organization and joint participation in the bazaar, and facilitate smooth project implementation and achievement of socioeconomic benefits.
3) The structure specification development and ability building of established professional cooperatives or associations such as Qilian Jade Association of Hongwansi and Individual Business Association shall be strengthened so as to make them being able to participate in the project implementation and promote socioeconomic benefits.
4) Core links such as project decision-making, implementation, management, operation, maintenance and monitoring evaluation shall be incorporated into the participation in community organization and professional association/cooperative by designing scientific and reasonable systems and procedures. This will reduce working pressure of PMO. In addition, their participation in the Project will reduce risks due to inconsistence between the project scope and actual conditions as far as possible.
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8. Community Participation
From the perspective of time, the Project’s community participation activities may be divided into those before and during the fieldwork, and during project implementation and operation.
8.1 Present situation of community participation
Since this SA was conducted in the early preparation stage, community participation was focused on the solicitation of public needs, willingness and feedback on implementation programs, but different subprojects vary greatly in level of participation. Community participation includes direct and indirect participation. For example, the former includes farmers’ direct reporting of their realistic issues or difficulties to communities and town governments, and participation and assistance in component and site selection, and demolition program consultation; and the latter includes the acquisition of project information from government meetings, documents and reports, and speeches of village and town officials, and informants, etc.
Community participation before this SA is reflected in the awareness and recognition surveys of the Project.
8.1.1 Project awareness survey
The project awareness survey is aimed mainly at the groups directly affected by the Project. For farmers, herdsmen and residents, the awareness survey is in the form of questionnaire survey mainly; for affected traders, specialized technicians and brokers, it is in the form of interview mainly.
The survey shows that before the fieldwork of this SA, the overall awareness of the Project was the highest in Hongwansi Town, followed by Dongwan Town, and that of Hongshui Town was the lowest, because:
a) The Hongwansi Town subproject is implemented mostly in the urban area, and involves property demolition and resettlement, and the PMO had started mobilization and consultation on property demolition and resettlement before the fieldwork, so public awareness was generally high.
b) The subprojects of Dongwan and Hongshui Town do not involve large- scale land acquisition and property demolition in general. Before the fieldwork, community mobilization and participation had not been conducted on a large scale, so public awareness was generally low.
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Table 47: Project awareness of surveyed stakeholders Dongwan Town Hongshui Town Hongwansi Town # of respondents # of # of respondents # of # of respondents # of Awareness rate Awareness Awareness rate Awareness Awareness rate Awareness Unaware Unaware Unaware Aware Aware Respondent Aware
PMO staff 10 10 0 100.0% 12 12 0 100.0% 15 15 0 100.0%
Government 8 8 0 100.0% 7 7 0 100.0% 12 12 0 100.0% departments
Members of village committees, CPC 6 6 0 100.0% 6 0 6 0.0% 6 6 0 100.0% branches and community committees
Minority farmers, 103 67 36 64.6% 76 0 76 0.0% 185 134 51 72.6% herdsmen and residents
Bazaar traders / 9 9 0 100.0% 15 0 15 0.0% 26 26 0 100.0% specialized technicians
Enterprises 1 1 0 100.0% 6 0 6 0.0% 3 3 0 100.0%
Note: The above data indicate the respondents’ awareness of the Project before the fieldwork.
Table 48: Project awareness survey of farmers, herdsmen and residents in sample communities
Demonstration town Sample community Aware Unaware
Daba Village 66.7% 33.3%
Dongwan Town Sanhe Village 40% 60%
GuaYuan Village 100% 0
Hongshui Town Jing’an Village 0 100%
Yongle Village 0 100%
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Jiebei Village 0 100%
Longchang Community 75.4% 24.6%
Hongwan Community 73.5% 26.5% Hongwansi Town Yuxing Community 72.0% 28.0%
Daciyao Village 61.9% 38.1%
Note: The above data indicate the respondents’ awareness of the Project before the fieldwork.
It should be noted that, though the community awareness of the Hongwansi Town subproject is generally high, awareness differs greatly among farmers, herdsmen and residents in different communities.
Table 49: Project awareness survey of farmers, herdsmen and residents in sample communities in Hongwansi Town
Awareness
Community Ethnic Characteristic Product Farm product bazaar Qilian Jade Processing Zone Processing and Startup reconstruction construction Training Center
Hongwan 31.6% 68.4% 63.2%
Longchang 87.9% 100.0% 81.8%
Yuxing 76.9% 79.5% 59.0%
It can be seen that before the SA, different project towns varied greatly in the progress of information disclosure and public consultation. The differences in awareness also indicate that no systemic community mobilization and consultation was conducted at the preparation stage in the demonstration towns.
8.2.2 Project recognition survey
The fieldwork was also a key aspect of community participation and consultation at the preparation stage. For this purpose, a project recognition survey was conducted after all stakeholders got a better understanding of the Project. This survey was focused on the target groups of the Project and the groups directly affected by the Project. Farmers and herdsmen were subject mainly to questionnaire survey, and traders, specialized technicians and brokers were subject to interview mainly.
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Table 50: Project recognition survey of stakeholders
Dongwan Town Hongshui Town Hongwansi Town #ofrespondents #ofrespondents #ofrespondents Recognition rate Recognition rate Recognition rate Recognition rate Affirmative Affirmative Affirmative Respondent
PMO members 10 10 100.0% 12 12 100.0% 15 15 100.0%
Heads of government 8 8 100.0% 7 7 100.0% 12 12 100.0% departments
Members of village committees, CPC branches 6 6 100.0% 6 6 100.0% 6 6 100.0% and community committees
Minority farmers, herdsmen 103 93 90.3% 76 76 100.0% 185 166 89.5% and residents
Bazaar traders / specialized 9 7 77.8% 15 15 100.0% 26 20 76.9% technicians
Enterprises 1 1 100.0% 6 6 100.0% 3 3 100.0%
Although most of the sample stakeholders, especially farmers, herdsmen and residents, had a low level of awareness of the Project before the fieldwork, their recognition of the Project was generally high after learning the specific scope of the Project.
However, farmers, herdsmen and residents in different communities vary in recognition to some extent. The following tables show the differences of the major ethnic minorities, such as Yugu people and Tibetans, in the recognition of different components of the Project. The results show that though the Project has a high level of community recognition, few ordinary farmers, herdsmen and residents still do not recognize the Project due to insufficient understanding or for objective reasons.
This indicates that the PMOs, and the project implementation and management staff should strengthen publicity, and protect the lawful rights and interests, and income of the affected groups practically during project preparation and implementation.
Table 51: Survey of recognition of integrated bazaar reconstruction among ethnic minorities in the sample communities of Hongwansi Town
Hongwan Longchang Yuxing
Community Community Community
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Good to me 94.7% 100.0% 87.2% Are you interested in this component? Not clear 5.3% 0.0% 12.8%
Approving 100.0% 100.0% 92.3% Your attitude to this Opposed 0.0% 0.0% 2.6% component Not clear 0.0% 0.0% 5.1%
Yes 15.8% 30.3% 28.2% Are you willing to operate at the new No 57.9% 12.1% 25.6% bazaar? Not clear 26.3% 57.6% 46.2%
Table 52: Recognition survey of ethnic minorities for Qilian Jade Processing Zone construction in sample communities of Hongwansi Town
Hongwan Longchang Yuxing
Community Community Community
Good to me 78.9% 97.0% 79.5% Are you interested in this component? Not clear 21.1% 3.0% 20.5%
Approving 84.2% 100.0% 87.2% Your attitude to this Opposed 0.0% 0.0% 2.6% component Not clear 15.8% 0.0% 10.3%
Yes 0.0% 27.3% 33.3% Are you willing to operate No 78.9% 27.3% 23.1% in the processing zone? Not clear 21.1% 45.5% 43.6%
Table 53: Survey of recognition of the Ethnic Characteristic Product Processing and Startup Training Center among ethnic minorities in the sample communities of Hongwansi Town
Hongwan Longchang Yuxing
Community Community Community
Good to me 94.7% 100.0% 97.4% Are you interested in this component? Not clear 5.3% 0.0% 2.6%
Approving 100.0% 100.0% 97.4% Your attitude to this component Not clear 0.0% 0.0% 2.6%
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Yes 57.9% 97.0% 56.4% Are you willing to operate in No 21.1% 0.0% 15.4% the new center? Not clear 21.1% 3.0% 28.2%
8.2 Community participation and its role during assessment
Communities participated in the SA in such identities as respondent, key informant and community participation participant. The detailed information and process of community participation have been covered in Chapter 1 of this report in detail, and are not repeated here.
During the SA, free, prior and informed community participation was crucial to rational project design. Adequate community participation has provided a basis for project design and modification at least in the following aspects:
8.2.1 Dongwan Town
Through community participation, the key modifications to the design of the Dongwan Town subproject are as follows:
8.2.1.1 Optimizing the design of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center and reducing the number of stalls
In the former design, the bazaar has 220 stalls, while the trading hall is 3,600 m 2, which means the size of each stall is 16.4 m 2. After deduction of shared spaces, the actual useful size of each stall is not more than 15 m 2, which is obviously unsuitable for practical use for a large vegetable wholesale center.
Meanwhile, since there are about 50 highly active and 50 fairly active vegetable brokers in the town, about 100 brokers will be admitted to the bazaar.
Therefore, in the modified project design, the number of bazaars has been reduced from 220 to 100.
8.2.1.2 Reducing the road width of the sunlight greenhouse base to avoid unnecessary land acquisition and property demolition
In the former design, the roadbed is 6.5m wide and the road surface 4.5m wide. However, the fieldwork and community participation results show that more half of the existing roads have a roadbed width of less than 6.5m and should be broadened. The arable land involved in road broadening will be occupied and the properties involved will be demolished. Based on
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preliminary statistics, 4.6 mu of arable land will be occupied, involving 14 households.
Provided the road function is ensured, the modified project design adopts some suggestions from community participation. In the modified project design, the roadbed is 4.5m wide and the road surface 3.5m wide, and crossing and confluence points are provided where roadbed is wide enough. This will also improve the quality of road design while total investment remains unchanged.
8.2.2 Hongshui Town
Through community participation, the following key modifications have been made to the design of the Hongshui Town subproject:
8.2.2.1 Replacing beef cattle breeding with high-quality mutton sheep feeding
It was originally planned to fund two Hui communities to feed beef cattle, but farmers in Hui communities are not wiling to feed beef cattle and prefer raising sheep for the following reasons:
a) Sheep feeding is most cost effective and has a shorter payback period; mutton is more expensive, and the comparative income of sheep feeding is 1.5-2 times that of cattle feeding.
b) Cattle were rarely fed in the history of Hui communities; there are no knowledge, experience and facilities for cattle feeding. However, they have a long history of sheep feeding, and have rich experience in feeding and marketing, and readily available sheepfolds.
c) In the culture of Hui communities, sheep are a better symbol of wealth than cattle.
d) Sheep dung is better to sandy land improvement than cattle dung.
8.2.2.2 Expanding the scope of stockbreeding funding to include poor farmers in Han communities
In the former project design, stockbreeding funding was limited only to Hui communities. An important reason is that beef cattle are more costly, and there is no surplus money in the project investment to fund farmers in Han communities. The replacement of cattle with sheep means a lower amount of funding for each household so that some poor farmers in Han communities can be funded with the project investment remaining unchanged.
In the modified project design, the number of households benefiting from mutton sheep feeding will be increased to 300 from 184 (in two Hui communities only) in the former design to include those in Han communities, thereby expanding the coverage of project benefits.
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8.2.2.3 Reducing the scale of cultivation alfalfa
It was originally planned to cultivate 10,000 mu of high-quality alfalfa, but the community participation and consultation results show that this has certain risks, including:
a) There is a high demand for alfalfa cultivation, but it can be cultivated on irrigated land only, thereby reducing the cultivated area of field crops, such as corn.
b) There is still a gap of about 6,000 mu in terms of the cultivated area of alfalfa.
c) The output/input ratio of alfalfa is 1.5 times that of corn; however, if corn stalks are counted in as a source of forage, the overall profit of corn cultivation is 1.5 times that of alfalfa.
The formerly planned alfalfa cultivated area of 10,000 mu has been changed to 6,000 mu in the modified project design, reducing the possible socioeconomic risks.
8.2.3 Hongwansi Town
Through community participation, the following key modifications have been made to the design of the Hongwansi Town subproject:
8.2.3.1 Canceling the forage cultivation base
It was formerly planned to construct a forage cultivation base in Daciyao, but the community participation and consultation results show that this has high risks, including:
a) The Daciyao base is over 40km away from the project area, and is located at the junction between the Qilian Mountain pastoral area and the Hexi Corridor; it is costly to transport forage from the base to the pastoral area.
b) Due to the base’s vicinity to an agricultural area, the forage produced by the base is in competition with corn stalks in the agricultural area but does not have any competitive advantage, so there is a potential market risk.
c) If residents are migrated from the project area to the forage cultivation base for large-scale stable feeding, not only there is difficulty in migration in the short term, but also heavy investment is needed for infrastructure construction, generating great financial and environmental risks.
The risky forage cultivation base construction component has been removed from the modified project design.
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8.2.3.2 Adding the Ethnic Characteristic Product Processing and Startup Training Center
The project area is in the only Yugu autonomous county and the largest Yugu habitat of China, where Tibetans account for a high proportion to total population. In addition, the project area is located on a key point of the Qilian Mountain tourist route, receiving over 500,000 men-times of visitors annually. Minority culture, stockbreeding and tourism have made ethnic characteristic product processing an important tourist product in the project areas today.
On the basis of extensive community participation and consultation, it is recommended that ethnic characteristic product processing and industry development be important items of project funding, and embodied in the modified project design.
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Table 54: Comparison of main scope of construction before and after community participation in the SA
Demonstration Key components before modification Key components after modification town
1) Infrastructure construction of the sunlight greenhouse: 1) Construction of roads of 27.0km for the vegetable industrial base, roadbed width construction of an access road of the sunlight greenhouse 4.5m and driveway width 3.5m, a 16m long supporting bridge, a 20m long base of 30km, 6.5m wide roadbed, 4.5m wide road surface; overflow pavement and 31 culverts excavation of lined canals of 14km 2) Lining of canals of the vegetable production base of 15.0km, with 5 supporting 2) Construction of the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center: diversion gates construction of the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center of 2,400 m2 and a trading hall of 3,600 m2, provided with Dongwan Town 3) Construction of a vegetable bazaar, an information service complex of information system equipment and 220 stalls; a car park of 2,413.9m 2, a trading shed of 3,600m 2, 100 stalls, a warehouse of 797.1m 2, a 600m2, a warehouse of 800m2, a solid waste treatment facility gate house, a weighbridge room and a toilet totaling 106m 2, internal roads, a of 500m2, surface hardening of 4,200 m2, with water supply hardened terrace and a car park totaling 4,800m 2, water supply and drainage and drainage facilities pipes of 650m; supporting testing, IT and public equipment
4) Training of 8,590 men-times, including 8,260 men-times of farmers and specialized cooperative staff, 130 men-times of market operation staff, and 200 men-times of government project management staff
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Demonstration Key components before modification Key components after modification town
1) Building of market service system of production base: 1) Road and drainage works: Changlin Road: 1.934km long, 26m wide; Tai’an construction of two primary trunk roads with a total length of Road: 1,828.467m long, 20m wide; each with 12 grade crossings and one small 3.82km, where Central Street is 1,870m long and 20m wide; bridge; laying of sewer pipelines of 5,145m and rain pipelines of 1,640m; and Bazaar Street is 1,950m long and 26m wide, asphalt provided with streetlamps, landscaping and traffic works through the full length surface, with lighting, water supply and drainage facilities 2) Forage base construction and fine mutton sheep breed extension: construction of 2) Cultivation of 10,000 mu of high-quality alfalfa, 50 Yuan of a 6,000 mu high-quality alfalfa forage base and 200 50 m 3 silos, supporting the subsidy per household; construction of 184 small and medium economic development of 300 households in poor ethnic minority (184 Hongshui Town forage silos; supporting 184 households in minority villages to households) and Han (116 households) villages, introduction of 900 mutton ewes develop fine-breed Simmental beef cattle, and introducing 552 (3 per household on average) and 140 mutton rams, and providing supporting heads of beef cattle living facilities for 140 households
3) Science and technology training system building of production 3) Skills training: including 130 men-times of training in the province, 319 men-times base: training component leaders and farmers in the base on of training in the province and 2,359 men-times of training in the township, 2,808 project management, feeding management, epidemic men-times in total prevention, breed extension, artificial fertilization and brokerage skills
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Demonstration Key components before modification Key components after modification town
1) Construction of fine wool sheep, horse and deer breeding 1) Infrastructure construction for Qilian Jade Processing Zone construction: base: construction of urban roads with a total length of 1.849km; laying of water supply pipelines of 0.667km, sewer pipelines of 2.21km and heat supply pipelines of a) Forage base construction: field low-pressure pipelines of 0.785km; construction of two cable shafts, one 50KVA box transformer, one 41.85km, field roads of 3km and a composting plant distributing box, laying of cables of 2,800m and wires of 2,800m, and setup of 92 streetlamps; landscaping of 1,000 m 2 a) Construction of the farm product bazaar of Hongwansi Town: two 500t air-conditioned warehouses, two 500t refrigerated 2) Ethnic characteristic product processing and startup training center: construction 2 warehouses, surface hardening of 3,740 m 2, improvement of a of a main building, two-storied main structure, with a floor area of 1,020 m and a 2 trading hall of 1,805 m 2, 5 refrigerated trucks and one garbage building area of 2,048 m treatment facility 1) Bazaar development: construction of an animal product trading hall, two-storied Hongwansi Town 2) Infrastructure construction of the Qilian Jade Processing Zone: main structure, 40m long, 30m wide and 8.1m high, with a building area of 1,980 2 2 construction of roads of 2.77km, water supply pipelines of m , two 500-ton refrigerated warehouse, with a building area of 1,841.4 m ; 2 2 3.87km, drainage pipelines of 2.76km, heating pipelines of surface hardening of 1,637 m , landscaping of 1,000 m ; purchase of 5 1.8km; 10KV lines of 1.5km, 0.4KV overhead lines of 1.2km, refrigerated trucks and 2 forklifts; construction of a garbage collection station and 0.4KV direct-burial cables of 1.4km, 3 10KV box distribution a public toilet transformers, 92 streetlamps; sound insulating walls of 300 m 2, one sewage reservoir with a daily treatment capacity of 200t, 2) Scientific and technological training: training 18 men-times of project and a garbage collection and transfer station with a daily management staff, 15 men-times of technicians, and 300 men-times of farmers treatment capacity of 8t and herdsmen
3) Training: 2,000 men-times of farmers and herdsmen, including 800 men-times of stable feeders, 1,200 men-times of jade processors and 200 men-times of non-local training
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8.3 Community participation framework
On the basis of free, prior and informed community participation and participation, though the subproject designs have been rationalized, the following community participation framework should be developed and implemented during the Project to reduce risks:
8.3.1 Dongwan Town
Table 55: Logic framework of the Dongwan Town subproject (Part 1)
Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
A. Improving infrastructure of A1 Vegetable base A1-1 27km of roads of A1-1-1 Community mobilization of - PMO vegetable production base and road construction the vegetable affected groups overall vegetable production and canal lining production base - Members of environment, and reducing connecting 5 villages A1-1-2 Consultation on compensation village production costs rates and community procedures for committees and A1-2 Line of 15km of temporary losses CPC branches canals of vegetable production base A1-1-3 Implementation of - Reps. of farmers / compensation for temporary losses vegetable growers A1-1-4 Consultation with communities and farmers on the O&M of - Reps. of None None completed roads and canals vegetable brokers
A1-1-5 Monitoring and reporting of - Reps. of compensation for temporary losses, vegetable and road and canal operation and distribution management association or other cooperative
- Consulting / evaluation experts
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
B. Improving vegetable marketing B1 Construction of B1-1 One information B1-1-1 Mobilization and participation - PMO network, ensuring stable marketing, the Vegetable service complex of affected communities and promoting regional economic Testing & Trading - Members of development Center B1-2 One trading hall B1-1-2 Consultation with affected village with 100 stalls and farmers on compensation and committees and supporting facilities replacement rate for occupied land CPC branches
B1-1-3 Consultation on compensation - Reps. of farmers / rate and procedure for temporary vegetable losses growers
B1-1-4 Consultation with vegetable - Reps. of None None brokers on bazaar rental rate and vegetable brokers operating charges - Reps. of B1-1-5 Consultation with stakeholders vegetable on bazaar operation and distribution management program association or other cooperative B1-1-6 Monitoring and reporting of compensation / replacement of - Consulting / occupied land, compensation for evaluation temporary losses, and operation and experts management of the trading center
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
C. Providing necessary manpower C1 Training and C1-1 Training of 8,260 C1-1-1 Solicitation of training needs - PMO and technical support for the technical support men-times of farmers and wishes development of the vegetable and members of - Members of industry, and the realization of project specialized C1-1-2 Consultation and village objectives and socioeconomic cooperatives determination of training program committees and benefits CPC branches C1-1-3 Consultation on training quota allocation scheme - Reps. of farmers / vegetable C1-1-4 Monitoring and reporting of growers training process and effectiveness - Reps. of None None vegetable brokers
- Reps. of vegetable distribution association or other cooperative
- Training / consulting / evaluation experts
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
C1-2 Training of 130 C1-2-1 Survey / determination of - PMO men-times of bazaar types and number of trainees operation management - Members of staff C1-2-2 Solicitation of training needs village and wishes committees and CPC branches C1-2-3 Consultation and determination of training program - Reps. of vegetable None None C1-2-4 Monitoring and reporting of distribution training process and effectiveness association or other cooperative
- Training / consulting / evaluation experts
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
C1-3 200 men-times of C1-3-1 Determination of types and - PMO project management number of trainees staff trained - Members of C1-3-1 Consultation and village determination of training program committees and CPC branches C1-3-1 Monitoring and reporting of training process and effectiveness - Reps. of vegetable None None distribution association or other cooperative
- Training / consulting / evaluation experts
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Table 56: Logic framework of the Dongwan Town subproject (Part 2)
Time of Important Required activity Criterion / indicator of examination Examination method implementation prerequisite
A1-1-1 Community mobilization of affected A1-1-1 Preparation - Participants in community mobilization / consultation include - Community groups stage members of village committees and CPC branches, and engagement farmer reps. of all the directly affected 5 communities, and survey A1-1-2 Consultation on compensation A1-1-2 Preparation other communities not involved in road construction and rates and community procedures for stage canal lining. - Community temporary losses awareness A1-1-3 Implementation - Participants in community mobilization / consultation include survey A1-1-3 Implementation of compensation stage reps. of farmers and other stakeholders affected temporarily for temporary losses by construction. - Community A1-1-4 Operation stage satisfaction A1-1-4 Consultation with communities and - Farmer reps. involved in community mobilization / survey farmers on the O&M of completed roads A1-1-5 Implementation consultation are not less than 60% of all participants, where and canals and operation stages women reps. are not less than 30% of all farmer reps.
A1-1-5 Monitoring and reporting of - Written materials on compensation rate and procedure for compensation for temporary losses, and temporary losses, and road and canal O&M system are road and canal operation and prepared and disclosed, and community awareness is over management 50%.
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Time of Important Required activity Criterion / indicator of examination Examination method implementation prerequisite
B1-1-1 Mobilization and participation of B1-1-1 Preparation - Participants in community mobilization / consultation include - Community affected communities stage members of village committees and CPC branches, and engagement farmer reps. of all villages involved in vegetable cultivation, survey B1-1-2 Consultation with affected farmers B1-1-2 Preparation and reps. of villages not involved in vegetable cultivation. on compensation and replacement rate for stage - Community occupied land - Farmer reps. involved in community mobilization / awareness B1-1-3 Preparation consultation are not less than 60% of all participants, where survey B1-1-3 Consultation on compensation rate stage women reps. are not less than 30% of all farmer reps. and procedure for temporary losses - Community B1-1-4 Preparation & - Not less than 10% of participants in community mobilization / satisfaction B1-1-4 Consultation with vegetable implementation stages consultation are reps. of vegetable brokers and vegetable survey brokers on bazaar rental rate and distribution associations of different villages. operating charges B1-1-5 Preparation & - Trader implementation stages - Written materials on compensation rate and procedure for satisfaction B1-1-5 Consultation with stakeholders on temporary losses, stall rental rate and admission procedure, survey bazaar operation and management B1-1-6 Implementation and bazaar O&M system are prepared and disclosed, and program and operation stages community awareness is over 50%.
B1-1-6 Monitoring and reporting of compensation / replacement of occupied land, compensation for temporary losses, and operation and management of the trading center
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Time of Important Required activity Criterion / indicator of examination Examination method implementation prerequisite
C1-1-1 Solicitation of training needs and C1-1-1 Preparation - Communities conducting mobilization and consultation on - Community wishes stage training of farmers and specialized cooperatives are not less mobilization / than 40% of all communities in the town, and women are not consultation C1-1-2 Consultation and determination of C1-1-2 Preparation less than 30% of all farmer reps. involved in community records training program stage mobilization / consultation. - List of trainees C1-1-3 Consultation on training quota C1-1-3 Preparation - Communities conducting farmer training are not les than and basic allocation scheme stage 80% of all communities. personal information C1-1-4 Monitoring and reporting of training C1-1-4 Mid & late - Households involved in farmer training are not less than process and effectiveness implementation stage, 40% of all households in the community, where women are - Training records and operation stage not less than 30% of all trainees. / report
- Specialized cooperative training covers over 70% of all - Trainee existing cooperatives in the town, and not less than 60% of satisfaction trainees are regular members of cooperatives. survey
C1-2-1 Survey / determination of types C1-2-1 Preparation - Not less than 30% of bazaar operation management staff is - List of trainees and number of trainees stage involved in consultation on training needs. and basic personal C1-2-2 Solicitation of training needs and C1-2-2 Preparation - Not less than 90% of bazaar operation management staff is information wishes stage trained. - Training records C1-2-3 Consultation and determination of C1-2-3 Preparation / report training program stage - Trainee C1-2-4 Monitoring and reporting of training C1-2-4 Mid & late satisfaction process and effectiveness implementation stage, survey and operation stage
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Time of Important Required activity Criterion / indicator of examination Examination method implementation prerequisite
C1-3-1 Determination of types and number C1-3-1 Preparation - Not less than 80% of members of county/town PMOs are - List of trainees of trainees stage involved. and basic personal C1-3-1 Consultation and determination of C1-3-2 Preparation - The participation rate of key competent authorities is not less information training program stage than 80%, such as development and reform bureau, finance bureau, agriculture bureau, water resources bureau, traffic - Training records C1-3-1 Monitoring and reporting of training C1-3-3 Mid & late bureau, poverty relief office, women’s association, civil / report process and effectiveness implementation stage, affairs bureau, and labor and social security bureau. and operation stage - Trainee - The participation rate of heads of village committees and satisfaction CPC branches, vegetable distribution associations and other survey specialized cooperatives in relevant communities is not less than 80%.
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8.3.2 Hongshui Town
Table 57: Logic framework of the Hongshui Town subproject (Part 1)
Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
D. Improving the road traffic D1 Town road and D1-1 Two trunk D1-1-1 Community - PMO framework of the urban area, and the supporting facility roads and mobilization of affected groups town’s passenger and cargo transport construction supporting facilities - Reps. of affected capacity D1-1-2 Consultation on farmers / residents compensation rates for temporary losses - Reps. of traders / enterprises D1-1-3 Consultation on compensation procedures for - Consulting / temporary losses evaluation experts High Low
D1-1-4 Implementation of compensation for temporary losses
D1-1-5 Monitoring and reporting of disbursement of compensation for temporary losses
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
E. Improving sandy land, increasing E1 Cultivation of high- E1-1 Cultivation of E1-1-1 Rural community - Village committees the proportion of high-grade forage, quality alfalfa 6,000 mu of high- mobilization in project areas and CPC branches / and improving the economic efficiency quality alfalfa religious leaders of household stockbreeding E1-1-2 Consultation on application and summarization - Community elites / procedures of cultivation farmer reps. quantities - Reps. of major E1-1-3 Consultation on breeders / breeding High High allocation criteria and enterprises procedure of cultivation quotas - PMO, agriculture / E1-1-4 Monitoring and stockbreeding bureau, reporting of cultivation and water resources benefits bureau, etc.
- Consulting / evaluation experts
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
F. Extending forage silage and F1 Demonstration silo F1-1 Construction F1-1-1 Rural community - Members of village ammoniation techniques, and construction of 200 medium and mobilization in project areas committees and CPC increasing the utilization rate of small silos branches / religious cornstalk F1-1-2 Consultation on leaders amount of farmer financing - Community elites / F1-1-3 Consultation on farmer farmer reps. application procedure - PMO, agriculture / stockbreeding bureau, F1-1-4 Consultation on High High allocation criteria / program of etc. quotas - Consulting / F1-1-5 Consultation on evaluation experts construction and implementation procedures
F1-1-6 Monitoring and reporting of construction and operation
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
G. Promoting the breed improvement G1 Funding for mutton G1-1 Funding 2 Hui G1-1-1 Community - Village committees of mutton sheep, and improving sheep breeding for communities in mobilization, establishment of and CPC branches / livelihoods of ethnic minorities and the minority and poor sheep raising community project religious leaders poor households implementation committees G1-2 Funding poor - Community elites / Han farmers in G1-1-2 Consultation on farmer reps. sheep raising amount of farmer financing - PMO, agriculture / G1-1-3 Consultation on stockbreeding bureau, allocation criteria of etc. High High stockbreeding quotas - Consulting / G1-1-4 Consultation on evaluation experts purchase procedure of mutton ewes and breeding rams
G1-1-5 Monitoring and reporting of allocation and breeding
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
H. Capacity building of stakeholders, H1 Science and H1-1 Training of H1-1-1 Determination of types - Members of promoting successful project technology training project and number of trainees county/town PMOs implementation and the realization of system building of management staff expected benefits production base H1-1-2 Consultation and - Heads of functional determination of training departments program - Resident township High Medium H1-1-3 Monitoring and officials in villages reporting of training process and effectiveness - Village officials
- Consulting / evaluation / training experts
H1-2 Practical skills H1-2-1 Solicitation and - PMO training for farmers consultation of farmers’ training needs - Village officials
H1-2-2 Consultation and - Resident township determination of training officials in villages program for farmers - Farmers / specialized High High H1-2-3 Consultation on breeders training quota allocation scheme for farmers - Consulting / evaluation / training H1-2-4 Monitoring and experts reporting of training process and effectiveness
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
H1-3 Rural broker H1-3-1 Determination of types - PMO training and number of trainees in broker training - Brokers
H1-3-2 Survey of brokers’ - Consulting / training needs evaluation / training experts High High H1-3-3 Consultation and determination of training program
H1-3-4 Monitoring and reporting of training process and effectiveness
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Table 58: Logic framework of the Hongshui Town subproject (Part 2)
Time of Important Required activity Criterion / indicator of examination Examination method implementation prerequisite
D1-1-1 Community mobilization of D1-1-1 Preparation - Those involved in community mobilization / consultation are - Community affected groups stage representative of different industries, ethnic groups and genders. engagement survey D1-1-2 Consultation on D1-1-2 Preparation - Women are not less than 20% of all participants. compensation rates for temporary stage - Community losses - Written materials on compensation rate and procedure, are prepared awareness survey D1-1-3 Preparation and disclosed, and community awareness is over 50%. D1-1-3 Consultation on stage - Community compensation procedures for satisfaction survey temporary losses D1-1-4 Before project commencement D1-1-4 Implementation of compensation for temporary D1-1-5 Mid & late losses implementation stage
D1-1-5 Monitoring and reporting of disbursement of compensation for temporary losses
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Time of Important Required activity Criterion / indicator of examination Examination method implementation prerequisite
E1-1-1 Rural community E1-1-1 Preparation - Those involved in community mobilization / consultation are - Community mobilization in project areas stage representative of different industries, ethnic groups and genders. engagement survey E1-1-2 Consultation on E1-1-2 Preparation - Women are not less than 20% of all participants. application and summarization stage - Community procedures of cultivation - Written materials on compensation procedure and program are awareness survey quantities E1-1-3 Preparation prepared and disclosed, and community awareness is over 50%. stage - Community E1-1-3 Consultation on allocation satisfaction survey criteria and procedure of E1-1-4 Mid & late cultivation quotas implementation stage
E1-1-4 Monitoring and reporting of cultivation and benefits
F1-1-1 Rural community F1-1-1 Preparation - Communities conducting mobilization / consultation are not less than - Community mobilization in project areas stage 20% of all communities in the town. engagement survey F1-1-2 Consultation on amount of F1-1-2 Preparation - Women are not less than 20% of all participants in community farmer financing stage mobilization / consultation. - Community awareness survey F1-1-3 Consultation on farmer F1-1-3 Preparation - Community mobilization / consultation involve reps. of vulnerable application procedure stage groups. - Community satisfaction survey
F1-1-4 Consultation on allocation F1-1-4 Preparation - Written materials on farmer financing rate, application procedure, criteria / program of quotas stage quota allocation criteria / program, and silo construction procedure and program are prepared and disclosed, and community awareness F1-1-5 Consultation on F1-1-5 Early is over 50%. construction and implementation construction stage procedures F1-1-6 Mid & late F1-1-6 Monitoring and reporting implementation stage of construction and operation
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Time of Important Required activity Criterion / indicator of examination Examination method implementation prerequisite
G1-1-1 Community mobilization, G1-1-1 Preparation - Not less than 40% of all households in the community are - Community establishment of community stage represented in community mobilization / consultation, where women engagement project implementation are not less than 20% of all participants. survey committees G1-1-2 Preparation stage - Community mobilization / consultation involve reps. of vulnerable - Community G1-1-2 Consultation on amount of groups. awareness survey farmer financing G1-1-3 Preparation stage - Ordinary farmers are not less than 50% in all members of the - Community G1-1-3 Consultation on allocation community project implementation committee. satisfaction survey criteria of stockbreeding quotas G1-1-4 Preparation stage - Written materials on farmer financing rate, quota allocation criteria / G1-1-4 Consultation on purchase program, breeding sheep purchase and allocation procedure and procedure of mutton ewes and G1-1-5 Mid & late program are prepared and disclosed, and community awareness is breeding rams implementation stage over 50%.
G1-1-5 Monitoring and reporting of allocation and breeding
H1-1-1 Determination of types H1-1-1 Preparation - Not less than 80% of members of county/town PMOs are involved. - List of trainees and and number of trainees stage basic personal - The participation rate of the development and reform bureau, finance information H1-1-2 Consultation and H1-1-2 Preparation bureau, agriculture and stockbreeding bureau, water resources determination of training program stage bureau, traffic bureau, poverty relief office, women’s federation, civil - Training records / affairs bureau and social security bureau is not less than 80%. report H1-1-3 Monitoring and reporting H1-1-3 Mid & late of training process and implementation stage - A training implementation, management and monitoring program is - Trainee effectiveness established. satisfaction survey
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Time of Important Required activity Criterion / indicator of examination Examination method implementation prerequisite
H1-2-1 Solicitation and H1-2-1 Preparation - Communities conducting mobilization and consultation on training - Community consultation of farmers’ training stage needs of farmers are not less than 20% of all communities in the mobilization / needs town, and include at least one Hui community. consultation H1-2-2 Preparation records H1-2-2 Consultation and stage - Communities conducting farmer training are not les than 80% of all determination of training program communities. - List of trainees and for farmers H1-2-3 Preparation basic personal stage Households involved in farmer training are not less than 40% of all information - H1-2-3 Consultation on training households in the community. quota allocation scheme for H1-2-4 Mid & late - Training records / farmers implementation stage - Women involved in community mobilization and consultation on report training needs of farmers and herdsmen are not less than 20% of H1-2-4 Monitoring and reporting reps. - Trainee of training process and satisfaction survey effectiveness - Women are not less than 40% of all trainees, and not less than 35% for Hui communities.
H1-3-1 Determination of types H1-3-1 Preparation - The participation rate of rural broker training of the town is not less - List of trainees and and number of trainees in broker stage than 30%. basic personal training information H1-3-2 Preparation - Trainees cover all dominant industries of the town, such as brokers H1-3-2 Survey of brokers’ training stage of farm and animal products, brokers of productive means of - Training records / needs agriculture and stockbreeding, and traders and producers of farm report H1-3-3 Preparation and animal products. H1-3-3 Consultation and stage - Trainee determination of training program satisfaction survey H1-3-4 Mid & late H1-3-4 Monitoring and reporting implementation stage of training process and effectiveness
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8.3.3 Hongwansi Town
Table 59: Logic framework of the Hongwansi Town subproject (Part 1)
Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
I. Increasing horse and deer I1 Construction of a 500t I1-1 Construction of a I1-1-1 Consultation with Qilianshan - PMO production capacity, promoting refrigerated warehouse 500t refrigerated Biology Co. on warehouse horse and deer breeding, and at Qilianshan Biology Co. warehouse operation and management, and - Qilianshan Biology industry development benefit distribution Co.
I1-1-2 Consultation with Qilianshan - Reps. of horse and Biology Co. on the use of the deer breeders / High Medium warehouse by horse and deer brokers breeders or brokers - Consulting / I1-1-3 Monitoring and reporting of evaluation operation and management experts effectiveness of warehouse
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
J. Improving livestock deep J1 Construction of a 500t J1-1 Construction of a J1-1-1 Consultation with - PMO processing capacity, and refrigerated warehouse 500t low-temp warehouse Tiancheng Food Co. on promoting regional at Tiancheng Food Co. warehouse operation and - Tiancheng Food Co. socioeconomic development management, and benefit distribution - Reps. of herdsmen / brokers / traders / J1-1-2 Consultation with relevant Tiancheng Food Co. on the use of enterprises High Medium the warehouse by herdsmen, brokers, traders and other - Consulting / enterprises evaluation experts J1-1-3 Monitoring and reporting of operation and management effectiveness of warehouse
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
K. Improving trading environment, K1 Farm product bazaar K1-1 Local reconstruction K1-1-1 Consultation with existing - PMO promoting regional economic construction in of integrated bazaar directly and indirectly affected development Hongwansi Town traders / enterprises on loss - Reps. of existing compensation and resettlement directly or program indirectly affected traders of K1-1-2 Consultation with existing integrated bazaar users and tenants of old market (about to be a temporary - Reps. of users / resettlement site) on loss tenants of old compensation and resettlement bazaar High High program - Consulting / K1-1-3 Consultation with traders evaluation on the operation and management experts program of the reconstructed integrated bazaar
K1-1-4 Monitoring and reporting of loss compensation, temporary resettlement and market operation
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
L. Regulating the Qilian jade L1 Infrastructure L1-1 Infrastructure L1-1-1 Consultation with farmers, - PMO industry, and promoting the construction of the Qilian construction of the Qilian residents, traders, enterprises and orderly development of Qilian Jade Processing Zone Jade Processing Zone entities affected temporarily by - Reps. of farmers / jade resources, and regional construction on loss compensation residents affected socioeconomic development program by land acquisition and L1-1-2 Consultation on operation property and management program of the demolition completed Qilian Jade Processing High High Zone - Reps. of temporarily affected groups L1-1-3 Monitoring and reporting of loss compensation, and operation - Reps. of Qilian jade and management processors
- Consulting / evaluation experts
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
M. Promoting the conservation M1 Construction of the M1-1 Completion of the M1-1-1 Consultation with farmers, - PMO and development of traditional Ethnic Characteristic Ethnic Characteristic residents, traders, enterprises and culture, driving industry Product Processing and Product Processing and entities affected temporarily by - Reps. of farmers / restructuring, and accelerating Startup Training Center Startup Training Center construction on loss compensation residents affected surplus labor transfer program by land acquisition and M1-1-2 Consultation on operation property and management program of the demolition completed Ethnic Characteristic Product Processing and Startup - Reps. of temporarily Training Center affected groups High High
M1-1-3 Monitoring and reporting of - Reps. of Qilian jade loss compensation, and operation processors and management - Reps. of practitioners
- Consulting / evaluation experts
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
N. Capacity building of N1 Training of project N1-1 Training of project N1-1-1 Determination of types and - PMO staff stakeholders, promoting management staff, management staff number of trainees successful project implementation professionals, farmers - Heads of functional and the realization of expected and herdsmen N1-1-2 Consultation and departments benefits determination of training program - Resident township N1-1-3 Monitoring and reporting of officials in training process and effectiveness villages, village officials
- Warehouse operation and management staff High Medium - Integrated bazaar management staff
- Operation and management staff of the Ethnic Product Center
- Consulting / evaluation experts
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Ethnic minorities Objective Component Expected outputs Required project activities Participants Direct Correlation correlation
N1-2 Training of N1-2-1 Survey / determination of - PMO specialized technicians types and number of trainees - Specialized N1-2-2 Solicitation of training technicians needs and wishes - Consulting / High Medium N1-2-3 Consultation and evaluation / determination of training program training experts
N1-2-4 Monitoring and reporting of training process and effectiveness
N1-3 Farmer and N1-3-1 Solicitation of training - PMO herdsman training needs and wishes of farmers and herdsmen - Resident township officials in N1-3-2 Consultation and villages determination of training program for farmers and herdsmen - Village officials High High N1-3-3 Consultation on training - Farmers and quota allocation scheme for herdsmen farmers and herdsmen - Consulting / N1-3-4 Monitoring and reporting of evaluation / training process and effectiveness training experts
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Table 60: Logic framework of the Hongwansi Town subproject (Part 2)
Time of Important Required activity Criterion / indicator of examination Examination method implementation prerequisite
I1-1-1 Consultation with Qilianshan I1-1-1 Preparation - Horse and deer breeders are not less than 30% of all those - Consultation / Biology Co. on warehouse operation stage involved in consultation, and minority reps. are not less than not interview minutes and management, and benefit less than 50% of farmers and herdsmen involved in consultation. distribution I1-1-2 Preparation - Engagement stage - Written materials on the operation and management, and benefit survey I1-1-2 Consultation with Qilianshan distribution of the completed warehouse are prepared and Biology Co. on the use of the I1-1-3 Mid & late disclosed, where urban public awareness is not less than 30%, - Awareness warehouse by horse and deer implementation awareness among ethnic minorities not less than 30%, awareness survey breeders or brokers stage in farming and herding communities not less than 15%, and awareness in minority communities not less than 15%. - Satisfaction I1-1-3 Monitoring and reporting of survey operation and management effectiveness of warehouse
J1-1-1 Consultation with Tiancheng J1-1-1 Preparation - Reps. of farmers and herdsmen, brokers, traders and other - Consultation / Food Co. on warehouse operation stage enterprises are not less than 50% of all those involved in interview minutes and management, and benefit consultation, where minority reps. are not less than not less than distribution J1-1-2 Preparation 50% of reps. of farmers and herdsmen, and minority reps. are not - Engagement stage less than 30% of of all those involved in consultation. survey J1-1-2 Consultation with Tiancheng Food Co. on the use of the J1-1-3 Mid & late - Written materials on the operation and management, and benefit - Awareness warehouse by herdsmen, brokers, implementation distribution of the completed warehouse are prepared and survey traders and other enterprises stage disclosed, where urban public awareness is not less than 30%, awareness among ethnic minorities not less than 30%, awareness - Satisfaction J1-1-3 Monitoring and reporting of in farming and herding communities not less than 15%, and survey operation and management awareness in minority communities not less than 15%. effectiveness of warehouse
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Time of Important Required activity Criterion / indicator of examination Examination method implementation prerequisite
K1-1-1 Consultation with existing K1-1-1 Preparation - Reps. of directly and indirectly affected traders, and affected - Consultation / directly and indirectly affected traders stage traders of the old bazaar are not less than 70% of all those interview minutes / enterprises on loss compensation involved in consultation, where directly affected traders are not less and resettlement program K1-1-2 Preparation than 20%, and minority reps. are not less than not less than 20% of - Engagement stage all those involved in consultation. survey K1-1-2 Consultation with existing users and tenants of old market K1-1-3 Preparation - Written materials on the loss compensation and resettlement - Awareness (about to be a temporary resettlement stage program are prepared and disclosed, where urban public survey site) on loss compensation and awareness is not less than 30%, awareness among ethnic resettlement program K1-1-4 Mid & late minorities not less than 30%, awareness in farming and herding - Satisfaction implementation communities not less than 15%, and awareness in minority survey K1-1-3 Consultation with traders on stage communities not less than 15%. the operation and management program of the reconstructed integrated bazaar
K1-1-4 Monitoring and reporting of loss compensation, temporary resettlement and market operation
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Time of Important Required activity Criterion / indicator of examination Examination method implementation prerequisite compensation and resettlement L1-1-1 Preparation - Minority reps. are not less than 30% of reps. of stakeholders - Consultation / program stage affected temporarily by construction and involved in consultation. interview minutes
L1-1-1 Consultation with farmers, L1-1-2 Preparation - Not less than 20 Qilian jade processors are involved in - Engagement residents, traders, enterprises and stage consultation, where minority reps. are not less than 30%. survey entities affected temporarily by construction on loss compensation L1-1-3 Preparation - Written materials on the loss compensation and resettlement - Awareness program stage program are prepared and disclosed, where urban public survey awareness is not less than 30%, awareness among ethnic L1-1-2 Consultation on operation and L1-1-4 Mid & late minorities not less than 30%, awareness in farming and herding - Satisfaction management program of the implementation communities not less than 15%, and awareness in minority survey completedQilian Jade Processing stage communities not less than 15%. Zone
L1-1-3 Monitoring and reporting of loss compensation, and operation and management
M1-1-1 Consultation with farmers, M1-1-1 Preparation - Minority reps. are not less than 30% of reps. of stakeholders - Consultation / residents, traders, enterprises and stage affected temporarily by construction and involved in consultation. interview minutes entities affected temporarily by construction on loss compensation M1-1-2 Preparation - Not less than 15 ethnic characteristic product processors are - Engagement program stage involved in consultation, where minority reps. are not less than survey 30%. M1-1-2 Consultation on operation and M1-1-3 Preparation - Awareness management program of the stage - Written materials on the loss compensation and resettlement survey completed Ethnic Characteristic program are prepared and disclosed, where urban public Product Processing and Startup M1-1-4 Mid & late awareness is not less than 30%, awareness among ethnic - Satisfaction Training Center implementation minorities not less than 30%, awareness in farming and herding survey stage communities not less than 15%, and awareness in minority M1-1-3 Monitoring and reporting of communities not less than 15%. loss compensation, and operation and management
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Time of Important Required activity Criterion / indicator of examination Examination method implementation prerequisite
N1-1-1 Determination of types and N1-1-1 Preparation - Not less than 80% of members of county/town PMOs are involved. - List of trainees number of trainees stage and basic - The participation rate of key competent authorities is not less than personal N1-1-2 Consultation and N1-1-2 Preparation 80%, such as development and reform bureau, finance bureau, information determination of training program stage agriculture / stockbreeding bureau, water resources bureau, traffic bureau, ethnic and religious affairs bureau, poverty relief office, - Training records / N1-1-3 Monitoring and reporting of N1-1-3 Mid & late women’s association, civil affairs bureau, and labor and social report training process and effectiveness implementation security bureau. stage - Trainee - Not less than 50% of resident township officials in villages and satisfaction village officials are trained. survey
- Not less than 60% of the operation and management staff of project facilities is trained.
- A training implementation, management and monitoring program is established.
N1-2-1 Survey / determination of N1-2-1 Preparation - Minority reps. are not less than 50% of all trainees of ethnic - List of trainees types and number of trainees stage characteristic product processing. and basic personal N1-2-2 Solicitation of training needs N1-2-2 Preparation - Minority reps. are not less than not less than 50% all trainees of information and wishes stage jade processing and distribution training. - Training records / N1-2-3 Consultation and N1-2-3 Preparation report determination of training program stage - Trainee N1-2-4 Monitoring and reporting of N1-2-4 Mid & late satisfaction training process and effectiveness implementation survey stage
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Time of Important Required activity Criterion / indicator of examination Examination method implementation prerequisite
N1-3-1 Solicitation of training needs N1-3-1 Preparation - Communities conducting mobilization and consultation on training - List of trainees and wishes of farmers and herdsmen stage needs of farmers and herdsmen are not less than 20% of all and basic communities in the town, and include at least one Yugu and personal N1-3-2 Consultation and N1-3-2 Preparation Tibetan community each. information determination of training program for stage farmers and herdsmen - Communities conducting farmer and herdsman training are not les - Training records / N1-3-3 Preparation than 80% of all communities. report N1-3-3 Consultation on training quota stage allocation scheme for farmers and - In any community where training is given, not less than 40% of all - Trainee herdsmen N1-3-4 Mid & late farmers and herdsmen are trained, where ethnic minorities are not satisfaction implementation less than 50% of all trainees and women not less than 30%. survey N1-3-4 Monitoring and reporting of stage training process and effectiveness
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9. Appeal Handling
Since the stakeholder groups involved in the Project are very extensive and complex, conflicts, disputes and appeals will arise directly or indirectly from the Project inevitably. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to develop a normative Appeal Handling Mechanism to provide rational dispositions to possible conflicts and disputes, and avoid irrational behavior and resulting potential risks.
As one of the key outputs of the SA, the detailed items and procedures of appeal handling will be described in more detail in the Appeal Handling Mechanism.
9.1 Subjects of appeal
Subjects of appeal in the Project are directly or indirectly affected stakeholders. In view of the components of the two subprojects involved in the EMDP, and the socioeconomic differences in the project areas, subjects of appeal the Project will include the following mainly:
Table 61: List of stakeholders involved in appeal handling
Type Scope of application
Appellants - Displaced farmers / herdsmen / - Market traders or enterprises residents / traders - Market management agencies - Ordinary farmers/ herdsmen / residents - Individuals, entities or agencies - Processors of jade or ethnic affected temporarily by construction characteristic products, and other professionals - Market suppliers providing products or services to the Project - Specialized brokers
Appellees - County/town PMOs, and other project - Government departments and implementation and management agencies competent authorities
- Construction agency - Public service and public product supply departments concerned - Market management agencies - Market suppliers providing products or services to the Project
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Type Scope of application
Accepting and - County/town PMOs, and other project - Market management agencies handling agencies implementation and management agencies - Public service or public product - Government departments and supply departments concerned competent authorities - Judicial authority
9.2 Scope of appeal
9.2.1 By appellant
1) Appeals from directly affected groups
- Directly affected groups: including vegetable growers and brokers affected by road construction, and the construction of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center in Dongwan Town; urban traders and farmers / residents affected by road construction in Hongshui Town, farmers in the two Hui villages, and Han farmers in some other villages involved directly in household stockbreeding funding; traders of the integrated bazaar, jade processors, ethnic characteristic product processors, and displaced households in Hongwansi Town
- Possible appeals may include appeals of vegetable growers about the quality of road construction, and appeals of vegetable brokers about the management agency’s failure to provide proper cleaning services after entry into the Vegetable Testing & Trading Center in Dongwan Town.
2) Appeals from indirectly affected groups
- Indirectly affected groups: including farmers, traders and enterprises affected in production or livelihood after the completion of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center in Dongwan Town; breeding sheep suppliers and alfalfa demanding enterprises in Hongshui Town; entities and individuals around the Qilian Jade Processing Zone, and other stockbreeding enterprises and traders unable to use the two warehouses equally in Hongwansi Town
- Possible appeals may include appeals of nearby entities or individuals about solid waste and noise pollution of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center in Dongwan Town; appeals of breeding sheep suppliers in Hongshui Town about failure to receive sheep purchase funds timely; and appeals of entities and
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individuals around the Qilian Jade Processing Zone in Hongwansi Town about processing noise
9.2.2 By appellee
Depending on the role, and responsibilities and obligations of each stakeholder group in the Project,, all stakeholders can be divided into target groups, affected groups, owners, implementing and management agencies, construction agencies, O&M agencies, public service providers for the operation of project facilities, and competent authorities. Among the above stakeholder groups, the target and affected groups of the Project are appellants mainly, while other groups from owners to competent authorities are usually appellees.
Therefore, possible appeals are divided by appellee as follows:
1) Appeals against owners
- According to the project design, the owner of each subproject is the town government, and government departments at different levels perform their respectively responsibilities and obligations through PMOs at different levels.
- Appeals against owners, such as appeals of vegetable growers in Dongwan Town about the town PMO’s failure to conduct effective supervision over construction quality, appeals of farmers in Hui communities of Hongshui Town against the town PMO about poor quality of breeding sheep, and appeals of displaced farmers / residents in Hongwansi Town against town PMO about too low compensation rates
2) Appeals against implementing and management agencies
- Agencies responsible for project implementation and management include town PMOs, community project implementation committees, and operation and management agencies of project facilities, such as the management agencies of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center in Dongwan Town, the Qilian Jade Processing Zone in and the integrated bazaar Hongwansi Town.
- Appeals against implementing and management agencies may include appeals about failure to compensate effectively for land temporarily occupied for the Project, appeals of farmers on failure to participate in project training services equally, and appeals of vegetable brokers in Dongwan Town about failure to gain equal access to the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center for business operations.
3) Appeals against construction agencies
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- Appeals against construction agencies may include appeals about failure to take effective control measures against temporary construction impacts, appeals about failure to compensate effectively for production and livelihood impacts on entities or individuals arising from construction, and appeals against the construction quality of construction agencies.
4) Appeals against public service providers
- Public service providers related to the proper operation of project facilities, such as water, power and gas supply, environmental sanitation, communication, traffic and public security authorities.
- Appeals are focused on failure of the effective supply of the above public services.
5) Appeals against competent authorities
- Competent authorities here refer mainly to those responsible for the supply of public services or resources related to the Project, such as agriculture bureau, water resources bureau, traffic bureau, poverty relief office, women’s association, social security bureau, and civil affairs bureau.
- Possible appeals may involve the unequal allocation of resources or services supplied by competent authorities or the absence of compensation measures for external losses.
9.2.3 By time of appeal
The Project can be divided into the preparation stage, implementation stage, and operation and management stages in general, where a certain component may progress differently across different subprojects. However, possible appeals are the same for all components.
1) Appeals arising at the preparation stage: Appeals arising in this stage may include appeals of displaced farmers / residents against compensation rates, and the site and size of resettlement housing, appeals of farmers / residents around the proposed site of the Qilian Jade Processing Zone about the site, and appeals of farmers in Hongshui Town about excessively high self-financing rates in stockbreeding funding.
2) Appeals arising at the implementation stage: Appeals arising in this stage are usually related to specific issues arising from project implementation, such as appeals about the unbalanced allocation of breeding sheep and the unequal allocation of silo construction quotas.
3) Appeals arising at the O&M stage: Appeals arising in this stage may be related to failure of proper functioning of project facilities, such as road damage, failure of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center to
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dispose of daily waste properly, and water or power outage of the Qilian Jade Processing Zone; and may also be related to the operation and management of project facilities, such as appeals about excessively high operating costs, and about unfair competition behavior at the bazaar.
9.2.4 By point of appeal
Since the main components of the Project are intended to provide public services or products, some appeals will be focused on the inequality of benefits or loss compensation for different stakeholder groups, while other appeals will be focused on operation and management issues arising from the supply of public services or products by project facilities.
1) Conflict-based appeals —Conflicts may arise from the unequal allocation of breeding sheep, silo and alfalfa resources, or excessively self-financing rates in Hui communities of Hongshui Town, and displaced farmers / residents in Hongwansi Town may be dissatisfied with the compensation rates and resettlement program.
2) Operation / management appeals —Such appeals will occur at the implementation, and operation and management stages mainly, and appellees are usually PMO, operation and management agencies, implementing agencies, and suppliers of public services.
9.3 Principles of appeal and handling
To ensure that the Project is implemented successfully, and the Appeal Handling Mechanism is practically operable, the appeal handling procedures should meet the following key principles:
1) Principle of lawfulness and rationality
Appeals should be related to the Project and justified.
The appeal handling procedures, and the process, management and plan of appeal handling should comply with the applicable laws and regulations, and the institutional norms on specific issues in the project areas.
Since issues that may be encountered in the project vary greatly, and should be redressed using different methods and means, it is necessary to redress such issues reasonably according to the socioeconomic background, and cultural and religious customs of the project areas and any specific community or appellant on a lawful basis, so that the redress procedure and outcome are compatible with the social reality.
2) Principle of unconditional and free acceptance
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Any agency responsible for appeal handling should not refuse to accept any justifiable appeal for any reason, and should not collect any handling fee from the appellant.
3) Principle of maximum interests of target groups, and principle of protection of rights and interests of vulnerable groups
The procedures, mode, method, outcome and plan of appeal handling should be such that they do not add to the economic burden, social pressure and mental stress of any appellant, and are for the maximum benefit of such appellant.
On the basis of conformity with the above principles, the appeal handling scheme should also ensure the adequate and free participation and consultation of ethnic minorities, the disabled, the poor, women, and other vulnerable and marginal groups under equal conditions in the appeal handling process, and ensure that their lawful rights and interests are not infringed on.
4) Principle of operability and feasibility
This refers mainly to operability and feasibility at the technical and instrumental level, the legal and regulatory level, human, financial and material resources level, and cultural and customs level.
5) Principle of adequate negotiation
In the appeal handling process, the appeal accepting and handling agency should conduct extensive and in-depth investigation into the issue in question and the stakeholders involved, and free, unrestricted discussion and consultation on the appeal handling scheme so as to ensure that the final scheme is accepted by all stakeholders.
6) Principle of independence and challenge
Since an appeal may involve the allocation of resources and interests, though the appeal handling agency has to conduct extensive investigation and consultation, the appellant and the appellee should not take any intervening action other than one allowed by the Appeal Handling Mechanism to affect the agency’s disposition for such appeal.
If the appellee is a PMO or project implementation committee, or any other project implementation and management agency, it should not act concurrently as the appeal accepting and handling agency; instead, the PMO or leading agency at the next higher level should accept the appeal as the appeal handling agency, and handle such appeal as stipulated.
7) Principle of confidentiality
During appeal handling, any information that the appellant requires to keep confidential should be so treated by the accepting agency.
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9.4 Modes of appeal
Depending on the appeal and its practical socioeconomic background, different appeals may be filed in different modes, including:
9.4.1 Oral/written
(1). Oral appeal —The appellant reflects any difficulty encountered by it in relation to the Project, or any issue in project implementation or operation to the PMO, community organization, government department or any other agency responsible in a non-written manner.
(2). Written appeal —The appellant files a formal written appeal to the agency or department responsible, specifying its personal information, matter and cause of appeal, expected disposition, and suggestions or comments on such appeal. The written appeal should be made in triplicate, with one original kept by the appellant, the appellee and the PMO each. (See the appendix hereto for the format of the written appeal.) In a view to effective appeal handling, the Appeal Handling Mechanism suggests that written appeal is preferable.
9.4.2 Rational/irrational
(1). Rational appeal —The appellant, the appellee and the appeal handling agency should handle the appeal rationally in accordance with the Appeal Handling Mechanism, and the applicable laws and regulations, and should not handle it by violence or illegally, and should not retaliate on the appellant in any form.
(2). Irrational appeal —Due to any conflict of interest or for any other reason, the appellant files an appeal in the form of violence or illegal gathering, or the appellee responds to the appeal by retaliation or violence, or the appeal handling agency refuses to accept the appeal, accepts but not handles the appeal, or takes any obviously biased disposition. One of the key objectives of the Appeal Handling Mechanism is to avoid irrational appeals. 9.4.3 Non-public/public
(1). Non-public appeal —Non-public appeal means information blocking during application, acceptance and handling without disclosure to other stakeholders and the general public other than the direct subjects of such appeal, especially the appeal handling result and scheme. To ensure the successful implementation of the Project, reduce or avoid potential socioeconomic risks, and ensure that the target groups, especially ethnic minorities, the poor and other vulnerable groups, benefit from the Project, non-public appeal is not recommended.
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(2). Public appeal —Information is disclosed (or it is ensured that the final disposition is disclosed) during the whole appeal handling process from application to handling. The information disclosure mechanism required for public appeal will be described in more detail in “provisions and management of appeals”.
9.4.4 Level by level/cross-level
(1). Level-by-level appeal —This is the most common appeal in which the appellant files an appeal with the immediate agency responsible or competent authority. The Appeal Handling Mechanism suggests that the level-by-level appeal handling mode should be preferred.
(2). Cross-level appeal —This means that the appellant files an appeal with the agency responsible or competent authority of the next higher level while bypassing the immediate agency responsible or competent authority. This mode includes first and subsequent cross-level appeal. The former means the appellant files an appeal with the agency responsible or competent authority of the next higher level from the beginning, while the latter means the appellant files an appeal with the agency responsible or competent authority of the next higher when the level-by-level appeal fails or the appellant is dissatisfied with the appeal handling result thereof. The Appeal Handling Mechanism advocates that the appellant files an appeal level by level for the first time, but does not prohibit the appellant from conducting lawful cross- level appeal where appropriately.
9.5 Modes of appeal handling
Since the main purpose of appeal handling is to provide a lawful and rational settlement mechanism for possible conflicts, disputes and crises related to the project, and protect all stakeholders’ lawful rights and interests, and rights of benefit, participation, information and supervision in the Project to the greatest extent, and realize the expected socioeconomic benefits, it is hard to apply any only or uniform disposition to different types of appeals.
The Appeal Handling Mechanism suggests that one of the following five appeal handling modes be applied as the case may be:
9.5.1 Self-mediation
This mode applies when any conflict or dispute does not involve any third party, such as disputes over the benefit distribution between proprietors and tenants of demolished properties in Hongwansi Town. If self-mediation fails, any other handling mode will apply.
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9.5.2 Community mediation
This mode applies when any conflict or dispute occurs in a certain community only, such as conflicts of interest arising from the possible unequal allocation of breeding rams in Hui communities of Hongshui Town, and disputes among displaced residents over the potential unbalanced housing allocation in resettlement communities in Hongwansi Town. The main force of community mediation is community governance organizations, including the village committee, CPC branch, community committee, specialized cooperative or association, community elites and religious leaders, etc. Such conflicts or disputes are settled in traditional ways of among farmers / residents, especially minority communities. The PMO or the project implementation staff must respect a community’s own cultural features and traditional ways of public governance, and should not apply any externally common method forcibly without consultation with the community.
9.5.3 Mediation/handling at the project level
This mode applies when any conflict or dispute involves extensive stakeholder groups beyond a single community, such as appeals of displaced residents about the compensation rates for property demolition, the quality of the resettlement housing, and the availability of public services in Hongwansi Town, and appeals of nearby farmers, residents, traders, enterprises and other stakeholders about construction impacts during road construction in Hongshui Town. Town and county PMOs are agencies responsible for project- level mediation, and their goal is to eliminate or mitigate potential conflicts and disputes by improving the project implementation process within the allowable extent.
9.5.4 Mediation/handling at the administrative level
This mode applies when none of the above modes is effective, or any conflict, dispute or appeal goes beyond the scope of project-level mediation, or involves multiple communities or stakeholder groups, e.g., when the Qilian Jade Processing Zone in Hongwansi Town extends the scale of processing and exploitation at the operation stage, thereby resulting in any conflict of resource or interest among different administrative areas, or affecting the traditional production mode or lifestyle of any ethnic minority. Subjects of administrative mediation or handling are government agencies at all levels, and competent authorities.
9.5.5 Judicial mediation or judgment
This is the final disposition of appeal handling of the Project. It should be stressed that if any appeal arising from project implementation has to resort to judicial mediation or judgment, the owner is obligated to provide necessary legal services to the subjects of appeal.
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Point of appeal
Self -mediation
Community mediation
Internal mediation or handling
Town PMO
County PMO
Municipal PMO
Provi ncial PMO
Judicial mediation or judgment Administrative mediation or judgment
Township judicial station Town government
County government and competent department County people ’s court
Municipal government and competent department
Municipal intermediate people ’s court Above government and competent department
Final administrative Final judgment ruling
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Figure 4: Flowchart of appeal handling mechanism
9.6 Responsibilities and obligations of subjects of appeal
9.6.1 Appellant
1) Filing an appeal to the village committee / CPC branch /community committee, PMO, local government or competent authority based on facts; filing a written appeal in case of written application;
2) Assisting the appeal accepting and handling agency in the investigation of the appeal, and providing necessary information;
3) Assisting the appeal handling agency in coordination or mediation, and giving comments or suggestions on the possible disposition;
4) Not giving any form of material or monetary bribe to the appeal accepting and handling agency or the person responsible for appeal handling in an attempt to affect the appeal handling result;
5) The appellant has the right to doubt or refuses to accept the final disposition of the appeal handling agency, and file an appeal with the appeal handling agency of the next higher level;
6) Evaluating the work of the appeal handling agency and the person responsible for appeal handling (see the appendix for the Appeal Handling Evaluation Form).
9.6.2 Appellee
1) Assisting the appeal accepting and handling agency in the investigation of the appeal, and providing necessary information;
2) Assisting the appeal handling agency in coordination or mediation, and giving comments or suggestions on the possible disposition;
3) Not giving any form of material or monetary bribe to the appeal accepting and handling agency or the person responsible for appeal handling in an attempt to affect the appeal handling result;
4) The appellee has the right to doubt or refuses to accept the final disposition of the appeal handling agency, and file an appeal with the appeal handling agency of the next higher level;
5) If the appellee agrees with the appeal handling result, it should enforce such result.
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6) Evaluating the work of the appeal handling agency and the person responsible for appeal handling
9.6.3 Accepting and handling agencies
1) The appeal accepting and handling agency is obligated to communicate and explain the Appeal Handling Mechanism to the appellant, appellee and other stakeholders, and encourage them to adopt a rational appeal handling mode to handle issues arising from the Project;
2) Accepting any rational appeal of the appellant unconditionally;
3) The appeal handling agency should not collect any handling fee from the appellant or appellee, and should not take any material or monetary bribe from the appellant or appellee.
4) Registering appeal information for reference, conducting fieldwork, coordination and mediation, issuing the disposition, and disclosing relevant information according to the provisions and procedures for appeal acceptance and handling;
5) Conducting objective and just fieldwork for information collection, coordination and mediation;
6) Issuing the final appeal handling opinion to the appellant and the appellee;
7) Supervising the enforcement of the appeal handling opinion;
8) The appeal handling agency and its head must conduct appeal handling objectively and justly, and should not handle the appeal unjustly for private interest or any improper reason;
9) No member of the appeal handling agency should intervene in or affect the appeal handling process.
10) If the appellant or appellee refuses to accept the final appeal handling opinion, it is obligated to handle the appeal according to the procedures again, and issue a new disposition;
11) If the appellant or appellee needs cross-level appeal, such appeal should not be hindered, and should be assisted unconditionally;
12) If the appellant is unable to file a written appeal independently, completing and filing a written appeal for the appellant without compensation;
13) If the appeal accepting and handling agency is the appellee itself, it should not accept such appeal, and should file the appeal to the appeal handling agency of the next higher level;
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14) Accepting the supervision and evaluation of the appellant and the appellee.
9.7 Provisions and management of appeals
9.7.1 Application for appeal
1) Any individual, agency or entity interested in the Project has the right to file an appeal. Application for appeal does not require the approval and stamping of the village committee and CPC branch/ community committee, local government or the entity concerned.
2) Any appeal filed must be related to the Project. An appeal handling agency may reject any application for appeal unrelated to the Project, but must give a reasonable explanation to the appellant.
3) Any request for appeal filed by the appellant, whether a written application is submitted, must be accepted by the appeal handling agency unconditionally, and handled according to the appeal handling procedures and provisions.
9.7.2 Handling of appeals
1) The appeal accepting and handling agency should designate a person to be responsible specifically for the whole appeal handling process. A special designee responsibility system for appeal accepting and handling is applied.
2) The appeal handling agency should register all appeal information for reference in a unified manner.
3) The appeal handling process should observe the following principles:
a) In the appeal handling process, any new conflict between the appellant and the appellee should be avoided.
b) In the appeal handling process, except any chargeable item stipulated in the applicable laws and regulations, no charge should be collected from the appellant, the appellee and other stakeholders for any reason. For any charge collected according to law, the basis and rate of charging must be explained to the subject of collection, and a formal voucher or invoice should be issued.
c) In the appeal handling process, the appellant, the appellee and other stakeholders must be investigated and consulted extensively and deeply to ensure that the appeal handling scheme
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is suited to the socioeconomic background, and traditional and religious customs of the appellant and the appellee.
d) The final appeal handling opinion and scheme should not violate the applicable state or local laws and regulations.
e) The person responsible for appeal handling should record the appeal handling process, and keep such records as appeal handling files.
4) After the appeal handling opinion has been determined, a formal written appeal handling opinion or letter should be submitted to the appellant, the appellee and the PMO, and the parties concerned should act on the appeal handling result.
9.7.3 Appeal information management
To regulate project management, ensure that project benefits are shared fairly, and reduce or eliminate potential risks, appeal information management is an integral part of the Appeal Handling Mechanism.
1) Appeal information registration system
a) The appeal accepting and handling agency should develop a detailed appeal information registration system.
b) Upon receipt of any appeal information, the appeal accepting and handling agency should register the appeal information timely, supplement and improve the registered information with the progress of handling, and keep such information on record.
c) After appeal information has been registered, the appeal accepting and handling agency should not refuse any public application for appeal information of the appellant, appellee, other stakeholders and the general public at any time.
2) Scope of disclosure
a) Point or matter of appeal
b) Appellant (if the appellant has to be kept confidential for any reason, its basic information should not be disclosed)
c) Person responsible for appeal handling
d) Appeal handling scheme
e) Progress of appeal handling
3) Subjects of disclosure
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a) PMO : Although a PMO is not the accepting and handling agency of all appeals, it has to register all appeals arising from the Project and all appeal information, and assist the appeal accepting and handling agency in information release and filing as a project implementing agency.
b) Government departments at different levels : releasing information on appeals settled through administrative procedures
c) Competent authorities : releasing information on appeals handled by competent authorities or public service providers
d) Legal departments : releasing information on appeals settled through legal proceedings
4) Mode of disclosure
a) Community bulletin board
b) Government information website
c) Website of the competent authority
5) Time of disclosure
a) The acceptor should give a formal appeal handling opinion to the appellant within 15 working days from the date of receipt of the appellant’s application.
b) The acceptor should disclose the appeal handling scheme at the appellant’s village/community/agency, the appellee’s village/community/agency, the bulletin board of the project town, and the public information network of the project county within 30 working days from the date of receipt of the appellant’s application.
9.7.4 Disclosure of appeal information
To regulate project management, ensure that project benefits are shared fairly, and reduce or eliminate potential risks, appeal information management is an integral part of the Appeal Handling Mechanism.
6) Scope of disclosure
- Point or matter of appeal
- Appellant (if the appellant has to be kept confidential for any reason, its basic information should not be disclosed)
- Person responsible for appeal handling
- Appeal handling scheme
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- Progress of appeal handling
7) Subjects of disclosure
- PMO : Although a PMO is not the accepting and handling agency of all appeals, it has to register all appeals arising from the Project and all appeal information, and assist the appeal accepting and handling agency in information release and filing as a project implementing agency.
- Government departments at different levels : releasing information on appeals settled through administrative procedures
- Competent authorities : releasing information on appeals handled by competent authorities or public service providers
- Legal departments : releasing information on appeals settled through legal proceedings
8) Mode of disclosure
- Community bulletin board
- Government information website
- Website of the competent authority
9) Time of disclosure :
- The PMO or any other department responsible should disclose the point or matter of appeal to the appellant within 15 working days from the date of receipt of the appellant’s application.
- The PMO or any other department responsible should give a formal appeal handling opinion, and disclose the appeal handling scheme within 15 working days from the date of receipt of the appellant’s application.
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10. Risk mitigation measures
According to potential negative impacts and risks of the Project, and the socioeconomic profile of the project areas, key risk mitigation measures include:
10.1 Dongwan Town
10.1.1 Mitigation measures of economic risks
(1). Cost accounting: Rents and other operating costs of he Vegetable Testing and Trading Center should be calculated scientifically, so that the unit operating costs of traders at the bazaar are not higher than those of separate operation, thereby reducing any extra burden on vegetable brokers when they are operating at the bazaar.
(2). Price hearing and disclosure: The stall rent and operating cost rates of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center should be determined through public hearing and consultation. See the Community Participation Handbook for specific requirements.
(3). Policy support for vegetable brokers: Vegetable brokers who are unable to afford extra operating costs at the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center should be covered by prevailing preferential policies in order to support their development, such as discount government loans and small-grant mortgage loans for women.
(4). Policy support for vegetable growers: For vegetable growers with poor economic conditions or who have just begun to grow vegetables, may experience such problems as being unable to afford the one-time investment in greenhouse construction or unacceptable cultivation techniques. Policy support under the existing framework should be provided, such as discount government loans and small-grant mortgage loans for women.
(5). Arable land occupation and replacement: Arable land of farmers occupied for the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center should be replaced with land of at least the same fertility and amount.
10.1.2 Mitigation measures of social risks
(1). Social gender and project implementation: In farmer training, full play should be given to the role of women in production and living, and their participation in project training fully ensured, especially skills training on vegetable cultivation and management.
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(2). Support in small-grant loans for women: For poor women, the town government and the PMO should assist affected women in applying for small-grant loans for women to improve their production capacity in coordination with the women’s association and the finance authority.
10.1.3 Mitigation measures of environmental risks
The environmental risk mitigation measures of the Dongwan Town subproject are focused on temporary land occupation, noise and dust pollution, traffic jam and building waste disposal at the construction stage, and the waste disposal of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center. See the EMP for specific environmental risk mitigation measures.
10.1.4 Mitigation measures of organizational and management risks
(1). Improving project implementation management systems: According to the Community Participation Handbook, the following tasks should be done:
a) Preparation stage: conducting free, prior and information community mobilization and participation, and determining the specific project implementation program and programs for key issue handling;
b) Implementation stage: improving the project supervision management system, project procurement system, and project financial and material management system, etc.
c) Operation and management stage: establishing and improving O&M systems for the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center, vegetable base roads and canals
(2). Improving the grass-root organizational structure of the Project:
a) Establishing community project implementation committees in 5 directly affected communities
b) Establishing a vegetable growers association, defining its functions, improving its operation and management systems, conducting capacity building for its members, and promoting its role in vegetable production, project management, and bazaar operation and management
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10.2 Hongshui Town
10.2.1 Mitigation measures of economic risks
(1). Reduction and exemption of self-financed funds for extremely poor households: For extremely poor households, such as the disabled and five-guarantee households, if they are unable to afford self-financed funds, these funds should be partly or fully exempted, and the exempted amount should be included in the project budget.
(2). Rural MLS and assistance programs: Any poor household that does not receive support under the Project should be included in rural minimum living security (MLS) and assistance programs with priority.
(3). Support from agriculture support projects: For poor farmers who are able to work and willing to engage in agriculture or stockbreeding, the town government and the PMO should assist them in inclusion in existing governmental agriculture support projects, such as discount government loans and small-grant loans for women.
(4). Guarantee of alfalfa market: The town government and the PMO should commit breeding enterprises and major breeders to purchase alfalfa forage grown by local farmers with priority under equal conditions.
10.2.2 Mitigation measures of social risks
(1). Community decision-making on the allocation of project funding quotas: According to the Community Participation Handbook, community participation should be consulted on the allocation of mutton sheep breeding, silo construction, alfalfa cultivation and farmer training quotas in every community covered by project funding, so that the poor, ethnic minorities and women enjoy benefits first, and the quota allocation program should be accepted by most farmers in the community.
(2). Community participation in mutton sheep purchase: Fine-breed mutton sheep should be purchased under the leadership of the community project implementation committee with the assistance of PMO members in order to ensure that ewes and breeding rams purchased meet practical needs.
(3). Social gender and project implementation: During project implementation and farmer training, women should be sufficiently involved in view of their important role in production and living, especially in stockbreeding skills training.
(4). Support in small-grant loans for women: For poor women, the town government and the PMO should assist affected women in applying
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for small-grant loans for women to improve their production capacity in coordination with the women’s association and the finance authority.
10.2.3 Mitigation measures of environmental risks
The environmental risk mitigation measures of the Hongshui Town subproject are focused on temporary land occupation, noise, air and dust pollution, traffic jam and building waste disposal at the construction stage. See the EMP for specific environmental risk mitigation measures.
10.2.4 Mitigation measures of organizational and management risks
(1). Improving project implementation management systems: According to the Community Participation Handbook, the following tasks should be done:
a) Preparation stage: conducting free, prior and information community mobilization and participation, and determining the specific project implementation program and programs for key issue handling;
b) Implementation stage: improving the project supervision management system, project procurement system, project financial and material management system, community participation system, etc.
c) Operation and management stage: establishing and improving project operation and management procedures, and bazaar road O&M systems
(2). Improving the grass-root organizational structure of the Project:
a) Establishing community project implementation committees in two Hui villages
10.3 Hongwansi Town
10.3.1 Mitigation measures of economic risks
(1). Giving priority to existing traders: After the completion of the farm product bazaar, priority should be given to existing traders for entry into the new bazaar. In addition, priority should be given to minority traders under equal conditions.
(2). Reduction of operating costs: For existing traders, operating losses arising from temporary relocation during bazaar construction should be considered, and they should be entitled to a certain period (3-6 months) of preference or exemption for stall rents and bazaar
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management fees; for extremely poor traders, such as disabled individuals, greater preference or even full exemption should be provided.
(3). Industry support policy: For Qilian jade and ethnic characteristic product processors, the town government and the PMO should assist them in obtaining discount government loans and small-grant loans for women to improve their production capacity.
(4). Regulating the “company + breeder” operating pattern: The “company + breeder” operating pattern between Qilianshan Biology Co., and horse and deer breeders should be regulated; the agriculture / stockbreeding bureau and other functional departments should supervise the company and breeders to perform their respective responsibilities and obligations, and punish those violating the breeding contract intentionally.
(5). Promoting stockbreeding insurance: The agriculture / stockbreeding bureau and the Hongwansi Town government should effect insurance for horse and deer breeding that involves great investment and high market risks in coordination with commercial insurance companies, and provide feasible options for risk aversion to breeders.
10.3.2 Mitigation measures of social risks
(1). Balance between the development and protection of traditional culture: The PMO should direct and assist ethnic the characteristic product processing association (to be established) to evaluate main types of products, production and processing techniques, technical improvements, existing issues and difficulties in the industry comprehensively, conduct technical innovation and realize traditional culture protection.
(2). Video recording of traditional processing techniques of ethnic characteristic products: Existing traditional processing techniques should be shot comprehensively and produced into a set of teaching CDs for the purpose of training and conservation.
(3). Strengthening the market-based operation and management of refrigerated warehouses: A market-based operation and management mechanism should be established for the refrigerated warehouses to prevent them from becoming exclusive facilities of the two relevant companies, so that traders and traders in the project area can use the refrigerated warehouses at market price and in a market- based manner.
(4). Protection of rights and interests of ethnic minorities: During project implementation, it should be ensured that ethnic minorities benefit from the Project in accordance with the EMDP.
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(5). Social gender and project implementation: Women should be fully involved in decisions related to project implementation, training and capacity building in view of their important role in production and living, especially Qilian jade processing, ethnic characteristic product processing, stockbreeding skills and management.
(6). Support in small-grant loans for women: For poor women, the town government and the PMO should assist affected women in applying for small-grant loans for women to improve their production capacity in coordination with the women’s association and the finance authority.
10.3.3 Mitigation measures of environmental risks
The environmental risk mitigation measures of the Hongwansi Town subproject are focused on temporary land occupation, noise, air and dust pollution, traffic jam and building waste disposal at the construction stage, and commercial waste disposal and grassland ecology protection at the operation stage. See the EMP for specific environmental risk mitigation measures.
10.3.4 Mitigation measures of organizational and management risks
(1). Improving project implementation management systems: According to the Community Participation Handbook, the following tasks should be done:
a) Preparation stage: conducting free, prior and information community mobilization and participation, and determining the specific project implementation program and programs for key issue handling;
b) Implementation stage: improving the project supervision management system, project procurement system, project financial and material management system, community participation system, etc.
c) Operation and management stage: establishing and improving operation and management systems for the refrigerated warehouses, integrated bazaar, Qilian Jade Processing Zone, and the Qilian Jade Processing Zone; Construction of the Ethnic Characteristic Product Processing and Startup Training Center
(2). Improving the grass-root organizational structure of the Project:
a) Establishing community project implementation committees in 3 directly affected villages
b) Strengthening the institutional and capacity building of Qilian jade associations
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c) Strengthening the institutional and capacity building of individual business association d) Establishing ethnic characteristic product processing associations, and strengthening institutional and capacity building
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11. Social Action Plan and Monitoring
The following feasible social action plan has been prepared on the basis of the risk mitigation measures described in the previous chapter, and in consultation with the PMOs of the demonstration towns.
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11.1 Social action plan of Dongwan Town and monitoring
Table 62: Social action plan for the Dongwan Town subproject
Funding Budget Social risk Action and description Implementers Time frame Note to budget Key M&E indicators source (Yuan)
Organizational Establishing village project The committee has not more than 15 and implementation committees members, in which reps. of vegetable management in in Sanhe, Daba, GuaYuan, growers are not less than 50%, and Villager autonomy and risks Nantou and Hongliu Villages” Preparation women reps. are not less than 30%; the matter-by-matter Local finance - stage committee is elected by over 60% of all discussion funds farmers in the village. See the Project Community Participation Handbook for Town PMO, village more. committees and Establishing vegetable CPC branches The project budget is used reasonably growers associations in 7 and accounts are clear; there are Registration fees, initial vegetable growing villages relatively complete management costs, office equipment Project systems and operating conditions, and purchase costs 140,000 budget it is possible to provide technical and (operating expenses market services to vegetable growers; from membership fees) the overall satisfaction of members with the association is not less than 80%.
Project management training Complete training program and records (including county and town 150 men-times are available; during training, the PMO members, heads of (covering preparation, absence rate of trainees is not more village project implementation Town PMO, implementation and than 15%; the overall satisfaction of committees, bazaar consulting and O&M stages, 5 times 300,000 trainees with training is not less than management, and heads of training agencies for PMOs and 4 times 80%. vegetable associations and for farmers’ vegetable growers associations) associations)
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Funding Budget Social risk Action and description Implementers Time frame Note to budget Key M&E indicators source (Yuan)
High operating Community participation on Farmer reps. involved in community costs of bazaar O&M systems participation are not less than 60%, vegetable Town PMO, women reps. are not less than 30% of Community bazaar vegetable growing 10,000 all farmer reps., and broker reps. are participation costs communities not less than 10%. The satisfaction of vegetable growers and bazaar traders with bazaar O&M is not less than 70%.
Public hearing and disclosure Not less than 100 persons attend the of stall rent and operating price hearing, including not less than 30 charges vegetable growers and not less than 30 vegetable brokers. The resolution is disclosed to all vegetable growing After bazaar villages in the town for not less than 15 Town PMO completion and Meeting costs 5,000 days; the awareness among vegetable before use growers is not less than 50% and that among brokers not less than 70%; the satisfaction of vegetable growers and brokers is not less than 60% and 80% respectively.
Roads and Conducting community Road and canal O&M systems and canals left participation in Sanhe, Daba, management mechanisms are unmanaged GuaYuan, Nantou and established for effective operation and Hongliu Villages to determine Town PMO, village management. Farmers involved in road and canal O&M project After road and Community community participation are not less 20,000 systems, and define the implementation canal completion participation costs than 60% of all farmers in the responsibilities and committee community, and women reps. not less obligations of each village than 30%. O&M The awareness and satisfaction of community are not less than 70% and 60%, respectively.
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Funding Budget Social risk Action and description Implementers Time frame Note to budget Key M&E indicators source (Yuan)
Low Giving special training to Town PMO, Not less than 70% of all women in each participation women on greenhouse agriculture bureau, 7 woman training village are trained; the satisfaction of rate of women cultivation agricultural Implementation sessions in the 7 Project trained women with training is not less 35,000 in training broadcasting & TV stage vegetable growing budget than 70%. school, women’s villages association
Temporary Construction management Construction agency, The satisfaction of the affected groups Implementation construction and site environmental county EP bureau, is not less than 80%; see the EMP for stage impacts protection measures town PMO more.
Waste disposal Central waste cleanup Bazaar The satisfaction of bazaar traders and management, town other directly affected groups is not less Environmental PMO, county EMP - than 80%; see the EMP for other protection costs environmental Implementation indicators protection bureau and operation stages Publicity of environmental Bazaar The awareness of bazaar traders and knowledge management, town other directly affected groups is not less PMO than 80%.
Appeal handling Legal assistance services Free legal The satisfaction of applicants with legal risks Whole process assistance by assistance services is not less than Town PMO Legal assistance costs - of the Project non-profit 80%. agency
Social action Social action plan M&E Implementation Project plan supervision Town PMO and operation Internal M&E costs 50,000 budget risks stages
Total 560,000
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11.2 Social action plan of Hongshui Town and monitoring
Table 63: Social action plan for the Hongshui Town subproject
Funding Budget Risk Action and description Implementers Time frame Note to budget M&E indicators source (Yuan)
Organizational and Establishing village The committee has not more management risks project implementation than 15 members, in which reps. committees in two Hui of farmers are not less than 50%, villages Town PMO, village Villager autonomy and and women reps. are not less Preparation committees and CPC matter-by-matter than 30%; the committee is stage branches, farmers discussion funds elected by over 60% of all farmers in the village. See the Project Community Participation EMDP - Handbook for more.
Training of county/town Complete training program and 90 men-times (covering PMOs, village project records are available; during preparation, implementation County PMO, consulting, training, the absence rate of Whole process implementation and committee, and other evaluation and training trainees is not more than 15%; of the Project O&M stages, 5 times for implementation and experts the overall satisfaction of trainees PMOs and 4 times for management agencies of with training is not less than 80%. farmers’ associations) the Project
Poor villagers in Reduction and exemption Five-guarantee households are Hui villages unable of self-financed funds Town PMO, village Implementation 3 five-guarantee entitled to reduction and to afford self- project implementation and operation households, 1,200 EMDP - exemption of self-financed funds; financed funds committee stages Yuan each the satisfaction with the Project is not less than 80%.
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Funding Budget Risk Action and description Implementers Time frame Note to budget M&E indicators source (Yuan)
Poor villagers in Included in rural MLS, Town PMO, village 116 affected Do poor households receive Han villages assistance and other rural committees and CPC households, calculated Civil affairs assistance? How satisfactory are - unable to afford policy support programs branches, county civil at benefit rate of up to bureau they with such assistance? self-financed funds affairs bureau 100%
Sales difficulty of Committing local Town PMO, village The satisfaction of alfalfa growers alfalfa breeding enterprises and committees and CPC with alfalfa sale is not less than major breeders, including branches, village project 80%. Implementation Dafu Dairy, and Qinghe implementation - - - stage Stockbreeding Co., to committee, county purchase local alfalfa with agriculture / priority stockbreeding bureau
Risk of unequal Community participation / Not less than 40% of farmers are allocation of participation, and involved in community breeding ram, silo allocation / participation, and women reps. and alfalfa quotas implementation programs Town PMO, village are not less than 20% of all Implementation Community participation in Hui villages at the implementation project implementation EMDP - participants. Community stage / consultation costs stage committee, farmers awareness of the allocation program is not less than 90%, and satisfaction not less than 80%.
Risk of unequal Community participation / Not less than 40% of farmers are allocation of participation, and involved in community breeding ram, silo allocation / participation, and women reps. and alfalfa quotas implementation programs Town PMO, village Community participation are not less than 20% of all Implementation Project in Han villages at the implementation project implementation / consultation costs, 26,000 participants. Community stage budget stage committee, farmers 2,000 Yuan per village awareness of the allocation program is not less than 90%, and satisfaction not less than 80%.
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Funding Budget Risk Action and description Implementers Time frame Note to budget M&E indicators source (Yuan)
Low participation One special training Not less than 70% of women are rate of women in session for women in trained in Hui villages, and the training each of the 15 villages EMDP - overall satisfaction of trainees Town PMO, women’s with the training is not less than association, agriculture / Training funds of 2 Hui 80%. stockbreeding bureau, Implementation villages and 13 Han poverty relief office, stage villages are included in science and technology the project budget Not less than 60% of women are trained in Han villages, and the bureau Project 39,000 overall satisfaction of trainees budget with the training is not less than 80%.
Temporary impacts Construction The satisfaction of affected of road management and site Construction agency, stakeholders with environmental Implementation Environmental construction environmental protection county EP bureau, town EMP - protection measures is not less stage protection costs measures PMO than 70%. See the EMP for more.
Road management Included in unified The satisfaction of the public with and maintenance management and Road management road maintenance is not less Town government Operation stage Local finance - risks maintenance of urban costs than 70%. roads
Appeal handling Legal assistance services Free legal The satisfaction of applicants risks Whole process assistance with legal assistance services is Town PMO Legal assistance costs - of the Project by non-profit not less than 80%. agency
Social action plan Social action plan M&E Implementation Project supervision risks Town PMO and operation Internal M&E costs 50,000 budget stages
Total 115,000
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11.3 Social action plan of Hongwansi Town and monitoring
Table 64: Social action plan for the Hongwansi Town subproject
Budget Risk Action and description Implementers Time frame Note to budget Funding source M&E indicators (Yuan)
Small Qilian jade Training of specialized Town PMO, agricultural 300 men-times, The overall satisfaction of EMDP - and ethnic technicians in Qilian jade and broadcasting & TV included in EMDP trainees with training is not characteristic ethnic characteristic product school, women’s less than 80%. product processing, 400 men-times association, science and Implementation processors are technology bureau, Qilian stage Local counterpart Free skills training eliminated jade association, ethnic funds for 100 men- program of labor 20,000 gradually via characteristic product times, 200 Yuan and social security competition processing associations per capita bureau (to be established)
Risk of loss of Video recording of traditional Town PMO, county The overall satisfaction of ethnic processing techniques tourist bureau, county ethnic characteristic product characteristic culture bureau, processors with the video is product traditional specialized film not less than 80%; the processing production agency Protection funds of awareness of the video Implementation techniques traditional cultural EMDP - among the public is not less stage heritage than 40%; the video is broadcast at least once on local main media, and available at major local public culture agencies.
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Budget Risk Action and description Implementers Time frame Note to budget Funding source M&E indicators (Yuan)
Existing poor Exemption of stall rents of 6 Town PMO, bazaar The satisfaction of traders unable to months for small traders with management beneficiary traders with bear operating an annual turnover of less Exemption of up to exemption is not less than costs of new than 20,000 Yuan Operation 300 Yuan per 80%; the awareness of Project budget 48,600 bazaar stage month for 27 exemption among bazaar traders traders is not less than 80%, and satisfaction not less than 70%.
Risk of Market-based mechanism Town PMO, Qilianshan Not less than 50 persons monopolization of building of refrigerated Biology Co., Tiancheng attend the price hearing, refrigerated warehouses, including Food Co., bazaar including not less than 20 warehouses community participation and traders, etc. individual traders dealing participation, and price with animal product hearing and disclosure purchase, sale and Community Preparation processing; the systems participation and Project budget 20,000 stage operation and management, participation costs and fee rates of the refrigerated warehouses are disclosed at main public places for not less than 15 days. The satisfaction of traders not less than 70%.
Temporary Construction management Construction agency, The satisfaction of the construction and site environmental county EP bureau, town affected groups with impacts protection measures PMO Implementation Environmental environmental protection EMP - stage protection costs measures is not less than 70%. See the EMP for more.
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Budget Risk Action and description Implementers Time frame Note to budget Funding source M&E indicators (Yuan)
Waste disposal Central waste cleanup Town PMO, construction The satisfaction of bazaar risks agency, bazaar traders and other Implementation management, county stakeholders with waste and operation environmental sanitation disposal is not less than stages bureau, bazaar traders 80%. See the EMP for more.
Organizational Establishing community Town PMO, community Not less than 50% of the and management project implementation committee, farmers / members are reps. of risks committees in Longchang, residents residents, not less than 40% Yuxing and Hongwan are reps. of Yugu people Villager autonomy Communities and Tibetans, and not less Preparation and matter-by- EMDP - than 25% of women reps. stage matter discussion The committee is elected at funds the community congress. See the Project Community Participation Handbook for more.
Strengthening the building of Town PMO, Qilian jade The association has a Qilian jade associations association, agricultural relatively complete broadcasting & TV Training and management mechanisms, school, science and capacity building and independent office Implementation technology bureau funds, included in facilities, and is able to stage specialized provide technical and Strengthening the building of Town PMO, agricultural technician training market services to individual business broadcasting & TV members. The overall association school, science and satisfaction of members with technology bureau, the association is not less Establishing ethnic women’s association than 70%. One-off characteristic product Preparation establishment processing associations and stage costs capacity building
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Budget Risk Action and description Implementers Time frame Note to budget Funding source M&E indicators (Yuan)
Capacity building of County PMO, consulting, Complete training program County/town PMOs and evaluation and training and records are available; county departments, experts during training, the absence community project Implementation rate of trainees is not more
implementation committee, stage than 15%; the overall bazaar management, satisfaction of trainees with specialized associations training is not less than 80%.
Social action plan Social action plan M&E County PMO Implementation supervision risks and operation Internal M&E costs Project budget 50,000 stages
Total 138,600
Where: Project budget 118,600
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11.4 Notes to financial budget
Funds in the social action plan are mainly from the following sources:
1. Project budget (“other costs” mainly, excluding construction costs);
2. Local counterpart funds, mainly from public funded projects funded by government departments; and
3. Funds financed by project beneficiaries, mainly villager autonomy and matter-by-matter discussion funds, association membership fees, bazaar rents and operating funds.
Notes:
- Costs for project activities aimed specifically for ethnic minorities will be described in detail in the EMDP, costs for environmental protection measures will be listed separately in the EMP, and costs for resettlement will be listed separately in the RAP;
- The M&E costs of the social action plan will be included in the project budget;
- The above budget does not include the construction costs of the Project.
11.5 Organizational arrangements
The responsibilities and obligations of all project agencies have been defined above. In addition, the following agencies should still perform the following responsibilities and obligations during project implementation.
Table 65: Summary of obligations and responsibilities of different agencies in the implementation of the Social Action Plan
Agency Responsibilities and obligations
1) Provincial PMO - Leading land acquisition, property demolition and resettlement activities of the Project, making policies, reviewing the RAP and the SA Report, preparing internal monitoring reports regularly for submission to the World Bank
- Directing the implementation and management of the subprojects, conducting construction quality supervision and financial auditing, developing relevant management systems, and preparing project operation and monitoring reports regularly for submission to the World
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Bank
2) County PMO Assisting the town PMO in coordinating with county-level and higher functional departments and authorities to provide required human, financial, material and intellectual resources, and policy support
Assisting and directing town PMOs, project communities and bazaar management committees in conducting and supervising O&M, and accepting and handling relevant appeals
3) Town PMO Organizing and coordinating project implementation, management, and internal M&E
Organizing community participation, and providing necessary human, financial, material and intellectual resources, and legal, regulatory and policy support;
Responsible for information collection, collation and disclosure, including the scope and area of the Project, duration of implementation, compensation and resettlement rates and programs, agencies concerned, personnel arrangements and other key information;
Conducting and supervising O&M, and accepting and handling relevant appeals
Accepting all appeals of stakeholders and the general public related to the Project, and handling them in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations, and the Appeal Handling Mechanism of the Project
4) Village committees and Assisting the town PMO and the consultant team in conducting CPC branches / community mobilization and participation; community committees within the project areas Assisting the town PMO in the disclosure of key project information;
Mediating between and handling project appeals at the community level, or providing necessary assistance to appellants in case of appeal to the town PMO or any higher project management agency or government department
Assisting in project implementation and management at the community level
Assisting in project M&E
Conducting the O&M of project facilities to ensure their proper functioning
5) Farmers, herdsmen Participating in and assisting in community mobilization and and residents, consultation activities actively, and providing basic personal or organizations, traders household information factually; and enterprises affected adversely by Participating in project implementation actively, and assisting in project the Project implementation and construction
Sufficiently yet rationally utilizing project facilities, and participating in the O&M of project facilities actively
Participating in project implementation, and O&M supervision and appeal handling actively to ensure project quality, and protect their own rights and interests
Assisting the town PMO and the consulting team in the M&E of O&M
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6) Specialized Participating in and assisting in community mobilization and cooperatives / consultation activities actively, and providing basic personal or associations household information factually;
Participating in project implementation and O&M actively, and providing necessary organizational, management, skill and intellectual support for successful project implementation
Organizing members to utilize project facilities sufficiently yet rationally
Supervising and filing appeals on project implementation and management
Assisting members in appeal
Assisting the town PMO and the consulting team in the M&E of O&M
7) Construction agency Performing the project bidding contract strictly, ensuring the scientific management of the construction quality of the Project, accepting the supervision and appeals of communities and other stakeholders, and assisting the PMO and other competent authorities in appeal handling
8) Bazaar management Developing O&M systems and procedures for project facilities on the committee and other basis of adequate investigation and consultation, and fixing accep table full-time management fee rates for use and services; agencies Accepting the supervision of the town PMO, community, traders, enterprises, farmers, herdsmen, residents and other stakeholders, and handling their appeals timely
Assisting the town PMO and the consulting team in the M&E of O&M
9) Departments Providing human, financial, material and intellectual resources, and responsible of the legal, regulatory and policy support during project implementation county government under the coordination of the county PMO
- Provincial Responsible for the demonstration and approval of project initiation develop ment & reform and approval documents commission
- Municipal Responsible for the demonstration and approval of project initiation development & reform and approval documents commission
- County development Responsible for the demonstration and approval of charging items & reform bureau during project operation
- County land and Handling, reviewing and approving land acquisition or occupation resources bureau formalities, and responsible for the coordination, management, supervision and arbitration of implementation
- County construction Responsible for the demonstration and approval of project design and bureau planning, and the coordination, management, supervision and arbitration of implementation
Responsible for the demonstration and approval of project design and planning
Responsible for the planning and approval of land acquisition, property demolition and resettlement
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- County environmental Environmental approval, supervision and law enforcement during protection bureau project construction
- County labor and Handling matters related to the basic living security of land- social security bureau expropriated farmers
- County civil affairs Supporting urban and rural MLS households, and subsidizing poor bureau households
10) Project design agency Designing project implementation and construction programs rationally according to the project objectives and the socioeconomic background of the project areas
11) Project monitoring Assisting in project preparation, implementation, management, O&M agency and M&E, and providing intellectual and technical support
Providing training and capacity building services
Table 66: Organizational arrangements for M&E
Agencies Role in self-M&E
Provincial and county PMOs Organizer, assistant
Executer in internal self- town PMO M&E
Village / community project implementation committees
Farmers, herdsmen and residents, organizations, traders and enterprises, etc.
Specialized cooperatives / associations Assistant, information provider Construction agencies
Bazaar management committee and other full-time management agencies
Departments concerned of county government
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12. Conclusions and Suggestions
12.1 Key conclusions
Based on a systematic SA of the three demonstration towns of Dongwan, Hongshui and Hongwansi, the following key conclusions have been reached:
The Project will generate great socioeconomic benefits in general, meets the medium- and long-term development plans, and special development plans for pillar industries of the demonstration towns, and is expected to bring positive effects in improving regional production and market environment, and promoting regional socioeconomic development.
Most farmers, herdsmen and residents in the demonstration towns will benefit directly from the Project to varying degrees, and the Project has extensive coverage in terms of benefits and beneficiaries.
Ethnic minorities, such as Hui, Yugu and Tibetan people, will benefit directly from the Project, and the scope of the Project generally adapts to the production patterns, lifestyles and livelihoods of ethnic minorities.
The subprojects adapt to the social customs, cultural traditions and religious believes of the project areas, and there is no risk in this respect.
A project management system with high executive capacity has been established, providing good institutional guarantee for successful project implementation.
12.2 Key suggestions
In view of differences among the demonstration towns and the complexity of project components, there are still some challenges in the project design. The following key suggestions have been proposed based on a systematic analysis of the subprojects in the three demonstration towns:
Institutional building : Institutional building at the community level (including professionals) should be strengthened to ensure sufficient participation and information disclosure at the community level, and reduce potential social risks.
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Establishment of operation and management systems : The project implementation, operation and management mechanism should be improved. In particular, for bazaars that demand high management and maintenance skills, county /town PMOs should establish operation and management agencies with high management capacity and professional skills based on practical conditions to ensure the proper operation of project facilities.
Strengthening local support and resources integration : County/town PMOs should strengthen governmental support for the Project, and the integration of existing public resources, financial projects, national debt projects and investment promotion projects of all functional departments with the Project in order to enhance the Project’s positive impacts and socioeconomic benefits.
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Appendixes:
Appendix 1: EMDP
(See the EMDP)
Appendix 2: Community Participation Handbook
(See the Community Participation Handbook)
Appendix 3: Appeal Handling Mechanism
(See the Appeal Handling Mechanism)
Appendix 4: Agenda of Fieldwork of SA
Agenda of SA fieldwork in Hongwansi Town, Sunan County Time Location and activity
2011-3- Field visit 13
2011-3- Discussing with the county and town PMOs to learn detailed 14 project information, identify stakeholders preliminarily and determine specific arrangements of fieldwork
Questionnaire survey and interviews of displaced households
Fieldwork at the companies where the 2 refrigerated warehouses are to be constructed:
Tiancheng Food Co.: learning the present situation of the company, and studying the potential socioeconomic benefits of the 1# refrigerated warehouse
Qilianshan Biology Co., learning the present situation of the company, and studying the potential socioeconomic benefits of horse and deer stockbreeding, and the 2# refrigerated warehouse
2011-3- Discussing with functional departments of the county 15 government to learn how they will support project implementation, including the development and reform bureau, construction bureau, housing administration bureau, agriculture
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bureau, statistics bureau, tourist bureau, poverty relief office, women’s association, agricultural broadcasting & TV school, CPC school, etc.
Surveying integrated bazaar traders to learn the present situation of the bazaar and impacts on traders
Surveying Yugu cultural tourism traders and market
Studying the present situation of jade processing and existing issues
2011-3- Visiting the horse and deer breeding base of Qilianshan Biology 16 Co. to learn the present situation of the horse and deer industry in Sunan County, and study the potential socioeconomic benefits of the 2# refrigerated warehouse
Questionnaire survey of farmers, herdsmen and residents;
Learning the situation of ethnic characteristic product processing, and traditional customs of Yugu people
2011-3- Visiting the Daciyao forage base to learn its socioeconomic 17 benefits and risks
2011-6- Supplementary survey of ethnic minorities 5 – 6-10
Agenda of SA fieldwork in Dongwan Town, JingYuan County, Baiyin City Time Location and activity
2011- Discussing with the Dongwan Town Government to learn the 3-18 overall situation of the subproject, and identify stakeholders preliminarily
Acquiring macroscopic information of Dongwan Town
Visiting the project site, especially the roads of the sunlight greenhouse base, and identifying key stakeholders on site
Interview of sunlight greenhouse cultivation farmers
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2011- Visiting the site of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center to 3-19 define key stakeholders
Fieldwork in Sanhe Village:
Questionnaire survey
FGD: vegetable growers
Village official interview: secretary, head
Key informant interview: deputy head of Tianli Vegetable Marketing Cooperative
Fieldwork in Daba Village:
Questionnaire survey
FGD: women
Village official interview: secretary
FGD: men
Key informant interview: vegetable broker Li Yongbo
2011- Fieldwork in GuaYuan Village 3-20 Questionnaire survey
FGD
Village official interview
Survey of companies where refrigerated warehouses are to be constructed
Supplementary field survey on roads
Supplementary data collection of town government
2011- FGDs with functional departments of the county government 3-21
Agenda of SA fieldwork in Hongshui Town, Jingtai County, Baiyin City Time Location and activity
2011-3- FGD with the town implementing agency to collect key project 22 information
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Fieldwork at integrated bazaar
Fieldwork with bazaar traders
Fieldwork at livestock bazaar
Fieldwork at Dafu Dairy
Fieldwork at Kanghui Stockbreeding Co.
Survey on stockbreeding of Yangcheng Village
2011-3- Fieldwork of Yongle Village (Hui village) 23 Questionnaire survey
FGD
Village official interview
Field survey
Fieldwork of Jing’an Village (Hui village)
Questionnaire survey
FGD
Village official interview
Field survey
2011-3- Fieldwork of Jiebei Village 24 Questionnaire survey
FGD
Village official interview
Field survey
Supplementary survey of integrated bazaar traders
2011-3- FGD with functional departments of Jingtai County 25
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Appendix 5: SA Questionnaire for Farmers
Date: ______; Location: ______; Interviewer: ______; Qr. No.: ______
1. Household population 1.1 Address: ___ (Team) ___ Village (Community) ___ Xiang (Town/Sub- district) ___ District (County) ___ (City)
1.2 Name of householder: ______; gender: ____; age: _____; ethnic group: _____; educational level: ______; occupation: ______; household population: _____; receiving MLS or not: ____; receiving assistance or not: _____
1.3 Division of labor by gender (%)
Wome Wome Activity Men Activity Men n n
Household Farming
Children’s education Irrigation
Taking care of the Harvest elderly
Buying daily Selling grain or necessities livestock
Buying furniture and Buying agricultural other major supplies means of production,
e.g., fertilizers and pesticides
Carrying water Outside employment
Livestock herding / Village meeting feeding
3. Income and expenditure
Gross household income in 2010 about: ______Yuan; gross household expenditure in 2010 about: ______Yuan
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Economic status: (1) Good ______; (2) Medium _____; (3) Poor _____; (4) Worst _____
4 Traffic: Your house’s distance from the nearest: Road type Road type Distance (1. Earth; Distance Place Place (1. Earth; 2. (km) 2. (km) Hardened) Hardened)
Farm Primary product school bazaar
High Town school
Hospital County town
5. Opinions and suggestions for the Project 5.1 Did you know the Project before this survey? No ______. Why? (1) No one tells me; (2) Just heard of but knew no details; (3) Don’t know how; (4) It has nothing do to with me; (5) Don’t care
Yes ______. How? (1) Government announcement / publicity; (2) Village official; (3) Others; (4) I asked someone, who: ______? 5.2 Do you approve of the Project? (1) Yes ______; (2) No ______; (3) Don’t care ______
6. Participation 6.1 Relation of the Project with you: (1) Very close; (2) Not close; (3) No relation 6.2 Are you eager for the benefits of the Project? (1) Very much ______; (2) Not fairly ______; (3) Don’t care ______6.3 If a village meeting on the Project is held, you will: (1) participate actively; (2) participate if I have time; (3) not participate, because I’m not interested 6.4 If a village meeting on the Project is held, you think: (1) All villagers regardless of age and gender should participate; (2) Only men should participate 6.5 When the bazaar is completed, are you willing to operate where? Yes ______; (1) I will buy a store to do business; (2) I will rent someone else’s stall to do business, because I cannot afford it; (3) I will buy a stall and rent it to someone else; (4) Operate elsewhere No _____; (1) The stall is too expensive to afford; (2) The rent is too high; (3) No capital; (4) I’m not good at doing business; (5) I’m not interested in doing business
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6.6 If training is organized in the Project, are you willing to participate? Yes ______; expected scope of training: ______No ______; Why? (1) No time; (2) Not necessary, because I already have some skills; (3) Such training is ineffective; (4) Not interested; (5) Other reason, specify: ______6.7 If you operate at the bazaar, how much are you willing to afford? ______6.8 If you must provide financing yourself in order to benefit from the Project, are you willing to raise money yourself? ______
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Appendix 6: Supplementary Questionnaire for Ethnic Minorities in Hongwansi Town
Basic information (fill in your answer or tick one choice) (mandatory for all respondents)
Name ______; gender ______; age ______; ethnic group ______; community / village ______
Household population ______; status of household registration: (1) urban; (2) rural; displaced household or not: (1) Yes; (2) No
For herdsmen 1. Have you settled? (1) No; (2) Yes, address: ______Household pasture area: ______mu; where: summer range: ______mu; distance from settlement: ______km; Winter range: ______mu; distance from settlement: ______km Amount of livestock in 2010: ______heads; where cattle ______heads; sheep: ______heads Present mode of stockbreeding: (1) Nomadism; (2) Stable feeding; (3) Nomadism + stable feeding Marketing mode of livestock: (1) Door-to-door purchase; (2) Selling at bazaar myself; (3) Other Marketing mode of wool: (1) Door-to-door purchase; (2) Selling at bazaar myself; (3) Other Gross household income in 2010 about ______Yuan; where stockbreeding income: _____%; wage income: ______%; employment income: _____%; individual business income: _____%; other income: _____%
For urban residents Occupations of key household members: (1) Civil servant; (2) Worker at public institution; (3) Enterprise employee; (4) Individual business; (5) Other______Gross household income in 2010 about ______Yuan; where wage income: ______%; employment income: _____%; individual business income: _____%; other income: _____%
Project information (mandatory for respondents) construction bazaar product Farm 2. Are you a trader at the farm product bazaar? (1) Yes; (2) No
3. Do you often go to the farm product bazaar for shopping? (1) Yes; (2) No
4. Do you know that the farm product bazaar is to be reconstructed? (1) Yes; (2) No
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5. Are you interested in farm product bazaar reconstruction? (1) Good to me; (2) Not good to me; (3) Not clear
6. Attitude to farm product bazaar construction: (1) Approving; (2) Opposed; (3) Not clear
7. Are you willing to operate at the new bazaar? (1) Yes; (2) No; (3) Not clear construction construction Zone JadeQilian Processing 8. Do you engage in Qilian jade processing? (1) Yes; (2) No;
9. Do you want to engage in Qilian jade processing? (1) Yes; (2) No
10. Do you know that the Qilian Jade Processing Zone is to be constructed? (1) Yes; (2) No
11. Are you interested in the construction of the Qilian Jade Processing Zone? (1) Good to me; (2) Not good to me; (3) Not clear
12. Attitude to the construction of the Qilian Jade Processing Zone: (1) Approving; (2) Opposed; (3) Not clear
13. Are you willing to operate in the Qilian Jade Processing Zone? (1) Yes; (2) No; (3) Not clear Startup Training Center Center Training Startup and Processing Product Characteristic Ethnic 14. Do you engage in ethnic characteristic product processing? (1) Yes; (2) No
15. Do you want to engage in ethnic characteristic product processing? (1) Yes; (2) No
16. Do you know that the Ethnic Characteristic Product Processing and Startup Training Center is to be constructed? (1) Yes; (2) No
17. Are you interested in the construction of the Ethnic Characteristic Product Processing and Startup Training Center? (1) Good to me; (2) Not good to me; (3) Not clear
18. Attitude to the construction of the Ethnic Characteristic Product Processing and Startup Training Center: (1) Approving; (2) Opposed; (3) Not clear
19. Are you willing to operate or learn in the Ethnic Characteristic Product Processing and Startup Training Center? (1) Yes; (2) No; (3) Not clear
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Appendix 7: Summary of Benefits of Beneficiary Groups of the Project
Type Projec of Group Description Mode of benefiting from the Project t town benefi t Hongwansi - Trickle-down effect of county economic development Urban MLS Direct households - Increased job opportunities The poor - Preferential policy and financial support
Pastoral Indirec - Radiation effect MLS t households - Preferential policy and financial support
- Trickle-down effect of county economic Indirec development Herdsmen t - Increased job opportunities Yugu - Improving the stockbreeding production, Urban Direct circulation and processing system to ensure residents Ethnic the distribution of livestock minorit ies - Trickle-down effect of county economic Indirec development Herdsmen t Tibet - Increased job opportunities an - Improving the stockbreeding production, Urban Direct circulation and processing system to ensure residents the distribution of livestock
Non-ethnic - Receiving livelihood compensation Direct Involuntarily minorities according to the RAP displaced persons Ethnic Direct - To be determined minorities
Female - Improving labor skills through training herdsmen Women Direct settling in - Increased job opportunities town
Female Indirec - Trickle-down effect of county economic herdsmen t development
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Female - Improving labor skills through training householder Direct s - Increased job opportunities Dongwan Dongwan Urban MLS Indirec - Trickle-down effect of county economic households t development
The poor - Radiation effect Rural MLS Direct - Improving cultivation skills through training households - Preferential compensation
- Improving cultivation skills and marketing / Direct knowledge through training Women Indirec - Trickle-down effect of county economic / t development Hongshui Hongshui - Improving town traffic and environment, reducing operating costs and increasing Urban MLS Direct turnover households The poor - Improving labor skills through training
- Receiving subsidies for silos and sheep to Rural MLS Direct increase means of production and improve households production conditions
- Receiving subsidies for silos and sheep to increase means of production and improve production conditions Ethnic Hui people minorities - Improving stockbreeding skills through training
- Preferential policy
- Improving cultivation skills and marketing / Direct knowledge through training Women Indirec - Trickle-down effect of county economic / t development
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Appendix 8: Summary of Project Impacts of Hongwansi Town
Economic impacts Social impacts Expected Other Component output impacts Positive Negative Positive Negative
Driving the development of Noise Construction horse and deer during Temporary of a 500t Construction products, and Providing constructi land refrigerated of a 500t expanding development on and occupation / warehouse at refrigerated product coverage opportunities other during Qilianshan warehouse to herdsmen environme construction Biology Co. Increasing the ntal income of farmers pollution and herdsmen
Increasing cattle / sheep processing Noise volume, and Construction during promoting Temporary of a 500t Construction constructi livestock land refrigerated of a 500t low- on and processing occupation / / ware house at temp other industry during Tiancheng warehouse environme construction Food Co. Increasing the ntal income of farmers pollution and herdsmen
Potential risks from Improving Temporary the Noise operating Providing operating undefined during Farm product conditions development Local losses operation constructi bazaar opportunities reconstruction Creating job & on and construction Possible to women, the of integrated opportunities to manageme other in Hongwansi increased poor and bazaar increase the nt environme Town production & ethnic income of mechanis ntal living costs minorities residents m of the pollution new bazaar
Improving Involuntary Noise Infrastructure Infrastructure operating resettlement Promoting the during construction construction conditions development constructi of the Qilian of the Qilian Partial and capacity on and / Jade Jade Expanding the overlap of building of the other Processing Processing influence of the jade jade environme Zone Zone Qilian jade exploitation association ntal bazaar, and with pastures pollution increasing
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industry coverage Possible increased production & living costs
Construction Completion of Noise of the Ethnic the Ethnic Improving during Promoting the Characteristic Characteristic infrastructure and constructi protection and Product Product supporting on and / development / Processing Processing minority industries other of ethnic and Startup and Startup environme Industry cultures Training Training restructuring ntal Center Center pollution
Improving Training of organizational project capacity Training of management Improving project staff overall management Training of personal staff, / / / / specialized competencies professionals technicians , farmers and Improving herdsmen Farmer and traders’ herdsman market training involvement and response
Appendix 9: Summary of Project Impacts of Dongwan Town
Economic impacts Social impacts Componen Other Direct output t impacts Positive Negative Positive Negative
Promoting Potential risks Providing vegetable arising from development Construction of a trading, the undefined opportunities to Noise vegetable improving operation & women and the during bazaar with 100 vegetable management Vegetable Possible poor constructio stalls, a quality mechanism of bazaar monopoly n and other warehouse of the new construction by brokers Improving the environme 595.1 m 2 and a Creating jobs, bazaar management ntal car park of 4,800 and increasing capacity of pollution m2 the income of Insufficient communities and farmers and testing skills associations traders of farmers
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Noise Reduced Temporar travel time during 27km of roads of y land Field road constructio sunlight occupatio improvemen Allowing for / / n and other greenhouse n during t further environme base constructi mechanized ntal on cultivation pollution
Improving Training of organizational project Training of capacity project management manageme staff Improving overall nt staff, personal Practical skills / / / / professional competencies training for s, farmers farmers and Improving traders’ market herdsmen Rural broker involvement and training response
Appendix 10: Summary of Project Impacts of Hongshui Town
Economic impacts Social impacts Expected Other Component output impacts Positive Negative Positive Negative
Improving the traffic system and marketing Town road network Temporary Noise during Two trunk and operating construction roads and Driving along supporting losses of / / and other supporting traders along facility nearby environmental facilities the roads construction traders pollution Expanding economic radiation
Providing Promoting Too high Promoting Cultivation of development Cultivation of stockbreeding, irrigation water and soil 6,000 mu of opportunities to high-quality and providing costs, and / conservation high-quality women, the poor alfalfa forage to difficulty in to some alfalfa and ethnic breeding extension extent enterprises in minorities the town
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the town
Increasing the Providing utilization rate Construction development Likely to Demonstration of stalks, of 200 opportunities to cause silo reducing / / medium and women, the poor unequal construction household small silos and ethnic allocation production minorities costs
Providing Funding 2 development Funding for Hui opportunities to Optimizing mutton sheep communities ethnic minorities Likely to sheep breeds breeding for and poor and the poor cause and increasing / / minority and Han unequal household Improving poor households allocation income overall households in sheep management raising capacity of the community
Improving organizational Management capacity Science and staff training technology Improving training Practical overall personal system skills training / / / / competencies building of for farmers production Improving Rural broker base traders’ market training involvement and response
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Appendix 11: Impact Analysis of Adversely Affected Groups
Negatively Project Mitigation measures and Stage Potential risk affected Consultation finding town safeguard mechanism group Hongwansi Preparation stage Most displaced households agree with the compensation rates and proposed modes of RAP resettlement, but old Land It is advised to give Yugu people are acquisition, preferential compensation 221 dissatisfied with the property to settled herdsmen among displaced commercial housing demolition displaced persons; when households design for religious and necessary, religious reasons; settled resettlement ceremonies may be held to herdsmen should be dispel the worry of some assisted preferentially old Yugu people. because they lack means of production and labor skills. Implementation stage Implementation 2 companies The two companies where have agreed on refrigerated temporary land Temporary See the section “Temporary warehouses occupation for the land Land Occupation” in the are to be refrigerated occupation RAP for details. built, stores warehouses, and are around willing to support the integrated Project. bazaar
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RAP
Noise Limits for Construction Sites Establishing good (GB12523-90) must be relations with entities strictly complied with in and residents along the noise management at the Traders and line, notifying them of construction site. To reduce Noise and residents construction construction noise, the other within disturbance in advance, construction agency should pollution construction and reporting enhance construction area construction progress management, adjust or and noise reduction shorten the operating time measures timely of machinery, control overnight construction hours strictly, and avoid the intensive use of high-noise equipment.
Community Participation Most traders are willing Handbook, Appeal About 50 Temporary to operate at the old Handling Mechanism traders at operating bazaar or on pedestrian farm product losses streets during the Arrange traders to continue bazaar construction period. with operation during the construction period. Operation stage Operation stage Community Participation Handbook, Appeal Operation & Handling Mechanism Worry about the management Some small substantial increase of See the operation and mechanism stores rents and costs of the management system, and of the new new bazaar trader admission system of bazaar the refrigerated warehouses of Hongwansi Town for details.
Community Participation Handbook, Appeal Handling Mechanism Partial overlap of Partial overlap of jade Some Develop a compensation jade exploitation with herdsmen mechanism for ethnic exploitation pastures minorities affected directly with pastures or indirectly by jade exploitation in Hongwansi Town.
234
Dongwan Dongwan period Construction Villagers affected by temporary land Some occupation expressed Temporary See the section “Temporary arable land their understanding in land Land Occupation” in the beside field interviews, but expected occupation RAP for details. roads cash compensation if they were affected seriously.
Community Participation Some farmers Handbook, Appeal Handling mentioned past testing Mechanism Insufficient Greenhouse accidents in interviews, testing skills farmers and expected further See the farmer and broker training and greater training system of Dongwan supervision. Town. Operation stage Operation stage Community Participation Handbook, Appeal Handling Vegetable Some brokers worry Mechanism Generation of growers and that they will be no monopolists small longer competitive at See the trader admission brokers the new bazaar. system of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center for details.
Community Participation Handbook, Appeal Handling Mechanism Bazaar Vegetable Unclear market management growers and admission mechanism, See the trader admission risks brokers and low risk resistance system, and O&M supervision system of the Vegetable Testing and Trading Center for details. Hongshui Hongshui period Construction Traders affected by temporary land occupation expressed Temporary Over 100 See the section “Temporary their understanding in land nearby Land Occupation” in the interviews, but expected occupation stores RAP for details. cash compensation if they were affected seriously.
235
Operation stage Occupation It is advised to develop of arable land Due to worries for 6,000 mu in 3 years. In the for alfalfa irrigation source, early stage of pilot cultivation, Farmers cultivation costs and extension, enter into difficulty in market, farmers hesitate agreements with local alfalfa over alfalfa cultivation. stockbreeding enterprises to extension ensure the market of alfalfa.
Community Participation Handbook, Appeal Handling Mechanism Unfair allocation, Allocation of 300 sheep Strengthen villager asymmetric information sheep and raising participation, and ensure fair and exclusion of the silos households allocation and preferential poor support for the poor through proper procedures. See the operation and management system of Hongshui Town.
Most stores approved of road construction in Temporary About 100 See the section “Temporary interviews, and thought operating nearby Land Occupation” in the the roads would losses stores RAP for details. increase their income by at least 30%.
Most farmers grow alfalfa on a small scale In the early stage of pilot Lack of to meet stockbreeding extension, enter into Alfalfa subsequent needs, and worry about agreements with local growers market the market of alfalfa in stockbreeding enterprises to case of expanded ensure the market of alfalfa. cultivation.
236
Appendix 12: Summary of Available Local Counterpart Resources
Department Resources available for the Project
Construction bureau 1) Rural dangerous and old housing reconstruction project
2) Nomad settlement project
3) Low-rent housing project
Agriculture / 4) Fine crop variety funding project stockbreeding bureau 5) Training of technology demonstration households and grass-root technicians
6) Rural biogas funding project
7) Subsidy policy for stockbreeding communities
8) Subsidy policy for stalk utilization
9) Subsidy policy for find breeds
10) Grant for stockbreeding loan
Tourist bureau 11) Training on standard tourist services
12) Discount loan for tourist service industry
Civil affairs bureau 13) Rural MLS
14) Urban MLS
15) Five guarantees
16) Price subsidy
17) Medical assistance
Poverty relief office 18) Rural science and technology poverty-relief project (technician training and stable feeding training)
19) Infrastructure improvement project for poor areas
20) Training of unemployed senior high school and university graduate for poor households
21) Whole-village development-oriented poverty reduction project
237
Department Resources available for the Project
Labor and social 22) Priority in offering new jobs to displaced households security bureau and vulnerable groups
23) Small-grant loans for laid-off works
24) Social security fund
25) Labor transfer training
26) Free vocational skills training
27) Guarantee for small-grant loans
Association of the 28) Medical assistance for the disabled disabled 29) Start-up training for the disabled
Women’s 30) Secured small-grant loans for women association 31) Woman skills training
32) Physical examination of female farmers and herdsmen
33) Training project for female labor export in poor areas
34) “Mother Health Express” project
35) Care project for women left in rural areas
Science and 36) Science and technology training project technology bureau
Traffic bureau 37) Rural traffic development project
Family planning 38) Reward for birth control committee
Ethnic and religious 39) Settlement infrastructure construction for ethnic affairs bureau minorities in pastoral areas
Commercial bank 40) Discount government loans
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Appendix 13: Investment Estimate Sheet of Dongwan Town
Estimated value Technical / economic (0,000 Yuan) indicator No. Item Constr Unit Other uction Total Unit Qty. price costs costs (Yuan)
Investment in 2751.5 3401.7 650.17 construction (I + II + III) 4 1
Part I—Construction 2751.5 2751.5 I costs 4 4
Roads of sunlight 1510.5 1510.5 1 greenhouse base, km 27.0 559449 1 1 B=3.5m
1.1 Roadbed 103.65 103.65
1.1.1 Earthwork 60.42 60.42 m3 57000 10.6
1.1.2 Slope protection 43.23 43.23 km 1.65 262000
1324.6 1324.6 1.2 Pavement 6 6
20cm thick cement 0,000 1.2.1 841.50 841.50 9.90 850000 concrete m2
20cm thick cement 0,000 1.2.2 292.21 292.21 11.37 257000 gravel stabilized base m2
30cm thick natural 0,000 1.2.3 190.95 190.95 12.99 147000 gravel bed m2
1.3 Bridge, L=16m 28.80 28.80 / 1 288000
1.4 Overflow pavement 1.80 1.80 / 1 18000
1.5 Culverts 51.60 51.60 / 31 16645.2
Canal lining of sunlight 2 247.12 247.12 km 15 164749 greenhouse base
2.1 Canal construction 235.45 235.45 km 15.0 156965
2.1.1 UD80 canal lining 78.54 78.54 km 3.4 230996
2.1.2 UD50 canal lining 110.63 110.63 km 8.0 138283
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Estimated value Technical / economic (0,000 Yuan) indicator No. Item Constr Unit Other uction Total Unit Qty. price costs costs (Yuan)
2.1.3 UD40 canal lining 43.16 43.16 km 3.6 119881
2.1.4 Diversion gate 3.13 3.13 / 5 6237
2.2 Temporary works 11.68 11.68 5%
Construction of 3 993.91 993.91 vegetable bazaar
3.1 Construction works 743.17 743.17 m2
Information service 2413. 3.1.1 410.36 410.36 m2 1700 complex 9
3.1.2 Trading hall (floor area) 234.00 234.00 m2 3600 650
3.1.3 Thermostatic warehouse 87.68 87.68 m2 797.1 1100
3.1.4 Toilet 7.35 7.35 m2 70 1050
3.1.5 Weighing house 1.26 1.26 m2 12 1050
3.1.6 Gatehouse 2.52 2.52 m2 24 1050
3.2 Structures 103.83 103.83 m2
Site roads and 3.2.1 46.20 46.20 m2 4200 110 hardening
3.2.2 Enclosing wall 13.77 13.77 m 626 220
Site water supply 3.2.3 10.00 10.00 m 500 200 pipelines
3.2.4 Site drainage pipelines 4.50 4.50 m 150 300
3.2.5 Site sewers 2.16 2.16 m 240 90
3.2.6 Gate 5.00 5.00 / 2 25000
3.2.7 Site landscaping 4.80 4.80 m2 800 60
3.2.8 Car park 5.40 5.40 m2 600 90
3.2.9 Septic tank 5.00 5.00 / 1 50000
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Estimated value Technical / economic (0,000 Yuan) indicator No. Item Constr Unit Other uction Total Unit Qty. price costs costs (Yuan)
3.2.1 Stalls 7.00 7.00 / 100 700 0
3.3 Testing equipment 14.71 14.71
3.4 IT equipment 121.05 121.05
3.5 Public equipment 11.14 11.14
II Part II—Other costs 340.92 340.92
Management fees of 1 33.02 33.02 1.20% construction agency
Construction supervision 2 68.79 68.79 2.50% fees
Consulting fees of 3 15.59 15.59 preparatory work
Preparation of FS 3.1 11.01 11.01 Report
3.2 Evaluation of FS Report 4.59 4.59
Surveying and design 4 137.60 137.60 costs
4.1 Design costs 110.08 110.08
4.2 Surveying costs 27.52 27.52 1%
Production preparation 5 9.00 9.00 Person 15 6000 costs
Purchase costs of office 6 2.50 2.50 Person 25 1000 and living furniture
Consulting fees of 7 4.73 4.73 environmental impacts
Trading service fees for 8 1.60 1.60 trading center
9 Agency fees of project 12.68 12.68 tendering 241
Estimated value Technical / economic (0,000 Yuan) indicator No. Item Constr Unit Other uction Total Unit Qty. price costs costs (Yuan) tendering
Examination costs of 10 5.28 5.28 construction drawings
Site preparation and 11 33.02 33.02 1.20% temporary facility costs
Engineering insurance 12 12.38 12.38 0.45% costs
Environmental 13 4.7 4.7 monitoring costs
III Contingencies 309.25 309.25
1 Basic contingencies 309.2 309.25 10%
Interest during IV construction period 75.63 75.63 and front-end costs
1 Interest on Bank loan 69.57 69.57
2 Front-end costs 6.06 6.06 0.25%
Visit, task study and V 321.73 321.73 training costs
Underlying working VI 14.28 14.28 capital
2751.5 1061.8 3813.3
Total investment 4 2 6
2425.5
Bank loan 7
Domestic counterpart 1387.7
funds 9
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Appendix 14: Investment Estimate Sheet of Hongshui Town
Estimated value (0,000 Technical / Yuan) economic indicator No. Item Unit Construct Other Total Unit Qty. price ion costs costs (Yuan)
Part I: Construction 2629.8 I 2629.86 costs 6
3.76 4030063. (I) Road construction 1516.11 km 2 8
3.76 259463.0 1 Earthwork 97.61 km 2 5
3.76 3770600. 2 Road construction 1418.5 km 2 74
3.76 3308878. 2.1 Driveways 1244.8 km 2 26
3.76 461722.4 2.2 Sidewalks 173.7 km 2 9
3.76 323418.3 (II) Rain pipelines 121.67 km 2 9
3.76 998670.9 (III) Sewer pipelines 375.7 km 2 2
3.76 511111.1 (IV) Bridge works 192.28 km 2 1
3.76 (V) Safety facilities 4.14 km 11004.78 2
3.76 637320.5 (VI) Lighting works 239.76 km 2 7
(VII) Alfalfa cultivation 30 mu 6000 50
(VIII) Silo construction 60 / 200 3000
Mutton sheep (IX) 90.2 introduction
Breeding ewes 72 / 900 800
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Estimated value (0,000 Technical / Yuan) economic indicator
Breeding rams 18.2 / 140 1300
II Part II: Other costs 252.18 252.18
III Contingencies 288.2 288.2
Interest during IV 63.09 63.09 construction period
Institutional and V capacity building 219.16 219.16 costs
Total investment 3452.5
Bank loan 2629.8 6 Provincial, municipal and county 822.64 counterpart funds
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Appendix 15: Investment Summary of the Hongwansi Town Subproject
Constr Technical / economic Other uction Total indicator costs No. Item costs (0,000 (0,000 (0,000 Yuan) Unit price Yuan) Unit Qty. Yuan) (Yuan)
I Construction costs 2709.6 0.0 2709.6
1 Infrastructure construction of the Qilian Jade Processing Zone
2677758. 495.1 0.0 495.1 km 1.849 1.1 Road construction 0
1.1.1 Kangle Road 244.40 244.40 km 0.675 3621978
1.1.2 Yuhong West Road 88.82 88.82 km 0.432 2056055
1.1.3 Yuhong East Road 161.88 161.88 km 0.742 2181140
Water supply and drainage 124.3 0.0 124.3 km 2.877 431970.3 1.2 works
1.2.1 Water supply pipelines 17.75 0.0 17.75 km 0.667 266150
1.2.2 Rain pipelines 54.57 0.0 54.57 km 1.105 493865
1.2.3 Sewer pipelines 51.95 0.0 51.95 km 1.105 470168
1.3 Heating network 150.4 0.0 150.4 km 0.785
Directly buried insulated pipe 28.48 28.48 km 0.140 2034489 1.3.1 D273X6
Directly buried insulated pipe 46.10 46.10 km 0.290 1589728 1.3.2 D219X6
Directly buried insulated pipe 10.73 10.73 km 0.075 1430908 1.3.3 D159X4.5
Directly buried insulated pipe 8.37 8.37 km 0.080 1046552 1.3.4 D133X4.5
Directly buried insulated pipe 14.06 14.06 km 0.170 827235 1.3.5 D108X4
Directly buried insulated pipe 0.71 0.71 km 0.010 713511 1.3.6 D89X4
1.3.7 Directly buried insulated pipe 1.31 1.31 km 0.020 656993 D76X3.5
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Constr Technical / economic Other uction Total indicator costs No. Item costs (0,000 (0,000 (0,000 Yuan) Unit price Yuan) Unit Qty. Yuan) (Yuan) D76X3.5
Reinforced concrete access 8.24 8.24 / 11 7488 1.3.8 holes 2400×2400×2000
1.3.9 Regulating valves 4.13 4.13 / 24 1721
1.3.1 Road restoration costs 28.26 28.26 m2 1570 180 0
1.4 Electric and lighting works 192.7 0.0 192.7 km 0.000
1.4.1 Civil works 0.00 0.00 km 0.000
1.4.2 Equipment 59.90 59.90 km 0.000
1.4.3 Installation works 132.76 132.76 km 0.000
Ethnic Characteristic Product 2048.0 Processing and Startup Training 784.6 0.0 784.6 0 1.5 Center
2048.0 Civil works 409.60 409.60 m2 2000 1.5.1 0
2048.0 Equipment 334.78 334.78 m2 1635 1.5.2 0
2048.0 Installation works 40.17 40.17 m2 196 1.5.3 0
1.6 Landscaping 3.0 3.0 m2 1000.0 30
2 Farm product bazaar 741.4 0.0 741.4
1116.0 239.9 239.9 m2 2150 2.1 Refrigerated warehouses 0
2.2 Platform 6.3 6.3 m2 180.00 350
2.3 Refrigerator rooms 184.3 184.3 m2 725.40 1000
1980.0 m2 1300 2.4 Trading hall 0
2 2.5 Roads and surface hardening 47.5 47.5 m 1637.0 290 0 246
Constr Technical / economic Other uction Total indicator costs No. Item costs (0,000 (0,000 (0,000 Yuan) Unit price Yuan) Unit Qty. Yuan) (Yuan) 0
1000.0 6.0 6.0 m2 60 2.6 Landscaping 0
3 Environmental protection works 65.2 0.0 65.2
Central garbage collection 7.9 7.9 m3 143.06 550 3.1 station
Buried wastewater treatment 51.2 51.2 3.2 system
3.3 Public toilet 6.1 6.1 m2 72.22 850
4 Means of transport 153.0 153.0
II Other costs 429.3
Fixed assets and other costs 356.7 356.7
Land acquisition costs 0.0 0.0 m2 20000 0.0
Management fees of 35.5 35.5 construction agency
Preparation costs of FS report 12.0 12.0
Evaluation costs of 3.0 3.0 environmental impacts
Surveying costs 27.1 27.1
Design costs 94.4 94.4
Preparation costs of construction 9.4 9.4 drawings and budget
Construction supervision fees 112.7 112.7
Engineering insurance costs 6.8 6.8
Agency fees of project tendering 1.2 1.2
Agency fees of project tendering 12.5 12.5
247
Constr Technical / economic Other uction Total indicator costs No. Item costs (0,000 (0,000 (0,000 Yuan) Unit price Yuan) Unit Qty. Yuan) (Yuan)
Combined commissioning costs 10.3 10.3 1.0%
Urban infrastructure construction 26.7 26.7 m2 3821 70.0 costs
Purchase costs of office and Perso 5.1 5.1 51 1000.0 living furniture n
Perso 0.0 0.0 Intangible assets n
Perso 0.0 0.0 Technology transfer fees n
Perso 72.6 72.6 Other asset costs n
Training costs of management Perso 4.6 4.6 23 2000.0 and marketing staff n
Perso 14.0 14.0 70 2000.0 Training costs of technicians n
Perso 54.0 54.0 300 1800.0 Training costs of farmers n
Subtotal (1+2+3) 2709.6 429.3 3138.9
III Contingencies 313.9 313.9
Basic contingencies 313.9 313.9 10%
Markup contingencies 0.0
Total investment in 2709.6 743.2 3452.8 IV construction
Proportion (%) 78.5% 21.5% 100.0%
Interest during construction 49.8 period
Working capital 173.6
Total investment 3676.2
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Constr Technical / economic Other uction Total indicator costs No. Item costs (0,000 (0,000 (0,000 Yuan) Unit price Yuan) Unit Qty. Yuan) (Yuan)
Total investment 3676.2
Bank loan 2709.6
Provincial, municipal and 966.6 county counterpart funds
249
250