TE MAR 0 6 1978 UI IFK IANEI ommun1eation ,sJowI¬ttor

Pacific Islands News Association Suva, Fiji Social Sciences & Linguistics Institute Honolulu, Hawaii East-West Communication Institute Honolulu, Hawaii

December 1975 Vol. 5, No. 4 APIA RADIO CENTER OPENS

BY CURT MADISON program production with the empha- and Agriculture. The rest of them sis on news and needs, cur- will go to augment the understaffed Special to P1CM village rent affairs, features, and station of 2AP. documentaries. Most of the program- Second, In Service courses will APIA--"Get the emphasis out ming will be of Samoa in Samoan, of the studio and into the vil- (story continued pg. 4) with a few programs about Samoa in lages, stated Graham Thomas in the aim of the Western English. describing Within several nonths of the Jon A. Anderson Named Samoan Broadcast Training Project. beginning of the course, the stu- Mr. Thomas is the UNESCO advisor to dents will use the studios at New Television the to the Chief project designed improve Malifa to of of broadcast service to the produce programs For Samoa quality developmental information for broad- American Samoan people. The training will cast on 2AP. In that way practical be done in three ways. production problems unique to Samoa By Floyd Takeuchi First, there will be a course will be identified and quickly Jon A. Anderson, former Bureau of 24 months at the Malifa studios creative uses of the relatively un- Chief of the Micronesian News Ser- for about 16 post-high school young encumbered radio spectrum begun. vice, is the new Director of Tele- people. During the training they At the completion of the vision Operations for the government will be given salaries of equiva- course, two of the new broadcasters of American Samoa. He will lent civil service jobs. Their will be assigned to each of the manage the television station course will be in all phases of Departments of Health, Education, governments KVZK-TV during what he called a transition period" from government management to private management.

( Radio Samoa (WVUV), the former government-run station, is expected to play a significant role in the ! . development of new management for KVZK. Anderson, in a November interview with PICN in Honolulu, l. said he expects to be involved in the operations of both WVUV and KVZK in the near future. (See related story on WVUV in P1CM, June, 1975)

One of the first areas Anderson will be concerned with is reducing significantly the staff at KVZK. The station presently has more than 100 staff members.

The staff has been fat in the past," Anderson said, and it cant remain fat." Raphel Defeg of Yap and Elizabeth Diaz Rechebei of the Northern Marianas debate a point Faced with a greatly reduced during a recent PEACESAT conference between Honolulu and Saipan. The exchange was a role in educational broadcasting first for the satellite system. For more photos and the story, turn to page 3. (photo by continued F. Takeuchi) (story pg.4)

Lyle replaces Schramm: NY Times covers Pacific The Pacific region seems to receive sporadic coverage in major new EWC1 Director American newspapers. This may be Dr. Jack Islands communication. Lyle, research direc- a blessing in disguise (see related tor for the Corporation for Public Prior to his arrival at the article on PNG), but it is somewhat Center in 1973, Schramm served as Broadcasting since 1972, became noteworthy when a newspaper with for Commu- director of the East-West Communica- Director of the Institute an international reputation gives and was the Janet tion Institute in Honolulu in nication Research substantial political analysis to October. M. Peck Professor of International a Pacific issue. Communication at Stanford University The New York Times on Septem- Lyle succeeds Dr. Wilbur for 16 He has authored years. ber 21 carried a lengthy piece on Schramm, who asked to be relieved of valuable works in the communication the plight of the Banabans and their administrative duties to devote field, including Communication in attempts to regain their home full time to communication research. Modern in Society Responsibility island, through court action. Mass Communication Communication The article gave substantial and Change in the Developing Coun- information, tries; and, Man Messages and Media background describing colonization by the British, the Schrarmii has been the recipient of deleterious effects of the numerous awards, one of Japanese including and the rees- the first honorary degrees from the occupation, peoples tablishment as Fijians on Rabi British Open University this year. Island. A small map detailing the Lyle, 46, received his Ph.D. location of Rabi and Banaba was in 1959 at Stanford University, also included. where he studied under the direction It is to the credit of the of Dr. Schramm. After on working Times that carried the newspapers in San Leandro and San they story at all. Almost all articles on Jose, he taught journalism at the the in non-Pacific - University of California, Los region newspapers in travel sections or have Angeles from 1960 to 1972, when he appear a Stevenson returns to joined the Corporation for Public strong Samoa flavor. But it is Broadcasting in Washington, D.C. signifi- cant to note the dateline of the of research One Lyles principal New York Times piece. It wasn't interests is use of mass media in Dr. Jack Lyle Suva, Papeete, Pago Pago, or even education. He served for 14 months Sydney. The dateline? London, East-West Center President as a UNESCO project director in where the court sits. Everett Kleinjans, recognizing Dr. educational planning in 1965-66. a Senior Fellow Schramms outstanding international Two years ago he was Communication Ian Mackay ends 40 yr. accomplishments in areas of rele- at the East-West vance to problem-oriented programs, Institute, where he joined with has named him as the first Distin- Research Associate Hidetoshi Kato career in broadcasting in a of the effects guished Center Researcher. comparative study Ian K. Mackay, C.M.G., who of television on children in Japan has been PNG/BCs ABU Liaison Offi- Schraniii will continue and the United States. working cer since it joined the ABU early with the Communication Institute, in 1974, retired on 31 August 1975 with attention to the for Public particular Pacific At Corporation after 40 years in broadcasting in he has Broadcasting sponsored four countries. His career began studies in televised instruction at PACIFIC as an announcer in the national ISLANDS and levels. COMMUNICATION NEWSLETTER secondary college broadcasting service in New Zealand. After serving in various other is on Lyle currently working posts in New Zealand, Mr. Mackay Publisher books dealing with televised cover- moved to Australia in 1950 as age of proceedings of state legis- Assistant Manager and later Produc- Social Sciences & Linguistics Inst latures and the role of television tion Manager of a major commercial Donald M. Topping, Director in urban and non-urban life styles. radio station. In 1961 he became Porteus Hall, of Hawaii Director-General of the University He has served as a consultant Nigerian Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Broadcasting which was in communication for such organiza- Corporation tions as the Ford Foundation, the followed by an appointment in 1964 as Adviser on Mass Media to Editorial Staff World Bank, RAND the the Corporation, Minister for Information in National Institute of Mental Health, Papua New Guinea. After various Editor: Jim Richstad and the mass media task force of the holding senior in Assistant Editor: Floyd Takeuchi Presidents Commission on Violence. posts that country, Mr. Mackay was closely involved in the During service in the U.S. establishment of PNG/BC and has Address all to: correspondence Air Force, Lyle was editor of base recently been Special Assistant newspapers in Japan from 1952 to Chairman in that organisation. The Editor, PIGN 1954. He was born March 27, 1929, Visitors will in future be assured East-West Communications Institute in Pine Bluff, Arkansas.--Combined of a welcome at his home at 405a 1777 East West Road East-West news releases from Main Road, Karori, Wellington, New Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Center. Zealand.

Micronesians Set FEACESAT Fir1 BY FLOYD TAKEUCHI sians at the discussion, the then a full scale discussion began. answers at times seemed vague and This process was repeated for almost for The PEACESPT program set rather noncommittal, and there was all of the questions considered another first when Micronesian a tendency to blame this on the the program. Hawaii students in questioned four representatives being politicians. An important consequence of the of their representatives to the PEACESAT conference is the possible recently concluded Micronesian Con- However, there was more to development of a new Micronesian stitutional Convention. The Octo- most of the answers than there student organization. In the past, ber 31 conference, which brought appeared to be. Hans Williander, similar groups in Hawaii served to together the Honolulu and Saipan for example, a delegate from Truk, bring together most of the Microne- terminals for an hour and a half, answered the question of U.S. sian leaders who now serve in the was the first time PEACESAT has military activities in an indepen- Congress of Micronesia as well as been used for constituents in one dent Micronesia by saying, "I the Constitutional Convention. part of the Pacific to question think that question is very short This seemingly small develop- their elected representatives on an but it is very hard. As a dele- ment hold and far-reach- issue of paramount importance. I think it is inappropriate may large gate, for the of The conference was a part of a for me to answer. But as a Micro- ing consequences future series of events Micronesians in nesian, I think that if the Micro- Micronesia. For those familiar with the Micronesian Hawaii organized to help celebrate nesian people wish to have an political scene, the of Microne- Micronesia Day (October 24). The independent status they can do it possibility sian unity has become precarious students, from the East-West Center, with the presence of U.S. military with the move the Marianas to the University of Hawaii, and other or without the presence of U.S. by become a U.S. Commonwealth and the colleges, used thF radio satellite military in Micronesia. threatened walkout by other dis- trict groups. By joining together now, the second generation of leaders may be able to strengthen the bonds of unity. Luke Tman, a Constitutional Convention delegate from Yap, high- lighted the feelings of many of the students in the Honolulu PEACESAT studio when he said, There is no such thing as disunity in my mind. We do have differences but that does not mean we are not united. The unity of Micronesia is a viable con- cept . . . it can survive, it can live, if we agree to be united. The question is whether we want to unite now or Palauan Masao Ueda,aU.ot Hawaii graduate stuJnt. listens to Constitutional Convention not." delegate Hiroshi lsmael. (photo by F. Takeuchi) system to keep them informed on the The PEACESAT program did more latest Constitutional Conventionthan inform Micronesians in Hawaii developments,about the latest developments at Toshi Rudolph, the student the Constitutional Convention. that moderator from Ponape, said Perhaps more importantly, the con- the discussion also gave the stu-ference served as a catalyst to dents a chance to let their dele-bring together Micronesian students gates know what issues students inand put them in the position of Hawaii are concerned about. Wehaving to ask themselves and each let them know by our questions,other what their future status said, what areas we believe Rudolph " should be. are Smnny,*in+ to our future This was clear when the stu- Some of these questions con- dent participants met the evening cerned the source of national reve- before the conference to organize nue for an independent Micronesia, the agenda to get most out of the the issue of eminent domain, seces- time given. sion, the structure of the execu- For four tive and the role of traditional hours they discussed, leaders in it, the extent of tour- and at times argued, over, a wide of issues. from ism development, and the role the range Working an outline almost 30 United States military will play in they developed Micronesia's future. questions and then had to decide on 10 from that list. The conference, given the 'Will the national government control eminent limitations imposed by time and the Each time a question was liwnain'!' asks Hilda I Icinc of the Marshalls. structured format, was highly suc- raised, it was inevitably answered ottoto F. Takeuchi) cessful. For the few non-Microne- by one or two people present and by

t Anderson Heads TV in silo American Samoa page 1 (takeuchi) and general budgets, KVZK recently want." While the entertainment cut back programming from six chan- channel carries only NBC material, nels to three. the new operations director said the station is looking at the Of the 20 to 30 employes possibility of getting CBS and ABC Anderson sees as being on the sta- in addition to the tions reduced staff, only 5, programs present NBC time schedule." There is including himself, will be expatri- prime ates. In a related matter, one exception to the rule--the Bank ' of Hawaii Anderson said that "the training of sponsors weekly showings of CBS's Hawaii 5-0." Samoans for operational responsibil- ities is to be one of most going my the week Anderson concerns." But he added Ironically, important left Honolulu to his new du- that those who remain on the sta- begin ties, KVZK was planning to screen UNESCO broadcasting advisor Graham ihonas tions staff, both Samoans and the NBC rerun "Born Innocent." center in W. Samoa. expatriates, will be increased inspects training equipment given This is the same film which caused C. Madison) responsibilities and they will be (photo by former Governor John 1-laydon to have paid accordingly. his highly publicized run-in with KVZK. W Samoa completes While a large portion of his duties concern the stations econom- Having been involved in broad- ic viability (With modern manage- casting since he was 16, Anderson broadcast ment practices we hope to achieve has worked in a of page 1 (madison) facility variety journal- substantial savings on overhead istic These include be offered on of positions. specific aspects costs."), Anderson said he is very as an and to the staff working announcer news broadcasting present concerned with the nature and director at KHVH radio and televi- of 2AP. This section will stress of Samoan quality programing. sion in Honolulu before a the role of broadcaster as interme- doing stint as Communications Director forming lines of communica- diary by for the Methodist Church in Cali- tion areas of in One of my most among expertise important fornia. the community outside of the broad- responsibilities during the next casting staff themselves. few weeks, emphasized Anderson, Anderson joined the Microne- is to find out what kind of pro- Third, the sian News Service in 1970 as training facility gramming people in American Samoa will host regional conferences of Bureau Chief. He left Micronesia Voice of invited representatives from all in late 1974 to join the the Pacific Island countries and America as a broadcaster and editor territories, excluding New Zealand for the VOAs Africa Division. and Hawaii. In addition to his broadcast- The twin studios built for the ing work, Anderson has been a reg- for training project on the grounds of ular columnist Saipans Marianas However, he Teacher Training College in Malifa Variety. said that he has terminated his near Apia were made possible two-year-old relationship with the through a grant of $100,000 from Variety. the UNDP for equipment and a con- tribution of buildings, workmen, furniture, and a "1 don't expect," Anderson project secretary said, for from the Samoan Government. "to write another paper when I'm in American Samoa." A further from The challenge of the new development the the training project will be to, position outweighs political conflicts and staff improve the internal communication disputes and flow of news in Samoa from Anderson expects to face as the of television one rural area to another. To do director operations.

infrastructure this, possible "I'm looking forward to taking improvements include translators my past experience in the Pacific atop high mountains to rebroadcast and in broadcasting to this new live programs from remote villages Soundprooiing is insailed in the new studio position, he said. The station and an cable improved line linking in Malifa. The training center is located at is extremely important to the peo- the studios at Malifa to the broad- the Teachers Training College. (photo by ple of American Samoa and it repre- cast station in Mulinuu. C. Madison) sents a great responsibility.

democratic government" meant a "society where perversion and per- missiveness are the rule rather than the exception?" Pros, & Cons Neemia O'Brien said, "Already Censorship: we have seen the influence of Karate on the children here. Therefore if obscene movies and books are encouraged into these Guam Editor Gilbertese Unsure islands, then we must be prepared Attacks Idea of Film Effects (story continued pg. 6)

Pacific Dateline editor Tom An exchange of letters to the in Pioneer Brislin sharply attacked a Guam bill editor the Atoll (August 21, 4, 11, how designed to institute a board of Sept. 18) emphasized the are on both Voix du Gone censors for motion pictures screened strong feelings Cagou sides of the issue of whether to on that island. Censorship, Brislin allow the of violent and said, "is still the prior restraint screening The outspoken weekly Voix du "pornographic" films. of expression, and as such, is still Ca ou has ceased publication. PIM A. S. Tranter the series abhorrent. began October, 1975) reported that the In his daily column Letter when he wrote, "I am compelled to loss of advertising revenue, due to from the Editor, (October 15), write this letter out of sheer dis- a general disenchantment with the and revulsion at the calibre Brislin said that Guam's population gust Caledonian autonomy struggle, is too diverse for a seven-member of "karate" motion picture that is forced Alain Bernut to close the censorship board to represent its being flooded into the cinemas of New Caledonian newspaper. interests. our Colony." The Mouvement Populaire Why not let the community These films, he said, "repre- Caledonien, Bernut's party in the itself, he countered. sent not only blood-gushing vio- represent Territorial Assembly, indicated it "If don't want to see a lence born of hate and revenge, but people may publish a monthly political of movie, pornography at its most disgusting." particular type they bulletin early next year. The Voix wont. This is 'box office censor- Tranter found no description du Cagou was the party's paper. ship.'' on the theater billboard he could However, Les Caledoniens The censorship bill, according understand as the movie poster was to Brislin, states that censors in Chinese. Once the film began, which began publishing early this still on its 'shall approve and license such "fifteen minutes later than it might year, is carrying films . . . which are moral and do if it were a 'Disney' produc- heated criticism of the French Administration. Educated in Paris, proper, and shall disapprove such tion," he saw scenes of "murder, has his as are obscene, or such as tend, in rape, drinking and gambling, with 3. R. Callard published without P1W the judgment of the (Censor) Board, the usual unbelievable characters newspaper advertising. noted that local advertisers were to debase or corrupt morals or to issuing sneers and grunts as they incite to crimes. went about their business of bru- wary of Les Caledoniens "This kind of comment doesn't attract the tality." outspoken Brislin felt powers granted them." to such a board would be too far What Tranter suggested caused reaching. the flurry of letters to follow: "When are we to start using Presumably such a censor going the scissors on these films, Mr. board could decide that film themes French to introduce Censor?" which poke fun at a certain reli- gion, or a certain type of govern- A response to Tranters letter Satellite News Soon ment, or a certain ethnic group of came quickly. Nigel Dunn countered people, 'debase or corrupt morals' Tranter's charges by saying that New Caledonia's offshore of the community." karate films are harmless. "Karate islands are going to have an "elec- films are easily understood by the tronic" Christmas, to the The very establishment of a according Gilbertese, especially those whose November PIM. Tele-Noumea is censorship board would be "a vio- English is poor . . . a homemade to its lation of community standards." expected begin broadcasting Karate chop will usually do less television programs to Lifou, The threatened imposition harm than a punch on the nose." Ouv4a and Mare in the Loyalty of a censorship board isn't the only Dunn felt that "a free demo- Islands by mid-December. over press related threat looming cratic government has no right to There are Guam's Constitution political implica- Agana Bay. decide what films can be shown and tions to the move, P1W said. "The Bill, introduced in the recently which cannot." last stronghold of the autonomy U.S. Senate, states that a new con- movement," the monthly reported, stitution for the American territo- J. I. Tonganibeia took issue with Dunn in the next issue of the "will thus inevitably be drawn under ry "shall provide a republican the closer influence of the admin- and shall include Atoll Pioneer and said, "Our form of government istration in Noumea and Paris." friends must know that a bill of rights." expatriate miss a lot of in this Tele-Noumea, like Radio The bill, Brislin warned, "does they things Noumea, country: the symphony orchestra, are both controlled by the French not say that it shall contain the the opera, and many other things. administration. Bill of Rights.' The possibility Surely they won't miss much if sex exists that the individual freedoms P1W also reported that televi- is scrapped off the screen." guaranteed by the U.S. Constitu- sion news items will be transmitted Another letter in the same to Noumea by satellite from (story continued pg. 6) April, issue asked Dunn whether a "free 1976.

Index Published for Micronesian Repoter La Depeche dans The first index of the Micronesian Reporter has just been issued by the Trust Territory Nouveaux Locaux Ronn Ronck, the government. PAR MICHEL ANGLADE plat dont dispose 1 imprimerie (le Pacific News columnist, Daily faible tirage, dans labsolu, de on October 16 that the quelques semaines reported Depuis La Depeche ne permet pas for the maintenant, La de Tahiti index includes entries Depeche lutilisation dune rotative). Micronesian Monthly, the predecessor le plus important quotidien de la forte of the quarterly Reporter. The Polynésie Francaise, a eniiiénagé Léquipe rédactionnelle, en 1964, se index, published by the TT Education dans ses nouveaux locaux aux portes de 4 personnes compose de 6 soit Department, was compiled by Helen de Papeete, près du pont de aujourdhui reporters, Callison and Daniel Peacock, direc- Fautaua. photographes, soit rédacteurs, et Tous c's tor of library services. Limmebule de La Depeche est dun reporter sportif. le premier immebule concu journalistes, sauf un, ont été formés Cable News spécialement pour abriter un recrutés et sur place. Report journal et son imprimerie, a Linstallation de La Depeche Debuts In Hawaii Tahiti. La surface totale est de dans ses nouveaux locaux (le m2, 2 bãtiment construit grace a un prêt The United Press International 1 100 répartis en nibeaux de 550 m2 chacun. Le rez-de-chaussée dun organisme de crddit social a news report for cable television abrite limprimerie, les stocks de Tahiti, aura coOtd environ 250 000 makes its debut in Hawaii July 21 et la salle de dollars) une nouvelle ère when service via satellite papier pliage, niarque begins La Depeche qui se manifestera, transmission to TV tandis que les bureaux de pour Systems, Inc., ladministration et de la redaction dans les temps a venir, par un Honolulu and its 10,000 subscrib- renouvellement et une modernisation ers. de La depeche se trouvent sur le du materiel, au fur et a mesure des Mehlman, executive ler étage. Roy general Avec son tirage de 5 500 besoins. for UPI's TV cable services, said journaux par jour, La de this marks a further extension of Depeche Tahiti est ie plus important des the UPI Cable Newswire, which now Summary of Above Article trois quotidiens de Tahiti, bien serves more than 180 clients. quil en soit le plus jeune. Il La Depeche de Tahiti the a fondé 11 ans, "It will be the only news été i y a par une largest circulation daily in French de dont has report received in the 50th state," petite 4quipe journalistes Polynesia, moved into its new Mazellier, Directeur- in Mehlman said, that is prepared Philippe headquarters Papeete. The Gdrant et Michel Directeur and edited exclusively for cable Anglade, building is the first in Tahiti Publication de La Le to be a systems. This service to Hawaii Depeche designed newspaper plant. numéro de La est Production rooms are located on is made possible by UPI's decision premier Depeche the datd du 3 aoit 1964 et floor to set up a new multiplex circuit comportait ground and editorial offices 8 are on the second floor. which combines teletype channels pages. L a with picture transmission via sat- Aujourdhui, Depeche tire With circulation of 5,500, ellite from San Francisco. en moyenne sur 20 pages, et éoite La Depeche publishes daily except 6 numéros par sernaine, 1 édition du Sunday. The newspaper averages 20 samedi étant issue page 5 (Guam Editor) augmentée dune pages per and the Saturday section magazine. Des machines a edition has a magazine section. tion, which were incorporated into composer Justowriter ont remplacé, Starting with a staff of four in the 1950 Guam Act, Organic may go dupuis 1969, les machines a écrire 1964, La Depeche now has six report- down the tube. des debuts. Limprimerie vient ers and editors as well as a sports An unabashed proponent of de se doter dune machine offset reporter. All of the staff, except Western democratic government, suppl4mentaire qui porte a trois for one, were recruited and trained Brislin summarized his editorial le nombre des machines offset a in Tahiti. with a note of caution: You can never be too safe when government is being established, as our found- ing fathers learned, having just emerged from a system of British martial laws.

page 5 (Gilbert censorship) to face their influence on the children's morals and behaviour.

An attempt to offer a compro- mise of sorts was given by A. . Teraure. The four-point plan called 2 for having clearly displayed rat- ings, understanding that some of I Karate films are not real stories, p., local censorship boards have to decide what is best for their peo- ple, and that these boards should The staff of La in their new home. flfl(photo by La DepecheiL) i use their scissors sparingly. Depeche

Everything But Rain In Papu a

"Using equipment that includes the jawbone of his mother, Mangaiva P'ongu is trying to brew up a storm for the prime minister-elect of I Papua, New Guinea, Michael Somare."

That was the lead paragraph of a UPI report on the front page of the Honolulu Advertiser (September 15), the day before Papua New Guinea's independence celebrations. In what was supposed to be a polit- The new printing plant and editorial offices of Papeete's La Depeche de Tahiti. (photo by ical report, how Papuan secession- La Depeche) ists were protesting national unification, UPI noted that Marigaiva New Leftist Periodical was also going to use "the G-string of his grandfather and two back teeth from his great-great-grand- in Suva father." Begins Publishing To add a cultural A new Pacific opinion period- at Noumea Courtroom: Liberty, perspective to its ical designed for a regional audi- Equality, Fraternity report, the UPI story said, "If it rains or, the ence appeared in November in Fiji. Articles about French Pacific day a new chieftain is sworn in, he is re- Published by the Pacific Peoples' territories are printed in both garded as the man Action Front, Povai strongly attacks English and French. being wrong for 'colonialism, and imperialism The PPAF has its roots in the the job." In addition, Mangaiva, racism in the Pacific.' Conference for a Nuclear Free who normally charges $20 for this The publication, which will Pacific held in Suva last April. service, was freely giving his appear "every two months, at the During the conference, according to support to the secessionist move- very least," is 111/2" by 16" in for- an article in Povai, "events took on ment. mat. The first and only issue a wider signifTEe, especially for included articles on the New the Pacific islanders." From the "Mangaiva is so confident it Hebrides (What Future in Pandemo- conference grew a "sense of unity will pour down by the bucketful nium Government?), Tahiti (Nuclear and support, and above all the will that he has bought a new umbrella Tests and Independence), Hawaii to fight together and to fight back." and a raincoat." (People's Struggle), and Australia Povai, according to the paper, Steeped in the Western tradi- is the word for club. "But (Apartheid--Australian Style). Tongan tion of objective journalism, UPI the word also has a wider meaning-- quoted James Ekmopia, the "sorcer- While the newspaper's editorial it is the force or resource avail- er's nephew," as saying, "We have stance is "anti-imperialistic" gen- able to even commoners, to anybody, only one worry, that the govern- erally, the greatest and most stri- use which against anything oppresses ment will get other witch doctors dent attacks are against the French them, and which wish to take they who will join together and make colonial governments. The caption action against." stronger sorcery to send the rain for a photograph allegedly showing Povai carried no masthead. A away again." a demonstrator being beaten by one year subscription, U.S. $5, is It didn't rain on French police in Noumea says, available by writing to Pacific September Police reac- 16. And that' the it is in "September 25th 1974: Peoples' Action Front, Box 534, way ,,,, tionn u non-violent demonstration Suva, FIJI. Papua Guinea-.-and at UPI.

Few Respond to PINA ReactionsScholarshiat mid-November byp P.I.N.A. members to the offer of a journalism scholarship by Gollin Graphics Ltd., were disappointing. Gollins offered to provide $1000.00 a year for three years to enable Pacific Islands journalists Hawaii. The to be attached for a short time to In the interest of developing University Press of more written com- titles to date are as a New Zealand provincial newspaper the capacity for published the of follows: for experience and training. munication using languages So far, only one P.I.N.A. news- Micronesia, the Trust Territory the services Nukuoro Lexicon Vern paper member has indicated interest Government contracted by Carroll and Tobias Soulik in the award. of the Pacific and Asian Linguistics Institute (now the Social Sciences Kapingamarangi Lexicon by Cable TV For Maui and Linguistics Institute) of the Michael Li eber and Kal i o H. Di kepa University of Hawaii to assist in Within One Year Palauan Reference Grammar by the development of standardized CAMP, Inc., has been awarded Lewis Josephs, Masa-aki Emesiochel, spelling systems, bilingual dictio- a franchise for Maui and will Masaharu Tmodrang, and Helen Wilson. begin naries, and reference grammars for service within a it was year, the languages of Micronesia. Woleaian Reference Grammar by Bob Anderson, CAMP announced by Ho-mm Sohn and Anthony Tawerilmang. president. The in 1970 under The Kau-based cable television project began Chamorro Reference Grammar by the direction of Donald M. the smallest of 10 cable Topping Donald M. Topping and Bernadita C. operation, of the of Hawaii. At television in Hawaii, is University Dungca systems that time, to receive the formal thirteen Micronesian expected per- were Chamorro-English Dictionary by mit soon from the State participants, who supported Department the East-West Center, came to Donald N. Topping, Pedro M. Ogo, of by Regulatory Agencies. Honolulu team and Bernadita C. Dungca. Maui's main transmitter and to work as members with arf number of complete color origination studio equal linguists from the University of Hawaii. All will be located in the Wailuku Forthcoming titles include of the Micronesian participants were area. reference and enrolled as students in the U.H. grammars bilingual Service on the island will dictionaries for Palauan, Yapese, start in Hana, an area which has Trukese, Ponapean, Mokilese, had poor reception all along, in In some instances previous Kusaiean, and Marshallese. to 12 months. linguistic research on the language The in had already commenced, but in others primary objective TV Woes the research had to start from this project was to provide the Saipan scratch. "It was a tremendous necessary reference tools for more extensive use of the Micronesian learning experience for all of us, in the schools of Never seem to end said Topping, 'and the project has languages Saipan's only television sta- Micronesia, said Topping. Once tion apparently still has more than served to enhance the status of the practice of using Micronesian its share of problems. The Marianas Micronesian languages in the eyes languages for written communication Variety (October 17) reported that of Micronesians. Also, the project is established in the schools--a the Marianas District Administration helped clarify many of the previous- drastic departure from the practices sent a letter of complaint to H. S. ly unanswered linguistic relation- of all the previous colonial admin- Killgore, president of the Microne- ships among the languages of istrations--the chances are good sian Broadcasting Corporation, owner Micronesia. that the languages will be used for of WSZE. all sorts of intra-district commu- Citing numerous complaints The results of this training nication which is presently carried from all areas of the Island of and research project are now being out, often ineffectively, in poor signal, District Administrator issued in published form by the English.' Francisco Ada told Killgore, "1 regret I find it necessary to remind you of your promises and obligations here on Saipan with respect to tele- Guam TV Station vision. A new antenna arrived in early October and should help to improve Financial inGuam's television MunaBlocfelt the stationk could the signal (see PICN story, Septem- only public bring ber, 1975). According to station station was having great difficulty in 'about $70,000, if everything manager Ollie Olson, the Variety raising the 50 percent of its bud- goes well. reported, 500 watts are now being get it is required to by law. transmitted over two antennas. Her comments were presented Well be lucky to raise about Television sets tuned correctly as testimony in favor of a 10 percent of our budget, said Iris should receive a clear picture, he Guamanian bill that would Muna, executive director of the adjust said. Guam Educational Telecommunication Killgore and administration the amount the station would have to representatives were to meet to Corporation. The Pacific Daily raise from 10 percent in FY discuss the complaints. News on October 15 reported that 1977 to 50 percent by FY 1981.

o

V -Trawa

GILBERT IN MY OPINION... ISLANDS

OCEAN BY FLOYD TAKEUCHI ISLAND D- site for relay

situation The two articles on censorship However, the present in this issue of PICN highlight the in the Pacific makes it difficult p touchy issue of trying to determine to support a policy of full access. still the "social costs" of allowing a The metropolitan nations play free flow of informdtion in the a predominant role in the region in many areas. The budget of the region. Tom Brislin is quite South Pacific Commission, for ex- explicit in his views--any attempt to impede the flow is totally unac- ample, is paid mostly out of the ceptable. pockets of metropolitan powers. 9- Funafuti This may be by necessity, but it also much for the of Yet the Gilbert Islanders who says ability to Fiji Pacific nations to become "self- 500 miles expressed concern over the type of sufficient." films being screened there are just as adamant in their belief that the tempo of change has gotten out of External domination is cer- hand. tainly evident in the field of Gilberts and Tuvalu communication. The channels of information are controlled the This is certainly not a new by nations and radio issue in the Pacific--PICN has metropolitan many jour- strengthen signal carried numerous articles on the nalists (although less now than in The Gilbert Islands and Tuvalu the on the Pacific now continuing battle between those past) larger have better reception of local broadcast transmissions with the see itself as are New who censorship being newspapers expatriates. installation of a new studio center an social cost and Caledonians will soon be unacceptable receiving at Funafuti, an atoll in the island who view the "results" of news from France and others directly Fiji group. uncontrolled change as being harm- businesses will have their books ful to their Pacific island socie- done in New Zealand. ties. According to the ABU Technical Review Because of this situation, (September), the center was and transmissions This issue is not to Pacific countries should strive completed regular going began in early July. be resolved until acceptable indi- towards a "self-sufficiency ethic" in cators designed to measure the communication development. This social impact of communication will mean careful control over what The center, consisting of a enters the region. main studio a induced changes are developed. feeding self-operat- announcers cubicle with normal Work is being done in this field ing It is unrealistic to tape and disc facilities, now, but it is apparent that the expect provides the Gilberts or any other Pacific satisfactory service to most of the pace of change may very well invali- country to spend great sums of money atolls in the island group. date the research. to develop, for example, a movie industry to meet Hollywood head on. The Gilbert and Ellice Islands There are far greater priorities to (now Tuvalu) were orginally served An additional difficulty is be met. But because there is such by a transmitter operating from that in spite of there being a a stark imbalance in what enters Tarawa, 500-800 miles away from the social needs and 'Pacific Way," and leaves the region, careful con- Tuvalu, and the reception there was of the various Pacific desires trol--censorship, is that term is not satisfactory. The new Funafuti more center is nearer to Tuvalu. societies are different. Attempts descriptive--is absolutely to design a monolithic model may necessary. prove more harmful than the present The article said the new cen- situation. As things stand now, the pres- ter is also planning to investigate ent communication "reality" is the use of medium scale integrated something akin to the typhoons circuits and digital read-outs for For those of us trained in the which occasionally lash across the the Studio Clock System. The nor- Western tradition of guaranteed Pacific. Information entering the mal pendulum type clock does not freedom, the of a ocean swell. press consequences region is like huge function efficiently in tropical advocating a policy of 'censorship' Pacific islanders, on the other climates. are difficult to accept. Even men- hand, are going to have to ride tioning the word--ceonsorship--is this storm as best they can with At press time, it was not clear enough to bring a chorus of indig- leaky buckets being their only what effect the establishment of nant outrage from press galleries means of keeping their canoes from Tuvalu would have on the service, across the Pacific. being swamped. if any.

Port Moresby (PAPUA NEW GUINEA)

Coleman Moni National Broadcasting Commission P. 0. Box 1359 PEACESAT Boroko Papua New Guinea Since early 1973 the PEACESAT Experimental Activity Reports Project has been studying the Report One - "Early advantages in forming an interna- Experi- Port Vila (NEW HEBRIDES) ence" - reviews the and tional consortium to promote test- design early activities. Reports included ing the application of satellite Roslyn Pedro from Fiji, Papua New Guinea, communication for non-profit educa- Kawenu Training Micronesia, Hawaii, and New College tional, health, and community Port Vila Zealand. development purposes. In March New Hebrides 1973 an international educational Report Two - "Social consortium was established involv- Applications' - reviews medical, ISLANDS) ing the University of Hawaii agricultural, cultural, instruc- Rarotonga (COOK (United States) and Wellington tional, and system development Stuart POlytechnic INstitute (New activities. Kingan, Tereapii Kingan Scientific Research Division Zealand). Since then, membership - Report Three "Networking" Premier - Department has expanded to include the South reviews medical, science, li- Cook Islands Government Pacific Commission (New Caledonia), brary, national, news, regional, Rarotonga, Cook Islands the University of Technology (Papua education, and community develop- New Guinea), the University of the ment network applications. Saipan (TTPI) South Pacific (Fiji), and the Trust Territory of the Pacific George Callison, Elias Thomas Islands, Office of the High Commis- Special Assistant/Dir. Public sioner. The administrative agent Affairs for the international consortium of Directory Office of the High Commissioner is the of Hawaii University Trust Territory of the Pacific a Research Corporation, non-profit Islands corporation. Terminals Saipan, Mariana Islands 96950

The PEACESAT Project (Pan Suva (FIJI) Pacific Education and Communication Honolulu (HAWAII) Experiments by Satellite) has been Gilda Benstead in experimental operation since Extension Services Carol Misko 1971. It has grown by a series of P. 0. Box 1168 Engineering Quad., Bldg. #31 local initiatives to include 15 University of the South Pacific University of Hawaii Suva, Fiji Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 experimental terminals distributed among 13 Pacific Basin nations or Honiara ISLANDS)Tarawa (GILBERT ISLANDS) jurisdictions. The findings from (SOLOMON these experiments have been incor- HabuTemaroitj Rameti into long-range planning. Mostyn porated of the South USP Centre The PEACESAT Consortium serves as University Pacific CentreP . 0. Box 275 P. 0. Box 460Bikemibeu, Tarawa a vehicle for further development Honiara, Solomon IslandsGilbert Islands of satellite communication for health, education, and community -Lae (PAPUA NEW GUINEA) services. It is projected that Tonga (KINGDOM OF TONGA) additional educational and health Steve Seumahu, Ian Fletcher The Kavenga Havea, 'Anau Fanua agencies will be involved. School of Electrical Engineering of the consortium assures multilateral New Guinea of University South Pacific Papua University Centre decision-making in project develop- Technology Nuku'alofa, ment. The next meeting of the P. 0. Box 793 is tenta- Tonga international consortium Lae, Papua New Guinea tively planned for February 1976. Niue (NIUE ISLAND) Wellington (NEW ZEALAND) The PEACESAT Project is cur- Tony R. G. Spooner Hanley rently in the process of producing Education Centre School of P.E.T.E.E. of booklets and occasional a series P. 0. Box 32 Wellington Polytechnic ac- Private papers describing experimental Alofi, Niue Bag tivities held over the 13 national Wellington, New Zealand communica- international satellite Noumea (NEW CALEDONIA) tion Available soon for system. John institutional distribution will be: Bystrom Pat Mahony Director, PEACESAT South Pacific Commission - a The PEACESAT News File B. P. 05 Telex: 723-597 review of about the newscoverage Noumea, Cedex Phone: (808) 948-8848 (Office) during the years 1970-75 project New Caledonia (808) 373-3795 (Home) 10

stock have and it This is a report from the in Tongan and English. Supplement- recently improved is for the impact of competi- Tongan Broadcasting Commission, and communica- ready ing telephone postal tion. and carried in ABU Newsletter tion, the TBC also provides an invaluable service for person-to- All in all, the future pros- On 1 1975 the July Tonga person messages among the widely pects for an independent Tonga to Broadcasting Commission ceased spread islands which make up the Broadcasting Commission look reason- be a part of the Tongan public ser- Kingdom of Tonga. In many cases ably good. vice and became the independent broadcasting is the only means of statutory body it was always in- sending urgent messages from one tended to be. This change was one island to another. Niue to install new of the major tasks required of David Porter, who was appointed The TBC's audience extends Manager of the Commission in far beyond the population of Tonga, telephone system August 1974 for a period of two as is proved by the large mail years. received by the request programmes Dissatisfied with its present telephone system, the Niue cabinet recently approved the purchase of a radio communications system. The high cost of establishing and BROADCASTING maintaining overhead telephone lines, reported Tohi Tala Niue on September 12, is the primary reason for the change. IN TONGA Tests with the radio link The change to a statutory which comes in from Samoa, Fiji and system, conducted with the assis- body has two particularly important New Zealand. tance of New Zealand officials, consequences: the first is that showed that with high masts and the TBC is no longer subject to In recent months, an element directional aerials the signal public service administration in of classical Western music has quality was adequate. The new been will tie the appointment of staff, financial introduced for a limited but system help the capital control and so on. This results interested audience. And, in accor- of Alofi with outlying villages. in decisions and easier dance with the official of speedier policy Tohi Tala Niue said that but also leads to the extending and improving the output operation, officials hope to have the radio second important consequence, which in English, special series from the link equipment in service by the is that the TBC is no under BBC Transcription Service have been longer end of the year. the Government's financial umbrella broadcast: the dramatised version and has to look after itself as a of Jane Fyre (the Charlotte Bronte commercially self-supporting unit. novel which is regularly studied in Guam Fortunately, the TBC had begun to Tongan schools), is a good example Newspapers achieve a profit a year or two ago. and was well received. With independence, the Government Enter AP Contest Departments, which previously Overall control of broadcast- received time on the air free, now ing policy ftill remains with the Guam's Gannett newspapers, the have to pay standard rates for Government (this is written into Pacific Dateline and the Pacific this time. the Broadcasting Act) with the Daily News entered the competition Prime Minister, His The TBC's programme output Royal Highness for the fifth annual Freedom of Prince Tu'ipelehake, brother of the has not been greatly changed by Information Award of the Associated as Chairman of the independence. It is broadcast King, Tonga Press Managing Editors for their Commission Board, on mainly in Tongan, with some pro- Broadcasting work toward the passage of open which the Hon. Dr. Sione Tapa, grammes in English and a few in government "sunshine" legislation Minister of Finance, and Mr. Fijian and Samoan which are in- for the U.S. territory. Taniela Tufui, Secretary to Govern- tended for listeners in neighbouring Both waged strong ment, also serve. There are 8 mem- papers countries. The programmes have an editorial campaigns for the passage unusually content: of a bill that would govern- high religious bers of the Board, the others being require Tongans are almost exclusively ment and agencies to the Hon. Ve'ehala, representing the departments Christian and the Church plays a their meetings to culture, history and traditions of open policy-making very important part in the life the public and press. Tonga, Mr. Alan Riechelmann and Mr. and constitution of the country. Lulu Faupula, contributing experi- The bill was this Talks programmes are mostly related passed ence and advice from the world of summer after it was amended to to village life, Tongan history and business, Mr. Trevor Simmons, more enforce- traditions, health and agriculture. incorporate stringent of the Department of ment as recommended There are regular helpful sessions Superintendent provisions by Telegraphs and Telephones, and the Brislin and Blake. given by police, dealing with tFle as Secretary to the the law on such matters as traffic Manager, acting Pacific Dateline Editor Dr. T. Board. regulations and order in public J. Brislin and Pacific Daily News The TBC also runs a shop in places. There is much indigenous Managing Editor George Blake gave Nuku'alofa, the of Tongan music, as well as a large capital Tonga, personal testimony on two occasions selling radios, cassette recorders number of request programmes, many each before the Guam Legislature and other electronic it of which include modern pop songs. equipment: the of a "sun- used to have a in the sale supporting passage monopoly shine law" measure. News bulletins in English are of transistor receivers but that relayed from the BBC World Service, has now been rescinded. But the It was signed into law shortly Radio Australia and Radio New shop continued to do good business, thereafter by Guam Governor Ricardo Zealand; world news is also given the variety and availability of J. Bordallo. 11

Tia Bela, Seeks MICRONESIA Financial Assistance The on-again off-again pub- lishing schedule of the three- form of a full-page editorial by year-old Tia Belau (Voice of TT Administration James S. Kunen of New Times. Palau) may soon be solved--assuming the beleagured newspaper can find In the September 5 issue of a 'good samaritan" to give it this relatively young feature news financial assistance. holds weekly magazine, published in New York, In its June 1 issue, the paper Kunen points out that this act will noted the following changes. mark the first territorial expan- Francisco Uludong, Tia Belau conferences sion the United States pub- press by since usher, left to run for election 1917, when we the The Trust Territory government bought Virgin to the Palau Editorial Islands from Denmark, Legislature. has instituted formal press con- and 1925, duties were then the when we annexed the responsibility ferences apparently in response to privately owned of Isaac Soaladaob, 26. criticism from the local press. Swains Island and incorporated it A of the Saipan's Marianas Variety (Sept. 12) into American Samoa. graduate University of Guam, Soaladaob has worked for reported that rather than allow Kunen further states that the Micronesian Legal Services and reporters to attend weekly TT at Palau School. through the acquisition of the taught High cabinet meetings, the administra- Marianas the U.S. just what tion decided to hold a con- gets Moses a former editor, press its citizens have wanted: Uludong, the cabinet always has to the as ference following bases within returned paper manag- military bombing range editor. meetings. of Asia. ing - :

of the Until the June issue, Tia Representatives Kunen then proceeds to ask for six administrations Public Information Belau had not published "What's in it for the Marianas?" months. The late arrival of a new Division, the office that out puts Among the several conjectured rea- the Micronesian News Service, will printing press hampered operations. sons, Kunen reckons that the When the arrived, however, the have to attend the briefings with press overwhelming vote to become a Com- did not have money local reporters. The Chief of PID newspaper enough monwealth of the U.S. could be to purchase a camera and platemaker. sat in on cabinet meetings in the attributed to the love of the cine- At last report, Tia Belau was still past. ma. waiting for "a good samaritan to drop by. According to the Saipan "It could be, says Kunen, weekly, James Hall, Press Secretary that the Marianans are all film When the paper resumes publica- to the High Commissioner, wrote a nuts. The covenant guarantees that tion, subscribers will be asked to letter to the Pacific Daily News at such time as a military base is pay $15 a year due to rising in Guam describing the openness established, the local population costs. In announcing the editori- of cabinet but meetings played will be to attend the al changes, the asked, down that the sessions permitted paper any- tape (sic) movies there. one who wishes to write a news were secretive. PDN, in a re- article or opinion to the paper may lated development, reported that Kunen can find no more plausi- do so but shall not expect payment.' the Director of the U.S. Office ble explanation. of Territorial Affairs had asked that tapes made during cabinet sessions be sent to Washington. PEACESAT Satellite news

The move to establish press conferences was made by the Trust S. P. Games news reported Territory cabinet. The Variety The PEACESAT terminal of said cabinet members felt that became the source of Saipan only The Pacific News Exchange of the meetings were intended to be information for some participating the PEACESAT network receive wide- an in-house conference with frank countries at the South Pacific spread coverage in Micronesia. The discussion on sensi- Games in potentially August. news exchange broadcasts, heard at tive matters. Saipan's terminal, are summarized and sent over the wires of the From August 4 to 10, three- Micronesian News Service, a govern- minute summaries of South Pacific ment operation. Games action were relayed to other Marianas People terminals While some island daily. The Micronesian Independent nations received SPG Times reports a private weekly published in the 'Film Nuts'.-New through wire services or their own Marshall Islands, for example, correspondents, many others had carried the of Another east coast publication recently roundup no way, other than through PEACESAT PEACESAT news. The has shown interest in recent devel- Marshalls are rouqhly 1,600 miles east of opments in the Marianas in the --Highlights, August 1975. Saipan.

12

Fi1m editor returns from London course Jessie Leong, the only woman among 15 Commonwealth trainees in news and documentary production, t recently returned from London as a film editor for the Fiji Ministry of Information. The five months to f training allowed Leong to 7 receive a number of training certif- icates, reported Fiji Information in August.

The Information Ministry's .. publication has taken on a new look of its own. Sporting a three-color - - cover, Fiji Information makes lib- ,,, era] use of photographs on high The result is a Manoa Rasigatale, Sub-Editor of the Fijian language newspaper Nai i.alakajJflwas a participant in quality paper. clear and very readable newsletter. the Communication Institute's Comparative Popular Culture Research Seminar last July. During the Seminar on 'Traditional Media' Mr. Rasigatale learned to play the ektara from Moustafa Abbasi, participant from Bangladesh. Computer Firms Gets OK To Set Up Center In Suva FIJI The following article is ex-, "We will bring Fiji nationals cerpted from a report carried in to Auckland to train them in key- the Cook Islands News on September punching and in the use of data 9. The establishment of a network terminals. Further staff will be Murrant Resigns of computer terminals, as this 'trained as the centre expands." article suggests, is important not only for economic but for activity By utilising the company's Times Post communication as well, Fiji development staff and data processing and equipment The General Manager of the raises questions of balancing in Auckland, the Suva centre will for Pacific businesses Fiji Times and Herald Ltd. , Mr. efficiency convert data into and company computer- Jim Murrant, resigned early in metropolitan control of local readable format. This means the business information. November. centre will quickly process the The article follows: accounting and financial records of The resignation was announced other companies, assisting them the new chairman of the An Auckland-based computer by company, with that would normally Mr. Dick data processing company, Pacific paperwork Sampson, who represents take their clerical staff many the owners, the Herald and Computer Centres Limited, has Weekly hours to do manually. Times of Melbourne, Australia, received Fiji Government approval Ltd., on the board. to set up a key-punching and com- centre in Suva. puter processing The company's computer systems Mr. said that are aimed at helping management to Sampson merely Mr. Murrant would be to This follows negotiations be- control business--something comput- returning Australia. tween the company's managing direc- er experts agree is becoming Hart, and Mr. tor, Mr. Kerry R. C. increasingly more difficult to S. Siwatibau, Permanent Secretary achieve manually, in this age of The Fiji Times and Herald to Fiji's Minister of Finance. spectacular company growth and mul- Ltd., has ceased publication of its timillion dollar business deals. latest venture, The Pacific Week- It is intended that the new ender, after less than three centre will be functioning in months. Steeply rising costs out- Government approval, at both this year. revenue was as the September ends, has been received Pacific stripping given by reason. Publication of an informa- Computer Centres to establish a tion brochure, This Week in Mr. Hart said the decision to Date] link between and New Fiji, Fiji has also and the is set up in Suva had been received Zealand. This will ensure uninter- stopped company believed to be having a hard look favourably by the Fiji Government. rupted transmission of data by at the of one or two between the two countries profitability telephone of its "Fiji will benefit from new other publications. employment opportunities, New Zealand skills and expertise that The company will become incor- Those with lowest advertising will be passed on to Fiji nationals porated in Fiji, with that country's support in recent months are the and export earnings from key-punch- holdings amounting to 50 percent monthlies Fiji Sport and Fiji Film ing," said Hart. and New Zealand holdings 50 percent. and Photo news. 13

as a Unesco consultant and then The Prime Minister does not returned to Papua New Guinea for see the establishment of commercial the establishment of PNG/BC at the radio in Papua New Guinea's immedi- end of that year, when he became ate future. The NBC, however, PNG Head of Research. recently began a campaign to assess the possibility of having radio Post Courier advertising. Tops Views Regarding his cordial rela- Somare tions with the press, Somare said Pacific Island an open door policy has allowed News As News' him to maintain close contact in Prime Minister Michael spite of a hectic schedule. Circulation Somare, a former broadcaster and I'm accessible to the journalist, is now faced with the press The New Guinea Post at any time,' he said. That's Papua tremendous task of maintaining Couriers circulation is climbing national in New something I'd like to keep. now have the solidarity Papua so quickly that it may Guinea. One of the tools which the One question, posed by an circulation of Pacific Australian highest any government will place a heavy reli- journalist, asked Somare Island newspaper. Audited net sales ance on is radio. if he saw any similarity between for the six months to September 30, Papua New Guinea and Indira Ghandi Earlier this year in an inter- 1975 averaged 22,340 copies daily, All India Radio into view with three broadcast turning to the Post-Courier (Oc- journal-. 'Indria Radio? according ists, Somare elaborated on his tober 27). feelings about the potential of "I hope, said the Prime Managing Editor Douglas broadcasting and the role it can Minister, "it doesn't become told PICN, 'of the PINA Lockwood play in Papua New Guinea. Somare Radio.' the Post-Courier must now members The interview, reprinted in be able to claim the circu- highest part in Transmitter (September), think. The closest Our News Surveys lation--I the PNG National Broadcasting Com- competitor for the Port Moresby mission newsletter, covered a wide is The Fiji Times which Audience' newspaper range of topics. At the time 'Reading has a circulation of about 19,000. Somare was the PNG Chief Minister Our News the PNG Information and Minister for The Post-Courier estimates broadcasting. Service publication, carried a that at least two or three people I, as Minister responsible, comprehensive questionnaire in its read every copy. In addition, the have no reason to say that we will June 15 issue. While it is not new circulation figures represent control what type of news goes out known what the results of the survey a gain of 4,000 copies daily than to the people, Somare said. 1 are, it is interesting to see a the previous six months. have made my point clear to newsmen government publication attempt to that under no circumstances will I better understand its reading au- tell the Chairman or the Director dience. of News and Current Affairs to say: Some of the questions on the ABU Secretariat 'This is the kind of information. survey included: Where do you We don't want it that way.' usually read Our News from?--At I see news as news. home, At work, In the village, At School; Do think the Somare said he was very con- you English in Our News Established scious of efforts by government is--Very Easy, Easy, Too Hard; What are the sections in officials to apply politicial pres- Our News do not like. Choose A Secretariat was established sure to the NBC. He felt that by you the worst three; and, When you in June by the National Broadcasting the Minister for being responsible finish reading Our News what do Commission of Papua New Guinea broadcasting, the pressures would continued (PNG/BC), an ABU associate member 1essen. (story pg. 15) which is now moving towards greater responsibilities in national devel- opment. The new Secretariat, which will eventually have a staff of 11 peo- ple, was designed as a specialist policy, planning and development unit which will be involved in checking on PNG/BC's achievement of its policy objectives. This group will also shortly take over respon- sibility for maintaining contact with international bodies such as the ABU and with broadcasting or- ganisations in other countries. The recently appointed Head of Secretariat is Keith Jackson, 31, an Australian. Mr. Jackson ' began his career as a producer k . with the ABC (Australia) in 1967. Lasarusa Vusoniwailala, a Fiji broadcaster, met President Gerald It.. Ford December 7 at the Three years later he was appointed East-West Center in Honolulu. Vusoniwailala is studying communications at the Center and Manager of Radio Bougainville. In University of Hawaii. Center President Everett Kleinjans introduced him. 1973 he spent 6 months in Indonesia 14

TV Team Denied Bougainvilie Entry An Australian Broadcasting ISLANDunder control withSthe COOK brought help Commission television team was of PEACESAT, was mentioned in the prevented from entering newspaper. for fail- Weekender Bougainville, ostensibly New to meet visa Anthony Hanley, Zealand's ing requirements. PEACESAT director, was as The PNG Post Courier in August said quoted saying that it is necessary to the three ABC correspondents were 'Differentiates' continue the communication to film the Bougainville experi- attempting ments in order to secession activities. keep the concept of global communication alive. It Then Chief Minister Michael Political Ideology is said, that a Somare said the three had failed Politics and political issues unlikely, Hanley in the editorial similar opportunity will be avail- to apply for entry permits and did play a large part of This is able for another 50 years. not comply with requirements for coverage any newspaper. the case of the visiting correspondents. Somare especially true in said, the Post Courier reported, Pacific press. an CIBNC Criticized "I must point out that these are In what appears to be by requirements with which every news attempt to help its readers more team or individual Press represen- fully appreciate the nuances of Opposition in Debate tative from overseas must comply." conflicting political ideologies, According to Information the Cook Islands Weekender (August The Cook Islands Broadcasting Office director Brian Amini, how- 30) published the following synop- and Newspaper Corporation came under ever, the ABC crew had been refused sis under the headline Political fire from Opposition Leader Dr. Tom CIBNC entry for political reasons." Definitions Updated. Davis when he said, "The Amini was in the Post 'stinks'." The name calling quoted Socialism You have two cows, Courier as 'There is no occurred during heated debate over saying, and one to neighbour. in you give your the CIBNC annual report for the point another TV program explod- .Communism: You have two cows, the issue at this when year ending December 31, 1971. ing stage the government takes both of them the Government is still negoti- and gives you milk. The Cook Islands News on ating. Fascism You have two cows, September 17 reported that the Oppo- the government takes both of them sition members pointed out that it Inder Named and sells you milk. took three years for the report to Nazism You have two cows, be presented to the Cook House. the government takes both of them The Minister of Broadcasting, PIM Publisher and shoots you. the Hon. T. A. Henry, attempted to the Stuart Inder, long-term Bureaucracy You have two counter the criticism by describing of Pacific Islands editor Monthly, cows, the government takes both various CIBNC community services. 18 has changed jobs. After years of them, shoots one of them, milks The News did not elaborate. helm of the at the editorial the other and pours the milk down After three hours of debate, Australian magazine, Inder is now the drain. the News said, the House accepted PIM publisher with editorial duties the report. becoming the responsibility of John Carter. Photo News Views 'Up Front with the Editor, Inder's column, now reads, "Up PEACESAT Effects Honolulu Star-Bulletin Front with the Publisher. The The Cook Islands Photo News 'end of a personal era" was carried almost a full page on announced in his column in the August 16 devoted to an analysis Gets New Publisher November PIM. of the PEACESAT and its program A in the effects on the Cooks. change management Carter, PIM assistant editor of the Honolulu Star-Bulletin and one time chief for reporter The satellite system, the occurred in early November. John the Fiji Times will provide PIM Photo News said, has helped to A. Scott, publisher of the Gannett with Inder "competent editorship, maintain ties with New Zealand and newspaper since 1971, was said. replaced other Pacific countries. While the by Philip Gialanella. is a Page 14 (Our News survey) system fairly sophisticated The move was announced one, the noted that local by you do with it?--Throw it in the weekly Allen H. Neuharth, and needs have to the president rubbish, Use it to wrap parcels or helped "adapt" chief executive of the Gannett program. food, Pass it on to other people, newspaper group. Scott was brought Smoke it, Put it in a file, or "Although English is the in to head the Star-Bulletin when Other uses. There were a total of region's 'lingua franca,'" said Gannett bought the paper in 1971. 23 the Photo News "dialect and into- questions. Gialanella, of the nation have been shown to be president P1CM is interested in hearing impor- Hawaii Newspaper Agency, will re- tant factors. English spoken with about similar surveys which may tain that position in addition to a Polynesian accent is more have been conducted in the region. readily his new responsibilities. The understandable than correct' Questionnaires and, hopefully, Hawaii Newspaper Agency handles all results should be sent to Jim English." noneditorial functions for both Richstad, Communication Institute, The medical uses of the sat- The Honolulu Advertiser and the 1777 East-West Rd., Honolulu, ellite system were stressed. The Honolulu Star-Bulletin Gialanella Hawaii, 96822. dengue fever epidemic, which was has been with HNA since 1971.

15

gesting, however, that journalists (both new and old) will have to come to grips with a different style Press in 'Growth Centre' of reporting.

Bruce Griffiths, an Australian Both these dailies are in com- lives in an area of journalist, plete command of their respective Australia that has been designated markets and it is impossible for N. Z. Law a Growth Centre by the govern- their respective circulations to ment. This is an to attempt plan increase on the current populations the development of new communities of the two cities. In other words throughout Australia. One of the they have saturated their markets Draws Fire consequences of this development to the fullest extent. The Labor Government in New planning is the effect it will have Since 1972, however, the media Zealand instituted a law which pro- on newspapers and broadcasting oper- within the growth centre has had to hibits the publication of names of ations situated in what are now adjust to the fact it must report people accused but not convicted of small towns. and keep up to date the public on crimes. According to the New York Times in September, the new legis- lation also prevents the press from publishing details which may identi- AUSTRALIA & fy the accused. The Labor Government was voted out of office since then.

The then National HowNEWwill the ZEALANthe progress of the decentralisationD opposition growth plans Party and the New Zealand press change the media? Griffiths programme. attacked the law as being a blow to attempts to deal with this issue This in turn has meant much freedom of the press. Some police in the following report. This sec- more accurate reporting and indeed organizations, the Times reported, tion is taken from an article he the format of articles is slowly have said the law may prevent im- wrote for PICN on the Bathurst- changing. portant evidence coming to light. Orange Growth Centre. The media, particularly news- The chairman of the Common- BY BRUCE GRIFFITHS papers, have had not only to keep wealth Press Union in London urged up with events but at the same time the Government to reconsider its The Bathurst-Orange Growth try and get across to the public the move. The legislation, he was Centre was officially announced in meaning and reason for each event as saying in the Times October 1972 and it is fair to and its likely causes. Journalists quoted say 'seems certain to cloister justice that the media of Bathurst and are increasing contact with State Orange prior to that date were typ- and Federal ministers, a situation and curtail the right of the citi- ical of the kind which would be which was rare in the past. zen to see done.' This found in small centre justice any country Even the media has had slight was done at a time 'when the in the United States. once being teething problems and when free flow of information was being a time news stories could wait Of course a country newspaper, upon subjected to 'much suppression radio or television station must until the next edition it has now the world'." become that edi- throughout cater for the needs of their commu- apparent when the tion is already set out the layout nity but all of a sudden the media New Zealand's Minister of must be changed when a more impor- within the growth centre faces an Justice said the law was a social different future. tant story does break. entirely reform measure designed to prevent This in itself has caused Indeed the future of the media headaches, and of course arguments, any stigma from being attached to already established within the but one factor to come out of the persons accused but acquitted. growth centre is already bright-- whole situation is that the two especially financially. main newspapers in Bathurst and At least that is how it looks Orange are always keen to scoop one another--another situation did UNESCO on in both the long and that Broadcasting paper not short terms but the future cannot happen too often prior to 1972. be forecast. Training Course The future is a problem the media is going to have some diffi- If the media is to grow and culty with. For a start, staff will For Samoa Cancelled prosper with the growth centre then need to be increased and the same themselves must grow and by they token that staff will have to be A UNESCO Broadcasting Training a fact which is now change, being more informed more course which was to have been held realised. and professional. in Apia from October 27 to November Gone are the days when almost 20 was canceled. The Bathurst-Orange Growth anyone with an above average mental- the Asian Centre has four newspapers, one can a job as a journalist Jointly sponsored by ity get Institute of television station and three radio on any of the media outlets within Broadcasting Develop- ment and the South Pacific Commis- stations (soon to be increased to the growth centre. I am not sug- sion, the month-long program was to four). Both cities each have one gesting that the staff already have been a Pacific Regional Rural major newspaper, the Western employed cannot do the job just as Broadcasting Course. Advocate (Bathurst) and the Central well as a journalist from one of Western Daily (Orange). the big national dailies. I am sug- 16

The interview, carried in a recent issue of Media Asia focused on the question whether the media Publisher should be a .master, servant or Hong Kong moderniser in developing countries. Rao pointed out that in devel- oping countries, the media have a Problems very difficult role to play for Discusses Press they have to serve two masters-- Publisher of the Pacific Commu- Q. More than any other Asian governments and their public. nications Group of Magazines and publisher, you have had the widest "It is to media to head of Newspapers of Fiji, Ltd., range of experience in publishing up people an of themselves Sally Aw Sian is an influential newspapers out of various Asian project image voice in Asian and Pacific communi- countries. Is there still room which will enhance their credibil- in the of as cation. The following article, today for joint newspaper publish- ity eyes governments well as the both of whom which appeared in Media, is con- ing ventures between regionalists, public, to inform and cerned primarily with Asia. Howev- like yourself, and local publishing they need to serve, educate," he said. er, a close reading will quickly entrepreneurs? to reveal that of the issues Sian many A. Joint ventures between He said that within the context discusses are to some of applicable regional publishers and local ones f the newly independent countries, the difficulties faced by the Pacif- have become quite difficult, and the media could be used for "good," ic press. Here is the interview: the reasons for this difficulty are that is, the promotion of social the for the build- Q. Do you agree with what governed by quest change of modernization, the "happy and livable balance" I have the seems to be present-day convention- ing of a national identity, al wisdom that the area available referred to. Undoubtedly, regional development of political conscious- can offer the communica- for the proprietary press to oper- publishers ness, of civic responsibilities. tions industries of the individual ate in is diminishing all over the He said this is one of the world and that there is a real reasons why the study of mass nations certain resources they danger this area may disappear communications has acquired not don't have enough of: internation- altogether? only an intensity but also an al connections, expertise, financ- extensity lately. ing, etc. Once the "happy balance" attained, between the local about the in A. What you call the propri- is Speaking writing itself and the Rao thinks that news- etary press is, to my mind, the press governments, newspapers, the business and industrial commu- that to be will free, privately-financed newspapers papers try literary it will become easier to lose their audience. and magazines--as distinguished nities, potential work out and international from the government-owned and -op- regional house rules, He said this is one of the erated. I don't see any diminish- participation. The will problems of press systems, espe- ment in the area of the free press' the working arrangements have cially in developing countries. operation. What I see is a shift to be hammered out first within He out that the in emphasis--or a change in venue, pointed pre- the individual country, of course. tentions to "instant literature" so to speak. There is hardly any room for joint may impress the journalist himself ventures now, but I see it and his but will lose This shift arises from the becoming colleagues, available in the next five years. the very audience he is out to greater transformations that have By that time, the individual coun- serve. happened world-wide. Advances in tries shall have rationalized their science and technology, increases A journalist "is not merely a own guidelines, national objectives in the depletion of person who can put words together populations, and internal problems. the earth's traditional resources, or write poetry. He is a reporter, etc. have created new demands from a sub-editor and a teacher." business and from industry, govern- Rao: Mass Media Rao believes that the power ments, from everybody--including of journalists- in developing coun- communications indus- people in the Can Aid tries might be "unrealistically" try. In some areas of social and glorified but he feels that this seems economic life the requirement Development phenomenon of the exaggerated, to be for a tighter group management The mass media can help in glorified and romanticised picture - of industries can't just things--and modernisation of developing coun- of the journalist is not exclusive their own plans without close pursue tries without "necessarily becoming to developing countries. government assistance, and workers, either sycophants or self-appointed "Certain sections of the consumers, the youth all have to be public leaders of the opposition." all) had given their say and at the same (not have always this research studies time be asked to contain some of Outlining the role of mass impression, despite which have clearly indicated that their localized aspirations, for media in the developing countries, - the actual of the good of all. the Secretary General of the Asian 'power' journalists is in fact nowhere near as Mass Communication Research and great The is as it is made out," he said. "proprietary press" Information center (AMIC) Dr. V. V. now called upon to help more L. Rao said a communicator can play cannot actively as an instrument for "They change fundamen- the role of a friend who has to tal attitudes and behaviour, development, for problem-solving espe- assist and the responsibility to in as etc. cially the short run," he added. (such population growth), criticise if he is properly educated Publishers and editors have simply and trained. AMIC is located in Singapore, to nowadays be more acutely aware and covers the Asian region. It of the need to achieve a healthy He believes that governments has the Pacific area as one of its balance between the positive goals and authority will recognize their concerns but to date is concentra- of defending freedoms. own need for such friends. ting on Asia. 17

Guam Press Club awards best stories REGIONAL the Guam Press Club presented A 1kTTTh award certificates during its recent Gridiron snow. The awards %"' _IJI'-IJI:" organisers to talk with were for outstanding stories and directly individuals involved in photo coverage in the print and arranging each of broadcast media during the period country's contingent per- Samoa News formers and craftsmen. The from January 1972 to June 30, 1975. PEACESAT also them Among those receiving awards were: exchange helped prepare for visits to these coun- Pacific Daily News Editor Joe " K tries in October-November. There Murphy for Puerto Rico Had a Chance strong, .7 will be similar exchanges on Octo- and Blew It' (editorial); PON ber 13 and later in the year. reporter Leanne McLaughlin forJ. P. King, publisher of the Everything You Wanted To Know About Samoa News in Pago Pago, wrote to The 10 countries and island Roaches But Were Afraid To Ask" PICN in early November that circu- territories involved were: Hawaii, Bob lation has reached (feature); the Pacifican's 5,200 weekly, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Young for 'Island Became Doorway To with "an ever increasing demand by Micronesia, Cook Islands, New New Life (human interest photo); Western Samoa. Hebrides, Niue, Tonga, Nauru and .._A flrMI DD, L, "Nnc ciju r LJfl EWIPuS "wn,.,s , on the Gilbert Islands. King said he cant seem to Micronesia (feature series). supply enough papers for the West- During the the There were a total of 22 exchange, ern Samoa market, with 1,500 circu- organisers were told how many per- awards given this year. lation now. He said he would need formers each country expects to additional equipment to meet the send. Johnstone and Jaram provided circulation demands. details about New Zealand (the UNESCO Advisor weather and accommodations for Reginald Schwenke, a reporter per- Suva from Western Samoa, joined the News formers) to assist local planners. Visits staff, and the newspaper needs The PEACESAT exercise was Mr. Howard additional staff said. The Gough, Unesco King organised by Tony Hanley at "we have Regional Communication Adviser News has a staff of 12 but Wellington Polytechnic, where the stationed at Kuala Lumpur, visited outgrown ourselves and need top New Zealand satellite terminal is Suva in October on his way to a professional help at this point in housed. proposed Pacific Islands Rural time, King wrote. Broadcasting course at the broad- King also noted that for casting training centre at Apia, plans Held Western Samoa. the second edition--to make the News Telecom Meeting come out twice a week--are awaiting at In Suva, he had preliminary a staff buildup. He said the circu- Tonga discussions with Len Usher, Orga- lation and advertising potential for A South Pacific nising Director of P.I.N.A., about another edition were good. regional telecommunications was held the possibility of UNESCO co-opera- meeting tion in a journalism course which King noted he was involved in in October at Nuku'alofa, Tonga. the minute from nine South Pacific would run parallel with one pro- details at the adminis-Delegates trative level and lend acountries, Australia, New Zealand, posed by Usher and now being consid- hardly ered by P.I.N.A. members in Fiji contribution to the Samoa NewsUNDP and the Asian Development in collaboration with the Universi- except for an editorial now andBank and other international orga- then.'nizations attended. ty of the South Pacific and the National Training Council of Fiji. The agenda included discussion The Apia course unfortunately of progress in telecommunication had to. be abandoned at the last PEACESAT aids projects being carried out in the minute because the sponsor with- South Pacific under the supervision '1 drew support a week before the of UNDP and the International proposed starting date. s. Pacific arts festival Telecommunications Union (ITU), a UN agency. Discussions were held PEACESAT served as an effec- on a feasibility study for a re- tive communication link between gional telecommunications network. Usher Elected Pacific islands in helping to streamline and speed up prepara- tion for the South Pacific Festi- Tarawa journalist Suva Mayor val of Arts. trains in London PICN learned before time The satellite network was shortly press The Atoll Pioneer (October 23) that Len Usher, Pacific Islands News Asso- used to connect the festival's that a Radio Tarawa jour- the new artistic director Dick Johnstone reports ciation Director, had been appointed nalist is in a radio and administrative director Wishie participating Mayor of Suva, Fiji. run the British 3aram with 10 training program by It was unsure what effects, if any, Usher's participating coun- in London. tries and island territories, Broadcasting Corporation appointment would have on the operations them a lot of work. - .- Tomasi K. of the news association. saving paper Tarau is one of a number of students in PICN passes on its congralulations to taking part According to the Cook Island the radio production course. The and wishes him the best of luck. Mayor Usher News (October 15), the 90-minute program is sponsored by the British on October 6 allowed the link-up Ministry of Overseas Development. 18

I

NEW BROADCAST STANDARDS ISSUED FOR, AUSTRALIA. The development of increased Of course, the establishing must remain an area or particular broadcasting ability on the part of any guidelines causes some concern." Objectivity, the of many Pacific countries is lead- broadcasters to feel that there is Commission found, "need not neces- ing to the difficult question of undue management control of day- sarily be achieved within a single determining what guidelines to to-day programming activities. program . . . but a balance of establish for broadcast media. The The Commission attempted to meet Australian Broadcasting Commission this criticism by noting that, "It has had to face this issue and views should be achieved within a should not be necessary, nor is it issued revised guidelines series of programs where the recently desirable, to spell out in minute for its broadcasters. The ABC emphasis is on controversial detail to professional broadcasters staff Radio Active in issues." journal the standards required. In broad- 1975 September/October, presented casting, any such code which at- the new standards. Mistakes will be made, said tempted to provide protection the Commission. The report quoted Lord Hill, Chairman of the Board The Commission said that against every possible contingency inhibi- there is now a wider range of would impose unacceptable of Governors of the BBC, who said and attitudes within our tions those opinions upon professional mistakes are "the price of the society than existed a few years broadcasters." ago and believes that there are intellectual and creative free- few, if any, subjects which it Finally, the ABC stressed dom . . . on which the life and would regard as unsuitable for that objectivity and impartiality excellence of broadcasting depends." serious discussion in its pro- grams.'

In addition to laws which prohibit the broadcasting of offen- sive language or material, the ABC -4 also established additional "con- .. straints" of its own.

"These relate,' the Commission reported, "to the time of day at which a program is broadcast, the choice of material and--of no less importance--the manner of its pre- sentation."

Dealing with the specific I issue of offensive language, the new guidelines acknowledged that "on rare occasions the subject matter and form of discussions or presentation, while acceptable,

may require and justify the use of these words and expressions." The decision to include this material, I L however, is one that must be left Map of area which could receive coverage PEACESAT to the more "senior levels." by Telecommunications Proposal. Story on page 20.

tAJ dpdpdp at ! iji Information iu1 by the MN1SIRY OF INFORMATION

19

Satellite experts have told Peacesat that it will cost up to $7 or $8 million to redesign ATSF- Prime to handle voice grade circuits PEACESAT instead of a TV circuit. NASA has spent $22 million on the unused bird, which was built by Fairchild Space and Electronics Co. The eyes stronger 'bird' company finished about 90 per cent of the job when President Nixon phased out NASA's communication ATSF-Prime is a sister satellite satellite experiments in January Bruce Benson to one launched in 1973 and used By 1973, to avoid competition with Advertiser Science Writer for nine months in 1974 over the domestic private carriers. Rocky Mountains at a cost of $211 (From Honolulu Advertiser million. The sister satellite, (12/15/75) ATS-6, now is broadcasting over "What we would like to do is India, and will be returned to expand Peacesat, enabling it to skies over the U.S. next year. develop communications traffic in health, education and community Peacesat, the worlds first edu- But ATS-6 is designed to broad- development to the point where com- cational satellite experiment, wants cast television shows over a small mercial carriers can take over in to sign off its present satellite area that is about 300 miles by the future. But wherever you cannot and climb aboard a more advanced 1,000 miles. Bystrom said Peacesat produce enough marketing of this and powerful "bird" that would let wants to take ATSF-Prime and re- kind of service, you're not going it reach an audience across 40 per design it before sending it up. to find a ground terminal being cent of the globe. Out would come the TV circuit and built, what with the price of com- in would go voice grade circuits. mercial stations," Bystrom said. To make the switch, Peacesat officials at the University of Hawaii The reasons, he said, is that propose taking a partially finished a TV circuit aboard a satellite is The expanded Peacesat experiment, satellite out of mothballs at a power hungry, consuming energy that Bystrom said, would develop traffic Mainland storage site, and launch- could drive about 1,200 voice from Hawaii to points as far west ing it into orbit with an Air Force circuits. The high power require- as the whole of India, all of Japan, Titan rocket. ment of TV means there is only one and most of the Soviet Union. circuit, and communication is a Dr. John Bystrom, Peacesat one-way street--from the trans- "This would be an international director, explained that a new, un- mitter to those below listening or project that keeps out of the launched satellite known as ATSF- watching. domestic U.S. and away from the Prime would increase voice grade power struggles among the domestic circuits of the program from the Peacesat would use the inherent private carriers," he said. present single one to 50 or 100. power of the new bird to drive just 50 to 100 voice circuits over a Bystrom said that unlike the range far greater than that of $211 million spent for nine months Besides more programs from the ATS-6. With the circuits would of one-way broadcasting with additional circuits, ATSF-Prime come two-way communications. ATS-6 in the Rocky Mountain exper- also would increase Peacesat's iment, the budget for Peacesat over range. The shadow of the new bird the past five years has amounted would fall over an area from Hawaii Bystrom compared the uses of a to a low-cost effort. to Russia, or 40 per cent of the TV circuit satellite like ATS-6-- globe. Present broadcasting on the the one now over India--with an Peicesat has operated on single circuit of an old weather ATSF-Prime satellite redesigned to $350,000 for the past five years, satellite does not reach to Japan. handle voice grade circuits. with half coming from the State of Hawaii and half from foreign Peacesat--the Pan-Pacific "Because a TV circuit equals sources. Additionally, techni- Educational Satellite Network--has about 1,200 voice circuits, TV tends cians have controlled the Peacesat linked schools and universities to be a one-way system. You don't satellite from a station outside together in the North and South talk two ways because you'd need Washington, D.C., at relatively Pacific since 1971. The program's 2,400 circuits,' he said. low cost. The development and touchstone is to provide experimen- launching costs for ATS-l came to tal two-way communications at very 'And as far as cost, using TV $15 million or less, Bystrom low cost. Ground stations in over satellite takes the little man said. service were built from simple, out of the picture because the off-the-shelf components. The lowest two-way ground station for Expanding Peacesat to the new stations cost from $5,000 to TV is about $250,000. What you're bird would still be less than the $25,000 apiece. doing is minimizing communications ATS-6 budget, he said, even instead of maximizing it. You counting the cost of $35 million Besides Hawaii, members of the have this one program being broad- for a Titan rocket. The Air Peacesat consortium are the Trust cast down, and passive listeners. Force is understood to have 15 Territory of the Pacific Islands; There's no dialogue. Titans on hand, he said. Wellington Polytechnic, New Zealand; University of Technology, Papua, New "It's essentially like you re- Guinea; University of the South moved all the telephone lines from Pacific, Fiji, and the South Pacific a society and had only a TV Commission, New Caledonia. station."