Chemical Composition of Cystoseira Crinita Bory from the Eastern Mediterranean Zornitsa Kamenarskaa, Funda N
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Chemical Composition of Cystoseira crinita Bory from the Eastern Mediterranean Zornitsa Kamenarskaa, Funda N. Yalc¸ınb, Tayfun Ersözb,I˙hsan C¸ alis¸b, Kamen Stefanova and Simeon Popova,* a Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria. Fax: ++3592/700225. E-mail: [email protected] b Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, TR 06100 Ankara, Turkey *Author for correspondence and reprint requests Z. Naturforsch. 57c, 584Ð590 (2002); received January 29/March 13, 2002 Cystoseira crinita, Lipids, Secondary Metabolites The chemical composition of the brown alga Cystoseira crinita Bory from the Eastern Mediterranean was investigated. Fourteen sterols have been identified, five of them for the first time in algae. The structure of one new sterol was established. The origin of seven sterols with short side chains was discussed. In the volatile fraction 19 compounds and in the polar fraction 15 compounds were identified. The main lipid classes were isolated and their fatty acid composition was established. Introduction pounds of the same sample of C. crinita was also There are more than 265 genera of brown algae performed. In the complex mixture was shown the (Chromophycota, Phaeophyceae), grouped in 15 presence of some monoterpenes, from which only orders (South and Whittick, 1987), widely spread dihydroactinidiolide was identified (Milkova et al., all over the world. Although there are many inves- 1997). The volatiles of C. barbata, collected at the tigations on their chemical composition, the infor- same time and location, contained mainly chlori- mation, concerning their taxonomy is still incom- nated ethanes, while the volatiles of C. crinita pos- plete. Lipids (Johns et al., 1979), sterols (Al Easa sessed no halogenated compounds (Milkova et al., et al., 1995; Stefanov et al., 2000), terpenes (Valls 1997). This shows that in the different species, et al., 1993) and polysaccharides (Usov et al., 1985) growing at identical conditions, the volatiles differ have been used for taxonomic conclusions. very much and probably these differences could Recently it was demonstrated that the composi- be used for taxonomic conclusions. tion of the volatiles, obtained by distillation- Another problem is to what extent the differ- extraction, could give some extra information con- ences in the ecological conditions could change the cerning the taxonomic problems in algae (Kame- chemical composition of algae. Here we present narska et al., 2000). The algae from the genus an investigation on sterols, volatiles, lipids and po- Cystoseira have been extensively investigated. lar compounds from Cystoseira crinita from the Polysaccharides (Khafaji, 1986; Pelivan and Lut- Eastern Mediterranean where the ecological con- kic, 1994), terpenes (Amico et al., 1989; Amico ditions (salinity, temperature, etc.) are different et al., 1990; Valls et al., 1993), sterols (Al Easa from these in the Black Sea. Moreover, the chemi- et al., 1995) and lipids (Heiba et al., 1997; Moreno cal composition of the algae from the Eastern et al., 1998) have been analyzed. In C. crinita Bory Mediterranean has not been deeply investigated. from the Black Sea, which is one of the main brown algae in this sea, were identified seven ste- Materials and Methods rols (Milkova et al., 1997). The main one appeared Algal material to be fucosterol (61.2% of the total sterols), which is characteristic for the brown algae. High concen- The sample of Cystoseira crinita was collected tration of the unusual for the brown algae 24- by hand using scuba from Mediterranean Sea in ethyl-cholest-5-en-3-ol (25.4%) was also found. Kas¸ (Turkey) in May 1999 at a depth of 2Ð8m. A preliminary investigation on the volatile com- Voucher-specimen HUEF-M99Ð001 was deter- 0939Ð5075/2002/0700Ð0584 $ 06.00 ” 2002 Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, Tübingen · www.znaturforsch.com · D Z. Kamenarska et al. · Composition of Cystoseira crinita 585 mined by Biologist Murat Bilecenoplu and Profes- trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) was added. The mix- sor Veysel Aysel and deposited in Hacettepe Uni- ture was heated at 80 ∞C for 30 min and analyzed versity, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of by GC/MS. Pharmacognosy, 06100 Ankara, Turkey. GC/MS: Hewlett Packard 6890 + MS 5973 with a capillary column HP-5 (23 m ¥ 0.2 mm, 0.5 µm Preparation of the extracts film thickness). Carrier gas: Helium. Temperature programme 100 ∞CÐ315 ∞Cat5∞C·minÐ1 and a The lyophilized sample of C. crinita (300 g) was 10-min hold at 315 ∞C. homogenized in methanol (3 l). The extract ob- tained was filtered and the alga was consecutively extracted with 2 l methanol-chloroform (1:1 v/v) Isolation and analysis of lipids and with chloroform (2 l) The total extracts were Part of the chloroform extract (153 mg dry resi- combined, diluted with 500 ml water and the chlo- due) was used for the lipid analysis. The lipid roform fraction was separated. The methanol frac- classes were separated by preparative TLC on tion was diluted with water and further extracted 20 ¥ 20 cm silica gel G (Merck) plates (layer thick- with 2 ¥ 500 ml n-butanol. ness 0.5 mm). ChloroformÐmethanolÐacetoneÐ acetic acid (70:14:24:0.4 v/v/v/v) was used as a mo- Isolation and analysis of sterols bile phase. Three main lipid classes Ð triacylglyc- The chloroform extract was evaporated under erols (TAG), glycolipids (GL) and phospholipids reduced pressure at a temperature of 40 ∞C and a (PL) were isolated. The fatty acids of each lipid part of the dry residue (1.3 g) was subjected to col- class were converted to methyl esters with 5 ml of umn chromatography on 40 g of silica gel (1:30). 15% acetyl chloride in absolute methanol. After Petroleum ether, followed by petroleum ether-ace- three h at 55 ∞C, the samples were diluted with tone mixtures, chloroform and chloroformÐmeth- water and extracted with petroleum ether. The anol mixtures in ascending polarity were used as methyl esters produced were purified by TLC on eluents. The fractions containing sterols (eluted silica gel G with petroleum etherÐacetone 95:5 with petroleum etherÐacetone (10:1 v/v), chloro- (v/v) and analyzed by GC. form and chloroformÐmethanol (99:1 v/v) were GC: Hewlett Packard gas chromatograph equ- combined and purified by prep. TLC on silica gel ipped with FID and 30 m ¥ 0.25 mm i.d. fused G with petroleum etherÐacetone (10:1 v/v). The silica capillary column SP-2340. Carrier gas: He- sterol fraction was investigated by gas chromatog- lium. Temperature programme: 150Ð210 ∞Cat Ð1 raphy/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chro- 4 ∞C·min , and a 10-min hold at 210 ∞C. matography (GC). GC/MS: Hewlett Packard 6890 + MS 5973 with Isolation and analysis of volatiles a capillary column SPB-50 (30 m ¥ 0.32 mm, Part of the chloroform extract (dry residue µ 0.25 m film thickness). Carrier gas: Helium. Tem- 480 mg) was subjected to a four h distillation in a Ð1 perature programme: 270Ð290 ∞Cat4∞C·min Lickens-Nickerson apparatus (Hendriks et al., and a 20-min hold at 290 ∞C. The ion source was 1981). The volatiles were extracted from the distil- set at 250 ∞C and the ionization voltage was 70 eV. late with diethyl ether (yield: 30 mg, 6.3% of the GC: Hewlett Packard gas chromatograph equ- extract). They were investigated by analytical GC/ ipped with FID and 30 m ¥ 0.32 mm i.d. fused sil- MS on the same system as described above. HP5- ica capillary column SPB-50. Temperature pro- MS capillary column was used (30 m ¥ 0.25 mm, Ð1 gramme: 270Ð290 ∞Cat4∞C·min and a 20-min 0.25 µm film thickness). The temperature was pro- hold at 290 ∞C. grammed from 40 ∞Cto280∞C at a rate of Through preparative TLC on silica gel G with 6 ∞C·minÐ1. Helium was used as a carrier gas. petroleum etherÐacetone (10:1 v/v) was also puri- fied the fraction straight after the sterols, contain- Isolation and analysis of polar compounds ing oxidized sterols (RRf 1.1 compared to the RRf of sterols accepted for 1). 5 mg of it were dissolved Part of the n-butanol extract (5 mg) was dis- in 50 µl pyridine and 75 µl of bis-(trimethylsilyl)- solved in 50 µl pyridine and 75 µl of bis-(trimethyl- 586 Z. Kamenarska et al. · Composition of Cystoseira crinita silyl)-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) was added. The Table I. Sterol composition (in % of the total sterol mix- ture) (Part A) and fatty acid composition of lipid classes mixture was heated at 80 ∞C for 30 min and ana- (in %* of the total fatty acids mixture) (Part B) of Cys- lyzed by GC/MS. toseira crinita. The silylated extract was investigated by GC/MS Part A on the system, described above with a capillary Sterols % column HP-5 (23 m ¥ 0.2 mm, 0.5 µm film thick- Androst-5-en-3-ol <0.1 ness). As a carrier gas Helium was used with a Pregn-5-en-3-ol <0.1 temperature programme 100Ð315 ∞Cat5∞C· 23,24-Dinor-chol-5,20-dien-3-ol 0.3 minÐ1 and a 10-min hold at 315 ∞C. 23,24-Dinor-chol-5-en-3-ol 0.3 24-Nor-chol-5,22-dien-3-ol 3.0 24-Nor-chol-5-en-3-ol 0.2 Identification of the constituents by GC/MS Chol-5-en-3-ol 0.8 The GC/MS investigation was based on the in- Cholesterol 11.0 24-Methylcholesta-5,22-dien-3-ol 1.5 terpretation of the mass spectral fragmentation 24-Methyl-cholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol 18.0 followed by comparisons of the obtained spectra 24-Ethyl-cholest-5-en-3-ol <0.1 with those of authentic samples.