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FLUCTUATIONS of GLACIERS 2005–2010 (Vol FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 2005–2010 (Vol. X) A contribution to the Global Terrestrial Network for Glaciers (GTN-G) as part of the Global Terrestrial/Climate Observing System (GTOS/GCOS), the Division of Early Warning and Assessment and the Global Environment Outlook as part of the United Nations Environment Programme (DEWA and GEO, UNEP), and the International Hydrological Programme (IHP, UNESCO) Prepared by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) ICSU (WDS) – IUGG (IACS) – UNEP – UNESCO – WMO 2012 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 2005–2010 with addenda from earlier years This publication was made possible by support and funds from the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF; WGMS Bridging Credit), the Cryospheric Commission of the Swiss Academy of Sciences (CC, SCNAT), the Swiss GCOS Office at the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss), and the Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland (GIUZ, UZH). This publication is the most recent volume in the series: FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1959–1965 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNESCO, 1967 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1965–1970 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNESCO, 1973 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1970–1975 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNESCO, 1977 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1975–1980 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNESCO, 1985 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1980–1985 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNEP – UNESCO, 1988 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1985–1990 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNEP – UNESCO, 1993 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1990–1995 Paris, IAHS (ICSI) – UNEP – UNESCO, 1998 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 1995–2000 Zurich, IUGG (CCS) – UNEP – UNESCO, 2005 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 2000–2005 Zurich, ICSU (FAGS) – IUGG (IACS) – UNEP – UNESCO – WMO, 2008 FLUCTUATIONS OF GLACIERS 2005–2010 (Vol. X) A contribution to the Global Terrestrial Network for Glaciers (GTN-G) as part of the Global Terrestrial/Climate Observing System (GTOS/GCOS), the Division of Early Warning and Assessment and the Global Environment Outlook as part of the United Nations Environment Programme (DEWA and GEO, UNEP), and the International Hydrological Programme (IHP, UNESCO) Compiled for the World Glacier Monitoring Service by Michael Zemp, Holger Frey, Isabelle Gärtner-Roer, Samuel U. Nussbaumer, Martin Hoelzle, Frank Paul and Wilfried Haeberli Department of Geography University of Zurich Switzerland Under the auspices of the World Data System of the International Council for Science (WDS/ICSU) and the International Association of Cryospheric Sciences of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IACS/IUGG) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 2012 Imprint World Glacier Monitoring Service c/o Department of Geography University of Zurich Winterthurerstr. 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland http://www.wgms.ch [email protected] Editorial Board Michael Zemp, Dept. Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland Holger Frey, Dept. Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland Isabelle Gärtner-Roer, Dept. Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland Samuel U. Nussbaumer, Dept. Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland Martin Hoelzle, Dept. Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Switzerland Frank Paul, Dept. Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland Wilfried Haeberli, Dept. Geography, University of Zurich, Switzerland Contributors Principal Investigators (see pages 5–20): data measurements, submission, and review of press proof National Correspondents (see pages 35–39): data compilation, submission, and review of press proof A. Barrueto, U. Gloor, B. Naegeli, K. Naegeli, A. Paszkowski, D. Raulin, M. Stainsby, D. Stumm, and S. Würmli: assistance with data collection and table editing Susan Braun-Clarke (Translations & Proofreading, Eichenau, Germany): language editing Printed by Staffel Druck AG 8045 Zurich Switzerland For bibliographic and reference purposes this publication should be referred to as: WGMS (2012): Fluctuations of Glaciers 2005–2010, Volume X. Zemp, M., Frey, H., Gärtner-Roer, I., Nussbaumer, S.U., Hoelzle, M., Paul, F., and Haeberli, W. (eds.), ICSU(WDS)/ IUGG(IACS)/UNEP/UNESCO/WMO, World Glacier Monitoring Service, Zurich, Switzer- land: 336 pp. Publication based on database version: doi:10.5904/wgms-fog-2012-11 ISSN 1997-910X (printed issues) ISSN 1997-9118 (online issues) The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publishers concerning the legal status of any country or territory, or of its authorities, or concerning the frontiers of any country or territory. PREFACE by UNEP Climate change and its impacts on ecosystems and human well-being is one of the biggest challenges for mankind in the 21st century. Consistent trends in glacier changes are key indicators of ongoing climate change. Moreover, glaciers are an important component of the Earth’s hydrological system and the current accelerated melting has significant impacts on the environment and human activities, including natural hazards, water and energy supply, and global sea level rise. The long-term monitoring of glaciers is therefore a basic requirement for a scientific assessment of global glacier distribution, changes and related impacts. The standardized compilation and free dissemination of glacier data from all over the world, as undertaken by the World Glacier Monitoring Service and its predecessor organi- zations, is a major contribution in support of the work of organizations such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Intergovernmen- tal Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Glacier changes are also among the most prominent indicators used by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in assessment reports such as the Global Environment Outlook (GEO), the UNEP Yearbook series, or various editions of Global Environmental Alert Service (GEAS) bulletins. The tenth volume of the Fluctuations of Glaciers, covering the observation period be- tween 2005 and 2010, continues the series of detailed reports on measurements of glacier fluctuations reaching back to the late 19th century. It presents the latest compilation of scientific data on glacier changes in length, area, volume and mass from more than 800 glaciers around the globe. The report points out a continued overall ice loss at high rates which is consistent with ongoing global warming and corresponding energy fluxes to- wards the surface of the earth. The comprehensive Fluctuations of Glaciers reports represent the backbone of the scien- tific data compilation which comes with full meta-information on principal investigators, national correspondents, their sponsoring agencies and publication related to the reported data series. These five-yearly reports are complemented by the bi-annual Glacier Mass Balance Bulletin which presents the data in summary form for non-specialists through the use of graphic presentations rather than as purely numerical data. Together these series built the scientific background for concise and illustrated UNEP publications such as the Global Outlook for Ice and Snow (2007), Global Glacier Changes: facts and figures (2008), or Measuring Glacier Change in the Himalayas (2012) which were published for a wide range of audiences. UNEP commends the work of the WGMS and partners on this very important global issue and is grateful to all those who have supported and contributed to this long-term, global effort. Peter Gilruth, Dr. Director, Division of Early Warning and Assessment I II PREFACE by GCOS In 2012 the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) celebrated its 20th anniversary. In 1992, when it was founded upon recommendation of the Second World Climate Confer- ence (WCC-2), certain fundamental climate records were already in place. The establish- ment of the GCOS was a response to the need to improve the understanding of the climate system observations in all its domains, i.e., atmosphere, ocean and land, in a coordinated and standardized way. Together the intergovernmental and international organizations most involved in observing the climate system, namely the WMO, the Intergovernmen- tal Oceanographic Organization (IOC) of UNESCO, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Council for Science (ICSU) joined forces to establish the GCOS as a co-sponsored program coordinating a system of observing sys- tems for climate. A similar process followed in the terrestrial domain, as the need increased for a deeper understanding of global change in the Earth System. This led to the establishment of the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS) jointly sponsored by UNEP, UNESCO, FAO, ICSU and WMO which is a program for observations, modelling, and analysis of terrestrial ecosystems to support sustainable development. GTOS facilitates access to information on terrestrial ecosystems so that researchers and policymakers can detect and manage global and regional environmental change. As of today five Global Terrestrial Networks (GTNs) have been defined for mountains, permafrost (GTN-P), glaciers (GTN-G), hydrology (GTN-H), and river discharge (GTN- R) to better structure some of the terrestrial observations and to improve networking among the contributing and responsible institutions. Each of these terrestrial networks is a joint, multi-institution effort. Through GCOS’ strong partnerships with users and providers of climate-related observa-
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