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EMERGENCY NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT NORTH-EAST AMHARA REGION - August 2000 SAVE the CHILDREN UK with the REGION 3 DPPC

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EMERGENCY NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT NORTH-EAST AMHARA REGION - August 2000 SAVE the CHILDREN UK with the REGION 3 DPPC EMERGENCY NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT NORTH-EAST AMHARA REGION - August 2000 SAVE THE CHILDREN UK with the REGION 3 DPPC MAJOR FINDINGS · Nutritional status has improved over the last 12 months. There is a disproportionate improvement in North Wollo when compared to South Wollo. · Certain FAs of Legambo, Tenta, Delanta Dwent and Dessie Zuria continue to be “at risk” with mean WFL <90%. However, the prevalence of malnutrition – defined as the proportion of children under 80% weight-for-length – has reduced markedly over the past 12 months. · Belg 2000 harvest was poor to very poor and harvested two months late, hence damaged by the kremt rains. · In Dehana and Bugna, pulse crops were severely damaged by infestation with pests such as aphid. · The improved nutritional status in Woredas such as Gidan, Bugna, Dehana and Wadla imay be linked to seasonal daily labour opportunities in neighbouring areas, access to developmental programs and regular relief distribution. · Terms of trade have improved, in all sites surveyed particularly in Gidan, and Wadla due toa reported increase in demand for livestock from Tigray traders. LESSONS LEARNED After twelve months of intensive monitoring of the areas worst affected by the drought in NE Amhara region, the Nutritional Monitoring Teams have drawn the following conclusions. · Although the overall food security situation has not improved, the critical nutritional status evident following the failure of the 1999 belg rains has improved in most survey areas. This is due mainly to continuous relief assistance and improved area targeting. · After one year of continuous relief assistance, nearly half of sample sites or on or below 90% weight for length - the DPPC nutritional cut-off point for emergency interventions. · Household targeting remains problematic. Woreda and FA officials endeavour to prioritise according to need. Nevertheless, relief rations received per household are inadequate to sustain significant improvements to children’s nutritional status. This is due to the inadequacy of relief rations in the face of the perceived magnitude of needs. As a result, nutritional status remains precarious in up to half of survey sites · The assessments have questioned the nutritional impact and cost-effectiveness of the provision of blended supplementary foods alongside relief rations when not targeted at specific children. · The ability of communities to cope with prolonged drought is linked to their proximity to markets and regular food-for-work or cash-for-work programmes. · With the repeated failure of belg rains, farmers in highland areas are increasingly attempting to plant for the kremt season. This is a high-risk enterprise, as the crops may be exposed to extreme conditions of July-August, which include excessive rain, frost, hail, and waterlogging. Agricultural research and extension should focus of the provision of appropriate seeds – such as ginbot barley – for these farmers. · Household livestock assets – which serve of primary sources of income to purchase food – have drastically eroded in recent years. Thus even in the event of the return of favourable rains, households in worst-affected areas will remain highly vulnerable to shocks for some time. SC UK’s emergency nutrition monitoring teams are supported by DFID. Emergency Nutritional Assessment, North-east Amhara Region, August 6 to 23 2000 1 I Introduction Since August 1999, SC (UK) in collaboration with Zonal DPPB has conducted regular anthropometric and food security assessment in the worst drought affected FAs in Region 3. The woredas chosen in these assessments were based on a joint assessment conducted with Federal DPPC in June 1999 in North and South Wollo, Wag Hamra and Oromiya zones of Region 3. The focus of these assessments differ from the regular Nutritional Surveillance Program (NSP) conducted by SC (UK). Whereas the purpose of NSP is to provide early warning of acute food insecurity, the aim of these emergency assessments is to inform ongoing relief operations. NSP represents data on a Zonal level with a sample drawn randomly, whereas these assessments purposefully select the worst drought affected FAs in the worst drought affected Woredas. The results of these assessments are not supposed to reflect the food security situation in respective Woredas, such extrapolation is erroneous. The last assessment was conducted this August. The report is a compilation of all the six assessments and reflection on the situation. II Objectives Through conducting emergency assessments in 6 randomly selected FAs among the worst drought affected in 8 Woredas of north-east Amhara Region, the objectives of the Nutrition Monitoring Teams (NMT) are: 1. To assist Region 3 DPPB and other concerned agencies to target relief resources to the worst affected areas. 2. To assess the effectiveness of relief operation in meeting the nutritional needs of the affected population. 3. To strengthen the capacity of zonal DPPD staff in rapid nutrition assessment through secondment to the NMTs. III Methodology Since the NMTs monitor nutritional status and livelihood indicators in the same areas with the same children no changes were made in either the sampling or the methodology from the one described in the August 1999 assessment report. Refer to Appendix I. As per five assessments, anthropometric and livelihood indicators were collected from the selected Woredas and FAs, with the exception of Delanta Dewnt which was not accessible due to the heavy kremt rains. IV Nutritional Status Overall the nutritional status has improved in majority of the FAs surveyed over the last twelve months. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate this progress represented by mean weight-for-height and percentage <80% weight-for-height respectively. (See Appendix II and III for specific FA results). One FA per Woreda was chosen to depict the general trend of the sites surveyed. The figures do not intend to represent the whole Woreda. However, it must not be overlooked that poor nutritional status continues to persist in particular FAs, Woredas and Zones. For example from the total number of FAs which have improved with a mean WFL >90% only one-third are from South Wollo. And the sites deteriorating are also from South Wollo. (Table 1) The trend represented by mean WFL% in Figure 1 also illustrates this distinction between North and South Wollo. Emergency Nutritional Assessment, North-east Amhara Region, August 2000 2 Table 1: Comparison of nutritional status for the FAs surveyed in May/June 2000 Mean WFL Explanation August’00 Category 1 % Improved Mean WFL% has increased to > 90% since August 1999 48 Stable & Mean WFL% has not changed significantly since August 1999 and is just on 19 satisfactory 90% Stable but Mean WFL% has not changed significantly since August 1999 but is <90% 26 unsatisfactory Deteriorated Mean WFL% has declined since August 1999 5 Note: Mean WFL <90% is poor, DPPC guidelines. Figure 1: Nutritional status of children 70-110cm, indicated by mean weight-for-length % for August ‘99 to August ‘00 from one of the worst drought affected FAs surveyed per Woreda 94 92 90 88 86 84 82 Aug'99 Sept'99 Nov'99 March'00 May'00 Aug'00 Dehana Bugna Dalanta Dewnt Dessie zuriya Legambo Note 1: One FA per Woreda was chosen to depict the general trend in the worst drought affected areas only. Note 2: The trend for Gidan and Wadla are similar to Bugna and Tenta is similar to Legambo. Note 3: Mean WFL <90% is poor, DPPC guidelines. From Figure 1 Dessie Zuriya’s nutritional status appears to be on a decline over the last 12 months and Delanta Dewnt continues with the poorest nutritional status from worst drought affected FAs surveyed in the eight Woredas. 1 The mean WFL% has been categorised into improved; stable and satisfactory; stable but unsatisfactory; and deteriorated. Emergency Nutritional Assessment, North-east Amhara Region, August 2000 3 Figure 2: Nutritional status of children 70-110cms, indicated by weight-for-height percentage median <80% for August ’99 to August ’00 from one of the worst drought affected FAs surveyed per Woreda 25 20 15 10 5 0 Aug'99 Sept'99 Nov'99 March'00 May'00 Aug'00 Dehana Bugna Dalanta Dewnt Dessie Zuriya Legambo Note 1: One FA per Woreda was chosen to depict the general trend in the worst drought affected areas only. Note 2: The trend for Gidan and Wadla are similar to Bugna and Tenta is similar to Legambo. Note 3: Greater than 10% < 80 WFH% is not acceptable, Bugna, Dehana, Wadla and Gidan FAs surveyed have improved considerably over the last 12 months. This can be attributed to a number of coping strategies accessed such as:2 Ø Meher harvest (usual or unusual for the area) Ø Developmental programs such as CFW, FFW Ø A more regular relief distribution Ø Daily labour Ø Petty trade Ø Sale of assets such as livestock However, in comparison Legambo, Tenta, Delanta Dewnt had limited access to many of the coping strategies mentioned above. Their major source of food over the last 12 months was general relief distribution. The ability of the population to expand or employ new coping strategies is limited due to agro-ecological conditions, poor infra-structure and fewer developmental programs in these areas. The question for the coming months is whether this improved nutritional status will or can be sustained? Considering that the belg 2000 harvest was poor to very poor, the belg-dependent communities will continue to be dependent on relief until the next possible belg harvest of 2001. Nutritional status will be precarious particularly in South Wollo and Delanta Dewnt. Some food security indicators that had an impact on the nutritional status observed are discussed below. 2 Refer to Emergency Nutritional Assessment North-east Amhara Region, March 2000 and May 2000reports for further details. Emergency Nutritional Assessment, North-east Amhara Region, August 2000 4 V Food Security Indicators i.
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