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Accessibility of the Baltic Sea Region Past and Future Dynamics Research Report
Accessibility of the Baltic Sea Region Past and future dynamics Research report This report has been written by Spiekermann & Wegener Urban and Regional Research on the behalf of VASAB Secretariat at Latvian State Regional Development Agency Final Report, November 2018 Authors Tomasz Komornicki, Klaus Spiekermann Spiekermann & Wegener Urban and Regional Research Lindemannstraße 10 D-44137 Dortmund, Germany 2 Contents Page 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3 2 Accessibility potential in the BSR 2006-2016 ........................................................................... 5 2.1 The context of past accessibility changes ........................................................................... 5 2.2 Accessibility potential by road ........................................................................................... 13 2.3 Accessibility potential by rail .............................................................................................. 17 2.4 Accessibility potential by air .............................................................................................. 21 2.5 Accessibility potential, multimodal ..................................................................................... 24 3. Accessibility to opportunities ................................................................................................... 28 3.1 Accessibility to regional centres ....................................................................................... -
Eastern Estonia
Kunda Nordic Cement Ltd BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN EASTERN ESTONIA Endla Nature Reserve EXISTING FOREIGN COMPANIES IN EASTERN ESTONIA 2 ABOUT ESTONIA ▪ Population: 1,316,000 ▪ Total area: 45,336 km² ▪ Population density: 30 inhabitants per km² ▪ Capital city: Tallinn ▪ Length of sea border of continental Estonia: 1,242 km ▪ Member of UN, EU, NATO, OECD, WTO, euro area, Schengen area ▪ Time zone: GMT +2 hours ▪ The offi cial language is Estonian. English, Russian, Finnish and German are widely spoken as well. ▪ Daytime temperature: 0 °C to –30 °C in winter and +15 °C to +30 °C in summer Why invest in Estonia Foreign enterprises are attracted to Estonia for the following reasons: ▪ Good business climate ▪ Corporate income tax rate for reinvested profi t is 0% ▪ Access to the EU Single Market ▪ Low level of corruption ▪ Low manufacturing setup costs and the presence of supporting industries, a highly-developed infrastructure and a smooth transportation system (inland transport, rail connections, ports) ▪ Entrepreneurial tradition ▪ Estonia is politically and economically stable and has a fl exible, well-educated and comparatively low-cost labour force: ▪ 1st on the Tax Competitiveness Index (Tax Foundation 2016) ▪ 3rd on the Index of Economic Freedom in the EU (9th in the world), (The Heritage Foundation 2016) ▪ 12th on the Ease of Doing Business Index (World Bank 2016) Port of Sillamäe and Sillamäe Free Zone 3 ABOUT EASTERN ESTONIA ▪ Eastern Estonia consists of four very distinct counties: Ida-Viru (with Jõhvi city as its centre), Jõgeva -
Introduction
Notes Introduction 1This study uses ‘Estonian Veterans’ League’ as the most practical translation of the Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Liit (‘Veterans’ League of the Estonian War of Independence’). The popular term for a Veterans’ League member was vaps (plural: vapsid), or vabs, derived from vabadussõjalane (‘War of Independence veteran’). This often appears mistakenly capitalized as VAPS. A term for the Veterans frequently found in historical literature is ‘Freedom Fighters’, the direct translation of the German Freiheitskämpfer. Another unsatisfactory translation which appears in older literature is ‘Liberators’. It should be noted that until 11 August 1933 the organization was formally called Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Keskliit (‘The Estonian War of Independence Veterans’ Central League’). 2 Ernst Nolte, The Three Faces of Fascism (London, 1965), p. 12. 3 Eduard Laaman, Vabadussõjalased diktatuuri teel (Tallinn, 1933); Erakonnad Eestis (Tartu, 1934), pp. 54–62; ‘Põhiseaduse kriisi arenemine 1928–1933’, in Põhiseadus ja Rahvuskogu (Tallinn, 1937), pp. 29–45; Konstantin Päts. Poliitika- ja riigimees (Stockholm, 1949). 4 Märt Raud, Kaks suurt: Jaan Tõnisson, Konstantin Päts ja nende ajastu (Toronto, 1953); Evald Uustalu, The History of Estonian People (London, 1952); Artur Mägi, Das Staatsleben Estlands während seiner Selbständigkeit. I. Das Regierungssystem (Stockholm, 1967). 5 William Tomingas, Vaikiv ajastu Eestis (New York, 1961). 6 Georg von Rauch, The Baltic States: The Years of Independence 1917–1940 (London, 1974); V. Stanley Vardys, ‘The Rise of Authoritarianism in the Baltic States’, in V. Stanley Vardys and Romuald J. Misiunas, eds., The Baltic States in War and Peace (University Park, Pennsylvania, 1978), pp. 65–80; Toivo U. Raun, Estonia and the Estonians (Stanford, 1991); John Hiden and Patrick Salmon, The Baltic Nations and Europe: Estonia, Latvia & Lithuania in the Twentieth Century (London, 1991). -
(26.08.2016) Ülevaade Ühinemismenetluste, Piiride Mu
Käimasolevad KOV-ide ühinemismenetlused ja piiride muutmise ettepanekud (26.08.2016) Ülevaade ühinemismenetluste, piiride muutmise ja konsultatsioonide algatamistest ja keeldumistest, mille osas on tehtud volikogu otsused ning teavitatud ministeeriumi. Kokku: 67, lisaks 2 piiride muutmise ettepanekut Üle 11 000 elaniku: 24 (sh kattuvad ettepanekud) Läbirääkimistega nõustunud/ettepaneku teinud/saanud omavalitsuste arv: 187 Ühinemist plaanivad Elanike arv Km2 Läbirääkimiste seis omavalitsused 01.01.2016 Harjumaa Saue vald 10 451, Saue vald 4 km2, Saue linn 5867, Saue linn 195 km2, 1. Saue vald, Saue linn, Kernu 2040, Kernu 175 km2, Kernu vald, Nissi Ühinemistaotlus kinnitatud. Nissi 2884 Nissi 265 km2 vald Kokku 21 242 Kokku 639 km2 Paldiski linn tegi ettepaneku jaan 2016. Paldiski 3886, Paldiski 60 km2, Padise vald nõustus. Padise vald peab läbirääkimisi Vasalemma 2. Paldiski linn, Padise Padise 1733 Padise 367 km2 ja Nõva vallaga. vald NB! puudub ühine piir. Padise vald tõi Mõlemad nõustusid Keila valla Kokku 5619 Kokku 427 km2 nõustumisotsuses välja vajaduse tegeleda ettepanekuga. ühise piiri otsimise võimalustega. Aegviidu 718, Aegviidu 12 km2, 3. Aegviidu vald, Anija Anija 5618 Anija 521 km2 Aegviidu vald tegi ettepaneku jaan 2016. vald Anija vald nõustus. Kokku 6336 Kokku 533 km2 Keila linn tegi 31.05.2016 ettepaneku Harku valla Kumna küla ja Tutermaa küla, Keila valla Karjaküla alevik, Kulna küla, Valkse küla ja Lehola küla ning Saue valla Valingu küla, Aila küla ja Tuula küla ühendamiseks Keila linnaga. Saue, Keila vald ja Harku vald keeldusid. NB! Piiride muutmise ettepanek. Kuusalu 6597, Kuusalu 708 km2, 4. Kuusalu vald, Loksa Loksa 2746 Loksa 4 km2 Kuusalu vald tegi ettepaneku 29.06.2016. -
Politics, Migration and Minorities in Independent and Soviet Estonia, 1918-1998
Universität Osnabrück Fachbereich Kultur- und Geowissenschaften Fach Geschichte Politics, Migration and Minorities in Independent and Soviet Estonia, 1918-1998 Dissertation im Fach Geschichte zur Erlangung des Grades Dr. phil. vorgelegt von Andreas Demuth Graduiertenkolleg Migration im modernen Europa Institut für Migrationsforschung und Interkulturelle Studien (IMIS) Neuer Graben 19-21 49069 Osnabrück Betreuer: Prof. Dr. Klaus J. Bade, Osnabrück Prof. Dr. Gerhard Simon, Köln Juli 2000 ANDREAS DEMUTH ii POLITICS, MIGRATION AND MINORITIES IN ESTONIA, 1918-1998 iii Table of Contents Preface...............................................................................................................................................................vi Abbreviations...................................................................................................................................................vii ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ VII 1 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................3 1.1 CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES ...............................................4 1.1.1 Conceptualising Migration ..................................................................5 1.1.1.1 Socio-Historical Migration Research....................................................................................5 1.1.1.2 A Model of Migration..........................................................................................................6 -
Internal Migration and Regional Population Dynamics in Europe: Estonia Case Study
This is a repository copy of Internal Migration and Regional Population Dynamics in Europe: Estonia Case Study. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/5031/ Monograph: Katus, K., Kuoiszewski, M., Rees, P. et al. (3 more authors) (1998) Internal Migration and Regional Population Dynamics in Europe: Estonia Case Study. Working Paper. School of Geography , University of Leeds. School of Geography Working Paper 98/14 Reuse See Attached Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ WORKING PAPER 98/14 INTERNAL MIGRATION AND REGIONAL POPULATION DYNAMICS IN EUROPE: ESTONIA CASE STUDY Kalev Katus1 Marek Kupiszewski2,3 Philip Rees2 Luule Sakkeus1 Anne Herm4 David Powell2 December 1998 1Estonian Interuniversity Population Research Centre P.O. Box 3012, Tallinn EE0090, Estonia 2School of Geography, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom 3Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation Polish Academy of Sciences Twarda 51/55, Warsaw, Poland 4Estonian Statistical Office Endla 15, Tallinn EE0100, Estonia Report prepared for the Council of Europe (Directorate of Social and Economic Affairs, Population and Migration Division) and for the European Commission (Directorate General V, Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs, Unit E1, Analysis and Research on the Social Situation). ii CONTENTS Page Contents ii List of Tables iii List of Figures iii Foreword iv Acknowledgements v Summary vi 1. CONTEXT 1 2. -
Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries
Estonia 2013 Please note that this PDF is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at http://www.iea.org/ termsandconditionsuseandcopyright/ 2013 Energy Policies OECD/IEA, © Beyond IEA Countries Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries Estonia 2013 One of the fastest-growing economies in the OECD, Estonia is actively seeking to reduce the intensity of its energy system. Many of these efforts are focused on oil shale, which the country has been using for almost a century and which meets 70% of its energy demand. While it provides a large degree of energy security, oil shale is highly carbon-intensive. The government is seeking to lessen the negative environmental impact by phasing out old power plants and developing new technologies to reduce significantly CO2 emissions. The efforts on oil shale complement Estonia’s solid track record of modernising its overall energy system. Since restoring its independence in 1991, Estonia has fully liberalised its electricity and gas markets and attained most national energy policy targets and commitments for 2020. It has also started preparing its energy strategy to 2030, with an outlook to 2050. Estonia is also promoting energy market integration with neighbouring EU member states. The strengthening of the Baltic electricity market and its timely integration with the Nordic market, as well as the establishment of a regional gas market, are therefore key priorities for Estonia. Following its accession to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2010, Estonia applied for International Energy Agency (IEA) membership in 2011. -
Käimasolevad KOV-Ide Ühinemismenetlused Ülevaade
Käimasolevad KOV-ide ühinemismenetlused Ülevaade ühinemismenetluste algatamistest ja keeldumistest, mille osas on tehtud volikogu otsused ning teavitatud ministeeriumi. Kokku: 50 Üle 11 000 elaniku: 23 Läbirääkimistega nõustunud/ettepaneku teinud/saanud omavalitsuste arv: 156 Ühinemist plaanivad Elanike arv Km2 Läbirääkimiste seis omavalitsused 01.01.2016 Harjumaa Saue vald tegi 2014 Saue Vallavolikogu Saue vald 10 451, Saue vald 4 km2, otsusega ettepaneku Keila vallale, Saue linn 5867, Saue linn 195 km2, Kernu vallale, Nissi vallale, Saue 1. Saue vald, Saue Kernu 2040, Kernu 175 km2, linnale ja Keila linnale alustada linn, Kernu vald, Nissi 2884 Nissi 265 km2 läbirääkimisi haldusterritoriaalse Nissi vald korralduse muutmise üle. Kokku 21 242 Kokku 639 km2 Nissi vald, Saue linn, Kernu vald ja Keila vald nõustusid. Paldiski 3886, Paldiski 60 km2, Paldiski linn tegi ettepaneku jaan 2016. 2. Paldiski linn, Padise Padise 1733 Padise 367 km2 Padise vald peab läbirääkimisi Padise vald ei ole veel vastanud vald Vasalemma ja Nõva vallaga. (ettepanek esitati 14.01.2016). Kokku 5619 Kokku 427 km2 Aegviidu 718, Aegviidu 12 km2, Aegviidu vald tegi ettepaneku jaan 3. Aegviidu vald, Anija 5618 Anija 521 km2 2016. Anija vald Anija ei ole veel vastanud (ettepanek Kokku 6336 Kokku533 km2 esitati 20.01.2016) 4. Raasiku vald, Anija Raasiku 4717, Raasiku 159 km2, Raasiku tegi ettepaneku Anija ja valla Linnakse ja Linnakse küla 71, Linnakse küla ... km2, Jõelähtme valdadele piiride Salumäe külad, Salumäe küla 72 Salumäe küla ... km2 muutmiseks. Jõelähtme valla Aruaru küla 86, Aruaru küla ... km2, Anija vald keeldus. Aruaru ja Haljava Haljava küla 145 Haljava küla ... km2 Jõelähtme vald pole veel vastanud külad (ettepanek esitati 21.01.2016). -
A Synopsis of Estonian Myriapod Fauna
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 793: 63–96 (2018) A synopsis of Estonian myriapod fauna... 63 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.793.28050 CHECKLIST http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A synopsis of Estonian myriapod fauna (Myriapoda: Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Symphyla and Pauropoda) Kaarel Sammet1, Mari Ivask2, Olavi Kurina1 1 Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi st 5D, 51006 Tartu, Estonia 2 Tallinn University of Technology, Tartu College, Puiestee 78, 51008 Tartu, Estonia Corresponding author: Kaarel Sammet ([email protected]) Academic editor: Nesrine Akkari | Received 28 June 2018 | Accepted 17 September 2018 | Published 29 October 2018 http://zoobank.org/0D7B2412-5585-4AEA-81D4-1854A4415128 Citation: Sammet K, Ivask M, Kurina O (2018) A synopsis of Estonian myriapod fauna (Myriapoda: Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Symphyla and Pauropoda). ZooKeys 793: 63–96. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.793.28050 Abstract The data on Estonian Myriapoda are scattered in various publications and there has been no overview of the fauna up to the present. A critical summary of the previous information on Estonian Myriapoda is given, supplemented by new records and distribution maps. Altogether, 5784 specimens from 276 col- lecting sites were studied. To the hitherto recorded 14 centipede species are added Lithobius melanops, L. microps, Geophilus carpophagus, G. flavus, Strigamia transsilvanica and Stenotaenia linearis, a probably introduced species. Of the 27 published Estonian millipede species, the data on two species proved er- roneous, and two new species were recorded (Craspedosoma raulinsii and Cylindroiulus britannicus). Two previously recorded millipede species – Brachyiulus pusillus and Mastigophorophyllon saxonicum – were not found in the recent samples, the latter may have become more rare or extinct. -
State Budget Strategy 2020-2023 and Stability Programme 2019
STATE BUDGET STRATEGY 2020– 2023 AND STABILITY PROGRAMME May 2019 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents 21. PRIORITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC 10 2. OBJECTIVES OF PERFORMANCE AREAS 16 2.1 National security and defence 17 2.1.1. Military defence programme 21 2.1.2. Programme for developing defence policy and supporting activities 23 2.1.3. Collective defence programme 24 2.1.4. Intelligence and early warning programme 25 2.2. Foreign policy 25 2.2.1. Foreign policy programme 28 2.2.2. Development cooperation and humanitarian aid programme 30 2.3. Internal security 31 2.3.1. Internal security programme 33 2.4. Public administration 34 2.4.1. Programme for supporting the Government of the Republic and the prime minister 36 2.4.2. Public finance programme 37 2.4.3. Administrative policy programme 38 2.4.4. Regional policy programme 40 2.4.5. Financial policy programme 41 2.4.6. Civil society programme 42 2.4.7. Archiving programme 43 2.5. Legal order 44 2.5.1.Reliable and effective judicial area 48 2.6. Agriculture and fishing 49 2.6.1. Agriculture, food and rural life programme 51 2.6.2. Fishery programme 52 2.7. Health 54 2.7.1. Environmental health programme 56 2.7.2. Health risk programme 57 2.7.3. Health care system programme 60 2.8. Social protection 62 2.8.1. Social security programme 64 2.8.2. Welfare programme 66 2.8.3. Gender equality programme 68 2.9. Education 69 2.9.1. -
Table S1. African Swine Fever Virus Genotype II Isolates from Estonia Selected to Study Central Variable Region (CVR) Genetic Variation
Table S1. African swine fever virus genotype II isolates from Estonia selected to study central variable region (CVR) genetic variation. **DP, domestic pig; EWB, European wild boar; *NRL, National Reference Laboratory Isolate NRL* Host Date Municipality County CVR variant GenBank registration Species** outbreak Accession number number Est14/WB-Valga-1 TA1411593 EWB 02/09/2014 Hummuli VALGA GII-CVR1 Est14/WB-VIL-1 TA1411917 EWB 09/09/2014 Tarvastu VILJANDI GII-CVR1 Est14/WB-Valga-2 TA1412184 EWB 10/09/2014 Hummuli VALGA GII-CVR1 Est14/WB-VIL-2 TA1412212 EWB 11/09/2014 Tarvastu VILJANDI GII-CVR1 Est14/WB-VIL-3 TA1412213 EWB 11/09/2014 Tarvastu VILJANDI GII-CVR1 Est14/WB-VIL-4 TA1412214 EWB 11/09/2014 Tarvastu VILJANDI GII-CVR1 Est14/WB-IDA-1 TA1412317 EWB 14/09/2014 Lüganuse IDA-VIRU GII-CVR1 Est14/WB-VORU-1 TA1415193_1 EWB 26/10/2014 Võrumaa VORU GII-CVR1 Est14/WB-VORU-2 TA1415193_2 EWB 26/10/2014 Varstu VORU GII-CVR1 Est14/WB-VORU-3 TA1415193_3 EWB 26/10/2014 Varstu VORU GII-CVR1 Est14/WB-VORU-4 TA1415194 EWB 26/10/2014 Varstu VORU GII-CVR1 Est15/WB-Valga-3 TA1500043 EWB 05/01/2015 Helme VALGA GII-CVR1 Est15/WB-Valga-4 TA1500136 EWB 06/01/2015 Podrala VALGA GII-CVR1 Est15/WB-Vil-5 TA1500130 EWB 06/01/2015 Tarvastu VILJANDI GII-CVR1 Est15/WB-Vil-6 TA1500891 EWB 15/01/2015 Tarvastu VILJANDI GII-CVR1 Est15/WB-Vil-7 TA1501143 EWB 20/01/2015 Tarvastu VILJANDI GII-CVR1 Est15/WB-Vil-8 TA1501144 EWB 20/01/2015 Tarvastu VILJANDI GII-CVR1 Est15/WB-Vil-9 TA1501120-1 EWB 20/01/2015 Tarvastu VILJANDI GII-CVR1 Est15/WB-VORU-8 TA1504950-2 EWB 26/01/2015 -
Econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Kliimask, Jaak; Raagmaa, Garri Conference Paper Social infrastructure planning in declining rural centres 44th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Regions and Fiscal Federalism", 25th - 29th August 2004, Porto, Portugal Provided in Cooperation with: European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Suggested Citation: Kliimask, Jaak; Raagmaa, Garri (2004) : Social infrastructure planning in declining rural centres, 44th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Regions and Fiscal Federalism", 25th - 29th August 2004, Porto, Portugal, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/117219 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu First draft NOT GOOD FOR QUOTATIONS 44th European Congress of the European Regional Science Association University of Porto Porto, Portugal, 25-29.