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British America Revision Guide Topic for revision How secure is your knowledge? RAG Unit 1: British Settlement in North America The impact of expansion and immigration on society: the pattern of settlement and tensions among social groups. Economic developments: trade with Britain and the West Indies, the importance of tobacco, the introduction of tea. The impact of piracy, including the activities of 'Black Sam' Bellamy and Edward Teach ('Blackbeard'). The suppression of piracy in American waters: King George I's Proclamation and the Piracy Act (1717), the work of Governor Spotswood. The slave trade and 'Atlantic triangle'; British monopoly on supplying slaves to Spanish colonies. The impact of slavery on the development of tobacco and rice plantations. The impact of slavery on colonial society: the position of slaves within society and the treatment of fugitive slaves within the colonies; the significance of Spain's decision to protect runaway slaves in Florida. Slave revolts in the Carolinas: the Stono Rebellion, 1739. The New York Conspiracy, 1741. The problem of smuggling, attempts to collect customs revenue and to control the fur trade. Unit 2: A disrupted society The Great Awakening- Religious revivals in the Middle Colonies and New England. The Enlightenment: the emphasis on education; the growth of newspapers and public libraries. The significance of Benjamin Franklin as a writer, philantropist and intellectual. Relations with the French and with Native Americans during and after King George's War 1744-48. The French and Indian War (1754-63) in North America and the role of Wolfe in Canada. The significance of the Treaty of Paris 1763 and the Proclamation Act 1763. The impact of the war on relations with Britain. Opposition to the Sugar act 1763. Relations with the Native Americans, including Pontiac's Rebellion, 1963-64. The Paxton Boys: their actions and impact. Unit 3: Loss of an empire The significance of British policies. American oppositon to the Stamp Act. The Sons of Liberty and the Boston Massacre. British and American relations: the Boston Tea Party and the Intolerable Acts. The significance of the First and Second Continental Congresses, 1774-75. The influence of Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense'. The significance of the Declaration of Independence. The role of Thomas Jefferson. Key American victories: Saratoga (1777) and Yorktown (1781). The significance of Washington's role, British mistakes and French and Spanish involvement in the war. The Peace of Paris, 1783, including the role of Franklin. The significance of the Declaration of Independence for slavery. The consequences of the war for the Native Americans. Question 1 – Explain two key consequences of… (8) Two different consequences An explanation of each one The use of precise historical evidence such as dates, names, places, statistics, etc. At least two paragraphs (3 sentence min) Max of 4 mins per paragraph Question 2 – Write a narrative account analysing… (8) A historically accurate narrative with links The use of precise historical evidence. At least three paragraphs (3 sentence min) One on the start, middle and end of the event Link first and last sentences of paragraphs Max of 4 mins per paragraph Question 3 – Explain the importance of two of the following… (16) 2 x 8 mark One paragraph on the first event One paragraph on the first event’s impact A final paragraph explaining how decisive the first event was in causing the second The use of precise historical evidence Two answers (of three paragraphs) Max of 4 mins per paragraph The founders of the American colonies were wealthy, landowners, poor servants and slaves. Some wanted to go and others were forced. As the map shows, the colonists were surrounded on all fronts by enemies including the French, the Spanish and Native Americans all of whom wanted to capture the land. In the NEW ENGLAND COLONIES- they were mostly middle class families. In the MIDDLE COLONIES- most people worked on the farms. In the SOUTHERN COLONIES- there were some rich landowners but lots of poor servants and slaves. But there was no representation of Americans in the UK Parliament in London. Immigration to America -Scots-Irish- mainly young -English- some went if they had -Germans group who became servants. family in America or as transportation for punishment. While the immigrants filled jobs and helped defend land, IMMIGRATION ALSO CAUSED INCREASED TENSION AND COMPETITION FOR LAND. For example Scots- Irish stole land off the Native Americans. All of the different immigrants caused different kinds of tension, including: Religious groups- different brands of Christianity clashed Tension between the descendants of English settlers and new settlers from Europe. Economy Britain buys most of the items produced in British America. This was because Britain controlled who the colonists sold to. But this helped sell the colonists products. British America also traded with the West Indies. In 1733 it introduced the Molasses Act which meant that British America sold goods in exchange for Molasses which could be turned into rum. Tobacco was 45% of everything British America sold. It was very important to their economy. Britain was famous for selling its tea and when it replaced coffee as the most popular drink in North America; it made sure the colonists were reliant on Britain. Piracy and its impact on the colonies Black Sam Bellamey In 1717 Bellamy and his crew captured the Whydah Gally, a slave ship he refitted as a flagship with 28 guns. The Whydah had an advanced weapons system capable of attacking any man-of-war in the Americas. The Whydah was shipwrecked off the coast of Wellfleet in a terrific Nor’easter on April 26, 1717. It was estimated that in modern money, Black Sam stole £120 million in jewels, silver and gold. When the Whydah was found in 1984 it had init f indigo, ivory, gold, and 20,000 to 30,000 pounds sterling, divided into 180 sacks of 50-pound (23 kg) each. Bellamy and his crew captured 53 ships before he died in a shipwreck at 28. As captain, his leadership style was almost democratic. His crew was very fond of him, sometimes even referring to him as "Robin Hood of the Sea" and themselves as "Robin Hood's Men". Captain Bellamy was also a good tactician Blackbeard Blackbeard's chief claim to fame is his blockade of Charleston, South Carolina. In approximately late May of 1718, Blackbeard entered the mouth of Charleston harbor with the Queen Anne's Revenge and three lighter vessels. He plundered five merchant freighters attempting to enter or leave the port. No other vessels could transit the harbor for fear of encountering the pirate squadron. Having accepted a pardon, Teach had apparently retired from piracy. However, Governor Alexander Spotswood of Virginia became concerned that the notorious freebooter lived nearby. Spotswood decided to eliminate Blackbeard. Teach was killed, and the battle ended. Teach was reportedly shot five times and stabbed more than twenty times before he died and was decapitated. Blackbeard’s legacy does live on. It is estimated that he stole £13.5 million in gold today. Many English ships were scared, HMS Shoreham was too scared to leave because of Blackbeard. He affected all merchant shipping from Carolina to New York. He also defended a Pirate town called Nassau and set it up as his base. He also bribed (gave him money) the governor of North Carolina to support him. How did Britain try to stop pirates? Method What was it? How successful was it? King George I’s To pardon any pirates and 500 men accepted the Proclamation forgive them of their crime. pardon. However some A prize of up to £100 pirates like Blackbeard took whoever caught a pirate. the pardon and then ran off and started pirating. The Piracy Act 1717 It allowed for pirates could It encouraged others to act be put to death as well as against pirates such as organised how the trials Woodes Rodgers who took could be set up over a pirate city and put them all on trial. More pirates were executed than ever. Work of Governor Asked for help from local He ordered Lieutenant Spotswood government such as the Maynard to kill Blackbeard governor of Virginia. which he did on 21st He removed juries at November. pirate’s trials. He provided incentives for those who captured pirates. Slavery in British America There were 100,000’s of slaves working in the colonies. The British American economy depended on slaves. -The map shows the ‘Slave Triangle’ The vast majority of slaves worked in the Southern States. This impacted as: -Provided cheap workforce -Provided a variety of skills and experiences -Slaves made up the vast majority of the population in the South. Britain was one of the only country allowed to trade Slaves. The Spanish and British agreed an asiento which meant Britain could just trade slaves. But they had to pay Spain for the right and give Spain a certain number of Slaves each year. But war with Spain and the smuggling of Slaves made the asiento less valuable to Britain. How did slaves impact on America? Slaves working on tobacco fields Slaves working on rice plantations Why use Slaves? Slaves provided knowledge from past farming. Provided a cheap labour force. Slaves worked hard on tough tasks. Creates an efficient system as slaves operated Slaves worked in harsh conditions such as swamps in gangs of 12 with one trusted slave foreman as slaves had no choice in charge Slaves took responsibility for production often giving their white owners free time. Slaves had experience of farming from their This all meant that rice plantations owners earned experiences in Africa and could give advice. a lot more money.
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