History and Prehistory in the National Park System and the National Historic Landmarks Program 1987 HISTORY AND PREHISTORY

IN THE

NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM

AND THE

NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS PROGRAM

History Division National Park Service Washington, D.C.

1987 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction i-ii

I. The Thematic Framework 1-1 to 1-23

II. Thematic Representation: Units of the National Park System II-l to 11-28

III. Thematic Representation: National Historic Landmarks III-l to 111-73 INTRODUCTION

This thematic framework is a revision of "History and Prehistory in the National Park System and the National Historic Landmarks Program," 1982. Thematic classi­ fication of the United States' historic resources is much older, however. It was urged in 1929 by the Committee on the Study of Educational Problems in National Parks, the predecessor of the National Park System Advisory Board. The first theme outline was adopted by the Board in 1936. It was well understood by the scholarly community represented on these bodies, that classification of resources is intrinsic to an understanding of a body of knowledge about those resources and is fundamental to the comparative analysis necessary in making judgments of rela­ tive significance.

The outline is used to show the extent to which units and cultural resources of the National Park System, affiliated areas, and National Historic Landmarks reflect the Nation's past. Parks and Landmarks are assigned to all themes, subthemes, and facets in which they are found to be nationally significant. By this process the comprehensiveness of the Survey of National Historic Landmarks and the representativeness of the National Park System can be gauged and planning for further study guided.

The framework guides those involved in historical survey at national, regional, state, park, or local levels, since the theme structure is a comprehensive outline of United States history, prehistory, and cultural endeavors, rather than a structure biased by existing or estimated numbers and concentrations of Landmarks and other historic resources.

The purpose is to cover all areas of United States history without excessive detail and minutiae. To that end, the 1982 framework has been changed in some important ways. Some theme titles like "VII. America at Work," "VIII. The Contemplative Society," and "IX. Society and Social Conscience" were judged not to be adequately meaningful and were discarded. In their place, the subject titles previously subordinated to them, such as architecture, engineering, and conservation, were raised to the theme level. This brings those and other major fields of endeavor more into balance with the more traditional themes of political and military history and westward expansion. The Major American Wars and Political and Military Affairs themes were not necessarily exclusive of each other and are easily merged into one larger, essentially chronological theme. This covers, in essence, American governmental history along with the Nation's major military conflicts. While the number of themes has therefore been increased from 9 to 34, the latter number is roughly equal to the previous number of subthemes and does not represent new areas for study. By raising previous subthemes to theme level, the lowest echelon, the subfacets, are eliminated leaving only three levels to consider theme, subtheme, and facet. An example of the three levels is as follows:

XIII. SCIENCE (Theme Level)

A. Physical Sciences (Subtheme Level) 1. Astronomy (Facet Level)

i To cover more thoroughly the various aspects of United States history, the subtheme Transportation and Communication, for example, has been separated into its two individual components while the Science and Invention subtheme was newly arranged so that Science becomes a separate entity and Invention was combined with the Engineering subtheme to form a new expanded theme under the new heading of Technology. Other subthemes have been added and facets raised to the subtheme level so that more important components of certain historical themes receive greater recognition. The facet levels have been refined, condensed, or enlarged where needed, so that more precise and signifi­ cant coverage of all aspects of the subthemes is provided.

There is a significant change in Theme I, previously entitled, The Original Inhabitants. This outline, traditionally understood to cover archeological sites, has been expanded to reflect greater detail and currency in archeology and to provide a broader range for ethnohistory. Revised assignments of National Park System Units and National Historic Landmarks to categories within this theme is absent from the outline (pp. II-l and III-l). These are being prepared and are expected to appear in a supplement which will be incorporated into a later edition of this publication. It was not thought worthwhile to reproduce the assignments of the previous (1982) outline in this theme.

In the previous (1982) edition, many subthemes specifically excluded aspects covered in other subthemes. Under this scheme, western mining in the 19th century was excluded from Commerce and Industry, even though no one doubts that resources of national significance relate to both areas. These exclusions have been eliminated.

The dates given for various themes or subthemes will bracket specific times, as is the case for wars, or with other classifications that are accepted by the professional community, such as architectural periods. There are, however, precursors and later phenomena to be found outside of any given time frame. Therefore, the dates given in this document are not meant to be rigidly imposed, but to be used as general guides to placement.

With the above changes, it is hoped that the users of this revised theme structure will find that it offers them greater flexibility, clarity, and direction in classification and survey, thus, making it more convenient to use. This thematic outline is an evolving framework; it will change as our under­ standing of history and prehistory changes and National Historic Landmarks are designated and de-designated. Readers are invited to comment on this publication so that it might receive continuous review for successive revision.

Edwin C. Bearss Chief Historian History Division June, 1987

i I I

THE THEMATIC FRAMEWORK

I. CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS: INDIGENOUS AMERICAN POPULATIONS

A. The Earliest Inhabitants

This subtheme deals with the earliest prehistoric inhabitants of areas now making up the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, and U.S. possessions who subsisted by various methods of hunting, fishing, and gathering. In general, the subtheme covers the earliest entry of humans into these areas when previously unoccupied, any subsequent migrations that may have taken place, and later social, economic, and other cultural developments. The period began in many areas with early hunters and gatherers, and includes later peoples who practiced more variation in their hunting, fishing, and gathering techniques. Agriculture was unknown or not intensively practiced, and pottery making appeared only toward the end of the period.

The New World was settled prior to 12,000 years ago—when, exactly, is not certain. The first inhabitants are believed to have entered North America from Asia via a land connection that once existed between the two continents. The populating of more southerly sections of North America and the islands of the Pacific and Caribbean occurred later (the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific, for example, are believed to have been first settled within the last two millenla). Some of the early hunters and gatherers in North America hunted a variety of big game animals, many of which are now extinct. This hunting pattern continued to approximately 8,000 years ago. The peoples that followed were oriented to a more diversified subsistence base, still using large game animals when available, but often engaging in special­ ised fishing, small mammal hunting, and plant collecting activities as well. This period, referred to in many regions as the Archaic, continued to approximately 3000 years ago, but in some areas persisted into historic times. It was during the later stages of the Archaic that the shift to cultivation of agricultural crops began, and the expanded development of sedentary commurri ties. The f o 1 lowing facets are in tended to cover a maj ority of pre- Archaic and Archaic cultural developments and adaptations:

i. The Early Peopling of North America 2. The Early Peopling of the Pacific 3. The Early Peopling of the Caribbean 4. Archaic Adaptations of the Arctic 3. Archaic Adaptations of the Subarctic 6. Archaic Adaptations of the Northwest Coast 7. Western Archaic Adaptations (California Area) 8. Plateau (Columbi a/Colorado) Archaic Adaptations 9. Archaic Adaptations of the Great Basin 10. Archaic Adaptations of the Southwest 11. Archai c Adaptations of the Plains 12. Archaic Adaptations of the Mississippi Valley Region 13. Archaic Adaptations of the Southeast (including the Cumberland Region)

1-1 14. Archaic Adaptations of the Caribbean 15. Archaic Adaptations of the Northeast (Including the Ohio Valley Region) 16. Archaic Adaptations in Montane Regions 17. Archaic Adaptations in Arid Lands 18. Archaic Adaptations in Riverine Zones 19. Early Man and Late Pleistocene Environmental Adaptations 20. Human Factors in Terminal Pleistocene Faunal Extinctions 21. The Big Game Hunters 22. Human Osteological Evidence of Early Inhabitants 23. Domestication of the Dog 24. Other

B. Post-Archaic and Pre-Contact Developments

This subtheme is concerned with the appearance of domesticated plants (and in some cases animals) and development of hunters and gatherers into farmers in many areas of North America following the Archaic. It also covers devel­ opment of specialized maritime, riverine, and other adaptations in select areas that allowed for growth of a sedentary way of life that was not speci­ fically agriculturally based. Its culmination is seen in large sedentary communities that developed in areas favorable to agriculture, such as the Southwest, but can also be seen in communities that developed as a result of the use of specialized fishing and hunting techniques or a combination of these and other practices. Maritime and agricultural practices, for example, formed the foundation for cultural developments in both the Hawaiian and Caribbean Islands, and specialized maritime technology supported cultural developments that took place in the Arctic, along the Northwest Coast, and elsewhere. Of course, relatively large, sedentary communities did not develop everywhere and a modified Archaic adaptation survived in many areas into the historic period. This theme covers the period from the end of the Archaic to initial historically recorded contacts of indi­ genous peoples with nonindigenous peoples. The following facets are intended to cover a majority of post-Archaic cultural developments and adaptations:

1. Arctic Hunters and Gatherers 2. Subarctic Hunters and Gatherers 3. Hunters and Gatherers of Western Littoral and Sierra Regions (California) 4. Northwest Coast Collectors, Hunters, and Fishermen 5. Plateau (Columbia/Colorado) Hunters, Gatherers, and Fishermen 6. Great Basin Hunters and Gatherers 7. Southwestern Hunters and Gatherers 8. Southwestern Farmers 9. Post-Archaic Adaptations 10. Plains Hunters and Gatherers 11. Plains Farmers 12. Post-Archaic Adaptations of the Mississippi Valley 13. Post-Archaic Adaptations of Great Lakes Coastal Regions 14. Hunters and Gatherers of the Eastern Woodlands 15. Eastern Farmers 16. Post-Archaic Adaptations of Eastern Coastal Regions 17. Caribbean Adaptations 18. Post-Archaic Adaptations in Montane (High-Altitude) Regions

1-2 19. Post-Archaic Adaptations in arid Lands 20. Post-Archaic Adaptations in Riverine Zones 21. Late Prehistoric Adaptations in the Western, Central, and Eastern Pacific 22. Physical Anthropology of the American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut 23. Other

C. Prehistoric Archeology: Topical Facets

The following facets are intended to provide topical aspects from which to assign significance to prehistoric period sites. They can be used singly or in combination with the subthemes and facets listed above. This list is by no means coinplete and wi 11 need to be revised, as necessary, to identify themes and facets that reflect the nation's important pre­ historic period archeological resources. The list is provided to identify certain aspects of native life depicting activities not readily assignable to one or more of the other subthemes and facets listed above.

1. Prehistoric Architecture/SheIter/Housing 2. Prehistoric Technology 3. Prehistoric Social and Political Organizations 4. Prehistoric Science/Intellectual Developments 5. Prehistoric Arts/Handicrafts 6. Prehistoric Communication 7. Prehistoric Diet/Health 8. Prehistoric Economics/Trade 9. Prehistoric Warfare 10. Prehistoric Religion, Ideology, and Ceremonialism 11. Prehistoric Social Differentiation 12. Prehistoric Settlements and Settlement Patterns 13. Prehistoric Urban Development 14. Prehistoric Rural Development 15. Prehistoric Transportation and Travel 16. Prehistoric Agriculture/Plant Domestication/Horticulture 17. Prehistoric Animal Domestication/Husbandry 18. Prehistoric Demographics 19. Prehistoric Cultural Change 20. Submerged Prehistoric Period Archeological Resources 21. Major Contributions to the Development of Culture Histories 22. Major Contributions to the Development of the Science of Archeology 23. Paleoecology 24. Prehistoric Human Physical Remains 25. Other

It must be noted that archeological values do not end with tlie prehistoric period but continue into the historic period as well. Many, if not all, of the historic period themes, subthemes, and facets in tlie f ramework can have associated nationally significant archeological remains. In some cases archeology is the key discipline that can shed additional light on the histor­ ical record concerning a specific theme or its sub-elements. Thus, significant archeological values associated with the themes that follow can and should be identified and classified by the appropriate theme; tliat is, the specific archeological values that contribute, in whole or in part, to the assignment

1-3 of the theme(s) to a specific site should be identified. An initiative that deserves special attention, and not adequately included in the following themes, is the identiEication of nationally significant submerged historic period archeologlcal resources, particularly shipwrecks and other remains of maritime activities.

Kthnohistory of Indigenous American Populations

Considered here is the period from the earliest historically recorded contacts between indigenous and non-indigenous people until contemporary t imes. Evidence for the assignment of ethnohistorLeal themes may require the integration of archeologlcal findings with ethnographic analysis of documentary materials, ethnographic oral histories, and ethnographic inter­ views.

A dynamic approach to indigenous experiences in the colonial system and the evolving nation necessitates new orientations to theme categories. As a result, themes, subthemes, and facets bet ter ref lect the dimension of change in native cultures and, to a lesser degree, in the lifeways of colonists who interacted with native peoples. The proposed concepts still inadequately capture the spirit of either stability or change, of processes and products of human action in and reaction to new natural and cultural environments, and may require additional refinement.

1. Native Cultural Adaptations at Contact

This facet provides baseline markers of representative cultural adapta­ tions evolved by native peoples in response to local habitats and adjacent groups at the time of historically recorded contact, immediately before non-native cultures have had demonstrable structural impact. Emphasis is on the relationships among native technology, resource use, demographic features and settlement patterns. Family and community organization, economics, including division of labor and economic exchanges, political patterns, religious beliefs and practices, and intertribal relations are considered, too. This facet applies to cultures of the continental United States, including Alaska, as well as the Pacific and Caribbean. It ranges temporally from the 15th to the 20th centuries, when contact with Hawaiiana and Alaskans became widespread.

a. Native Adaptations to Arctic Environments b. Native Adaptations to Subarctic Environments c. Native Adaptations to Northwest Coast Environments d. Native Adaptations to the Western Littoral and Sierra Environments (CA) e. Native Adaptations to Southwestern Environments f. Native Adaptations to Plateau Environments g. Native Adaptations to Great Basin Environments h. Native Adaptations to Plains Environments i. Native Adaptations to Northeastern Environments j. Native Adaptations to Southeastern Environments k. Native Adaptations to Caribbean Environments

1-4 1. Native Adaptations to Micronesian Environments m. Native Adaptations to Polynesian Environments

2. Establishing Intercultural Relations

This facet emphasises bases for early interactions between native and non-native cultures in the continental United States, Hawaii, Alaska, and in the Caribbean, Micronesia, and Polynesia. It considers economic, political, and religious bases in addition to the individuals or groups responsible for intercultural contact.

a. Trapping and Fishing for Newcomers b. Whaling and other Maritime Activities c. Military Scouts d. Guiding Explorers Across New Territories e. Defending Native Homelands f. Defending Native Religious Systems g. Introductions to Foreign Religious Systems h. New Native Military Alliances i. Trade Relationships j. Cash Cropping k. Helping Foreigners Survive: Providing Food, Clothing, and Shelter

3. Varieties of Early Conflict, Conquest, or Accommodation

This facet considers the effects of British, French, Spanish, and other colonists and newcomers, including Blacks, on native peoples and cultures. It focuses on consequences for the native economy, including resource use and technology; family and community life; religious aspects; and intertribal relations. Demography is considered, too, because the depopulation of customary native areas as a result of disease, military, or other hostile encounters, relocation, resettlement, and population decline also triggered modification of customary culture patterns. This facet begins with the contact period and continues until native peoples are about to be incorporated, by treaty, legislation, land purchase, or other means, into the United States' political apparatus. The period ends sooner for groups in the continental U.S. than those on Hawaii or in Alaska.

a. Transfer of Technology to Native Peoples 1. Domestic Plants and Animals, Cultivation, and Husbandry 2. Military Culture, e.g., Organization, Values, Technology, and Materials 3. Fermentation, Alcoholic Beverages, Tobacco, Drugs, and Medicines 4. Communication Systems b. Forced and Voluntary Population Movements 1. The Establishment of Indian Territory 2. The Changing Cultural Geography of the Southeast, Northeast, etc. 3. New Inter- and Intragroup Alliances 4. Military Removal and Concentration c. The New Demographics L. Disease and Massacres: Their Cultural and Biological Effects

1-3 2. Depopulation of Terrain 3. Captives, Slaves, and Refugees d. Changing Settlement Types 1. Mounted Hunters 2. Sedentary Villagers 3. Townspeople 4. Plantation Laborers 5. Mlsslonized Settlements 6. Reservations 7. Maritime Trade Centers 8. Pastoralists and Ranchers 9. Urban Neighborhoods

4. Native Contributions to the Development of the Nation's Cultures

This facet addresses native contributions to the evolving and distinc­ tive national cultures either by the direct transfer of native technology to newcomers, by syncretisms that reflect native or non-native ingenuity in combining materials or concepts from the two traditions, by inspiring non-natives to adapt traditional native cultures to new needs, and by otherwise contributing to the nation's creative pool.

a. Transferring Native Technology to Newcomers: Food, Clothing, Drugs, Medi c i nes, and Means of Transport at ion b. Native Roles in Decorative and Fine Arts, Literature, and Music c. Native Roles in the Development of Humanism, the Social Sciences, and the Law d. Native Roles in the Changing Images of America: the West, Hawaii, Alaska, etc.

5. Becoming Nat Lve American

This facet considers the processes leading to incorporation of native peoples as ethnic subcultures of a more inclusive national economic, social, and political system.

a. Treaties and Laws Formally Defining Native American Statuses and Roles b. Federal Education programs to Assimilate Native Americans c. The Role of Missionaries in Assimilation d. Native Responses to New Economic, Political, and Territorial Arrangements e. Native Statuses In New Stratification Systems f. The Bureau of Indian Affairs g. Co-existing Political Bodies: Chiefdoms, Monarchies, and Nations within the Nation

6. The Myth of the Vanishing Native

This facet considers contemporary American Indians, Eskimos, Aleuts, Micronesians, and Polynesians as demographically recovering and culturally viable populations. Evolving adaptations of contemporary peoples are considered, including orientations to mechanized agriculture, timbering, fishing, non-native extractive industries, tourism, and urban living.

1-6 a. Ethnic Revitalization 1. Changing Tribal Statuses, Political, and Religious Systems 2. Ethnic Associations (including Pan-Indian Groups) b. Resource Use 1. Commercial Timbering, Fishing, Agriculture, and Ranching 2. Extractive Industries 3. Subsistence Cultivation 4. 20th-century Hunters and Herders c. Tourism d. Large and Small Industries e. Contemporary Reservations and Villages f. Urban Subcultures g. The New Professionals

II. EUROPEAN COLONIAL EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT

This theme covers related activities of European nations as colonial powers within the present territory of the United States from the earliest recorded voyages until 1917.

A. Spanish Exploration and Settlement

This subtheme includes all activities by Spain within the present continental and overseas territory of the United States from Columbus' landing on St. Croix in 1493 until the conclusion of the Spanish-American War in 1898.

1. Caribbean 2. Southeast 3. Southwest; 4. California 5. Pacific

B. French Exploration and Settlement

This subtheme deals with the activities of France within the present territory of the United States from her initial explorations in the 16th century until the transfer of Louisiana to the United States in 1803.

1. Atlantic 2. St. Lawrence and Great Lakes 3. Mississippi Valley 4. Gulf Coast

C. English Exploration and Settlement

This subtheme addresses the activities of Great Britain within the present territory of the United States from Cabot's voyage in 1497 through coloni­ zation of the 13 original colonies, as well as later exploration related to present United States territory in the Pacific.

1-7 1. Exploration 2. Settlement of New England 3. Settlement of New York and New Jersey 4. Settlement of Pennsylvania and Delaware 5. Settlement of Virginia 6. Settlement of Maryland 7. Settlement of the Carolines 8. Settlement of Georgia

D. Other European Exploration and Settlement

This subtheme deals with the earliest European voyages to the present territory of the United States including Dutch and Swedish activity in the Middle Atlantic region from 1609 until 1664, Russian operations in Alaska and along the lower Pacific coast during the 18th and 19th centuries. and the period of Danish administration of the present U.S. Virgin Islands from 1672 to 1917.

1. Scandinavian 2. Dutch 3. Russian

III. DEVELOPMENT OF TUE ENGLISH COLONIES, 1688-1763

This theme focuses on the physical, military, and political development of Great Britain's North American colonies during the 18th century. The period was marked by the defeat and occupation of New France; by a significant increase In population and wealth; and by a growing independence of thought and action stimulated by the distinctive environment of a new continent.

A. Physical Development: 1. Growth of Urban Areas and Previous Settlements 2. Territorial Expansion B. Political and Diplomatic Affairs: 1. Intracolonial Matters 2. Relations with Parliament and Crown C. Military Affairs: 1. French 2. Spanish D. Social and Economic Affairs 1. Intellectual and Religious Affairs 2. Economic Affairs and Ways of Life

IV. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

This theme embraces the political and military conflict between the "thirteen United States of America" and Great Britain, 1763-1783. In addition to the military campaigns and engagements, it focuses on the political events leading up to the revolution and the diplomatic moves by the various parties to the conflict, as well as political and social events during that era that were not directly related to the Revolution.

1-8 A. Politics and Diplomacy, 1763-1783 11. The Declaration of Independence C. War in the North D. War in the South E. War on the Frontier F. The Naval War

V. POLITICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS, 1783-1860

This theme addresses the related activities during that period in which the United States developed from a weak confederation into a stable and growing nation—a nation capable of coping with most of its major domestic problems, of defending its interests by military action on land and sea, and of holding its own in international diplomacy. There was also a greater democratization of political institutions during this period. This theme also deals with the affairs of government during the three decades preceding the Civil War. The end of this period witnessed the general extension of suffrage to include all white males and expression of the dynamic concept of Manifest Destiny; but these developments were ultimately overshadowed by the increase of sectionalism that led to disunion and the Civil War.

A. Confederation Period, 1783-1789 B. The Constitution C. Early Federal Period, 1789-1800 D. Jeffersonian Period, 1800-1811 E. War of 1812, 1812-1815 F. Post-War Nationalism, 1816-1828 G. Jacksonian Democracy, 1828-1844 H. Manifest Destiny, 1844-1859 I. Mexican War, 1846-1848 J. The Rise of Sectionalism, 1840-1859 K. The Army and Navy

VI. THE CIVIL WAR

This theme focuses on the epic struggle between the North and the South that eliminated both slavery and the right of secession as a consequential political theory. Included are all military, political, and diplomatic activities related to this first of the "total" American wars, and all other political and social activities of this era not related to the war.

A. The Nation Divides, 1860-1861 B. War in the East C. War in the West D. Naval Action E. Political and Diplomatic Scene

1-9 VII. POLITICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS, 1865-1939

This theme treats related activities from the end of the Civil War until the beginning of the conflict that became World War II. The period was characterized by the reconstruction of the South, the increasing influence of big business and the efforts of "Progressive" political reformers to counteract it, a "war" with Spain, the increasing stature of the United States as a world power, especially with the entry of the country into World War I. The period was also characterized by massive immigration and isolationism after the war, the tremendous rise In the standard of living, the Great Depression that followed the 1929 crash of the stock, market, and the subsequent increase in the role of the national government in economic and social affairs.

A. The Reconstruction Era, 1865-1877 B. The Republican Era, 1877-1900 C. The Progressive Era, 1901-1914 D. America Becomes a World Power, 1865-1914 1. Military Affairs (including the Spanish-American War) 2. Politics and Diplomacy E. World War I, 1914-1919 F. Military Affairs Not Related to World War I or World War II, 1914-1941 G. Republican Prosperity, 1920-1929 H. The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1941

VIII. WORLD WAR II

This theme deals with the political, military, and diplomatic activities of the United States on the eve of and during the global struggle against the Axis powers from 1939 to 1945, and other political and military events of the era not associated with the war.

A. War in Europe, Africa, and the Atlantic, 1939-1945 Ti. War in the Pacific, 1941-1945 C. Politics and Diplomacy During the War I). The Home Front

IX. POLITICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS AFTER 1945

This theme focuses on post-World War II events in United States history. It covers such facets as the aftermath of the war, the formation of the United Nations, the restructuring of world systems, the Korean Conflict, the "Cold War" between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and the emergence of the United States as the leader of the Free World. (Because this time period is so recent, individual facets will need to be determined and reevaluated with the perspective that will inevitably come with greater distance in time from these events.

r-io X. WESTWARD EXPANSION OF THE BRITISH COLONIES AND THE UNITED STATES, 1763-1898

This theme embraces the expansion of the British colonies and the United States from the crest of the Appalachians across the North American con­ tinent and into the Pacific Ocean, between the Proclamation of 1763 and the end of the Spanish-American War.

A. British and United States Explorations of the West

Included in this subtheme are the activities of military and civilian explorers west of the Appalachians from the 1760s to the early 1870s.

1. Early Pathfinders, 1763-1807 2. Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 3. Scientific and Topographic Surveys

B. The Fur Trade

This subtheme encompasses the history of the American fur trade west of the Appalachians from the days of the "long hunters" in Kentucky in the 1760s through the activities of the fur seal and sea otter trappers in Alaskan waters during the late 1890s.

1. Old Northwest and Mississippi Valley Fur Frontier, 1763-1815 2. Fur Trappers and Mountain Men as Pathfinders 3. John Jacob Astor and the American Fur Company, 1808-1840 4. Rocky Mountain Rendezvous Era, 1824-1839 (including Rocky Mountain Fur Company, 1822-1834) 5. Southwest Fur Trade 6. Hudson's Bay Company and the Northwest Coast Fur Trade 7. Alaska Fur Trade

C. Military-Aboriginal American Contact and Conflict

This subtheme covers the relations between the British colonies and the United States with the aboriginal peoples west of the Appalachians (including military confrontations and conflicts) from 1763 to 1891.

1. East of the Mississippi, 1763-1850s 2. The Southern Plains 3. The Northern Plains 4. The Southwest 5. The Western Mountains 6. The Pacific Coast

D. Western Trails and Travelers

Included in this subtlieme are the development of commercial and migratory trails westward and the history of their use and users.

1. First Westward Trails East of the Mississippi 2. Santa Fe Trail

1-11 3. Oregon Trail and Settlement of Oregon 4. California Trails and Settlement of California 5. Mormon Migration and Settlement of the Great Basin

E. The Mining Frontier

This subtheme treats all phases of the history of mining west of the Appalachians from the mid-l8th century until the end of the 19th.

1. California Gold Rush 2. Northwest: Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Western Montana 3. Southwest: Arizona and New Mexico 4. Great Basin: Nevada, Utah, and Eastern California 5. Rockies: Colorado and Wyoming 6. Black Hills of South Dakota 7. Alaskan Gold Rushes

F. The Farmers' Frontier

This subtheme addresses the extension of agriculture from the Appalachians to the Pacific coast between the end of the French and Indian War and the close of the 19th century, when most cheap land suitable lor farming had been appropriated.

1. Farming Frontier of the Old Northwest, 1763-1820 2. Settling and Farming the Eastern Prairies, 1820-186 L 3. Later Settlements and Farming in the California Valley, Oregon, and Washington 4. Settling and Farming in the Great Plains, 1862-1900

G. The Cattlemen's Empire

This subtheme is concerned with the history of the cattle industry west of the Appalachians, which reached its apogee in the Great Plains during the latter half of the 19th century. Major phases include the large open Texas ranges of the 1860s and the transition to the enclosed holdings of the large cattle companies in the 1880s.

1. Great Trail Drives, 1866-1885 2. The Cow Towns, 1866-1885 3. Ranches a. AGRICULTURE

This theme deals with the practice of plant and animal husbandry within the present territory of the United States. Emphasized are the development of various farming techniques and the varieties of crops, livestock, and implements employed over 11 me and in differi ng regions.

A. Era of Adaptation, 1607-1763 B. Plantation Agriculture, 1607-1860 C. Era of Subsistence Agriculture, 1763-1820

1-12 D. The Plantation Breaks up, Sharecropping, and Tenant Farming, 1860- E. Mechanical Agriculture as Business Enterprise Beyond Self-Sufficiencv, 1820- F. Farming on the East Coast for Local Markets (Dairying, Fruits, and Vegetables)

XII. BUSINESS

This theme is concerned with the development of commerce, industry, and domestic and international trade within the present territory of the United States. Included are practices, methods, organizations, and techniques associated with these activities.

A. Extractive or Mining Industries 1. Iron and Ferro Alloys 2. Petroleum and Related Resources 3. Other Metals and Minerals 4. Timber and Lumber 5. Fishing and Livestock B. Manufacturing Organizations 1. Food, Beverages, and Tobacco 2. Transportation Equipment 3. Machinery and Instruments 4. Fabricated Metal and Glass Products 5. Thread and Needle Industries 6. Paper, Printing, and Publishing 7. Chemicals and Allied Products 8. Home Furnishings and Furniture 9. Other C. Construction and Housing 1. Commercial 2. Private 3. Public D. Trade 1. Export-Import 2. Wholesale 3. Retail 4. Advertising 5. Commodity Markets E. Finance and Banking 1. Commercial Banks 2. Savings and Loan Associations 3. Mutual Savings Banks 4. Credit Unions 5. Finance and Personal Loan Companies 6. Credit Companies (Credit Card Industry) 7. Public Regulatory Institutions 8. Stock and Other Market Exchanges 9. General Finance F. Insurance 1. Fire and Marine 2. Casualty and Surety 3. Life 4. Health

1-13 G. Service Industry 1. Food 2. Hostelry H. Power and Lighting 1. Electric 2. Gas 3. Nuclear 4. Water I. Accounting J. Defense K. Business Organization L. Shipping and Transportation M. Supporting Institutions

XIII. SCIENCE

Included in this theme is the discovery of significant concepts and phenomena including those derived from scientific exploration. It also includes American exploration not related to westward expansion, such as that In the polar regions and outer space.

A. Physical Sciences 1. Astronomy 2. Physics 3. Chemistry B. Earth Science 1. Physical Geography 2. Geology 3. Hydrology 4. Meteorology C. Biological Sciences 1. Botany 2. Zoology 3. Paleontology 4. Psychology D. Social Sciences 1. Anthropology 2. Economics 3. Political Science 4. Sociology E. Mathematics F. Medicine 1. Clinical Specialties 2. Non-Clinical Specialties 3. Affiliated Disciplines G. Scientific Institutions

XIV. TRANSPORTATION

This theme covers the transportation of persons and goods by land, water, air, and space, encompassing vehicles, vessels, roads, canals, systems, and structures used as well as the history of the activities themselves.

1-14 A. Early Turnpikes, Roads, and Taverns East of the Mississippi B. Ships, Boats, Lighthouses, and Other Structures C. Canals D. Overland Travel West of the Mississippi (i.e., Stagecoaches), after 1840 E. Railroads F. Urban Transport (Trolleys, Streetcars, and Subways) G. Automobiles, Buses, Wagons, and Highways H. Airplanes and Air Travel

XV. COMMUNICATION

This theme focuses on means of communication, both physical and electronic, as well as the history of the activities themselves.

A. Written Word (Newspapers and Periodicals) B. Mail Service (Overland, Water, and Air Routes) C. Telegraph and Telephone D. Radio E. Television F. Post World War II Electronic G. Spoken Word (Oratory and Public Speaking)

XVI. ARCHITECTURE

This theme is concerned with the development and expression of building design within the present territory of the United States. It deals with the careers and works of leading architects, structures of outstanding value in design, the evolution of significant architectural styles, and structures richly representative of particular types or geographical regions. Also included is the field of urban design. Subthemes have approximate dates:

A. Colonial (1600-1730) B. Georgian (1730-1780) C. Federal (1780-1820) 0. Greek Revival (1820-1840) E. Gothic Revival (1830-1915) 1. Early Gothic Revival 2. High Victorian Gothic 3. Late Gothic Revival F. Romanesque Revival (1840-1900) 1. Victorian Romanesque 2. Richardsonian G. Renaissance Revival (1830-1920) 1. Italian Villa 2. American Bracketed Villa 3. Cast Iron: Gothic, Romanesque, Renaissance H. Exotic Revivals (1830-1860) 1. Octagons 2. Egyptian 3. Moorish 1. Second Empire (1850-1890)

1-15 J. Stick Style (1860-1890) K. Queen Anne-East lake (1880-1900) L. Shingle Style (1880-1900) M. Period Revivals (1870-1940) 1. Georgian (1870-1920) 2. Spanish (Mission) (1890-1940) 3. Tudor (1890-1940) 4. Jacobean (1890-1915) 5. Neo-Classical (1890-1915) 6. Beaux Arts (1890-1915) 7. Renaissance (1890-1915) N. Commercial (1890-1915) 0. Sullivanesque (1890-1915) P. Prairie (1890-1915) Q. Bungalow (1390-1940) R. Craftsman (1890-1915) S. Wrightian ( 1837-present) T. Moderne-Art Deco (1920-1945) U. International (1915-1945) V. Historic District (multiple styles and dates) W. Regional and Urban Planning 1. Urban Areas 2. Suburban Areas 3. Parks 4. Cemeteries 5. Regional Planning X. Vernacular Architecture Y. Rustic Architecture

XVII. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

XVIII. TECHNOLOGY (ENGINEERING AND INVENTION)

This theme embraces with the development of processes, devices, structures, and tools resulting from the application of scientific principles. It encompasses the lives and works of engineers, builders, inventors, techni­ cians, and the specielized techniques by which they have executed their works.

A. Measurement, Observation, and Control (Surveying, Cartography, etc.) B. Transportat ion C. Energy Conversion, Utilization and Distribution D. Tools and Machines E. Military (Fortifications, Weapons, and War Vehicles) F. Extraction and Conversion of Industrial Raw Materials G. Industrial Production Processes (Including Agriculture) H. Construction I. Information Processing, Transmission, and Recording J. Earth and Space Exploration K. Water and Sewerage L. Fire, Safety, Sanitation, and Pollution Controls

1-16 XIX. LITERATURE

This theme is concerned with literary accomplishment in its many forms. Literature includes journalism as well as all types of creative writing.

A. Poetry B. Fiction 1. Nove 1 2. Short Story C. Non-Fiction D. Journalism: Opinion and Criticism E. Newswriting and Reporting F. Supporting Institutions

XX. THEATER

This theme is concerned with dramatic accomplishment for the live theater. It covers all aspects of the preparation, production, and presen­ tation of theatrical works for the stage.

A. Playwriting B. Performance C. Directing D. Staging E. Producing F. Theater Buildings G. Studios H. Supporting Institutions (Benevolent Society and Awards System) I. Theater for Radio and Television J. Vaudeville and Burlesque

XXI. MOTION PICTURES

This theme is concerned wi th dramatic accomplishment for the celuloid medium. It covers all aspects of the preparation, production, and presen­ tation of drama for the motion picture screen.

A. Cinematography B. Editing C. Sound Track D. Acting E. Design F. Directing G. Animation H. Producing (Studios, Sets, Locations) I. Film Product (Documentary, Western, Gangster, Epic, etc.) J. Supporting Institutions ("Oscars", etc.) K. Movie Houses

1-17 XXII. MUSIC

This theme is concerned with musical accomplishment in its many forms.

A. Classical B. FoIk C. Jazz D. Popular E. Musical Theater F. Opera G. Literature of Music H. Music Publishing I. Instruments (Use and Development) J. Forums (Halls and Auditoriums) K. Performers (Soloists and Ensembles) L. Supporting Institutions M. Musical Education and Training N. Music for Radio and Television 0. Recording P. Composing

XXIII. DANCE

This theme is concerned with dance accomplishment in its many forms.

A. Ballet B. Modern Dance C. Folk Dance D. Popular Dance E. Dancers (Soloists, Ensembles, Companies, and Troupes) F. Choreography G. Theatrics (Design, Lighting, etc.) H. Forums 1. Supporting Institutions

XXIV. PAINTING AND SCULPTURE

This theme encompasses the history of painting and sculpture by persons either academically trained or self-taught.

A. Early American Provincial Painting, 1676-1726 B. Baroque in America, 1720-1776 C. Neoclassicism, 1780-1820 D. Romanticism E. European Influences, 1876-1920 1. American Impressionism, 1876-1920 F. Realism, 1850-1926 G. Historical Painting and Sculpture: Memory and Dreams, 1876-1908

1-18 H. The 20th Century, 1900-1930 1. The Eight, the Armory Show, the New Realism, 1900-1926 2. Art Colonies, 1915-1930 3. Regionalism, 1915-1935 I. The Second Generation, 1920- 1. WPA, 1933-1935 2. Refugees from Europe, 1930s J. World War II to the Present, 1939- K. Supporting Institutions

XXV. PRINTS AND PHOTOGRAPHY

This theme encompasses the history of printmaking and the art of photography by persons either formally trained or self-taught.

XXVI. DECORATIVE AND FOLK ART

This theme embraces those art forms and objects created and used for functional purposes in the home and workplace. These originated mostly with artists and craftsmen with skills and talents passed on from person to person outside an academic environment.

XXVI1. EDUCATION

This theme addresses the development of public and private formal education in the United States. It encompasses the careers of noted educators and the history of educational institutions, including libraries, museums, and zoos.

A. Pre-School Education 1. Early Education, Its Conceptual Development 2. Objectives and Methods B. Elementary, Intermediate, and Secondary Education 1. Development of the System 2. Variant Patterns in the System 3. Effects of Technology 4. Population Change 5. Development of Equal Educational Opportunity 6. Objectives, Curricula, Methodology, and Administration C. Higher Education (Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools) 1. Primary Models 2. Objectives, Curricula, Admission Policies, Teaching Methods, Examinations 3. Social and Administrative Patterns 4. Research, Graduate, Post-Graduate Studies, and Professional Studies D. Specialized Education 1. Conceptional Development 2. Patterns of Organization 3. Gifted 4. Mentally Handicapped

1-19 5. Physically Handicapped 6. Socially and Emotionally Disturbed E. Adult Education 1. Conceptional Development 2. Institutional Patterns F. Vocational Training 1. Conceptional Development 2. Apprenticeships and Employee Training 0. Adjunct Educational Institutions 1. Museums, Archives, and Botanical Gardens 2. Libraries 3. Zoos 4. Other Specialized Institutions H. Special Populations 1. Aboriginal Populations 2. Ethnic Populations 3. Women's Education 4. The Military

XXVIII. THE LAW

A. The Development of Principles in the Legal Specialties B. The Court System C. Law Schools, Offices, Journals, etc. D. Scholars, Judges , and Lawyers

XXIX. INTELLECTUAL CURRENTS

This theme is concerned with ideas, concepts, and philosophies not necessarily related to any specific movement and not necessarily possessing any immediate material or social application.

A. Philosophical Schools of Thought B. Philosophers and Thinkers C. Ideologies and Interpretation of the Branches of Knowledge (History, Philosophy of History, Political Philosophy, etc.) D. Fields of Philosophy (Aesthetics, Moral Philosophy, etc.)

XXX. AMERICAN WAYS OF LIFE

This theme treats the social structure of people within the present territory of the United States. Included are the lifeways of various strata of the American people over time. Here are assigned areas depicting in representative fashion significant economic, social, occupational, regional, ethnic, and religious groups.

A. Slavery and Plantation Life B. Farming Communities C. Industrial Towns D. Urban Life E. Ethnic Communities (including the Immigration Phenomenon) F. Industrial Wealth of the Last Half of 19th Century

1-20 G. Consumer Society of the 20th Century H. Suburban Life I. Domesticity and Family Life J. Occupational and Economic Classes

XXXI. SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN MOVEMENTS

This theme is concerned wi th the ef forts of indi viduaIs and groups to reshape society or social institutions in accordance with preconceived ideals and to rectify or relieve disabilities under which portions of the population suffer.

A. Communitarianism and Utopianism B. Temperance and Prohibition C. Women's Rights D. Abolitionism E. Peace Movements F. Aiding the Handicapped and Mental Health Care G. Prison Reform H. Labor Organizations I. Farmers' Organizations J. Poverty Relief and Urban Social Reform K. Emergency Aid and Health Care L. General Philanthropy M. Civil Rights Movements N. General and Radical Reform

XXXII. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

This theme addresses the history of public and private management of the nation's laud, water, and air resources, including plant and animal 1 i f e.

A. Origin and Development of the Conservation Idea to 1370 B. Formation of the Conservation Movement, 1870-1908 1. Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation Preservation 2. Origins of the National Parks Movement 3. Game Protection 4. The Forest Service and Forest Preservation 5. Origins of Watershed and Water Conservation 6. Water Purification and Sewage Treatment 7. Scenic Preservation C. The Conservation Movement Matures, 1908-1941 1. Emergence of Federal Conservation Legislation 2. Birth of Wildlife Management 3. Fish and Wildlife Refuge System 4. Forest System Expands 5. Soil Conservation Movement 6. Origin and Development of the National Park Service 7. Range and Forage Protection 8. Wilderness System

1-21 9. Public Health Through Pollution Control 10. The Great Depression and Conservation

XXXI It. HISTORIC PRESERVATION

This theme addresses the history of public and private efforts to protect and manage historic sites and structures.

A. Formative Years, 1796-1858: The Destruction of Green Springs to the Saving of Mount Vernon and the Ilasbrouck House, Patriotism and Preservation B. Regional Efforts: The South, 1860-1900 1. The South Looks to Government for Help 2. The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities C. Regional Efforts: Mid-Atlantic States, 1860-1900 1. Memorials to the Revolution 2. American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society — A Pattern for Private Action D. Regional Efforts: New England, 1860-1900 1. Regionalism and Preservation 2. Private Historical Societies 3. Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities E. Monticello: The Emergence of Architectural Interest in Preservation, 1900-1926 — Antiquaries, Architects, and Museums F. Emergence of the Automobile and the Restoration of Williamsburg, 1919-1926 G. The Federal Government Enters the Movement, 1884-1949 1. Battlefield Preservation 2. Archeological Preservation 3. The National Park Service and the New Deal 4. The National Trust 5. Growth in Professionalism and Technology

XXXIV. RECREATION

This theme is concerned with leisure activities of people in the United States, including sports and games, vacationing and tourism, other participatory and non-participatory activities, and those individuals who have contributed significantly to the recreational life of the United States.

A. Sports 1. Olympics 2. 3aseball 3. Football 4. Basketball 5. Tennis 6. Cricket 7. Squash 8. Rowi ng B. Spectator Pastimes 1. Amusement Parks

1-22 2. Roller Coasters 3. Carousels A. Circuses 5. Zoos, Aquariums, and Planetariums 6. Worlds Fairs 7. Racing 8. Festivals and Pageants 9. Rodeos E. General Recreation 1. Resort Hotels and Spas 2. Resort Communities 3. Other

1-23 11

THEMATIC REPRESENTATION: UNITS OF THE NATIONAL PARK SYSTEM

I. CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS: INDIGENOUS AMERICAN POPULATIONS

II. EUROPEAN COLONIAL EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT

A. Spanish Exploration and Settlement

1. Cari bbean San Juan National Historic Site, PR

2. Southeast Arkansas Post National Memorial, AR Castillo de San Marcos National Monument, FL DeSoto National Memorial, FL Fort Matanzas National Monument, FL Gulf Islands National Seashore (Bateria de San Antonio), FL-MS

3. Southwest Coronado National Memorial, AZ El Morro National Monument, NM Pecos National Monument, NM Salinas National Monument, NM San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, TX Tumacacori National Monument, AZ

4. Cali fornia

Cabrillo National Monument, CA

5. Pacific

B, French Exploration and Settlement

1. Atlantic Fort Caroline National Memorial, FL Saint Croix Island International Historic Site, ME 2. St. Lawrence and Great Lakes Father Marquette National Memorial, MI (Affiliated Area)

3. Mississippi Valley Arkansas Post National Memorial, AR Chicago Portage National Historic Site, IL (Affiliated Area) Father Marquette National Memorial, MI (Affiliated Area)

4. Gulf Coast Jean Lafitte National Historical Park, LA

II-l C. English Exploration and Settlement

1. Exploration Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve, WA (Affiliated Area) Fort Raleigh National Historic Site, NC

2. Settlement of New England Cape Cod National Seashore, MA Roger Williams National Memorial, RI Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site, MA

3. Settlement of New York and New Jersey

4. Settlement of Pennsylvania and Delaware

5. Settlement of Virginia Colonial National Historical Park (Jamestown), VA Jamestown National Historic Site, VA (Affiliated Area)

6. Settlement of Maryland

D. Other European Exploration and Settlement

1. Scandinavian Christiansted National Historic Site, VI Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church National Historic Site, PA (Affil­ iated Area) Virgin Islands National Park, VI

2. Dutch

3. Russian Sitka National Historical Park, AK Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve, AK

III. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES, 1688-1763

A. Physical Development

1, Growth of Urban Areas and Previous Settlements Colonial National Historical Park (Yorktown), VA

2. Territorial Expansion Fort Frederica National Monument, GA Ninety Six National Historic Site, SC

B. Political and Diplomatic Affairs

1. Intracolonial Matters Adams National Historic Site, MA Boston National Historical Park, MA Saint Paul's Church National Historic Site, NY Benjamin Franklin National Memorial, PA (Affiliated Area)

II-2 2. Relations with Parliament and King Boston National Historical Park, MA Benjamin Franklin National Memorial, PA (Affiliated Area)

C. Military Affairs

1. French Fort Necessity National Battlefield, PA Fort Stanwix National Monument, NY

2. Spanish Arkansas Post National Memorial, AR Castillo de San Marcos National Monument, FL Fort Frederics National Monument, GA Fort Matanzas National Monument, FL

U. Social and Economic Affairs

1. Intellectual and Religious Affairs Touro Synagogue National Historic Site, RI (Affiliated Area)

2. Economic Affairs and Ways of Life

Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site, MA

IV. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

A. Politics and Diplomacy, 1763-1783 Adams National Historic Site, MA Benjamin Franklin National Memorial, PA (Affiliated Area) Boston National Historical Park, MA Independence National Historical Park, PA Red Hill, Patrick Henry National Memorial, VA (Affiliated Area) B. The Declaration of Independence Adams National Historic Site, MA Benjamin Franklin National Memorial, PA (Affiliated Area) Colonial National Historical Park (Nelson House), VA Fire Island National Seashore (William Floyd Estate), NY Independence National Historical Park, PA Thomas Jefferson Memorial, DC Thomas Stone National Historic Site, MD

C. War in the North Boston National Historical Park, MA Fort Stanwix National Monument, NY George Washington Birthplace National Monument, VA Minute Man National Historical Park, MA Morristown National Historical Park, NJ Saratoga National Historical Park, NY Thaddeus Kosciuszko National Memorial, PA Valley Forge National Historical Park, PA Washington Monument, DC

II-3 D. War in the South Colonial National Historical Park (Yorktown), VA Cowpens National Battlefield, SC Fort Sumter National Monument (Fort Moultrie), SC George Washington Birthplace National Monument, VA Guilford Courthouse National Military Park, NC Kings Mountain National Military Park, SC Moores Creek National Battlefield, NC Ninety Six National Historic Site, SC Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, VA, TN, NC (Affil­ iated Area) Thaddeus Kosciuscko National Memorial, PA Washington Monument, DC

E. War on the Frontier George Rogers Clark National Historical Park, IN

F. The Naval War

Salem Maritime National Historic Site, MA

V. POLITICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS, 1783-1860

White House, DC

A. Confederation Period, 1783-1789 George Washington Memorial Parkway (Potomac Canal), VA B. The Constitution Benjamin Franklin National Memorial, PA (Affiliated Area) Independence National Historical Park, PA

C. Early Federal Period, 1789-1800 Adams National Historic Site, MA Federal Hall National Memorial, NY George Washington Birthplace National Monument, VA Hamilton Grange National Memorial, NY Independence National Historical Park, PA Touro Synagogue National Historic Site, RI (Affiliated Area)

D. Jeffersonian Period, 1800-1811 Friendship Hill National Historic Site, PA Thomas Jefferson Memorial, DC

E. War of 1812, 1812-1815 Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine, MD Jean Lafitte National Historical Park (Chalmette), LA Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial, OH

F. Post-War Nationalism, 1816-1828 Adams National Historic Site, MA

G. Jacksonian Democracy, 1828-1844 Martin Van Buren National Historic Site, NY

II-4 H. Manifest Destiny, 1844-1859 Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, WA San Juan Island National Historical Park, WA

I. Mexican War, 1846-1848 Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site, CO Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Site, TX

J. The Rise of Sectionalism, 1840-1859 Fort Scott National Historic Site, KS Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, WV-MD-VA

K. The Army and Navy Boston National Historical Park (Charlestown Navy Yard), MA Castle Clinton National Monument, NY Fort Jefferson National Monument, FL Fort Pulaski National Monument, GA Fort Sumter National Monument (Fort Moultrie), SC Gulf Islands National Seashore (Forts Pickens and Barrancas), FL-MS

VI. THE CIVIL WAR

A. The Nation Divides, 1860-1861 Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial, VA Fort Sumter National Monument, SC Gulf Islands National Seashore (Forts Pickens and Barrancas), FL-MS

B. War in the East Antietam National Battlefield, MD Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, VA Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial, VA Fort Pulaski National Monument, GA Fort Sumter National Monument, SC Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County Battlefields Memorial National Military Park, VA General Grant National Memorial, NY Gettysburg National Military Park, PA Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, WV-MD-VA Manassas National Battlefield Park, VA Monocacy National Battlefield, MD National Capital Parks (Civil War forts), DC-MD Petersburg National Battlefield, VA Richmond National Battlefield Park, VA

C. War in the West Andersonvilie National Historic Site, GA Arkansas Post National Memorial, AR Brices Cross Roads National Battlefield Site, MS Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, GA-TN Fort Donelson National Battlefield, TN General Grant National Memorial, NY Gulf Islands National Seashore (Forts Pickens, Barrancas, and Massachusetts), FL-MS Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park, GA

11-5 Pea Ridge National Military Park, AR Shiloh National Military Park, TN Stones River National Battlefield, TN Tupelo National Battlefield, MS Vicksburg National Military Park, MS Wilson's Creek National Battlefield, MO

D. Naval Action Vicksburg National Military Park (U.S.S. Cairo), MS

E. Political and Diplomatic Scene Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site, KY Adams National Historic Site, MA Lincoln Home National Historic Site, IL Lincoln Memorial, DC White House, DC

VII. POLITICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS, 1865-1939

White House, DC

A. The Reconstruction Era, 1865-1877 Andrew Johnson National Historic Site, TN Ford's Theatre National Historic Site, DC Fort Smith National Historic Site, AR-OK General Grant National Memorial, NY

B. The Republican Era, 1877-1900 Fort Smith National Historic Site, AR-OK Frederick Douglass Home, DC James A. Garfield National Historic Site, OH

C. The Progressive Era, 1901-1914 Sagamore Hill National Historic Site, NY Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site, NY Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site, NY William Howard Taft National Historic Site, OH

D. America Becomes a World Power, 1865-1914

1. Military Affairs (including the Spanish-American War) Fort Jefferson National Monument, FL Fort Sumter National Monument (Fort Moultrie), SC Gulf Islands National Seashore (Fort Pickens), FL-MS Sagamore Hill National Historic Site, NY San Juan National Historic Site, PR Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site, NY Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site, NY

2. Politics and Diplomacy Sagamore Hill National Historic Site, NY Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site, NY Theodore Roosevelt Inaugural National Historic Site, NY

II-6 E. World War I, 1914-1919

Boston National Historical Park (Charlestown Navy Yard), MA

F. Military Affairs Not Related to World War I or World War II, 1914-1941

G. Republican Prosperity, 1920-1929 H. The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1941 Herbert Hoover National Historic Site, IA Home of Franklin D, Roosevelt National Historic Site, NY Roosevelt Campobello International Park, Canada (Affiliated Area)

VIII. WORLD WAR II

A. War in Europe, Africa, and the Atlantic, 1939-1945 Eisenhower National Historic Site, PA

B. War in the Pacific, 1941-1945 American Memorial Park, Saipan (Affiliated Area) USS Arizona Memorial, HI War in the Pacific National Historical Park, Guam

C. Politics and Diplomacy During the War Harry S Truman National Historic Site, MO Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site, NY White House, DC

D. The Home Front

Boston National Historical Park (Charlestown Navy Yard), MA

IX. POLITICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS AFTER 1945

Catoctin Mountain Park (Camp David), MD Chamizal National Memorial, TX Eisenhower National Historic Site, PA Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site, NY Harry S Truman National Historic Site, MO John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site, MA Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park, TX Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac, DC Vietnam Veterans Memorial, DC White House, DC

X. WESTWARD EXPANSION OF THE BRITISH COLONIES AND THE UNITED STATES, 1763-1898

Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, MO

A. British and United States Exploration of the West

1. Early Pathfinders, 1763-1807 Cumberland Gap National Historical Park, KY-TN-VA

II-7 2. Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 Fort Clatsop National Memorial, OR Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site, ND Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, IL-MO-KS-IA-NE-SD-ND- MT-ID-WA-OR (Affiliated Area) Nez Perce National Historical Park, ID

3. Scientific and Topographic Surveys Fort Smith National Historic Site, KS Grand Canyon National Park, AZ

IS. The Fur Trade

1. Old Northwest and Mississippi Valley Fur Frontier, 1763-1815 Grand Portage National Monument, MN Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore (Bailly Homestead), IN Voyageurs National Park, MN

2. Fur Trappers and Mountain Men as Pathfinders

3. John Jacob Astor and the American Fur Company, 1808-1840 Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site, ND-MT

4. Rocky Mountain Rendezvous Era, 1824-1839 (including Rocky Mountain Fur Company, 1322-1834) Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site, CO Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, MT-WY Fort Laramie National Historic Site, WY

5. Southwest Fur Trade Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site, CO Fort Smith National Historic Site, KS

6. Hudson's Bay Company and the Northwest Coast Fur Trade Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, WA McLoughlin House National Historic Site, OR (Affiliated Area)

7. Alaska Fur Trade Sitka National Historical Park, AK Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, AK

C. Military-Aboriginal American Contact and Conflict

1. East of the Mississippi, 1763-1850s Horseshoe Bend National Military Park, AL

2. The Southern Plains Fort Davis National Historic Site, TX Fort Earned National Historic Site, KS Fort Scott National Historic Site, KS Fort Smith National Historic Site, AR-OK

II-8 3. The Northern Plains Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, MT-WY Custer Battlefield National Monument, MT Fort Laramie National Historic Site, WY

4. The Southwest Chiricahua National Monument, AZ Fort Bowie National Historic Site, AZ Fort Union National Monument, NM

5. The Western Mountains Big Hole National Battlefield, MT Nez Perce National Historical Park, ID

6. The Pacific Coast

Lava Beds National Monument, CA

D, Western Trails and Travelers

1. First Westward Trails East of the Mississippi Natchez Trace Parkway, MS-TN-AL 2. Santa Fe Trail Bent's Old Fort National Historic Site, CO Fort Earned National Historic Site, KS Fort Smith National Historic Site, AR-OK Fort Union National Monument, NM

3. Oregon Trail and Settlement of Oregon Chimney Rock National Historic Site, NE (Affiliated Area) Fort Laramie National Historic Site, WY Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, WA McLoughlin House National Historic Site, OR (Affiliated Area) Oregon National Historic Trail, KS-NE-ID-OR-WA (Affiliated Area) Scotts Bluff National Monument, NE Whitman Mission National Historic Site, WA

4. California Trails and Settlement of California Chimney Rock National Historic Site, NE (Affiliated Area) Death Valley National Monument, CA-NV Fort Bowie National Historic Site, AZ Fort Laramie National Historic Site, WY Scotts Bluff National Monument, NE

5. Mormon Migration and Settlement of the Great Basin Chimney Rock National Historic Site, NE (Affiliated Area) Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail, IL-IA-NE-WY-UT (Affil­ iated Area) Pipe Spring National Monument, AZ

E, The Mining Frontier

1. California Gold Rush

II-9 2, Northwest: Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Western Montana

3. Southwest: Arizona and New Mexico

A. Great Basin: Nevada, Utah, and Eastern California Death Valley National Monument, CA-NV

5. Rockies: Colorado and Wyoming

6. Black Hills of South Dakota

7. Alaskan Gold Rushes Iditarod National Historic Trail, AK (Affiliated Area) Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, AK-WA Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, AK

F. The Farmers' Frontier

1. Farming Frontier of the Old Northwest, 1763-1820 Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial, IN

2. Settling and Farming the Eastern Prairies, 1820-1861

3. Later Settlements and Farming in the California Valley, Oregon, and Washington Ebey's Landing National Historical Reserve, WA (Affiliated Area) San Juan Island National Historical Park, WA

4. Settling and Farming in the Great Plains, 1862-1900

Homestead National Monument of America, NE

G. The Cattlemen's Empire

1. Great Trail Drives, 1866-1885

2. The Cow Towns, 1866-1885

3. Ranches Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area (Mason-Lovell Ranch), MT-WY Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site, MT Theodore Roosevelt National Park, ND

XI. AGRICULTURE

A. Era of Adaptation, 1607-1763

B. Plantation Agriculture, 1607-1860

Green Springs Historic District, VA (Affiliated Area)

C. Era of Subsistence Agriculture, 1763-1820

D. The Plantation Breaks Up, Sharecropping, and Tenant Farming, 1860- 11-10 E. Mechanical Agriculture as Business Enterprise Beyond Self-Sufficiency, 1820- Green Springs Historic District, VA (Affiliated Area)

F. Farming on the East Coast for Local Markets (Dairying, Fruits, and Vegetables) Green Springs Historic District, VA (Affiliated Area)

XII. BUSINESS

A. Extractive or Mining Industries

1. Iron and Ferro Alloys

Saugus Iron Works National Historic Site, MA

2. Petroleum and Related Resources

3. Other Metals and Minerals

4. Timber and Lumber

Redwoods National Park, CA

5. Fishing and Livestock

B. Manufacturing Organizations

L. Food, Beverages, and Tobacco

2. Transportation Equipment

3. Machinery and Instruments

4. Fabricated Metal and Glass Products Hopewell Furnace National Historic Site, PA 5. Thread and Needle Industries Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor, MA-RI (Affiliated Area) Lowell National Historical Park, MA

6. Paper, Printing, and Publishing

7. Chemicals and Allied Products

8. Home Furnishings and Furniture

9. Other

C. Constuction and Housing

1. Commercial

2. Private

11-11 3. Public

D. Trade

1. Export-Import

Salem Maritime National Historic Site, MA

2. Wholesale

3. Retail

4. Advertising

5. Commodity Markets

E. Finance and Banking

1. Commercial Banks

2. Savings and Loan Associations

3. Mutual Savings Banks

4. Credit Unions

5. Finance and Personal Loan Companies

6. Credit Companies (Credit Card Industry)

7. Public Regulatory Institutions

8. Stock and Other Market Exchanges

9. General Finance

F. Insurance

1. Fire and Marine

2. Casualty and Surety

3. Life

4. Health

G. Service Industry

1. Food

2. Hostelry

11-12 H. Power and Lighting

1. Electric

Edison National Historic Site, NJ

2. Gas

3. Nuclear

4. Water

I. Accounting J. Defense Boston National Historical Park (Charlestown Navy Yard), MA Springfield Armory National Historic Site, MA

K. Business Organizations

L. Shipping and Transportation

Golden Gate National Recreation Area (National Maritime Museum), CA

M, Supporting Institutions

XIII. SCIENCE A. Physical Science

1. Astronomy

2. Physics Benjamin Franklin National Memorial, PA (Affiliated Area) Edison National Historic Site, NJ

3. Chemistry

Edison National Historic Site, NJ

B. Earth Science

1. Physical Geography

2. Geology

3. Hydrology

4. Meteorology

C. Biological Sciences

1. Botany

2. Zoology

11-13 3. Paleontology Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, NE Dinosaur National Monument, CO-UT John Day Fossil Beds National Monument, OR

4. Psychology

D. Social Sciences

1. Anthropology Chaco Culture National Historical Park, NM Mesa Verde National Park, CO Ocmulgee National Monument, GA

2. Economics

3. Political Sciences

4. Sociology

E. Mathematics

F. Medicine

1. Clinical Specialties

2. Non-Clinical Specialties

3. Affiliated Disciplines

G. Scientific Institutions

XIV. TRANSPORTATION

A. Early Turnpikes, Roads, and Taverns East of the Mississippi

B. Ships, Boats, Lighthouses, and Other Structures Cape Hatteras National Seashore (Cape Hatteras Light), NC Gateway National Recreation Area (Sandy Hook Lighthouse), NJ-NY Golden Gate National Recreation Area (National Maritime Museum), CA

C. Canals Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, MD-DC-WV Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area (Ohio & Erie Canal), OH George Washington Memorial Parkway (Potomac Canal Historic District), MD-VA

D. Overland Travel West of the Mississippi After 1840 (i.e. Stagecoaches)

E. Railroads Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, PA Golden Spike National Historic Site, UT Steamtown National Historic Site, PA (Affiliated Area)

11-14 F. Urban Transport (Trolleys, Streetcars, and Subways)

G. Automobiles, Buses, Wagons and Highways

H. Airplanes and Air Travel

XV. COMMUNICATION

A. Written Word (Newspapers and Periodicals)

B. Mail Service (Overland, Water, and Air Routes) Fort Bowie National Historic Site, AZ Fort Laramie National Historic Site, WY

C. Telegraph and Telephone

D. Radio

Cape Cod National Seashore (Marconi's Wireless Station), MA

E. Television

F. Post World War II Electronic

G. Spoken Word (Oratory and Public Speaking) Gettysburg National Military Park, PA Red Hill, Patrick Henry National Memorial, VA XVI. ARCHITECTURE (Approximate Dates)

A. Colonial (1600-1730) Boston National Historical Park, MA Christiansted National Historic Site, VI Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church National Historic Site, PA (Affi­ liated Area) Mesa Verde National Park, CO Morristown National Historical Park (Wick House), NJ Saint Paul's Church National Historic Site, NY San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, TX

B. Georgian (1730-1780) Boston National Historical Park, MA Colonial National Historical Park, VA Hampton National Historic Site, MD Independence National Historical Park (Deshler-Morris House and Independence Hall), PA Longfellow National Historic Site, MA Morristown National Historical Park (Ford House), NJ Salem Maritime National Historic Site, MA Touro Synagogue National Historic Site, RI (Affiliated Area)

11-15 C. Federal (1780-1820) Boston National Historical Park, MA Independence National Historical Park (Carpenter's Hall), PA Martin Van Buren National Historic Site, NY Salem Maritime National Historic Site, MA White House, DC

D. Greek Revival (1820-1840) Adams National Historic Site (United First Parish Church), MA Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial, VA Federal Hall National Memorial, NY Independence National Historical Park (Second Bank of the U.S.), PA

E. Gothic Revival (1830-1840)

1. Early Gothic Revival

Martin Van Buren National Historic Site, NY

2. High Victorian Gothic

3. Late Gothic Revival

F. Romanesque Revival (1840-1900)

1. Victorian Romanesque

Old Post Office Tower, DC (Affiliated Area)

2, Richardsonian

G. Renaissance Revival (1830-1920)

1. Italian Villa

2. American Bracketed Villa

3. Cast Iron: Gothic, Romanesque, Renaissance

H. Exotic Revivals (1830-1860)

1. Octagons

2. Egyptian

3. Moorish

I. Second Empire (1850-1890)

J. Stick Style (1860-1890)

K. Queen Anne-Eastlake (1880-1900) Edison National Historic Site (Glenmont), NJ Sagamore Hill National Historic Site, NY L. Shingle Style (1880-1900) 11-16 M. Period Revivals (1870-1940)

1. Georgian (1870-1920)

Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site, NY

2. Spanish (Mission) (1890-1940)

3. Tudor (1890-1940)

4. Jacobean (1890-1915)

5. Neo-Classical (1890-1915) Lincoln Memorial, DC Thomas Jefferson Memorial, DC Washington Monument, DC 6. Beaux Arts (1890-1915)

Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site, NY

7. Renaissance (1890-1915)

N. Commercial (1890-1915)

0. Sullivanesque (1890-1915)

P. Prairie (1890-1915)

Q. Bungalow (1890-1940)

R. Craftsman (1890-1915)

S. Wrightian (1887-present)

T. Moderne-Art Deco (1920-1945)

U. International (1915-1945)

V, Historic District (multiple styles and dates)

W, Regional and Urban Planning

1. Urban Areas Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Site, DC (Affiliated Area) 2. Suburban Areas

3. Parks National Capital Parks, DC-MD National Mall, DC

4. Cemeteries Gettysburg National Military Park, PA Vicksburg National Military Park, MS

11-17 5. Regional Planning

X. Vernacular Architecture McLoughlin House National Historic Site, OR (Affiliated Area)

Y. Rustic Architecture

XVII. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

Frederick Lavz Olmsted National Historic Site, MA Green Springs Historic District, VA (Affiliated Area) National Capital Parks, DC-MD

XVIII. TECHNOLOGY (ENGINEERING AND INVENTION)

A. Measurement, Observation, and Control (Surveying, Cartography, etc.)

B. Transportation Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site, PA Upper Delaware Scenic and Recreational River (Delaware Aqueduct), NY-PA Wright Brothers National Memorial, NC

C. Energy Conversion, Utilization and Distribution Edison National Historic Site, NJ

D. Tools and Machines

E. Military (Fortifications, Weapons, and War Vehicles) Castillo de San Marcos National Monument, FL Castle Clinton National Monument, NY Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine, MD Fort Jefferson National Monument, FL Fort Point National Historic Site, CA Fort Pulaski National Monument, GA Fort Sumter National Monument (Fort Moultrie), SC Fort Washington Park, MD Gateway National Recreation Area (Fort Hancock Historic District), NJ-NY Golden Gate National Recreation Area, CA Gulf Islands National Seashore (Fort Massachusetts, Fort Pickens and Fort Barrancas Redoubt), FL-MS Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, WV-MD-VA San Juan National Historic Site, PR Springfield Armory National Historic Site, MA

F. Extraction and Conversion of Industrial Raw Materials

G. Industrial Production Processes (Including Agriculture) Edison National Historic Site, NJ Lowell National Historical Park, MA

H. Construction

11-18 I. Information Processing, Transmission, and Recording Edison National Historic Site, NJ

J. Earth and Space Exploration

K. Water and Sewerage

San Antonio Missions National Historical Park (Espada Aqueduct), TX

L. Fire, Safety, Sanitation, and Pollution Controls

XIX. LITERATURE A. Poetry Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site, NC Edgar Allen Poe National Historic Site, PA Longfellow National Historic Site, MA

B. Fiction

1. Novel Minute Man National Historical Park (The Wayside), MA

2. Short Story Edgar Allen Poe National Historic Site, PA

C. Non-Fiction Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site, NC John Muir National Historic Site, CA

D. Journalism: Opinion and Criticism

E. Newswriting and Reporting

F. Supporting Institutions

XX. THEATER

A. Playwriting

Eugene O'Neill National Historic Site, CA

B. Performance

C. Directing

D. Staging

E. Producing

F. Theater Buildings Ford's Theatre National Historic Site, DC G. Studios

11-19 H. Supporting Institutions

I. Theater for Radio and Television

J. Vaudeville and Burlesque

XXI. MOTION PICTURES

A. Cinematography

B. Editing

C. Sound Track

D. Acting

E. Design

F. Directing

G. Animation

H. Producing (Studios, Sets , Locations) Edison National Historic Site, NJ

I. Film Product (Documentary, Western, Gangster, Epic, etc) Edison National Historic Site, NJ

J. Supporting Institutions ("Oscars", etc.)

K. Movie Houses

XXII. MUSIC

A. Classical

B. Folk

Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site, NC

C. Jazz

D. Popular

E. Musical Theater

F. Opera

G. Literature of Music

H. Music Publishing

I. Instruments (Use and Development)

J. Forums (Halls and Audi toriurns)

11-20 K. Performers (Soloists and Ensembles)

L. Supporting Institutions

M. Musical Education and Training

N. Music for Radio and Television

0. Recording

Edison National Historic Site, NJ

P. Composing

XXIII. DANCE

A. Ballet

B. Modern Dance

C. Folk Dance

D. Popular Dance

E. Dancers (Soloists, Ensembles, Companies, and Troupes)

F. Choreograpby

G. Theatrics (Design, Lighting, etc.)

H. Forums

1. Supporting Institutions

XXIV. PAINTING AND SCULPTURE

A. Early American Provincial Painting, 1676-1726

B. Baroque in America, 1720-1776

C. Neoclassicism, 1780-1820 National Capital Parks, DC-MD D. Romanticism National Capital Parks, DC-MD

E. European Influences, 1876-1920

1. American Impressionism, 1876-1920 National Capital Parks, DC-MD

F. Realism, 1850-1926 Gettysburg National Military Park, PA Lincoln Memorial, DC Mount Rushmore National Memorial, SD

11-21 National Capital Parks, DC-MD Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site, NH Statue of Liberty National Monument, NY-NJ Vicksburg National Military Park, MS

G. Historical Painting and Sculpture: Memory and Dreams, 1876-1908 National Capital Parks, DC-MD

H. The 20th Century, 1900-1930

National Capital Parks, DC-MD

1. The Eight, the Armory Show, the New Realism, 1900-1926

2. Art Colonies, 1915-1930

3. Regionalism, 1915-1935

I. The Second Generation, 1920-

National Capital Parks, DC-MD

1. WPA, 1933-1935

2. Refugees from Europe, 1930s

J. World War II to the Present, 1939- National Capital Parks, DC-MD

K, Supporting Institutions

XXV. PRINTS AND PHOTOGRAPHY

XXVI. DECORATIVE AND FOLK ART

XXVII. EDUCATION

A. Pre-School Education

1. Early Education, Its Conceptual Development

2. Objectives and Methods

B. Elementary, Intermediate, and Secondary Education

1. Development of the System

2. Variant Patterns in the System

3. Effects of Technology

4. Population Change

11-22 5. Development of Equal Educational Opportunity

6. Objectives, Curricula, Methodology, and Administration

C. Higher Education (Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools)

1. Primary Models

2. Objectives, Curricula, Admission Policies, Teaching Methods,

Examinations

3. Social and Administrative Patterns

4. Research, Graduate, Post-Graduate Studies, and Professional

Studies

D. Specialized Education

1. Conceptional Development

2. Patterns of Organization

3. Gifted

4. Mentally Handicapped

5. Physically Handicapped

6. Socially and Emotionally Disturbed

E. Adult Education

1. Conceptional Development

2. Institutional Patterns

F. Vocational Training

1. Conceptional Development

Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site, AL

2. Apprenticeships and Employee Training

G. Adjunct Educational Institutions

1. Museums, Archives, and Botanical Gardens

2. Libraries

3. Zoos

4. Other Specialized Institution11-23 s H. Special Populations

1. Aboriginal Populations Whitman Mission National Historic Site, WA

2. Ethnic Populations Booker T. Washington National Monument, VA George Washington Carver National Monument, MO Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site, AL

3. Women's Education

4. The Military

XXVIII, THE LAW

A. The Development of Principles in the Legal Specialties

B. The Court System

C. Law Schools, Offices, Journals, etc

D. Scholars, Judges, and Lawyers

XXIX. INTELLECTUAL CURRENTS

A. Philosophical Schools of Thought

B. Philosphers and Thinkers Benjamin Franklin National Memorial, PA (Affiliated Area) Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (Peirce House), NJ-PA

C. Ideologies and Interpretation of the Branches of Knowledge (History, Philosophy of History, Political Philosophy, etc.) Adams National Historic Site, MA Benjamin Franklin National Memorial, PA (Affiliated Area) Independence National Historical Park, PA

D. Fields of Philosophy (Aesthetics, Moral Philosophy, etc.)

XXX. AMERICAN WAYS OF LIFE

A. Slavery and Plantation Life Booker T. Washington National Monument, VA Colonial National Historical Park (Jamestown), VA George Washington Carver National Monument, MO

B. Farming Communities Green Springs Historic District, VA (Affiliated Area)

C. Industrial Towns Lowell National Historical Park, MA

11-24 D. Urban Life

E. Ethnic Communities (including Immigration) Boston African American National Historic Site, MA (Affiliated Area) Castle Clinton National Monument, NY Lowell National Historical Park, MA Maggie L. Walker National Historic Site, VA Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site, GA Statue of Liberty National Monument (Ellis Island), NY-NJ Touro Synagogue National Historic Site, RI (Affiliated Area) Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site, AL

F. Industrial Wealth of the Last Half of 19th Century Cumberland Island National Seashore, GA Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site, NY

G. Consumer Society of the 20th Century

H. Suburban Life

I. Domesticity and Family Life

J. Occupational and Economic Classes Green Springs Historic District, VA (Affiliated Area) Lowell National Historical Park, MA

XXXI. SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN MOVEMENTS

A. Communitarianism and Utopianism

B. Temperance and Prohibition

C. Women's Rights Sewall-Belmont House National Historic Site, DC (Affiliated Area) Women's Rights National Historical Park, NY

D. Abolitionism Boston African American National Historic Site, MA (Affiliated Area) Frederick Douglass Home, DC Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, MD-WV

E. Peace Movements

F. Aiding the Handicapped and Mental Health Care

G. Prison Reform

Golden Gate National Recreation Area (Alcatraz Island), CA

H. Labor Organizations

I. Farmers' Organizations

11-25 J, Poverty Relief and Urban Social Reform Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site, NY Herbert Hoover National Historic Site, IA

K. Emergency Aid and Health Care Clara Barton National Historic Site, MD Johnstown Flood National Memorial, PA Kalaupapa National Historical Park, HI

L. General Philanthropy

M, Civil Rights Movements Frederick Douglass Home, DC Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site, GA Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic Site, DC

N. General and Radical Reform

XXXII. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

A. Origin and Development of the Conservation Idea to 1870

Hot Springs National Park, AR

B. Formation of the Conservation Movement, 1870-1908

Theodore Roosevelt Island, DC

1. Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation Preservation

2. Origins of the National Parks Movement

Yellowstone National Park, WY-MT-ID

3. Game Protection

4. The Forest Service and Forest Preservation

5. Origins of Watershed and Water Conservation

6. Water Purification and Sewage Treatment

7. Scenic Preservation

John Muir National Historic Site, CA

C. The Conservation Movement Matures, 1908-1941

1. Emergence of Federal Conservation Legislation

2. Birth of Wildlife Management

3. Fish and Wildlife Refuge System

4. Forest System Expands

5. Soil Conservation Movement

11-26 6. Origin and Development of the National Park Service

Acadia National Park, ME

7. Range and Forage Protection

8. Wilderness System

9. Public Health Through Pollution Control

10, The Great Depression and Conservation Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area, OH XXXIII. HISTORIC PRESERVATION

A. Formative Years, 1796-1858: The Destruction of Green Springs to the Saving of Mount Vernon and the Hasbrouck House, Patriotism and Preservation Independence National Historical Park, PA

B. Regional Efforts: The South, 1860-1900

1. The South Looks to Government for Help

2. The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities

Jamestown National Historic Site, VA (Affiliated Area)

C. Regional Efforts: Mid-Atlantic States, 1860-1900

1. Memorials to the Revolution

2. American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society — A Pattern

for Private Action

D. Regional Efforts: New England, 1860-1900

1. Regionalism and Preservation

2. Private Historical Societies

3. Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities

E. Monticello: The Emergence of Architectural Interest in Preservation, 1900-1926 — Antiquaries, Architects, and Museums F. Emergence of the Automobile and the Restoration of Williamsburg,

1919-1926

G. The Federal Government Enters the Movement, 1884-1949

1. Battlefield Preservation Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, GA-TN 2. Archeological Preservation Casa Grande National Monument, AZ 11-27 3. The National Park Service and the New Deal

4. The National Trust

5. Growth in Professionalism and Technology

XXXIV. RECREATION

A. Sports

1. Olympics

2. Baseball

3. Football

4. Basketball

5. Tennis

6. Cricket

7. Squash

8. Rowi ng

B. Spectator Pastimes

1. Amusement Parks

2. Roller Coasters

3. Carousels

4. Circuses

5. Zoos, Aquariums, and Planetariums

6. Worlds Fairs

7. Racing

8. Festivals

9. Rodeos

C. General Recreation

1. Resort Hotels and Spas

2. Resort Communities

3. Other

11-28 I.I i

THEMATIC REPRESENTATION: NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS

I. CULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS: INDIGENOUS AMERICAN POPULATIONS

II. EUROPEAN COLONIAL EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT

A, Spanish Exploration and Settlement

1. Caribbean Columbus Landing Site, V.I. La Fortaleza, P.R.

2. Southeast Apalachicola Fort Site, AL Cabildo, LA Fort San Carlos de Barrancas (Batteria San Antonio), FL Fort San Marcos de Apalache, FL Los Adaes, LA Saint Augustine Town Plan, FL St. Catherine's Island, GA San Luis de Apalache, FL

3. Southwest Hawikuh, NM Palace of the Governors, NM Pecos Pueblo, NM Presidio Nuestra Senora de Loreto de la Bahia, TX San Gabriel de Yunque-Ouinge, NM San Xavier del Bac Mission, AZ Spanish Governor's Palace, TX Taos Pueblo, NM Zuni-Cibola Complex, NM

4. California Carmel Mission, CA La Purisima Mission, CA Presidio of San Francisco, CA Royal Presidio Chapel, CA San Diego Presidio, CA San Francisco Bay Discovery Site, CA Santa Barbara Mission, CA

5. Pacific

B. French Exploration and Settlement

1. Atlantic

2. St. Lawrence and Great Lakes Fort Michilimackinac, MI Fort St. Frederic, NY Mackinac Island, MI

III-l Old Fort Niagara, NY St. Ignace Mission, MI

3. Mississippi Valley Arkansas Post, AR Fort De Chartres, IL Fort De la Boulaye, LA Sainte Genevieve Historic District, MO Starved Rock, IL Ursuline Convent, LA Vieux Carre Historic District, LA

4. Gulf Coast Fort Toulouse Site, AL Vieux Carre Historic District, LA

C. English Exploration and Settlement

1. Exploration Chinook Point, WA Cook Landing Site, HI

2. Settlement of New England Boardman House, MA Capen (Parson) House, MA Cole's Hill, MA Fairbanks House, MA Mclntire Garrison House, ME Newport Historic District, RI Old Ship Meeting House, MA Stanley-Whitman House, CT Peter Tufts House, MA John Ward House, MA Whipple House, MA

3. Settlement of New York and New Jersey Old Fort Niagara, NY Old House, NY

4. Settlement of Pennsylvania and Delaware New Castle Historic District, DE

5. Settlement of Virginia Bacon's Castle, VA St. Luke's Church, VA Shirley, VA Adam Thoroughgood House, VA

6. Settlement of Maryland

St. Mary's City Historic District, MD

7. Settlement of the Carolinas

8. Settlement of Georgia

III-2 D, Other European Exploration and Settlement

1. Scandinavian Fort Christian, VI Fort Christina, DE Holy Trinity (Old Swedes) Church, DE New Castle Historic District, DE Printzhof, PA

2. Dutch Dutch Reformed Church, NY Fort Crailo, NY Hurley Historic District, NY New Castle Historic District, DE Philipsburg Manor, NY Philipse Manor Hall, NY Printzhof, PA Van Cortlandt Manor, NY Voorlezers House, NY Wyckoff House, NY

3. Russian Bering Expedition Landing Site, AK Church of the Holy Ascension, AK Erskine House, AK Fort Ross, CA New Russia Site, AK Old Sitka Site, AK Russian Fort, HI Russian Mission Orphanage (Russian Bishop's House), AK St. Michael's Cathedral, AK Sitka Spruce Plantation, AK Three Saints Bay Site, AK

III. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH COLONIES, 1688-1763

A. Physical Development

1. Growth of Urban Areas and Previous Settlements Charleston Historic District, SC Colonial Annapolis Historic District, MD Elfreth's Alley Historic District, PA Greenway Court, VA New Castle Historic District, DE Newport Historic District, RI Savannah Historic District, GA

2. Territorial Expansion Bushy Run Battlefield, PA Forks of the Ohio, PA Fort Western, ME Johnson Hall, NY Mount Vernon, VA Old Deerfield Village, MA Westover, VA III-3 B. Political and Diplomatic Affairs

1. Intracolonial Matters Colonial Annapolis Historic District, MD Faneuil Hall, MA Governor Stephen Hopkins House, RI Johnson Hall, NY Governor William Livingston House, NJ James Logan Home, PA Mount Airy, VA New Castle Historic District, DE Old Courthouse, DE Old Statehouse, MA Old Statehouse, RI Isaac Royall House, MA Shirley-Eustis House, MA Stono River Slave Rebellion Site, SC Stratford Hall, VA Conrad Weiser Home, PA Westover, VA Williamsburg Historic District, VA

2. Relations with Parliament and King John Dickinson House, DE Drayton Hall, SC Faneuil Hall, MA Stratford Hall, VA Wentworth-Coolidge Mansion, NH Williamsburg Historic District, VA

C. Military Affairs

1. French Forks of the Ohio, PA Fort Crown Point, NY Fort Frederick, MD Fort Halifax, ME Fort Loudoun, TN Fort Ticonderoga, NY Johnson Hall, NY Mackinac Island, MI Mount Vernon, VA Old Deerfield Village, MA Old Fort Niagara, NY Shirley-Eustis House, MA

2. Spanish

D. Social and Economic Affairs

1. Intellectual and Religious Affairs Governor Stephen Hopkins House, RI Kings Chapel, MA

III-4 Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University, MA Mission House, MA Nassau Hall, Princeton University, NJ Newport Historic District, RI Old Quaker Meeting House, NY Old Salem Historic District, NC Old Ship Church, MA Old South Meeting House, MA Redwood Library, RI St. Michael's Episcopal Church, SC St. Paul's Chapel, NY Stratford Hall, VA Westover, VA Williamsburg Historic District, VA Wren Building, VA

2. Economic Affairs and Ways of Life Fort Western, ME Greenway Court, VA Gunston Hall, VA MacPhaedris-Warner House, NH Mount Airy, VA Mount Pleasant, PA Mount Vernon, VA New Castle Historic District, DE New Market, PA Newport Historic District, VA Old Salem Historic District, NC Old York Gaol, ME Philipse Manor Hall, NY Ringwood Manor, NJ Rising Sun Tavern, VA Shirley, VA Stiegel-Coleman House, PA Stono River Slave Rebellion Site, SC Stratford Hall, VA George Tate House, ME Westover, VA Whitehall, MD Williamsburg Historic District, VA

V. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

A. Politics and Diplomacy, 1763-1783 Josiah Bartlett House, NH Boxwood Hall, NJ Clermont (Robert R. Livingston Home), NY College Hill, GA Conference House, NY Silas Deane House, CT John Dickinson Mansion, DE Gunston Hall, VA Governor Stephen Hopkins House, RI

III-5 John Jay House, NY Jeremiah Lee Mansion, MA Governor William Livingston House, NJ Maryland State House, MD Menokin, VA Monticello, VA Nash-Hooper House, NC Old Courthouse, DE Old Statehouse, MA Thomas Paine Cottage, NY President's House, NJ Peyton Randolph House, VA St. John's Episcopal Church, VA Schuyler Mansion, NY Scotchtown, Patrick Henry Home, VA Peggy Stewart House, MD Stratford Hall, VA John Trumbull Birthplace, CT Washington's Headquarters, NY Williamsburg Historic District, VA Wright's Tavern, MA

B. The Declaration of Independence Berkeley, VA Doughoregan Manor, MD Elsing Green, VA General William Floyd House, NY Habre-de-Venture, MD Hancock-Clarke House, MA Governor Stephen Hopkins House, RI Francis Hopkinson House, NJ Hopsewee, SC Samuel Huntington Birthplace, CT Maybury Hill, NJ Menokin, VA Middleton Place, SC Monticello, VA Morven, NY William Paca House, MD Thomas Paine Cottage, NY President's House, NJ Edward Rut ledge House, SC Stonum, DE Stratford Hall, VA Summerseat, PA George Taylor House, PA Matthew Thornton House, NH Tuckahoe Plantation House, VA George Walton House, GA William Williams House, CT Williamsburg Historic District, VA Oliver Wolcott House, CT Wythe House, VA

III-6 C. War in the North Bennington Battlefield, NY Brandywine Battlefield, PA Buckman Tavern, MA Bunker Hill Monument, MA Chew House, PA DeWint House, NY Fort Mifflin, PA Fort Montgomery, NY Fort Ticonderoga, NY General John Glover House, MA General Nathaniel Greene Homestead, RI Knox Headquarters, NY Lexington Green, MA General Benjamin Lincoln House, MA Monmouth Battlefield, NJ Morris-Jumel Mansion, NY Mount Independence, VT Mount Pleasant, PA Mount Vernon, VA Nassau Hall, Princeton University, NJ Newtown Battlefield, NY Old Barracks, NY Old Fort Niagara, NY Old New-Gate Prison, CT Oriskany Battlefield, NY Philadelphia (Gundelo), DC Princeton Battlefield, NY General Rufus Putnam House, MA Red Bank Battlefield, NJ Paul Revere House, MA Schuyler Mansion, NY Site of the Battle of Rhode Island, RI Stony Point Battlefield, NY General John Sullivan House, NH Traveller's Rest, WV Valcour Bay, NY Valley Forge, PA General Frederick Von Steuben's Headquarters, PA Washington's Crossing, NJ Washington's Crossing, PA Washington's Headquarters, NY Washington's Headquarters (Isaac Potts House), PA Waynesborough, PA Wright Tavern, MA

D. War in the South Camden Battlefield, SC General Nathaniel Greene Homestead, RI General Benjamin Lincoln House, MA Mount Vernon, VA Ninety Six and Star Fort, SC Saratoga (General Daniel Morgan House), VA

III-7 Snow's Island, SC Sycamore Shoals, TN Traveler's Rest, WV General Frederick Von Steuben's Headquarters, PA Webb House, CT

E. War on the Frontier Fort Johnson, NY Fort Klock, NY Fort Stanwix, NY Locust Grove, KY General Frederick Von Steuben's Headquarters, PA

F. The Naval War John Paul Jones House, NH Philadelphia (Gundelo), DC Webb House, CT

V. POLITICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS, 1783-1860

A. Confederation Period, 1783-1789 Beginning Point of First Public Land Survey, OH-PA Gunston Hall, VA Hamilton Grange, NY Mackinac Island, MI Maryland State House, MD Monticello, VA Mount Vernon, VA Nassau Hall, Princeton University, NJ Old Fort Niagara, NY Potomac Canal Historic District, VA Snee Farm, SC Springfield Armory, MA Williamsburg Historic District, VA

B. The Constitution William Blount Mansion, TN Jacob Broom House, DE John Dickinson Mansion, DE Elmwood, MA Gunston Hall, VA John Jay House, NY King Manor, NY Ladd-Gilman House, NH Governor John Langdon Mansion, NH Governor William Livingston House, NJ Lombardy Hall, DE Maryland State House, MD Montpelier, VA Mount Vernon, VA Old Courthouse, DE Potomac Canal Historic District, VA Governor John Rut ledge House, SC

III-8 Snee Farm, SC Stonum, DE Summerseat, PA Williamsburg Historic District, VA

C. Early Federal Period, 1789-1800 John Adams Birthplace, MA John Quincy Adams Birthplace, MA William Blount Mansion, TN David Bradford House, PA Espy House (General Arthur St. Clair Office), PA Exchange & Provost, SC Hamilton Grange, NY Holland Land Office, NY John Jay House, NY Governor John Langdon Mansion, NH General Benjamin Lincoln House, MA Mackinac Island, MI Monticello, VA Montpelier, VA Mount Vernon, VA Old Fort Niagara, NY Tudor Place, DC U.S.S. Constellation, MD U.S.S. Constitution, MA Woodville (John Neville House), PA

D. Jeffersonian Period, 1800-1811 Henry Clay Home (Ashland), KY Decatur House, DC Gallatin House (Friendship Hill), PA Grouse land, IN Hamilton Grange, NY Holland Land Office, NY Jackson Square, LA Mackinac Island, MI John Marshall House, VA James Monroe Law Office, VA Monticello, VA Montpelier, VA Old Statehouse, CT Tippecanoe Battlefield, IN U.S.S. Constellation, MD U.S.S. Constitution, MA Vieux Carre Historic District, LA

E. War of 1812, 1812-1815 Henry Clay Home (Ashland), KY Decatur House, DC Fort Hill (John C. Calhoun Home), SC Fort Meigs, OH Grouseland, IN Hermitage, TN Mackinac Island, MI

III-9 Montpelier, VA Octagon House, DC Old Fort Niagara, NY Plattsburgh Bay, NY John Ross House, GA Wlnfield Scott House, NY Star Spangled Banner Flag House, MD Tippecanoe Battlefield, IN U.S.S. Constellation, MD U.S.S. Constitution, MA Vieux Carre Historic District, LA

F. Post-War Nationalism, 1816-1828 John Adams Birthplace, MA John Quincy Adams Birthplace, IDA American Legation, Morocco British Fort, FL Henry Clay Home (Ashland), KY Fort Hill (John C. Calhoun Home), SC Hermitage, TN John Marshall House, VA James Monroe Law Office, VA Montpelier, VA Oak Hill, VA Plaza Ferdinand VII, FL Joseph Story House, MA United States Mint, CA Daniel Webster Home, NH Daniel Webster Law Office and Library, MA

G. Jacksonian Democracy, 1828-1844 Andalusia (Nicholas Blddle's Estate), PA Berkeley, VA Blair House, DC Calhoun Mine, GA Henry Clay Home (Ashland), KY Dade Battlefield, FL Fort Hill (John C. Calhoun Home), SC Fort Kent, ME Grouse land, IN Hermitage, TN Lindenwald (Martin Van Buren Home), NY Murrell House, OK New Echota, GA Okeechobee Battlefield, FL John Ross House, GA Joseph Story House, MA John Tyler Home (Sherwood Forest), VA Daniel Webster Home, NH Daniel Webster Law Office and Library, MA

H. Manifest Destiny, 1844-1858 American and English Camps (San Juan Island), WA Ashburton House, DC

111-10 Blair House, DC Henry Clay Home (Ashland), KY Caleb Cushing House, MA Fort Hill (John C. Calhoun Home), SC Mesilla Plaza, NM New Echota, GA Old Custom House, CA James K. Polk Home, TN San Jacinto Battlefield, TX Sonoma Plaza Historic District, CA Zachary Taylor House, KY Temple Square, UT Daniel Webster Home, NH Daniel Webster Law Office and Library, MA Woodland, TX Brighatn Young House (Lion House), UT

I, Mexican War (1846-1848) and Its Precursors Alamo, TX Fort Brown, TX Old Custom House, CA Palo Alto Battlefield, TX James K. Polk Home, TN Quarters A (U.S. Naval Facility), NY Resaca de la Palma Battlefield, TX San Jacinto Battlefield, TX Winfield Scott House, NY Sonoma Plaza Historic District, CA Zachary Taylor House, KY Daniel Webster Home, NH Daniel Webster Law Office and Library, MA Woodland, TX

J. The Rise of Sectionalism, 1840-1859 Beauvoir (Jefferson Davis Shrine), MS Blair House, DC James Buchanan Home (Wheatland), PA Henry Clay Home (Ashland), KY Cooper Union, NY Millard Fillmore House, NY First Church of Christ, Congregation, CT Fort Hill (John C. Calhoun Home), SC Fort Scott, KS Joshua Reed Giddings Law Office, OH Hinton Rowan Helper House, NC Kennedy Farm (John Brown Headquarters), MD John Mercer Langston House, OH Lecompton Constitution Hall, KS Liberty Hall, GA Abraham Lincoln's Home, IL Little White Schoolhouse, WI Marais des Cygnes Massacre Site, KS

III-ll Marlbourne (Edmund Ruffin Plantation), VA Musical Fund Society Hall, PA Old Main, Knox College, IL Old State Capitol, IL Franklin Pierce Homestead, NH Plymouth Church of the Pilgrims, NY Robert Barnwell Rhett House, SC Winfield Scott House, NY William Seward House, NY Harriet Beecher Stowe House, ME Charles Sumner House, MA Zachary Taylor House, KY Robert Toombs House, GA Daniel Webster Home, NH Daniel Webster Law Office and Library, MA Woodland, TX

K. The Army and Navy Boston Naval Shipyard, MA Decatur House, DC Drydock Number One, VA Fort Jessup, LA The Presidio of San Francisco, CA Quarters A, United States Naval Facility, NY Winfield Scott House, NY Springfield Armory, MA United States Marine Corps Barracks and Commandant's Headquarters, DC United States Military Academy, NY United States Naval Academy, MD U.S.S. Constellation, MD U.S.S. Constitution, MA United States Soldiers Home, DC Virginia Military Institute Historic District, VA Washington Aqueduct, DC Watervliet Arsenal, NY

VI. THE CIVIL WAR

A. The Nation Divides, 1860-1861 Confederate Capitol, AL First Baptist Church, SC Hibernian Hall, SC Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar House, MS Stratford Hall, VA Charles Sumner House, MA

B. War in the East Balls Bluff Battlefield and National Cemetary, VA Cedar Creek Battlefield and Belle Grove, VA Five Forks Battlefield, VA Fort Monroe, VA U.S. Grant Boyhood Home, OH Ulysses S. Grant Home, IL Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters, VA

111-12 Monocacy Battlefield, MD Sayler's Creek Battlefield, VA Springfield Armory, HA Stratford Hall, VA Tredegar Iron Works, VA General Lew Wallace Study, IN White Haven, MO

C. War in the West Champion Hill Battlefield, MS Franklin Battlefield, TN Fort Pillow, TN Glorieta Pass Battlefield, NM U.S. Grant Boyhood Home, OH Ulysses S. Grant Home, IL Pemberton's Headquarters, MS Perryville Battlefield, KY Port Hudson, LA Springfield Armory, MA Tredegar Iron Works, VA Vieux Carre Historic District, LA Warren County Courthouse, MS White Haven, MO

D. Naval Action Fort Fisher, NC Fort Jackson, LA Fort Monroe, VA Fort Morgan, AL Tredegar Iron Works, VA U.S.S Monitor, NC

E. Political and Diplomatic Scene Balls Bluff Battlefield and National Cemetery, VA Beauvoir (Jefferson Davis Shrine), MS Simon Cameron House, PA Salmon Portland Chase Birthplace and Boyhood Home, NH Confederate Capitol, AL Confederate Capitol, VA Jay Cooke Home, OH Fort Warren, MA Liberty Hall, GA Abraham Lincoln's Home, IL Abraham Lincoln's Tomb, IL William H. Seward House, NY Charles Sumner House, MA White House of the Confederacy, VA

VII. POLITICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS, 1865-1939

A. The Reconstruction Era, 1865-1877 Blanche K. Bruce House, DC Simon Cameron House, PA

111-13 Salmon Portland Chase Birthplace and Boyhood Home, NH City Hall (District Courthouse), DC Roscoe Conkling House, NY Jay Cooke Home, OH David Davis House, IL Hamilton Fish House, NY James A, Garfield Home, OH Jay Gould Estate (Lyndhurst), NY U.S. Grant Boyhood Home, OH Ulysses S. Grant Home, IL Historic Augusta Canal and Industrial District, GA Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar House, MS Lee Chapel, VA Liberty Hall, GA Justin S. Morrill Homestead, VT Thomas Nast Home (Villa Fontana), NJ Joseph H. Rainey House, SC John Sherman Birthplace, OH Robert Smalls House, SC South Carolina Statehouse, SC Spiegel Grove (Rutherford B. Hayes Home), OH Charles Sumner House, MA Samuel J. Tilden House, NY Lyman Trumbull House, IL United States Capitol, DC White Haven, MO

B. The Republican Era, 1877-1900 Nelson W. Aldrich House, RI Chester A. Arthur Home, NY James G. Blaine Home, ME Blanche K. Bruce House, DC William Jennings Bryan Home, NE City Hall (District Courthouse), DC Grover Cleveland Home (Westland), NJ Roscoe Conkling House, NY Eagle Historic District, AK Elmwood (James Russell Lowell Home), MA James A. Garfield Home, OH Jay Gould Estate (Lyndhurst), NY Henry W. Grady House, GA Benjamin Harrison Home, IN William McKinley Tomb, OH Carry A. Nation House, KS Old City Hall, UT Old New York County Courthouse, NY George Hart Pendleton Home, OH Pension Building, DC Matthew Stanley Quay House, PA Thomas Brackett Reed House, ME John Sherman Birthplace, OH Robert Smalls House, SC U.S. Capitol, DC

111-14 Thomas E. Watson House, GA James B, Weaver House, IA William Allen White House, KS

C. The Progressive Era, 1900-1914 William E. Borah Residence, Apt. 21, DC William Jennings Bryan Home, NE James B. (Champ) Clark House, MO Henry D. Clayton House, AL Eagle Historic District, AK John N. Garner House, TX Carter Glass House, VA William P. Hepburn House, IA Charles Evans Hughes House, DC Hiram W. Johnson House, DC Frank B. Kellogg House, MN Robert M. LaFollette Home, WI Charles A. Lindbergh, Sr., House, UN Henry Cabot Lodge Residence, MA Senator Francis G. Newlands Home, NV Senator George William Norris House, NE Prospect (Woodrow Wilson House), NJ Rankin Ranch, MT Elihu Root House, NY Alphonso Taft Home, OH Oscar Underwood House, DC U.S. Capitol, DC Edward D. White, LA William Allen White House, KS Woodrow Wilson Birthplace, VA Woodrow Wilson Home, DC

D. American Becomes a World Power, 1865-1914

1. Military Affairs (including the Spanish-American War) Boston Naval Shipyard, MA Fort Hancock and Sandy Hook Proving Ground Historic District, NJ Fort Sam Houston, TX Fort Huachuca, AZ Fort Sheridan Historic District, IL Fort Zachary Taylor, FL Hearst San Simeon Estate, CA Mare Island Naval Shipyard, CA National War College, DC Original U.S. Naval War College, RI Quarters 1 (Fort Myer), VA John Philip Sousa House, NY Springfield Armory, MA State, War and Navy Building, DC Tampa Bay Hotel, FL U.S. Capitol, DC U.S. Marine Corps Barracks A Commandant's Headquarters, DC United States Naval Academy, MD

111-15 United States Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, HI U.S.S. Olympia, PA U.S.S. Texas, TX Washington Navy Yard, DC Watervliet Arsenal, NY Colonel Charles Young House, OH Yuma Crossing, AZ-CA

2. Politics and Diplomacy American Flag Raising Site, AK James G. Blaine Home, ME Erskine House, AK Iolani Palace, HI Henry Cabot Lodge Residence, MA William H. Seward House, NY State, War and Navy Building, DC Charles Sumner House, MA Alphonso Taft Home, OH Oscar Underwood House, DC U.S. Capitol, DC General Lew Wallace Study, IN Colonel Charles Young House, OH

E. World War I, 1914-1919 Newton D. Baker Home, DC Fort Des Moines Provisional Army Officer Training School, IA Fort Sam Houston, TX John Nance Garner House, TX Hangar 9, Brooks Air Force Base, TX Herbert Hoover Birthplace, IA Charles A. Lindbergh, Sr., House, UN Henry Cabot Lodge Residence, MA National War College, DC Senator George William Norris House, NE General John J. Pershing Boyhood Home, MO Prospect (Woodrow Wilson House), NJ Captain Edward V. Rickenbacker Home, OH Springfield Armory, HA State, War and Navy Building, DC Oscar Underwood House, DC U.S. Capitol, DC U.S.S Texas, TX Woodrow Wilson Birthplace, VA Woodrow Wilson Home, DC Alvin Cullom York Farm, TN

F. Military Affairs Not Related to World War I or World War II, 1914-1941 Louis D. Brandeis House, MA James B. (Champ) Clark House, MO Columbus and Camp Furlong, NM Josephus Daniels House, NC Fort Hancock and Sandy Hook Proving Ground Historic District, NJ Fort Sam Houston, TX

111-16 Fort Myer Historic District, VA Fort Sheridan Historic District, IL Hangar 9, Brooks Air Force Base, TX General William L. Mitchell House, VA National War College, DC Pensacola Naval Air Station Historic District, FL General John J. Pershing Boyhood Home, MO Springfield Armory, MA State, War and Navy Building, DC U.S. Capitol, DC U.S.S. Texas, TX

G. Republican Prosperity, 1920-1929 William E. Borah Residence, Windsor Lodge, Apt. 21, DC City Hall (District Courthouse), DC Calvin Coolidge Homestead, VT Charles G. Dawes House, IL Oscar Stanton DePriest House, IL John Nance Garner House, TX Warren G. Harding Home, OH Herbert Hoover Birthplace, IA Lou Henry and Herbert Hoover House, CA Charles Evans Hughes House, DC Hiram W. Johnson House, DC Frank B. Kellogg House, MN Andrew Mellon Building, DC Memorial Continental Hall, DC Norfolk County Courthouse, MA Senator George William Norris House, NE Harry F. Sinclair House, NY Alfred E. Smith House, NY U.S. Capitol, DC Andrew J. Volstead House, MN Barton K. Wheeler House, MT William Allen White House, KS

H. The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1941 John Nance Garner House, TX Carter Glass House, VA Herbert Hoover Birthplace, IA Lou Henry and Herbert Hoover House, CA Charles Evans Hughes House, DC Charles A. Lindbergh, Sr., House, MN Louisiana State Capitol, LA Senator George William Norris House, NE Sam Rayburn House, TX Reed Smoot House, VT Timberline Lodge, OR U.S. Capitol, DC Warm Springs Historic District, GA Burton K. Wheeler House, MT

111-17 VIII. WORLD WAR II

A. War in Europe, Africa, and the Atlantic, 1939-1945 Dwight D. Eisenhower Farmstead, PA Springfield Armory, MA Harry S Truman Farm Home, MO Harry S Truman Historic District, MO United States Capitol, DC U.S. Car No. 1 (Ferdinand Magellan), FL U.S.S. Texas, TX Warm Springs Historic District, GA

B. War in the Pacific, 1941-1945 Adak Army Base and Adak Naval Operating Base, AL Attu Battlefield and U.S. Army and Navy Airfields, AK Dutch Harbor Naval Operating Base and Fort Hears, AK Hlckam Field, HI Japanese Occupation Site, Kiska Island, AK Kodiak Naval Operating Base and Forts Greely and Abercrombie, AK Kwajalein Island Battlefield, Marshall Islands Ladd Field, AK Landing Beaches, Aslito/Isley Field and Marpi Point, Northern Marianas Islands Manzanar War Relocation Camp, CA Peleliu Battlefield, Republic of Palau PT 796, MA Roi-Namur Battlefield, Marshall Islands San Francisco Port of Embarkation, CA Sitka Naval Operating Base and U.S. Army Coastal Defenses, AK Springfield Armory, MA S.S. Jeremiah O'Brien, CA Tinian Landing Beaches, Ushi Point Field and North Field, Northern Marianas Islands Trinity Site, NM Truk Lagoon Underwater Fleet, Microniesia Harry S Truman Farm Home, MO Harry S Truman Historic District, MO United States Capitol, DC U.S. Car No. 1 (Ferdinand Magellan), FL United States Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, HI U.S.S. Alabama, AL U.S.S. Becuna, PA U.S.S. Bowfin, HI U.S.S. Cassin Young, MA U.S.S. Cobia, WI U.S.S. Cod, OH U.S.S. Drum, AL U.S.S. Hazard, NE U.S.S. Inaugural, MO U.S.S. Intrepid, NY U.S.S. Kidd, LA U.S.S. Laffey, SC U.S.S. Lionfish, MA

111-18 U.S.S. Massachusetts, MA U.S.S. North Carolina, NC U.S.S. Pampanlto, CA U.S.S. Silversides, IL U.S.S. The Su111vans, NY U.S.S. Texas , TX U.S.S. Torsk, MD U.S.S. Yorktown, SC Wake Island Warm Springs Historic District, GA

C. Politics and Diplomacy During the War Mount Washington Hotel, NH Sam Rayburn House, TX State, War and Navy Building, D.C. Trinity Site, NM Harry S Truman Farm Home, MO Harry S Truman Historic District, HO United States Capitol, DC U.S. Car No. 1 (Ferdinand Magellan), FL Warm Springs Historic District, GA Burton K. 'Wheeler House, MT

D. The Home Front Manzanar War Relocation Camp, CA Harry S Truman Farm Home, MO Harry S Truman Historic District, MO United States Capitol, DC U.S. Car No. 1 (Ferdinand Magellan), FL Warm Springs Historic District, GA

IX. POLITICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS AFTER 1945

Ralph K. Bunche House, NY Dwight D. Eisenhower Farmstead, PA President Gerald R. Ford, Jr., House, VA Lyndon B. Johnson Boyhood Home, TX John F. Kennedy Birthplace, MA Kennedy Compound, MA Richard M. Nixon Birthplace, CA Sam Rayburn House, TX San Francisco Civic Center, CA State, War and Navy Building, DC Trinity Site, NM Harry S Truman Farm Home, MO Harry S Truman Historic District, MO United States Capitol, DC U.S. Car No. 1 (Ferdinand Magellan), FL U.S.S. Nautilus, CT Westminster College Gymnasium, MO

111-19 X. WESTWARD EXPANSION OF THE BRITISH COLONIES AND THE UNITED STATES, 1763-1898

A. British and United States Explorations of the West

1. Early Pathfinders, 1763-1807 Long Island of the Holston, TN

2. Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806 Camp Disappointment, MT Great Falls Portage, MT Lemhi Pass, ID-MT Lolo Trail, ID-MT Pompey's Pillar, MT Sergeant Floyd Monument, IA Three Forks of the Missouri, MT Traveler's Rest, MT Weippe Prairie, ID

3. Scientific and Topographic Surveys Desolation Canyon, UT Expedition Island, WY Fort Atkinson, NE Fort Washita, OK Pikes Peak, CO Pikes Stockade, CO

B, The Fur Trade

1. Old Northwest and Mississippi Valley Fur Frontier, 1763-1815 Bailly Homestead, IN Brisbois House, WI Jean Baptiste Point DuSable Homesite, IL Mackinac Island, MI Villa Louis, WI

2. Fur Trappers and Mountain Men as Pathfinders Kit Carson House, MM South Pass, WY Walker Pass, CA

3. John Jacob Astor and the American Fur Company, 1808-1840 Astor Fur Warehouse, WI Fort Astoria, OR Fort Union, ND Mackinac Island, MI

4. Rocky Mountain Rendezvous Era, 1824-1839 (including Rocky Mountain Fur Company, 1822-1834) Upper Green River Rendezvous Site, WY

5. Southwest Fur Trade Bent's Old Fort, CO Kit Carson House, NM

111-20 6. Hudson's Bay Company and the Northwest Coast Fur Trade Fur Seal Rookeries, AK Fort Hall, ID Fort Nisqually Granary, WA

7. Alaska Fur Trade Fort Durham Site, AK

C, Military-Aboriginal American Contact and Conflict Springfield Armory, MA

1. East of the Mississippi, 1763-1850s Bushy Run Battlefield, PA Dade Battlefield, Ft, Fallen Timbers Battlefield, OH Forks of the Ohio, PA Fort Frederick, MD Fort Michilimackinac, MI Fort Stanwix, NY Fort Toulouse Site, AL Hiram Masonic Lodge No. 7, TN Long Island of the Holston, TN Second Fort Crawford, WI

2. The Southern Plains Fort Belknap, TX Fort Concho, TX Fort Gibson, OK Fort Larned, KS Fort Leavenworth, KS Fort Richardson, TX Fort Scott, KS Fort Sill, OK Fort Smith, AR Fort Washita, OK Medicine Lodge Peace Treaty Site, KS Washita Battlefield, OK

3. The Northern Plains Fort Atkinson, NE Fort Phil Kearny, WY Fort Robinson and Red Cloud Agency, NE Fort D.A. Russell, WY Fort Snelling, MN Fort Union, ND Shawnee Mission, KS Wounded Knee Battlefield, SD

4. The Southwest Fort Bowie and Apache Pass, AZ Fort Davis, TX Fort Huachuca, AZ Yuma Crossing, AZ-CA

111-21 5. The Western Mountains Fort Churchill, NV Fort Douglas, UT

6. The Pacific Coast

D. Western Trails and Travelers

1. First Westward Trails East of the Mississippi Long Island of the Holston, TN Sycamore Shoals, TN

2. Santa Fe Trai1 Arrow Rock, MO Bent's Old Fort, CO Council Grove Historic Districc, KS Fort Larned, KS Fort Leavenworth, KS Rabbit Ears, NM Raton Pass, NM Santa Fe Plaza, NM Santa Fe Trail Remains, KS Wagon Bed Springs, KS Wagon Mound, NM Watrous (La Junta), NM

3. Oregon Trail and Settlement of Oregon Fort Hall, ID Independence Rock, WY Oregon Trail Ruts, WY Robidoux Pass, NE South Pass, WY

4. California Trails and Settlement of California City of Rocks, ID Donner Camp, CA Fort Hall, ID South Pass, WY Sutters Fort, CA Warner's Ranch, CA Yuma Crossing, AZ-CA

5. Mormon Migration and Settlement of the Great Basin Emigration Canyon, UT Fort Douglas, UT Nauvoo Historic District, IL Old City Hall, UT Temple Square, UT Brigham Young House (Lion House), UT

111-22 E. The Mining Frontier

1. California Gold Rush Coloma, CA Columbia Historic District, CA New Almaden, CA Old Sacramento Historic District, CA Old United States Mint, CA Sutter's Fort, CA Yuma Crossing, AZ-CA

2. Northwest: Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and Western Montana Assay Building, ID Bannock Historic District, MT Butte Historic District, MT Fort Hall, ID Jacksonville Historic District, OR Virginia City Historic District, MT

3. Southwest: Arizona and New Mexico Jerome Historic District, AZ Tombstone Historic District, AZ

4. Great Basin: Nevada, Utah, and Eastern California Bodie Historic District, CA Fort Douglas, UT Virginia City Historic District, NV

5. Rockies: Colorado and Wyoming Central City Historic District, CO Cripple Creek Historic District, CO Durango-SiIverton Narrow Gauge Line, Co Georgetown-Silver Plume Historic District, CO Leadville Historic District, CO Silverton Historic District, CO Telluride Historic District, CO

6. Black Hills of South Dakota Deadwood Historic District, SD

7. Alaskan Gold Rushes Cape Nome Mining District Discovery Sites, AK Chilkoot Trail and Dyea Site, AK Fort William H. Seward, AK Skagway Historic District and White Pass, AK

F, The Farmers' Frontier

1. Farming Frontier of the Old Northwest, 1763-1820 Erie Canal, NY Forks of the Ohio, PA Lincoln Boyhood National Monument, IN

111-23 2. Settling and Farming the Eastern Prairies, L820-1861

3. Later Settlements and Farming in the California Valley, Oregon, and Washington

4. Settling and Farming in the Great Plains, 1862-1900

G. The Cattlemen's Empire

1. Great Trail Drives, 1866-1885 JA Ranch, TX

2. The Cow Towns, 1866-1885 Lincoln Historic District, NM

3. Ranches Frawley Ranch, SD Grant-Kohrs Ranch, MT JA Ranch, TX King Ranch, TX Los Alamos Ranch House, CA 101 Ranch Historic District, OK San Bernardino Ranch, AZ Sierra Bonita Ranch, AZ Tom Sun Ranch, WY Swan Land and Cattle Company Headquarters, WY Warner's Ranch, CA

XI. AGRICULTURE

A. Era of Adaptation, 1607-1763 Espada Aqueduct, TX

B. Plantation Agriculture, 1607-1860 Marlbourne (Edmund Ruffin Plantation), VA Mount Vernon, VA

C. Era of Subsistence Agriculture, 1763-1820

D. The Plantation Breaks Up, Sharecropping and Tenant Farming, 1860-

E. Agriculture as Business Enterprise Beyond Self-Sufficiency, 1820- Carlsbad Reclamation Project, NM John Deere Home and Shop, IL Farm House (Knapp-Wilson House), IA Langstroth Cottage, OH Cyrus McCormick Farm & Workshop, VA Justin S. Morrill Homestead, VT Morrow Plots, IL Senator Francis G. Newlands Home, NV

111-24 Old Sugar Mill, HI Peavy-Haglin Experimental Concrete Grain Elevator, MN Porter Farm, TX Roosevelt Dam, AZ Elkanah Watson Home, NY Jethro Wood Home, NY

F. Farming on the East Coast tor Local Markets (Dairying, Fruits, and Vegetables)

XII. BUSINESS

A. Extractive or Mining Industries

1. Iron and Ferro Alloys Andrew Carnegie Mansion, NY Cornwall Iron Furnace, FA Elkins Coal & Coke Company Historic District, WV Hull-Rust-Mahoning Open Pit Iron Mine, MN Mountain Iron Mine, MN Ringwood Manor, NJ Saugus Iron Works, MY Sloss Blast Furnaces, AL Souden Iron Mine, MN Stiegel-Coleman House, PA

2. Petroleum and Related Resources Charles W. Morgan, CT Drake Oil Well, PA Lucas Gusher, TX E.W. Marland Mansion, OK Andrew Mellon Building, DC Norman No. 1 Oil Well, KS John D. Rockefeller Estate, NY Harry F. Sinclair House, NY Well No. 4, Pico Canyon Oil Field, CA

3. Other Metals and Minerals Bingham Canyon Open Pit Copper Mine, UT James C. Flood Mansion, CA Jerome Historic District, AZ Kennecott Mine, AK Andrew Mellon Building, DC New Almaden, CA Phelps Dodge General Office Building, AZ William C. Ralston House, CA Reed Gold Mine Site, NC

4. Timber and Lumber Port Gamble Historic District, WA St. Croix Boom Site, MN

111-25 5, Fishing and Livestock Charles W. Morgan, CT Nantucket Historic District, MA New Bedford Historic District, MA

B, Manufacturing Organizations

1. Food, Beverages, and Tobacco Anheuser-Busch Brewery, MO W.T. Blackwell and Company Tobacco Factory, NC Bomberger's (Michter's) Distillery, PA Burks' Distillery, KY Dixie Coca-Cola Bottling Company Plant, GA Duke Homestead and Tobacco Factory, NC Samuel Elmore Cannery, OR First Pacific Coast Salmon Cannery, CA Milton S. Hershey Mansion, PA Lorillard Snuff Mill, NY Old Sugar Mill, HI Pillsbury A Mill, MN Reynolds Homestead, VA Washburn "A" Mill Complex, MN

2. Transportation Equipment Durant-Dort Carriage Company Office, MI Fair Lane, Henry Ford Estate, MI Ford River Rouge Complex, MI General Motors Building, MI Gruber Wagon Works, PA Highland Park Ford Plant, MI Lincoln Motor Company Plant, MI

3. Machinery and Instruments W. and L. E. Gurley Building, NY Robbins 6 Lawrence Armory and Machine Shop, VT

4. Fabricated Metal and Glass Products Edward D, Libbey House, OH Andrew Mellon Building, DC Phelps Dodge General Office Building, AZ Phoenix Shot Tower, MD Ringwood Manor, NJ Saugus Iron Works, MA Sloss Blast Furnaces, AL Stiegel-Coleman House, PA Tredegar Iron Works, VA

5. Thread and Needle Industries Cheney Brothers Historic District, CT Clark Thread Company Historic District, NJ Columbus Historic Riverfront Industrial District, GA Graniteville Historic District, SC Harrisville Historic District, N.H. Historic Augusta Canal 6. Industrial District, GA

111-26 Lowell Locks & Canals Historic District, MA Old Slater Mill, RI Solio Cast-iron Historic District, NY Watkins Mill, MO

6. Paper, Printing, and Publishing Crane & Company Old Stone Mill and Rag Room, MA Hearst San Simeon Estate, CA Tampa Bay Hotel, FL

7. Chemicals and Allied Products Herbert H. Dow House, MI Eleutherian Mills, DE Stan Hywet Hall (Frank A. Seiberling House), OH

8. Home Furnishings and Furniture Old Salem Historic District, NC Union Tavern, NC

9. Other

Nantucket Historic District, MA

C. Construction and Housing

1. Commercial

2. Private

3. Public

D. Trade 1. Export-Import Alexandria Historic District, VA Captain R.B. Forbes House, MA Long Wharf and Custom House Block, MA United States Customhouse, LA United States Customhouse, MA United States Custom House and Post Office, MO United States Custom House, NY Vieux Carre Historic District, LA

2. Wholesale Nathan Appleton House, MA Old Stone Gate of Chicago Union Stockyards, IL

3. Retail Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company Warehouse, NJ John A. Hartford House, NY R.H. Macy & Company Store, NY Marshall Field & Company Store, IL Montgomery Ward & Company Complex, IL New Market, PA J.C. Penney Historic District, WY

111-27 Quincy Market, MA Sears, Roebuck and Company Complex, IL A.T. Stewart Store, NY Tiffany & Company Building, NY John Wanamaker Store, PA Woolworth Building, NY

4. Advertising George Eastman House, NY R.H. Macy & Company Store, NY John Wanamaker Store, PA

5. Commodity Markets Chicago Board of Trade Building, IL New Orleans Cotton Exchange Building, LA New York Cotton Exchange, NY

6. Slave Trade Franklin and Armfield Office, VA Isaac Franklin Plantation, TN

E. Finance and Banking

1. Commercial Banks Bank of Italy Building, CA Jay Cooke Home, OH Carter Glass House, VA J. Plerpont Morgan Library, NY National City Bank Building, NY William C. Ralston Hosue, CA Maggie L. Walker House, VA

2. Savings and Loan Associations

3. Mutual Savings Banks

4. Credit Unions

5. Finance and Personal Loan Companies

William C. Ralston House, CA

6. Credit Companies (Credit Card Industry)

7. Public Regulatory Institutions Carter Glass House, VA Mount Washington Hotel, NH Old United States Mint, CA John Sherman Birthplace, OH United States Mint, New Orleans Branch, LA 8. Stock and Other Market Exchanges American Stock Exchange, NY New York Stock Exchange, NY

111-28 9. General Finance Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Building, NY

F. Insurance

1, Fire and Marine Insurance Company of North America Building, PA Philadelphia Contributionship, PA

2, Casualty and Surety

3. Life Equitable Building, NY Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Building, NY New York Life Building, NY

4. Health

G, Service Industry

1. Food Gadsby's Tavern, VA Rising Sun Tavern, VA Salem Tavern, NC Travelers Rest, GA

2, Hostelry Dousman Hotel, WT Gadsby's Tavern, VA Mission Inn, CA Rising Sun Tavern, VA Sheridan Inn, WY Travelers Rest, GA

H. Power and Lighting

1. Electric General Electric Research Laboratory, NY Roosevelt Dam, AZ Seattle Electric Company Georgetown Steam Plant, WA Elihu Thomson House, MA Wilson Dam, AL

2. Gas

3. Nuclear U.S.S. Nautilus, CT

4. Water Great Falls of the Passaic/S.U.M. Historic District, NJ Hoover Dam, AZ-NV Lowell Locks and Canals Historic District, MA 1762 Waterworks, PA

111-29 I. Accounting

J. Defense Boston Naval Shipyard, MA Samuel Colt Home (Armsmear), CT Eleutherlan Mills, DE Phoenix Shot Tower, MD Springfield Armory, MA Clement Studebaker House, IN Tredegar Iron Works, VA Trinity Site, NM Watervliet Arsenal, NY

K. Business Organization J.C. Penney Historic District, WY A.T. Stewart Company Store, NY Tredegar Iron Works, VA

L. Shipping and Transportation Balclutha, CA C.A. Thayer, CA Captain R.B. Forbes House, MA Hercules (Tugboat), CA Long Wharf & Custom House Block, MA George Perkins Marsh Boyhood Home, VT Star of India, CA Wapama, CA

M, Supporting Institutions

New York Chamber of Commerce Building, NY

XIII. SCIENCE

A. Physical Sciences 1. Astronomy Edwin P. Hubble House, CA Lowell Observatory, AZ

2. Physics Percy Bridgman House, MA Arthur H. Compton House, IL John W. Draper House, NY Experimental Breeder Reactor No. I, ID Goddard Rocket Launching Site, MA James Hall's Office, NY Joseph Henry House, NJ Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, NM Robert A. Millikan House, IL Pupin Physics Laboratory, NY Room 307, Gilman Hall, University of California, CA Room 405, George Herbert Jones Laboratory, University of Chicago, IL Henry August Rowland Home, MD

111-30 Count Rumford Birthplace, MA Site of First Self-Sustaining Nuclear Reaction, IL X-10 Reactor, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN

3. Chemistry Russel Henry Chittenden House, CT Herbert H. Dow House, NY John W, Draper House, NY Joseph Henry House, NJ Irving Langmuir House, NY Arthur D. Little, Inc., Building, HA Lafayette B. Mendel House, CT Edward W. Morley House, CT Joseph Priestley House, PA Ira Remsen House, MD Theodore W. Richards House, MA

B. Earth Science

1. Physical Geography William M. Davis House, MA Matthew Henson Residence, NY Leffingwell Camp Site, AK Old Naval Observatory, DC

2. Geology Edward Drinker Cope Home, PA Reginald A. Daly House, HA James Dwight Dana House, CT William M. Davis, MA Leffingwell Camp Site, AK C. Hart Merriam Base Camp Site, AZ Old Scripps Building, CA David White House, DC Robert W. Woodward House, DC

3. Hydrology Old Naval Observatory, DC Old Scripps Building, CA

4. Meteorology Cleveland Abbe House, DC Fort Myer Historic District, VA Leonard Rockshelter, NV Old Naval Observatory, DC

C. Biological Sciences

i. Botany Arnold Arboretum, MA John Bartram House, PA Coker Experimental Farms, SC Connecticut Agriculture Experiment Station, CT

II1-31 Desert Laboratory, AZ Gemeinhaus-De Schweinitz (Lewis Davis) Residence, PA Asa Gray House, MA Kennicott Grove, IL James Logan Home, PA Missouri Botanical Garden, MO Morrow Plots, IL New York Botanical Garden, NY Sanborn Field and Soil Erosion Plots, MO

2. Zoology Elliott Coues Home, DC Kennicott Grove, IL Langstroth Cottage, OH Frank R. Lillie House, IL Elmer C. McCollum House, MD Old Scripps Building, CA Seton Village, NM

3. Paleontology Edward Drinker Cope Home, PA Othniel C. Marsh House, CT

4. Psychology

D, Social Sciences

1. Anthropology

2. Economics

3. Political Science

4. Sociology

E, Mathematics George D. Birkhoff Residence, MA James Logan Home, PA

F, Medicine

1. Clinical Specialties Charles Richard Drew House, VA Joseph Erlanger House, MO Ether Dome, MA Founder's Hall, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, NY Hill-Physick-Keith House, PA Massachusetts General Hospital, MA Mayo Clinic Buildings, MM Dr. Ephraim McDowell House, KY Mills Building, South Carolina State Hospital, SC Dr. Daniel Hale Williams House, IL

111-32 2. Non-Clinical Specialties Founder's Hall, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, NY Lafayette B. Mendel House, CT George R, Minot House, MA Parke-Davis Laboratory, MI William H. Welch House, MD

3. Affiliated Disciplines William H. Welch House, MD

G, Scientific Institutions American Philosophical Society Hall, PA Army Medical Museum and Library, DC Charles B, Dudley House, PA Kennicott Grove, IL Frank R. Lillie House, IL Arthur D. Little, Inc., Building, MA George R. Minot House, MA Old Patent Office, DC Smithsonian Building, DC Robert S. Woodward House, DC

XIV. TRANSPORTATION

A. Early Turnpikes, Roads, and Taverns East of the Mississippi Casselman's Bridge, MD Gadsby's Tavern, VA Old Salem Historic District, NC S Bridge, National Road, OH Salem Tavern, NC Searights Toll House, National Road, PA Smithfield Street Bridge, PA Traveler's Rest, GA Wheeling Suspension Bridge, WV

B. Ships, Boats, Lighthouses, and Other Structures Alcatrez Island, CA Balclutha, CA Boston Light, MA Cape Henry Lighthouse, VA Eureka (Ferryboat), CA Robert Fulton Birthplace, PA Fort Benton, MT Hercules (Tugboat), CA Sandy Hook Light, NJ Star of India, CA Ticonderoga, VT Wapama, CA

C. Canals Delaware Canal, PA Delaware and Hudson Canal, NY & PA

111-33 Erie Canal, NY Robert Fulton Birthplace, FA Illinois & Michigan Canal, IE Miami & Erie Canal, Deep Cut, OH Ohio & Erie Canal, OH Old Lock Pump House, Chesapeake & Delaware Canal, MD Potomac Canal Historic District, VA St. Mary's Falls Canal, MI

D. Overland Travel West of the Mississippi (i.e. Stagecoaches), after 1840 Fort Ruby, NV Oak Grove Butterfield Stage Station, CA Sourdough Lodge, AK. Warner's Ranch, CA Yuma Crossing, AZ-CA

E. Railroads William Aiken House & Associated Railroad Structures, SC Allegheny Portage Railroad of Pennsylvania Canal, PA Baltimore & Ohio Transportation Museum S Mount Clare Station, MD Central of Georgia Railroad Shops & Terminal, GA Grenville M. Dodge House, IA Dousman Hotel, WI Durango-Silverton Narrow Gauge Line, CO East Broad Top Railroad, PA Ellicott City Station, MD E.H. Harriman Estate (Arden), NY James J. Hill Home, MN Horseshoe Curve, PA George Perkins Marsh Boyhood Home, VT Old Sacramento Historic District, CA Thomas Viaduct, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, MD

F. Urban Transport (Trolleys, St reel cars, and Subways) San Francisco Cable Cars, CA Tremont Street Subway, MA

G. Automobiles, Buses, Wagons, and Highways Fair Lane, Henry Ford's Estate, MI Gruber Wagon Works, PA Highland Park Ford Plant, MI Lincoln Motor Company Plant, MI Clement Studebaker House, IN

H. Airplanes and Air Travel Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, FL Hangar No. 1, Lakehurst Naval Air Station, NJ Charles A. Lindbergh, Sr., House, MN

XV. COMMUNICATION

A. Written Word (Newspapers and Periodicals) Hearst San Simeon Estate, CA

111-34 H.L. Mencken House, MD New York Amsterdam News Building, NY Tampa Bay Hotel, FL

B. Mail Service (Overland, Water, and Air Routes) William Aiken House and Associated Railroad Structures, SC Fort Churchill, NV Fort Ruby, NV Hollenberg Pony Express Station, KS Patee House, MO Pony Express Terminal (B.F. Hastings Building), CA

C. Telegraph and Telephone Bell Telephone Laboratories, NY The Factory, Speedwell Village, NJ Fort Churchill, NV Fort Ruby, NV Joseph Henry House, NJ Pony Express Terminal (B.F. Hastings Building), CA Volta Bureau, DC

D. Radio

Reginald A. Fessenden House, MA

E. Television

F. Post World War II Electronic G. Spoken Word (Oratory and Public Speaking) St. John's Episcopal Church, VA Westminster College Gymnasium, MO

XVI. ARCHITECTURE

A. Colonial (1600-1730) Acadian House, LA Alamo, TX Alexandria Historic District, VA Anza House, CA Eleazer Arnold House, RI Augustus Lutheran Church, PA Bacon's Castle, VA Barrio de Analco Historic District, NM John Bartrara House, PA Beacon Hill Historic District, MA Boardman House, MA Louis Bolduc House, MO Brick House Ruin, SC Bronck House, NY Buttolph-Williams House, CT Parson Capen House, MA Jose Castro House, CA Charleston Historic District, SC Church of the Holy Ascension, AK

111-35 Church of the Holy Family, IL Jethro Coffin House, MA Commander's House, Fort Ross, CA Dutch Reformed Church, NY Dyckman House, NY Elfreth's Alley Historic District, PA Ephrata Cloister, PA Estudillo House, CA Fairbanks House, MA Fort Johnson, NY Fort Klock, NY Gonzales House , CA Gonzalez-Alvarez House, FL Graeme Park, PA Harpswell Meeting House, ME Jean Hasbrouck House, NY Holy Assumption Orthodox Church, AK Holy Trinity (Old Swedes) Church, DE Homeplace, LA House on Elllcotts Hill, MS Hurley Historic District, NY Richard Jackson House, NH Larkin House, CA Las Flores Adobe, CA Llambas House, FL Lorabardy Hall, DE Los Alamos Ranchhouse, CA Los Cerritos Ranchhouse, CA Madam John's Legacy, LA Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University, MA Mclntire Garrison House, ME Pierre Menard House, IL Mission Concepcion, TX Mission House, MA Monterey Old Town Historic District, CA Mulberry Plantation, SC Nassau Hall, Princeton University, NJ Old Deerfield Village, MA Old House, NY Old North Church, Christ Church Episcopal, MA Old Quaker Meeting House, NY Old Ship Church, MA Old South Church, MA Old South Meeting House, MA Old York Gaol, ME Palace of the Governors, NM Palmer-Marsh House, NC Parlange Plantation House, LA Peirce-Nichols House, MA Petaluma Adobe, CA Philipsburg Manor, NY Moses Pierce-Hichborn House, MA Presbytere, LA 111-36 Presidio Nuestra Senora de Loreto del la Bahla, TX Resurrection Manor, MD Paul Revere House, MA Royal Presidio Chapel, CA Saint Luke's Church, VA San Diego Mission Church, CA San Estevan del Key Mission Church, NM San Francisco de Assisi Mission Church, CA San Jose de Gracia Church, NM San Juan Bautista Plaza Historic District, LA San Luis de Rey Mission Church, CA Santa Barbara Mission, CA Santa Fe Plaza, NM San Xavier del Bac Mission, AZ Scotchtown, Patrick Henry Home, VA 1704 House, PA Spanish Governor's Palace, TX Spencer-Pierce-Little House, MA Stanley-Whitman House, CT Star-Spangled Banner Flag House, MD Stiegel-Coleman House, PA Sunnyside, Washington Irving Home, NY Adam Thoroughgood House, VA William Trent House, NJ Peter Tufts House, MA Ursuline Convent, LA Van Alen House, NY Van Cortlandt Manor, NY Voorlezer's House, NY John Ward House, MA Washington's Headquarters, NY West St. Mary's Manor, MD Whipple House, MA Williamsburg Historic District, VA Wyckoff-Bennett Homestead, NY Wyckoff House, NY Yeocomico Church, VA

B. Georgian (1730-1780) Alexandria Historic District, VA American Philosophical Society Hall, PA Aspendale , DE Beacon Hill Historic District, MA Berkeley, VA Brandon, VA Miles Brewton House, SC Robert Brewton House, SC Brice House, MD Brick Market, RI Bruton Parish Church, VA Carpenter's Hall, PA Carter 's Grove, VA Charleston Historic District, SC

111-37 Chase-Lloyd House, MD Chestertown Historic District, MD Chew House (Cliveden), PA Chowan County Courthouse, NC Christ Church, MA Christ Church, PA Christ Church, Lancaster County, VA Christ Church, Alexandria, VA Corbit-Sharp House, DE Craigie-Longfellow House, MA Cupola House, NC John Dickinson Mansion, DE Drayton Hall, SC Elmwood, MA Elsing Green, VA Exchange and Provost, SC First Baptist Meeting House, RI Gads by's Tavern, VA William Gibbes House, SC Guns ton Hall, VA Jonathan Hamilton House, ME Hammond-Harwood House, MD Hampton Plantation, SC Hanover County Courthouse, VA Heywood-Washington House, SC His Lordship's Kindness, MD Hunter House, RI Johnson Hall, NY Kenmore, VA Kings Chapel, MA Lady Pepperrell House, ME Governor John Langdon Mansion, NH La Purisima Mission, CA Jeremiah Lee Mansion, MA Litchfield Historic District, CT James Logan Home (Stenton), PA London Town Publik House, MD MacPheadris-Warner House, NH Maryland State House, MD Middleburg Plantation, SC Moffatt-Ladd House, NH Montpelier, MD Mount Airy, Va Mount Clair, MD Mount Pleasant, PA Mount Vernon, VA Mulberry Plantation, SC New Market, PA Old Deerfield Village, MA Old Merchant's House, NY Old Salem Historic District, NC Old Statehouse, MA Old Statehouse, RI

111-38 William Paca House, MD Pennsylvania Hospital, PA Philipse Manor Hall, NY Franklin Pierce Homestead, NH Pompion Hill Chapel, SC Peyton Randolph House, VA Tapping Reeve House and Law School, CT Joseph Reynolds House, RI Reynolds-Morris House, PA Rising Sun Tavern, VA Isaac Royall House, MA Sabine Hall, VA St. James, Goose Creek (Episcopal Church), SC St. James, Santee (Episcopal Church), SC St. Michael's Episcopal Church, SC St. Paul's Chapel, NY St. Philip's Church (Episcopal), SC St. Stephen's Episcopal Church, SC Schuyler Mansion, NY James Semple House, VA Shirley, VA Shirley Eustis House, MA Stratford Hall, VA Colonel John Stuart House, SC George Tate House, ME, Trinity Church, RI John Trumbull Birthplace, CT Tuckahoe Plantation House, VA Tulip Hill, MD University Hall, Brown University, RI Van Cortlandt House, NY Vernon House, RI Wanton-Lyman-Haxard House, RI Waterford Historic District, VA Webb House, CT Wentworth-Coolidge Mansion, NH Wentworth-Gardner House, NH Westover, VA Whitehall, MD Williamsburg Historic District, VA Woodford, PA Wren Buildings, VA Wythe House , VA

C. Federal (1780-1820) Alexandria Historic District, VA Bartow-Pell Mansion, NY Baum-Taft House, OH Beacon Hill Historic District, MA Beaufort Historic District, SC Bethesda Presbyterian Church, SC William Blacklock House, SC William Blount Mansion, TN

111-39 Bremo Historic District, VA Brooklyn Heights Historic District, NY John Brown House, RI James Buchanan Home (Wheatland), PA Burlington County Prison, NJ Cedar Creek Battlefield and Belle Grove, VA Charleston Historic District, SC City Hall, NY Corliss-Carrington House, RI Decatur House, DC Derby Summer House, MA Faneuil Hall, HA First Church of Christ, Lancaster, MA First Harrison Gray Otis House, MA Gardner-Pingree House, MA Gore Place, DC Hamilton Hall, MA Hayes Plantation, NC Homewood, MD Thomas P. Ives House, RI Lancaster County Jail, SC Liberty Hall, KY Louisiana State Bank Building, LA Joseph Manigault House, SC Marshlands, SC Massachusetts State House, MA Mayor Girod House, LA McLellan-Sweat House, ME Monticello, VA Morris-Jumel Mansion, NY Nickels-Sortwell House, ME Oak Hill, VA Oat lands, VA Octagon House, DC Old Queens, Rutgers University, NJ Old Statehouse, CT Old West Church, MA Old West (Dickinson College), PA Owens-Thomas House, GA Francis Parkman House, MA Philadelphia Contributionship, PA Poplar Forest, VA Quincy Market, MA Rotunda, University of Virginia, VA Nathaniel Russell House, SC St. John's Episcopal Church, DC David Sears House, MA Simmons-Edwards House, SC Tudor Place, DC Tupper-Barnett House, GA United States Capitol, DC University Hall, Harvard University, MA University of Virginia Historic District, VA

111-40 The Vale, Theodore Lyman Estate, MA White House, DC Wickham-Valentine House, VA Woodlands, PA Wye House, MD Wynnewood, TN

D. Greek Revival (1820-1840) Alexandria Historic District, VA Andalusia, Nicholas Biddle's Estate, PA Arlington, MS Auburn, MS Barton Hall, AL Beacon Hill Historic District, MA Beaufort Historic District, SC Bellevue, GA Berry Hill, VA Brooklyn Heights Historic District, NY Carmichael House, GA City Hall (District Court House), DC College of Charleston, SC Commercial Bank and Bankers House, MS Confederate Capitol, VA Courthouse and Lawyers Row Historic District, LA Dunleith, MS Exchange, VA Fairmount Waterworks, PA Fireproof Building, SC First Unitarian Church, MD Founder's Hall, Girard College, PA Gaineswood, AL Gallier Hall, LA Governor's Mansion, GA Governor's Mansion, TX Oliver Hastings House, MA Herman-Grima House, LA Hermitage, TN Hibernian Hall, SC Hyde Hall, NY Lancaster County Courthouse, SC Louisville Water Company Pumping Station, KY Juliette Gordon Low Birthplace, GA Madewood Plantation House, LA Market Hall and Sheds, SC Massachusetts General Hospital, MA Melrose, MS Milford Plantation, SC Mills Building, South Carolina State Hospital, SC Robert Mills House, SC Minor Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, MD Mississippi Governor's Mansion, MS Monumental Church, VA Oak Alley Plantation, LA

111-41 Oak Hill, VA Ohio State House, OH Old Bank of Louisville, KY Old Capitol, IA Old Patent Office, DC Old Salem Historic District, NC Old Statehouse, KY Old United States Mint, CA Parish House of Circular Congregational Church, SC Pioneer Courthouse, OR Playmakers Theater, NC Rattle and Snap, TN Redwood Library, RI Robert William Roper House, SC Rose Hill, NY Sailors Snug Harbor, NY St. Paul's Church, MA William Scarbrough House, GA Shadows-on-the-Teche, LA South Carolina Statehouse, SC Stanton Hall, MS State Capitol, NC Telfair Academy of Arts and Science, GA Tennessee State Capitol, TN United First Parish Church, MA United States Capitol, DC United States Custom House, LA United States Custom House, MA United States Department of Treasury, DC United States Mint, LA United States Naval Academy, MD United States Naval Asylum, PA Vermont State House, VT Washington and Lee University Historic District, VA Waverly, MS White House of the Confederacy, VA Wynnewood, TN Yucca Plantation, LA

E. Gothic Revival (1830-1915)

1. Early Gothic Revival Barracks, Virginia Military Institute, VA Church of the Holy Cross, SC Church of St. James the Less, PA Eastern State Penitentiary, PA Huguenot Church, SC Kirtland Temple, OH Lee Chapel, VA Market House, NC James Monroe Tomb, VA Justin S. Morrill Homestead, VT New St. Mary's Episcopal Church, NJ Old Marine Hospital, SC

IU-42 St. Andrew 's Church, AL St. Mark's Episcopal Church, PA Saint Mary's Seminary Chapel, MD Springside, Matthew Vassar House, NY Sunnyside, Washington Irving Home, NY Trinity Church and Graveyard, NY Unitarian Church, SC Virginia Military Institute Historic District, VA

2. High Victorian Gothic Jay Gould Estate (Lyndhurst), NY Grace Church, NY Green-Meldrim House, GA Hermitage, NJ Nott Memorial Hall, NY Old Louisiana State Capitol, LA St. Patrick's Cathedral, NY St. Patrick's Church, LA St. Peter's Episcopal Church, NY

3. Late Gothic Revival Biltmore Estate, NC Cincinnati Music Hall, OH Connecticut State Capitol, CT Dakota Apartments, NY Grey Towers (William Welsh Harrison House), PA Memorial Hall, MA Gilford Pinchot Home, PA Seventh Regiment Armory, NY U.S. Military Academy, NY

F. Romanesque Revival (1840-1900)

1. Victorian Romanesque Philadelphia Masonic Temple, PA St. Mary's Assumption Church, LA Smithsonian Building, DC

2. Richardsonian Allegheny County Courthouse and Jail, PA Buffalo Psychiatric Center, NY Glessner House, IL New York State Capitol, NY Pioneer Building, WA Sever Hall, Harvard University, MA Clement Studebaker House, IN Trinity Church, MA Union Station, MO

G. Renaissance Revival (1830-1920) Academy of Music, PA Athenaeum, PA Gallier House, LA

111-43 General Post Office, DC Pontalba Buildings, LA Pension Building, DC

1. Italian Villa Ammade1le, MS Camden, VA City Hall, Mobile, AL Samuel Colt Home (Armsmear), CT Cooleemee, NC Coolmore, NC James C, Flood Mansion, CA P.L. Hay House, GA Edward King House, RI Lippitt House, RI Morse-Libby House, ME Asa Packer Mansion, PA Springer Opera House, GA

2. American Bracketed Villa San Francisco Plantation House, LA

3. Cast Iron: Gothic, Romanesque, Renaissance Arcade, RI Cleveland Arcade, OH Skidmore-Old Town Historic District, OR SoHo Cast Iron Historic District, NY

H. Exotic Revivals (1830-1860)

1. Octagons Armour-Stiner House, NY Lapham-Patterson House, GA Longwood, MS Octagon House, GA

2. Egyptian Egyptian Building, VA

3. Moorish Central Synagogue, NY Farmers and Exchange Bank, SC Fox Theater, GA Plum Street Temple, OH Tampa Bay Hotel, FL

I. Second Empire (1850-1890) John Ballantine House, NJ Canfield Casino and Congress Park, NY Deady & Villard Halls, OR Furness Library, School of Fine Arts, PA Gallaudet College Historic District, DC

111-44 Iolani Palace, HI Jubilee Hall, Fisk University, TN Library of Congress, DC Lockwood-Matthews Mansion, CT Mount Washington Hotel, NH Old City Hall, MA Old City Hall, VA Old Main, Vassar College, NY Philadelphia City Hall, PA Plaza Hotel, NY Renwick Gallery, DC State, War and Navy Building, DC The Strand Historic District, TX Surrogate's Court, NY United States Custom House and Post Office, MO United States Custom House, NY

J. Stick Style (1860-1890) William Watts Sherman House, iil

K. Queen Anne-East lake (1880-1900) Arts 6 Industries Building, DC Merlon Cricket Club, PA Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, PA Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital, MD Mark Twain Home, CT

L. Shingle Style (1880-1900) Newport Casino, RI

M. Period Revivals (1870-1940)

1. Georgian (1870-1920) Henry Clay Home (Ashland), KY Germantown (Manheim) Cricket Club, PA Milton S. Hersey Mansion, PA Jekyll Island Historic District, GA

2. Spanish (Mission) (1890-1940) Balboa Park, CA Cathedral of St. Augustine, FL Hearst San Simeon Estate, CA Jekyll Island Historic District, GA Lou Henry and Herbert Hoover House, CA Mar-A-Lago, FL Mission Inn, CA Ohio Theater, OH

3. Tudor (1890-1940) Boat House Row, PA Lawrenceville School, NJ

111-45 4. Jacobean (1890-1915) Jekyll Island Historic District, GA Third Judicial District Courthouse, NY

5. Neo-Classical (1890-1915) Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society Building, NY Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY State Capitol Building, GA Texas State Capitol, TX Tiffany and Company Building, NY

6. Beaux Arts (1890-1915) Georgian Court, NJ Grand Central Terminal, NY Memorial Hall, PA J. Pierpont Morgan Library, NY New York Chamber of Commerce Building, NY New York Public Library, NY Shadow Lawn, NJ

7. Renaissance (1890-1915) Boston Public Library, MA Main Street Station and Trainshed, VA Samuel J. Tilden House, NY

N. Commercial (1890-1915) Bradbury Building, CA Leiter II Building, IL Marquette Building, IL Reliance Building, IL Rookery Building, IL South Dearborn Street Printing House Row Historic District, IL Woolworth Building, NY

0. Sullivanesque (1890-1915) Auditorium Building, IL Bayard-Condict Building, NY Bradley-Sigma Phi House, WI Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Buildings, IL Farmers and Merchants Union Bank, Wi Merchants National Bank, IA National Farmer's Bank, MN People's Federal Savings and Loan Association, OH Prudential Building, NY Van alien Department Store, IA Wainwright Building, MO

P. Prairie (1890-1915)

Q. Bungalow (1890-1940)

111-46 R. Craftsman (1890-1915) Asilomar Conference Grounds, CA First Church of Christ, Scientist, CA Fonthill, Mercer Museum, Moravian Pottery and Tile Works, PA David B. Gamble House, CA Hotel Del Coronado, CA Lake Mohonk Mountain House, NY Roycroft Campus, NY Timberline Lodge, OR

S. Wrightian (1887-present) Administration Building-Research Tower, Johnson Wax Company, WI Avery Coonley House, IL Susan Lawrence Dana House, IL Fallingwater, PA Darwin Martin House, NY Robie House, IL Taliesin East, WI Taliesin West, AZ Unity Temple, IL Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio, IL

T. Moderne-Art Deco (1920-1945) Chrysler Building, NY Cincinnati Union Terminal, OH Empire State Building, NY Louisiana State Capitol, LA Nebraska State Capitol, NE Paramount Theater, CA Play land Amusement Park, NY

U. International (1915-1945) Philadelphia Saving Fund Society Building, PA

V. Historic District (multiple styles and dates) Cape May Historic District, NJ (Italian Revival to Second Empire) College Hill Historic District, RI (Georgian through Greek Revival) Colonial Annapolis Historic District, MD (Colonial through Federal) Colonial Germantovzn Historic District, PA (Colonial through Federal) East End Historic District, TX (Greek Revival, Romanesque Revival, Renaissance Revival, Exotic Revival, and Queen Anne) Garden District, LA (Greek Revival through Second Empire) Georgetown Historic District, DC (Colonial through Renaissance Revival) Georgetown-Silver Plume Historic District, CO (Renaissance Revival through Second Empire) Glendale Historic District, OH (Greek Revival through Second Empire) Lafayette Square Historic District, DC (Federal to 20th Century) Mount Vernon Place Historic District, MD (Greek Revival through Renaissance Revival) Nantucket Historic District, MA (Colonial through Period Revivals) Natchitoches Historic District, LA (Colonial through Greek Revival) New Bedford Historic District, MA (Colonial through Greek Revival)

111-47 New Castle Historic District, DE (Colonial through Federal) New Haven Green Historic District, CT (Georgian through Gothic Revival) Newport Historic District, RI (Colonial through Greek. Revival) Ocean Drive Historic District, RI (Renaissance Revival through Period Revival) Port Townsend Historic District, WA (Federal through Queen Anne- East lake) Pullman Historic District, XL (Second Empire through Queen Anne- East lake) Riverside Historic District, XL (Gothic Revival through Queen Anne- East lake) Savannah Historic District, GA (Colonial through Exotic Revivals) Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District, MO (Late Gothic Revival and Renaissance Revival)

W. Regional and Urban Planning

1. Urban Areas New Haven Green Historic District, CT Pullman Historic District, IL St. Augustine Town Plan, FL San Francisco Civic Center, CA Savannah Historic District, GA

2. Suburban Areas Riverside Historic District, XL

3. Parks

Central Park, NY

4. Cemeteries

5. Regional Planning X. Vernacular Architecture Bellevue Avenue Historic District, RI Bishop Hill Colony Historic District, XL Chappelle Administration Building, SC El Santuario de Chimayo, NM Guaj ome Ranch House , CA Hancock Shaker Village, MA Harrisville Historic District, NH Jacksonville Historic District, OR Jerome Historic District, AZ Lafitte's Blacksmith Shop, LA Leadvtlle Historic District, CO Lucy, the Margate Elephant, NJ Mount Lebanon Shaker Society, NY Natchitoches Historic District, LA Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village, ME Salem Tavern, NC Shakertown at Pleasant Hill, KY Silverton Historic District, CO

111-48 Single Brother's House, NC Telluride, CO Temple Square, UT Virginia City Historic District, MT Virginia City Historic District, NV Wyckoff House, NY Yucca Plantation, LA

Y. Rustic

XVII. LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

Boston Common, MA Boston Public Garden, MA Central Park, NY Lawrenceville School, NJ Middleton Place, SC Missouri Botanical Garden, MO Frederick Law Olmstead House, MA Riverside Historic District, IL

VIII. TECHNOLOGY (ENGINEERING AND INVENTION)

A. Measurement, Observation, and Control (Surveying, Cartography, etc.) Benjamin Banneker: SW-9 Intermediate Boundary Stone, VA Beginning Point of First Public Land Survey, OH Charles B. Dudley House, PA General Electric Research Laboratory, NY W. & L. E. Gurley Building, NY Leffingwell Camp Site, AK Volta Bureau, DC

B. Transportation Allegheny Portage Railroad of Pennsylvania Canal, PA Nathaniel Bowditch House, MA Brooklyn Bridge, NY Carrollton Viaduct, MD Casselman Bridge, MD Central of Georgia Railroad Shops and Terminal, GA Covington and Cincinnati Suspension Bridge, KY Drydock Number One, VA Eads Bridge, MO Erie Canal, NY Robert Fulton Birthplace, PA Grand Central Terminal, NY Harrisburg Station and Trainshed, PA Horseshoe Curve, PA Charles F. Kettering House, OH Lincoln Motor Company Plant, MI Main Street Station and Trainshed, VA Montgomery Union Station and Trainshed, AL Mount Royal Station and Trainshed, MD Nashville Union Station and Trainshed, TN

111-49 Old Blenheim Bridge, NY Old Lock Pump House, Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, MD Reading Terminal and Trainshed, PA S Bridge, National Road, PA Smithfield Street Bridge, PA Star of India, CA Wapama (Steam Schooner), CA Wheeling Suspension Bridge, WV

C. Energy Conversion, Utilization and Distribution Adams Power Plant Transformer House, NY Columbus Historic Riverfront Industrial District, GA Thomas A. Edison Birthplace, OH Espada Aqueduct, TX Experimental Breeder Reactor No. 1, ID Folsom Powerhouse, CA General Electric Research Laboratory, NY Great Falls of the Passaic/SUM Historic District, NJ Joseph Henry House, NJ Historic Augusta Canal and Industrial District, GA Hoover Dam, AZ & NV Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, NM Lowell Locks and Canals Historic District, MA Roosevelt Dam, AZ Elihu Thomson House, MA U.S.S. Nautilus, CT

D. Tools and Machines Charles F. Kettering House, OH Cyrus McCormick Farm and Workshop, VA Charles H. Norton House, CT Bobbins and Lawrence Armory and Machine Shop, VT Jethro Wood Home, NY

E. Military (Fortifications, Weapons, and War Vehicles) Alcatraz Island, CA Samuel Colt Home (Armsmear), CT Drydock Number One, VA Fort Adams, RI Fort Crown Point, NY Fort Hancock and Sandy Hook Proving Ground Historic District, NJ Fort Sam Houston, TX Fort Knox, ME Fort Mifflin, PA Fort Monroe, VA Fort Myer Historic District, VA Fort Warren, MA Fort Worden, WA Goddard Rocket Launching Site, MA Governor's Island, NY Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, NM Quarters A (U.S. Naval Facility), NY Quarters 1 (Fort Myer), VA

111-50 Springfield Armory, MA Trinity Site, NM U.S.S. Nautilus, CT

F, Extraction and Conversion of Industrial Raw Materials Edward G, Acheson House, PA E.W. Marland Mansion, OK Sloss Blast Furnaces, AL

G. Industrial Production Processes (Including Agriculture) Boston Manufacturing Company, MA Luther Burbank House, CA Carlsbad Reclamation Project, NM Coker Experimental Farms, SC Connecticut Agriculture Experiment Station, CT John Deere Home and Shop, IL Highland Park Ford Plant, MI Hoover Dam, AZ-NV Edward D. Libbey House, OH Cyrus McCormick Farm and Workshop, VA Peavy-Haglin Experimental Concrete Grain Elevator, MN John B. Tytus House, OH Jethro Wood Home, NY

H, Construction Main Street Station and Trainshed, VA Montgomery Union Station and Trainshed, AL Mount Royal Station and Trainshed, MD Nashville Union Station and Trainshed, TN Old Blenheim Bridge, NY Peavy-Haglin Experimental Concrete Grain Elevator, MN Potomac Canal Historic District, VA Reading Terminal and Trainshed, PA Roosevelt Dam, AZ S Bridge, National Road, OH Smithfield Street Bridge, PA Thomas Viaduct, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, MD Wainwright Building, MO Washington Aqueduct, DC Wheeling Suspension Bridge, WV

I, Information Processing, Transmission, and Recording Bell Telephone Laboratories, NY George Eastman House, NY The Factory, Speedwell Village, NJ Reginald A. Fessenden House, MA Samuel F.B. Morse Home, NY Volt a Bureau, DC

J, Earth and Space Exploration Apollo Mission Control Center, TX Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, FL Eight-Foot High Speed Tunnel, VA

111-51 Full-Scale Tunnel, VA Goddard Rocket Launching Site, MA Launch Complex 33, NM Leffingwell Camp Site, AK Lunar Landing Research Facility, VA Neutral Buoyancy Space Simulator, AL Pioneer Deep Space Station, CA Propulsion and Structural Test Facility, AL Redstone Test Stand, AL Rendezvous Docking Simulator, VA Rocket Engine Test Facility, OH Rocket Propulsion Test Complex, MS Rogers Dry Lake, CA Saturn V Dynamic Test Stand, AL Saturn V Space Vehicle, AL Spacecraft Magnetic Test Facility, MD Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility, OH Space Environment Simulation Laboratory, TX Space Flight Operations Facility, CA Space Launch Complex 10, CA Twenty-Five-Foot Space Simulator, CA Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel, CA Variable Density Tunnel, VA Zero-Gravity Research Facility, OH

K. Water and Sewerage Hoover Dam, AZ-NV Old Lock Pump House, Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, MD Old Mission Dam, CA Roosevelt Dam, AZ 1762 Waterworks, PA Shreveport Waterworks Pumping Station, LA Washington Aqueduct, DC

L. Fire, Safety, Sanitation, and Pollution Controls

XIX. LITERATURE

A. Poetry Stephen Vincent Benet House (Commandant's House), GA William Cullen Bryant Home, MA Cedarcroft, PA Connemara (Carl Sandburg Farm), NC Craigie-Longfellow House, MA E.E. Cummings House (Joy Farm), NH Emily Dickinson Home, MA Paul Lawrence Dunbar House, OH Ralph Waldo Emerson Home, MA Robert Frost (Homer Noble) Farm, VT Robert Frost Homestead, NH Frances Ellen Watkins Harper House, PA Vachel Lindsay Home, IL Claude McKay Residence, NY Joaquin Miller House, CA 111-52 Edgar Allan Poe House, MD Edgar Allan Poe House, PA James Hhitcomb Riley House, IN Edwin Arlington Robinson House, ME Steepletop (Edna St. Vincent Millay House), NY Wadsworth-Longfellow House, ME Walt Whitman House, NJ John Greenleaf Whittier Home, MA

B. Eiction

1. Novel Arrowhead (Herman Melville Home), MA Edward Bellamy House, MA Pearl S. Buck House, PA George W. Cable House, LA Wills Cather House, NE William Faulkner Home, MS F. Scott Fitzgerald House, MN Hamlin Garland House, WI Ellen Glasgow House, VA Ernest Hemingway House, FL Ernest Hemingway Cottage, MI Dubose Heyward House, SC Sinclair Lewis Boyhood Home, MN Jack London's Ranch, CA Claude McKay Residence, NY The Mount (Edith Wharton Estate), MA Frank Norris Cabin, CA Old Manse, MA Orchard House (Alcott House), MA Owl's Nest, NY The Parsonage, MA Red Top, MA Ripshin Farm, VA O.E. Rolvaag House, MN Upton Sinclair House, CA Spence's Point, VA Harriet Beecher Stowe House, ME Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) Boyhood Home, MO Mark Twain Home, CT General Lew Wallace Study, IN Wayside, MA Thomas Wolfe House, NC Woodlands, SC

2. Short Story Stephen Vincent Benet House (Commandant's House), GA George W. Cable House, LA Hamlin Garland House, WI Joel Chandler Harris House, GA Ernest Hemingway House, FL Ernest Hemingway Cottage, MI

111-53 Jack London's Ranch, CA Edgar Allan Poe House, MD Edgar Allan Poe House, PA Sunnyside, Washington Irving Home, NY Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) Boyhood Home, MO Mark Twain Home, CT

C. Non-Fiction Bancroft Ranch House, CA Pearl S. Buck Home, PA John Burroughs Riverby Study, NY Cedarcroft, PA Connemara, Carl Sandburg Farm, NC William E, DuBois Boyhood Home, MA Elmwood, MA Ralph Waldo Emerson Home, MA James Weldon Johnson Residence, NY H.L. Mencken House, MD Old Manse, HA Francis Parkman House, MA William H. Prescott House, MA Slabsides (John Burroughs Cabin), NY Sunnyside, Washington Irving Home, NY Walden Pond, MA Wayside, Henry Dernarest Lloyd Home, IL Noah Webster Birthplace, CT Westover, VA Woodchuck Lodge, NY

D. Journalism: Opinion and Criticism Robert S, Abbott House, IL William Cullen Bryant Home, MA Mary Ann Shad Cary House, DC William E. B, DuBois Boyhood Homesite, MA T. Thomas Fortune House, NJ Joel Chandler Harris House, GA H.L. Mencken House, MD Thomas Nast Home (Villa Fontana), NJ Thomas Paine Cottage, NY Edgar Allan Poe House, MD Edgar Allan Poe House, PA Red Top, MA Tampa Bay Hotel, FL Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) Boyhood Home, MO Mark Twain Home, CT Wayside, Henry Dernarest Lloyd Home, IL William Allen White House, KS Woodlands, SC

E. Newswriting and Reporting Robert S. Abbott House, IL

F. Supporting Institutions MacDowell Colony, NH

111-54 XX. THEATER

A. Playwriting MacDowell Colony, NH Monte Cristo Cottage, CT Tao House, CA

B. Performance

Paul Robeson Residence, NY

C. Directing

D. Staging

E. Producing F. Theater Buildings Fulton Opera House, PA Goldenrod (showboat), MO Walnut Street Theater, PA

G. Studios

H. Supporting Institutions (Benevolent Society and Awards System) MacDowell Colony, NH Players Club, NY

I. Theater for Radio and Television

J. Vaudeville and Burlesque

XXI. MOTION PICTURES

A. Cinematography

B. Editing

C. Sound Track

D. Acting

E. Design

F. Directing

G. Animation

H. Producing (Studios, Sets, Locations)

I. Film Product (Documentary, Western, Gangster, Epic, etc.)

J. Supporting Institutions ("Oscars", etc.) MacDowell Colony, NH

111-55 K. Movie Houses Fox Theatre, GA Paramount Theater, CA

XXII. MUSIC

A. Classical Musical Fund Society Hall, PA St. George's Episcopal Church, NY

B. Folk Will Marion Cook House, NY

C. Jazz Louis Armstrong House, NY Beale Street Historic District, TN Will Marion Cook House, NY Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington Residence, NY Mutual Musicians Association Bulding, MO

D. Popular Will Marion Cook House, NY Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington Residence, NY James Weldon Johnson Residence, NY Scott Joplin Residence, MO Florence Mills House, NY John Philip Sousa House, NY

E. Musical Theater Will Marion Cook House, NY Florence Mills House, NY John Philip Sousa House, NY

F. Opera

Dubose Heyward House, NY

G. Literature of Music

H. Music Publishing I. Instruments (Use and Development) John Philip Sousa House, NY

J. Forums (Halls and Auditoriums) Academy of Music, PA Carnegie Hall, NY Cincinnati Music Hall, OH Constitution Hall, DC Musical Fund Society Hall, PA

K. Performers (Soloists and Ensembles) Louis Armstrong House, NY Florence Mills House, NY

111-56 Paul Robeson Residence, NY St. George's Episcopal Church, NY John Philip Sousa House, NY

L. Supporting Institutions James Weldon Johnson Residence, NY MacDowell Colony, NH Mutual Musicians Association Building, MO

M. Musica 1 Education and Training

N. Music for Radio and Television

0. Recording

P. Composing MacDowell Colony, NH

XXIII. DANCE

A. Ballet

B. Modern Dance

C. Folk Dance

D. Popular Dance

E. Dancers (Soloists, Ensembles, Companies, and Troupes)

F. Choroeography

G. Theatrics (Design, Lighting, etc.)

H. Forums

I. Supporting Institutions

XXIV. PAINTING AND SCULPTURE

A. Early American Provincial Painting, 1676-1726

B. Baroque in America, 1720-1776 Charles Wilson Peale House, PA John Trumbull Birthplace, CT Benjamin West Birthplace, PA

C. Neoclassicism, 1780-1820 Clark Mills Studio, SC Gilbert Stuart Birthplace, RI Benjamin West Birthplace, PA

111-57 D. Romanticism Frederick E. Church House, NY Thomas Cole House, NY Chester Harding House, MA Thomas Moran House, NY William Sydney Mount House, NY Saint Gaudens Memorial, NH Thomas Sully Residence, PA Benjamin West Birthplace, PA

E. European Influences, 1876-1920

1. American Impressionism, 1876-1920

F. Realism, 1850-1926 George Caleb Bingham Home, MO Thomas Eakins House, PA Daniel Chester French Home & Studio, MA Winslow Homer Studio, ME Samuel F.B. Morse Home, NY Frederic Remlngton House, CT John Rogers Studio, CT Charles M. Russell Home & Studio, MT Lorado Taft Midway Studio, IE

Henry 0. Tanner House, PA

G. Historical Painting and Sculpture: Memory and Dreams, 1876-1908

H. The 20th Century, 1900-1930

1. The Eight, the Armory Show, the New Realism, 1900-1926

2. Art Colonies, 1915-1930 Ernest E. Blumenschein House, NM

Gari Melcher's Home, VA

3. Regionalism, 1915-1935

I. The Second Generation, 1920-

1. WPA, 1933-1935

2, Refugees from Europe, 1930s

J. World War II to the Present, 1939- K. Supporting Insitutions MacDowell Colony, NH Andrew Mellon Building, DC

XXV. PRINTS AND PHOTOGRAPHS

IIE-58 XXVI. DECORATIVE AND FOLK ART

XXVII. EDUCATION

A. Pre-School Education

1. Early Education, Its Conceptual Development

2. Objectives and Methods

B. Elementary, Intermediate, and Secondary Education

1. Development of the System Henry Barnard House, CT J.L.M. Curry House, AL University Hall, Brown University, RI Alexander Wade House, WV

2. Variant Patterns in the System

Alexander Wade House, WV

3. Effects of Technology

4. Population Change

5. Development of Equal Educational Opportunity J.L.M. Curry House, AL James H. Dillard House, LA Founders Hall, Girard College, PA Charlotte Forten Grirake House, DC Haskell Institute, KS General Oliver Otis Howard House, DC 6. Objectives, Curricula, Methodology, and Administration Maria Baldwin House, MA William H. McGuffey Boyhood Home Site, OH William H. McGuffey House, OH Orchard House (Alcott House), MA Zalmon Richards House, DC University Hall, Brown University, RI

C. Higher Education (Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools)

1. Primary Models Connecticut Hall, Yale University, CT Hampton Normal & Industrial Institute, VA Manassah Cutler Hall, OH Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University, MA Monticello, VA Morrill Hall, Cornell University, NY Justin S. Morrill Homestead, VT Old East, University of North Carolina, NC

111-59 Old Morrison, Transylvania College, KY Rotunda, University of Virginia, VA University of Virginia Historic District, VA Wren Building, VA

2. Objectives, Curricula, Admission Policies, Teaching Methods, Examinations J.L.M. Curry House, AL Lincoln Hall, Berea College, KY Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University, MA Morrill Hall, Cornell University, NY Ira Remsen House, MD Emma Willard House, VT

3. Social and Administrative Patterns General Oliver Otis Howard House, DC Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University, MA North Hall, University of Wisconsin, WI Oberlin College, OH Old East, University of North Carolina, NC Old Morrison, Transylvania College, KY Ira Remsen House, MD Tuskegee Institute, AL Emma Willard House, VT

4. Research, Graduate, Post-Graduate Studies, and Professional Studies Charles Richard Drew House, VA Daniel Coit Gilman Summer Home, ME Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University, MA Justin S. Morrill Homestead, VT George Peabody College for Teachers, TN Pennsylvania Academy of Pine Arts, PA Tapping Reeve House n Law School, CT Ira Remsen House, MD Dr. Daniel Hale Williams House, IL Carter G. Woodson House, DC

D. Specialized Education

1. Conceptional Development

2. Patterns of Organization

3. Gifted

4. Mentally Handicapped

5. Physically Handicapped Gallaudet College Historic District, DC Jacobs Hall Kentucky School for the Deaf, KY Volta Bureau, DC

6. Socially and Emotionally Disturbed

111-60 E. Adult Education

1. Conceptional Development Cooper Union, NY Lewis Miller Cottage, NY

2. Institutional Patterns Cooper Union, NY Lewis Miller Cottage, NY

F. Vocational Training

1. Conceptional Development

Joseph Henry House, NJ

2. Apprenticeships and Employee Training

G. Adjunct Educational Institutions

1. Museums, Archives, and Botanical Gardens American Antiquarian Society, MA American Philosophical Society Hall, PA Army Medical Museum, DC Arnold Arboretum, MA Baum-Taft House, OH Boston Athenaeum, MA Edison Institute (Greenfield Village & Henry Ford Museum), MI Massachusetts Historical Society, MA Andrew Mellon Building, DC Missouri Botanical Garden, MO J. Pierpont Morgan Library, NY New York Botanical Garden, NY Peabody Museum of Salem, MA Peale's Baltimore Museum, MD Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, PA Renwlck Gallery, DC Smithsonian Building, DC 2. Libraries American Antiquarian Society, MA Boston Athenaeum, MA Andrew Carnegie Mansion, NY Constitution Hall, DC Library of Congress, DC Massachusetts Historical Society, MA J. Pierpont Morgan Library, NY New York Public Library, NY Redwood Library, RI

3. Zoos Cincinnati Zoo Historic Structures, OH

111-61 4. Other Specialized Institutions Massachusetts Historical Society, MA Lewis Miller Cottage, NY Zalmon Richards House, DC

H, Special Populations

1. Aboriginal Populations Carlisle Indian School, PA Sequoyah's Cabin, OK Shawnee Mission, KS Wheelock Academy, OK

2. Ethnic Populations Mary McLeod Bethune Home, FL James H. Dillard House, LA Haskell Institute, KS Jubilee Hall, Fisk University, TN Lincoln Hall, Berea College, KY Robert R. Moton House (Holly Knoll), VA Oakland Memorial Chapel, MS Penn School Historic District, SC Virginia Randolph Cottage, VA St. Luke's Episcopal Church, DC Stone Hall, Atlanta University, GA Swayne Hall, Talladega College, AL Tuskegee Institute, AL Carter G. Woodson House, DC

3. Women's Education Oberlin College, OH Emma Willard House, VT

4. The Military Barracks, Virginia Military Institute, VA Original U.S. Naval War College, RI Quarters A, (U.S. Naval Facility), NY United States Military Academy, NY United States Naval Academy, MD

XXVIII. THE LAW

A. The Development of Principles in the Legal Specialties John Marshall House, VA Monti cello, VA Old Courthouse, DE Rhea County Courthouse, TN Joseph Story House, MA Daniel Webster Family Home, NH Daniel Webster Law Office and Library, MA Edward D. White House, LA Williamsburg Historic District, VA Wythe House, VA

111-62 B. The Court System John Marshall House, VA Joseph Story House, MA Supreme Court Building, DC

C. Law Schools, Offices, Journals, etc. John Mercer Langston House, OH Tapping Reeve House and Law School, CT Joseph Story House, MA Daniel Webster Family Home, NH Daniel Webster Law Office and Library, MA Williamsburg Historic District, VA Wythe House, VA

D. Scholars, Judges, and Lawyers Fort Smith, AR Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. House, MA Charles Evans Hughes House, DC John Jay House, NY John Marshall House, VA Tapping Reeve House and Law School, CT Joseph Story House, MA Edward D. White House, LA Williamsburg Historic District, VA Wythe House, VA

XXIX. INTELLECTUAL CURRENTS

A. Philosophical Schools of Thought Brook Farm, MA Ralph Waldo Emerson Home, MA Monticello, VA Montpelier, VA The Wayside, MA

B. Philosophers and Thinkers Ralph Waldo Emerson Home, MA Lemuel Haynes House, NY Monticello, VA Montpelier, VA Old Manse, MA Orchard House (Alcott House), MA Thorstein Veblen Farmstead, MN Walden Pond, MA The Wayside, MA

C. Ideologies and Interpretation of the Branches of Knowledge (History, Philosophy of History, Political Philosophy, etc.) Monticello, VA Montpelier, VA Francis Parkman House, MA William H. Prescott House, MA Joseph Priestley House, PA Thorstein Veblen Farmstead, MN

111-63 Wayside, Henry Demarest Lloyd Home, IL Carter G, Woodson House, DC

D, Fields of Philosophy (Aesthetics, Moral Philosophy, etc.) Lemuel Haynes House, MY King's Chapel, MA Monticello, VA

XXX. AMERICAN WAYS OF LIFE

A. Slavery and Plantation Life Franklin & Armfield Office, VA Isaac Franklin Plantation, TN Mount Vernon, VA Shirley, VA Stono River Slave Rebellion Site, SC Westover, VA Williamsburg Historic District, VA Yucca Plantation, LA

B. Farming Communities Boley Historic District, OK Las Trampas Historic District, NM

C. Industrial Towns Harrisville Historic District, NH Lowell Locks 4 Canals Historic District, MA Old Salem Historic District, NC Port Gamble Historic District, WA Pullman Historic District, IL

D. Urban Life New Market, PA Old Merchant's House, NY Tudor Place, DC Williamsburg Historic District, VA

E. Ethnic Communities (including Immigration) African Meeting House, MA Amana Colonies, IA Barrio de Analco Historic District, NM Bishop Hill Colony Historic District, IL Boley Historic District, OK Jackson Ward Historic District, VA Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim, SC Kawaiahao Church 4 Mission Houses, HI Las Trampas Historic District, NM Hesilla Plaza, NM I.T. Montgomery House, MS Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church, PA Nauvoo Historic District, IL Nicodemus Historic District, KS Old Quaker Meeting House, NY

111-64 Old Salem Historic District, NC Plum Street Temple, OH Russian Mission Orphanage, AK St. Michael's Cathedral, AK Shakertown at Pleasant Hill Historic District, KY Sweet Auburn Historic District, GA Temple Square, UT Villa Leuaro, NY Brigham Young House (Lion House), UT Yucca Plantation, LA

F. Industrial Wealth of the Last Half of 19th Century Biltraore Estate, NC James C. Flood Mansion, CA Jekyll Island Historic District, GA Ocean Drive Historic District, RI

G. Consumer Society of the 20th Century

H. Suburban Life

I. Domesticity and Family Life Mar-a-Lago, FL Tudor Place, DC Williamsburg Historic District, VA

J. Occupational and Economic Classes Mar-a-Lago, FL Mount Vernon, VA

XXXI. SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN MOVEMENTS

A. Communitarianism and Utopianism Amana Colonies, IA Brook Farm, MA Ephrata Cloister, PA Fruit lands, MA Hancock Shaker Village, MA Harmony Historic District, PA Mt. Lebanon Shaker Society, NY Nauvoo Historic District, IL New Harmony Historic District, IN Old Economy Historic District, PA Oneida Community Mansion House, NY Orchard House (Alcott House), MA Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village, ME Shakertown at Pleasant Hill Historic District, KY

B. Temperance and Prohibition Neal Dow House, ME John B. Gough House, MA Francis Ellen Watkins Harper House, PA

111-65 Carry A. Nation House, KS Andrew J. Volstead House, MN Frances Willard House, XL

C. Women's Rights Susan B, Anthony House, NY Margaret Fuller House, MA Frances Ellen Watkins Harper House, PA Samuel Gridley 6 Julia Ward Howe House, MA Kimberly Mansion, CT Liberty Farm, MA Oberlin College, OH Orchard House (Alcott House), MA Plymouth Church of the Pilgrims, NY Rankin Ranch, MT Sewall-Belmont House, DC Elizabeth Cady Stanton House, NJ Elizabeth Cady Stanton House, NY Mary Church Terrell House, DC Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged, NY Maggie L. Walker House, VA

D. Abolitionism African fleeting House, MA Mary Ann Shad Cary House, DC Levi Coffin Home, IN Faneuil Hall, MA First Church of Christ Congregation, CT William Lloyd Garrison House, MA Joshua Reed Giddings Lav; Office, OH Charlotte Forten Grimke House, DC Francis Ellen Watkins Harper House, PA Samuel Gridley and Julia Ward Howe House, MA Liberty Farm, MA Benjamin Lundy House, OH William C. Nell Residence, MA Orchard House (Alcott House), MA Plymouth Church of the Pilgrims, NY Denmark Vesey House, SC

E. Peace Movements American Peace Society, DC Carnegie Endowment for internation Peace, DC Huguenot Street Historic District, NY Hull House, IL Rankin Ranch, MT

F. Aiding the Handicapped and Mental Health Care Governor's Home, National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, ME Samuel Gridley and Julia Ward Howe House, MA Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital, PA Mills Building, South Carolina State Hospital, SC Pennsylvania Hospital, PA

II1-66 Volta Bureau, DC Warm Springs Historic District, CA

G. Prison Reform Alcatraz Island, CA Eastern State Penitentiary, PA Old New-Gate Prison, CT

H, Labor Organizations American Federation of Labor Building, DC Pietro and Maria Botto House, NJ Eugene Debs House, IN Samuel Gompers House, DC Terrence V, Powderly Elome, PA Spence's Point, VA

I. Farmers' Organizations Oliver H. Kelley Homestead, MN

J. Poverty Relief and Urban Social Reform Father Flanagan's Boys' Home, NE Henry Street Settlement & Neighborhood Playhouse, NY Hull House, IL I.T. Montgomery House, MS Nicodemus Historic District, KS North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, NC Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged, NY Tuskegee Institute, AL Maggie L. Walker House, VA

K. Emergency Aid and Health Care Clara Barton House, MD Charles Richard Drew House, VA Founder's Hall, Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, NY Henry Street Settlement & Neighborhood Playhouse, NY Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement, HI Pennsylvania Hospital, PA Red Cross (American National) Headquarters, DC United States Soldiers Home, DC

L. General Philanthropy Administration Building, Carnegie Institution, DC Daniel Carter Beard Boyhood Home, KY Andrew Carnegie Mansion, NY Paul Cuffe's Farm, MA Founder's Hall, Girard College, PA Juliette Gordon Low Birthplace, GA John D. Rockefeller Estate, NY

M. Civil Rights Movements Paul Cuffe's Farm, MA Dexter Avenue Baptist Church, AL William E, DuBois Boyhood Home, MA T. Thomas Fortune House, NJ

LL1-67 James Weldon Johnson Residence, NY Martin Luther King, Jr. Historic District, GA Little Rock Central High School, AR Manzanar War Relocation Camp, CA I.T. Montgomery House, MS Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church, PA New York Amsterdam News Building, NY Nicodemus Historic District, K.S St. Luke's Episcopal Church, DC Mary Church Terrell House, DC William Monroe Trotter House, MA Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged, NY Ida B. Wells-Barnett House, XL Whitney M. Young, Jr., Birthplace & Boyhood Home, K.Y

N. General and Radical Reform Norfolk County Courthouse, MA Count Rumford Birthplace, MA Upton Sinclair House, CA Spence's Point, VA

XXXII. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

A. Origin and Development of the Conservation Idea to 1870 George Perkins Marsh Boyhood Home, VT Old Mission Dam, CA Frederick Law Olmsted House, MA Walden Pond, MA

B. Formation of the Conservation Movement, 1870-1908

1. Fish, Wildlife, and Vegetation Preservation John Burrough's Riverby Study, NY Fur Seal Rookeries, AK Lake Merritt Wild Duck Refuge, CA C. Hart Merriam Base Camp Site, AZ Pelican Island national Wildlife Refuge, FL Seton Village, NM Slabsides, John Burroughs Cabin, NY

2. Origins of the National Parks Movement Stephen T. Mather Home, CT Frederick Law Olmsted House, MA

3. Game Protection Seton Village, NM

4. The Forest Service and Forest Preservation Adirondak Forest Preserve, NY Biltmore Estate, NC Franklin B. Hough House, NY J. Sterling Morton House, NE Gifford Pinchot Home, PA Wapiti Ranger Station, WY

111-68 5. Origins of Watershed and Water Conservation Honey Hollow Watershed, PA Senator Francis G. Newlands Home, NJ RooseveIt Dam, AZ

6. Water Purification and Sewage Treatment

7. Scenic Preservation John Burrough's Riverby Study, NY Niagara Reservation, NY Frederick Law Olmsted House, MA Palisades Interstate Park, NY Slabs ides, John Burroughs Cabin, NY

C. The Conservation Movement Matures, 1908-1941

1. Emergence of Federal Conservation Legislation

2. Birth of Wildlife Management

3. Fish and Wildlife Refuge System

Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, CA

4. Forest System Expands

5. Soil Conservation Movement Honey Hollow Watershed, PA 6. Origin and Development of the National Park Service

Stephen T. Mather Home, CT

7. Range and Forage Protection

8. Wilderness System

9. Public Health Through Pollution Control

10. The Great Depression and Conservation

XXXIII. HISTORIC PRESERVATION A. Formative Years, 1796-1858: The Destruction of Green Springs to the Saving of Mount Vernon and the Hasbrouck House, Patriotism and Preservation American Antiquarian Society, MA Washington' s Headquarters, NY

B. Regional Efforts: The South, 1860-1900

1. The South Looks to Government for Help

2. The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities

111-69 C. Regional Efforts: Mid-Atlantic Sttes, 1860-1900

1. Memorials to the Revolution Constitution Hall, DC

2. American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society - - A

Pattern for Private Action

D. Regional Efforts: New England, 1860-1900

1. Regionalism and Preservation

2. Private Historical Societies

3. Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities

E. Era of Battlefield Preservation, 1862-1917 F. Monticello: The Emergence of Architectural Interest in Preser­ vation, 1900-1926 — Antiquaries, Architects, and Museums Monticello, VA

G. Emergence of the Automobile and the Restoration of Williamsburg, 1919-1926 Edison Institute (Greenfield Village and Henry Ford Museum), MI Williamsburg Historic District, VA

H. The Federal Government Enters the Movement, 1884-1949

1. Battlefield Preservation

2. Archeological Preservation

3. The National Park Service and the New Deal

4. The National Trust

5. Growth in Professionalism and Technology

XXXIV. RECREATION

A. Sports

1. Olympics Eos Angeles Memorial Stadium, CA Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District, MO

2. Baseball Comiskey Park, IL (Determined Eligible) John Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson Residence, NY Wrigley Field, IL (Determined Eligible)

111-70 3. Football Grant Park Stadium (Soldier Field), IL Harvard Stadium, MA Hotel Breakers, OH Los Angeles Memorial Stadium, CA Rose Bowl, CA Yale Bowl, CT

A. Basketball Butler Fieldhouse, IN

5. Tennis Germantown (Manheim) Cricket Club, PA Merion Cricket Club, PA Newport Casino, RI

6. Cricket Germantown (Manheim) Cricket Club, PA Merion Cricket Club, PA

7. Squash Merion Cricket Club, PA

8. Rowing

Boat House Row, PA

B. Spectator Pastimes

1. Amusement Parks Kennywood Park, PA Play land Amusement Park, NY 2. Roller Coasters Kennywood Park, PA Looff Carousel and Roller Coaster on the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, CA Mission Beach Roller Coaster, CA Play land Amusement Park, NY

3. Carousels Broad Ripple Park (Children's Museum) Carousel, IN Crescent Park Looff Carousel, RI Flying Horse Carousel, RI Flying Horses Carousel, MA Highland Park Dentzel Carousel, MS Parker Carousel, KS Looff Carousel and Roller Coaster on the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, CA Philadelphia Toboggan Company Carousel #6, CO Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome, CA Spencer Park Dentzel Carousel, IN

111-71 4. Circuses Ringlingvilie, Ringling Brothers Circus Winter Quarters, WI Wallace Circus Winter Headquarters, IN

5. Zoos, Aquariums, and Planetariums Adler Planetarium, IL Cincinnati Zoo Historic Structures, OH Shedd Aquarium, IL

6. Worlds Fairs Balboa Park, CA Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society Building, NY Cincinnati Music Hall, OH Fair Park, TX Memorial Hall, PA San Francisco Civic Center, CA Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District, MO

7. Racing Churchill Downs, KY Historic Track, NY Indianapolis Motor Speedway, IN Keeneland, KY

8. Festivals and Pageants Atlantic City Convention Hall, NJ Rose Bowl, CA

9. Rodeos

101 Ranch Historic District, OK

C, General Recreation

1. Resort Hotels and Spas Hotel Breakers, OH Hotel del Coronado, CA Lake Mohonk Mountain House Complex, NY Mount Washington Hotel, NH Mission Inn, CA Tampa Bay Hotel, FL Timberline Lodge, OR West Baden Springs Hotel, IN 2. Resort Communities Bellevue Avenue Historic District, RI Cape May Historic District, NJ East End Historic District, TX Ocean Drive Historic District, RI Port Townsend, WA

3. Other Asilomar Conference Grounds, CA Boston Common, Mil

111-72 Boston Public Garden, MA Canfield Casino and Congress Park, NY Saratoga Spa State Park, NY

* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1987-186-490/60733

111-73