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5.4.5 Solid Waste Management

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5.4.5 Solid Waste Management The Study on Implementation of the BMA Subcenters Program in the Kingdom of Thailand (Case of Lat Krabang) Final Report 5.4.5 Solid Waste Management (1) Existing Solid Waste Management System The Lat Krabang district office of the BMA conducts the solid waste collection works for the district. The average daily collected volume is estimated at around 210 ton/day in 2001 – 2003. The district office has 38 collection vehicles of which 35 vehicles are in operation and the others are in maintenance. Fourteen vehicles carry out the collection works in the study area. As the operated vehicles have a total capacity of 136.5 ton, the average daily number of round trips to the On-nut transfer station is estimated at 1.6 trips. Table 5.35: Volume of Solid Waste Collected in the Lat Krabang District Year Population Collected Volume Unit Generation Rate (person) (ton/day) (kg/person/day) 2001 121,739 213 1.750 2002 126,792 206 1.625 2003 132,027 213 1.613 Source: Lat Krabang District office, BMA After the collected waste arrives at the On-nut transfer station it is then carried to the sanitary landfill site in the Bang Plee district of the Samut Prakan province. The transfer works are carried out by 40 trailers with a total capacity of 2,340 ton. The daily handling capacity of the transfer station is recorded at 3,103 – 3,599 ton/day in 2001 – 2004. The Public Cleansing Department (PCD) has been merged with the department responsible for green areas and parks to form one new department responsible for the environment. The former PCD had planned to shift the sanitary landfill site from the Bang Plee district to the Phanom Sarakham district, Chachangsao. The new landfill site is located 100 km east of the transfer station. It was opened in 2005 and has an area of 64 ha to serve a capacity of 3,500 ton/day of solid waste from the On-nut transfer station for a period of five years. Figure 5.51: Location Map of Transfer Station and Sanitary Landfill Sites (2) Outline Plan for Solid Waste Management The solid waste will be collected from a station in the study area and carried to the On-nut transfer station of the Lat Krabang district office under the BMA. The collected waste will then be transferred to the Tha Tan disposal site in Phanom Sarakham district, Chachangsao. NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. 5-72 The Study on Implementation of the BMA Subcenters Program in the Kingdom of Thailand (Case of Lat Krabang) Final Report As the life span of this disposal site is only five years, the BMA will be required to provide a new disposal site as a task for the solid waste management of the whole administrative area. (3) Solid Waste Generation Rate The solid waste generation rates by land use type are specified in the existing master plans of the national solid waste management plan and the master plan of solid waste management in the BMA area. The structure of the solid waste is also specified in those plans. Table 5.36: Solid Waste Generation Rate Specified in Existing Master Plans Land Use Unit Unit Rate Residential*1 kg/capita/day 1.000 Commercial*2 kg/capita/day 0.228 Office*2 kg/capita/day 0.251 Education*2 kg/capita/day 0.289 Industrial*2 kg/m2/day 0.058 Source: *1 – National Solid Waste Management Plan, 2003 *2 – The Study on Review and Master Plan of Solid Waste Management in the BMA area, 1999 Table 5.37: Structure of Solid Waste in Existing Master Plans Land Use Recycle Food Waste Hazardous General Total Waste Waste (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Residential*1 5.08 24.58 0.37 69.97 100.00 Commercial*1 45.99 25.96 0.20 27.85 100.00 Office*2 9.19 18.9 2.59 69.32 100.00 Source: *1- The Study on Review and Master Plan of Solid Waste Management in the BMA Area, 1999 *2- The Study on Enhancing the Efficiency of Solid Waste Management for District Office, 2000 Based on the standard generation rates, the solid waste generation rates are set at 1.000 kg/person/day for residential and 0.210 – 0.560 kg/person/day for the other land uses in the study area. Table 5.38: Solid Waste Generation Rates in the Study Area Land Use Solid Waste Generation Rate Note (kg/person/day) Residential 1.000 Residential Culture Town 0.240 Average Amount of Commercial and Office Trade & Distribution 0.560 Average Amount of Commercial and Industrial Hybrid Town Center 0.240 Average Amount of Commercial and Office RD&D & Enterprise 0.251 Office Public Facilities 0.251 Office Value Creation 0.289 Education NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. 5-73 The Study on Implementation of the BMA Subcenters Program in the Kingdom of Thailand (Case of Lat Krabang) Final Report Table 5.39: Structure of Solid Waste in the Study Area Land Use Recycle Food Haz. General Total Note Waste Waste Waste (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Residential/ Park & Green 5.08 24.58 0.37 69.97 100.00 Residential Areas Culture Town/ Trade & Avg. of Office Distribution/ Hybrid Town 27.59 22.43 1.395 48.585 100.00 and Commercial Center RD&D & Enterprise/ Public Facilities/Value 9.19 18.9 2.59 69.32 100.00 Office Creation (4) Estimate of Daily Generated Solid Waste The solid waste generated daily in 2035 is estimated at 197.9 ton/day. Based on the population ratio to the population in 2035, the solid waste generated daily is estimated at 63.9 ton/day and 104.0 ton/day in 2015 and 2025, respectively. Table 5.40: Estimate of Solid Waste Generated Daily in the Study Area (ton/day) Land Use 2015 2025 2035 Residential Others Total Residential-Low Rise 4.54 7.14 13.15 0.33 13.48 Residential-Middle-High Rise 28.27 44.33 82.40 1.29 83.69 Culture Town 7.80 12.25 22.60 0.54 23.14 Trade & Distribution 7.18 12.49 15.00 9.10 24.10 Hybrid Town Center 4.07 6.85 9.60 3.53 13.13 RD&D & Enterprise 11.80 20.43 25.13 14.24 39.37 Public Facilities 0.13 0.28 0.00 0.55 0.55 Value Creation 0.10 0.22 0.00 0.44 0.44 Total 63.89 103.99 167.88 30.03 197.91 The estimated volume of solid waste will mainly consist of general waste and food at 92.0% (or 183.0 ton/day) in total. Recycled material and hazardous wastes are estimated to have a share of 8.0% (or 15.0 ton/day). Table 5.41: Structure of Solid Waste in the Study Area in 2035 Land Use Hazardous General Recycle Food Total Waste Waste Residential-Low Rise 0.70 3.29 0.06 9.43 13.48 Residential-Middle-High Rise 4.30 20.50 0.34 58.55 83.69 Culture Town 1.30 5.68 0.09 16.08 23.14 Trade & Distribution 3.27 5.73 0.18 14.92 24.10 Hybrid Town Center 1.46 3.15 0.08 8.43 13.13 RD&D & Enterprise 2.59 8.87 0.46 27.46 39.37 Public Facilities 0.05 0.10 0.01 0.38 0.55 Value Creation 0.04 0.08 0.01 0.30 0.44 Total 13.71 47.41 1.24 135.55 197.91 NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. 5-74 The Study on Implementation of the BMA Subcenters Program in the Kingdom of Thailand (Case of Lat Krabang) Final Report (5) Type of Collection Vehicles The type of collection vehicles to be used will be consistent with the land use plan and will be based on the conditions listed below. 1) The type of existing collection vehicles shall be maintained after the development, because those vehicles are assumed to be suitable for the existing land use and road networks. 2) The type of collection vehicles in the regulatory controlled areas shall be the same as the existing vehicles, because the land use in those areas may be formulated in the same way as the existing developed areas. 3) The type of collection vehicles in the new development areas shall be vehicles with a relatively large capacity, because the planned road width is wider than the existing roads. 4) The weight of solid waste collected by the compactor and side-loaded trucks shall have the share same as in current practices at 55%. The containers shall collect the remaining 45% of the waste. 5) The type of collection vehicles shall be designed to comply with the productivity rates of 3 ton/worker/day and 10 ton/vehicle/day which are specified in the Master Plan of Solid Waste Management. The purchase cost shall be minimized through the proper selection of the collection vehicles. 6) Compactor trucks shall be used in the ordinary developed areas, while containers will be used for the special areas, such as commercial and industrial areas. Table 5.42: Collection Area by Type of Collection Vehicle Type of Vehicle Collection Area Compactor Truck - Residential area - Stations in the area where the station has a large capacity for multi-story Loaded Containers housing, commercial, industrial, and educational facilities. - Stations along wide roads which are accessed from narrow roads. The average daily collection capacity by type of collection vehicle is estimated based on the number of trips by traveling distance and collection time, as mentioned below.
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