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Invest in the Mediterranean Foreign Direct Investment Into MEDA in 2007 the Switch SURVEY N°1 / July 2008 Invest in the Mediterranean Foreign direct investment into MEDA in 2007 The switch MED-Alliance Foreign direct investment into MEDA in 2007: the switch Study N°1 July 2008 ANIMA Investment Network Pierre Henry/Samir Abdelkrim/ Bénédict de Saint-Laurent Foreign investment into the MEDA region in 2007 References This report was prepared by the ANIMA team within the framework of the Invest in Med contract. ANIMA Investment Network is a multi‐country platform supporting the economic development of the Mediterranean. The network gathers around 40 governmental agencies and international networks. The objective of ANIMA is to contribute to a better investment and business climate and to the growth of capital flows into the Mediterranean region. www.anima.coop ISBN 2‐915719‐34‐9 EAN 9782915719345 © ANIMA‐Invest in Med 2008. Reproduction prohibited without express authorisation. All rights reserved Authors Pierre Henry, Samir Abdelkrim, Bénédict de Saint‐Laurent (ANIMA) for the data‐gathering and the drafting. The economic intelligence team of AFII assisted ANIMA and our cordial thanks are especially due to Charlotte Danet, Dioline Dorvil, Fouad Hachani, Yann Letessier, Nadeschda Musshafen, Emmanuelle Rausch, Julie Veaute. The various MEDA Investment Promotion Agencies (IPA) and French economic missions abroad for the supply of certain information. ANIMA and its partners cannot be held responsible for the data provided. Any error or inaccuracy should be communicated to [email protected]. ANIMA is interested in getting your feedback, comments, further information and updates. 3 Foreign investment into the MEDA region in 2007 Acronyms ANIMA: Euro‐Mediterranean Network of Investment Promotion Agencies AFII: Invest in France Agency CEECs: Central and Eastern European Countries EU: European Union (EU‐25, but frequent differentiation of EU‐15 –“old” members‐ and EU‐12 – “new” members‐) FDI: Foreign Direct Investment GDP: Gross Domestic Product GNP: Gross National Product ICT: Information and Communication Technologies IPA: Investment Promotion Agency MEDA‐12: group of 12 partner countries of the EU: Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey (Malta and Cyprus are taken into account in the study, but joined the Union in 2004) MEDA‐10: the same without Malta and Cyprus MENA: Middle East ‐ North Africa = MEDA‐10 + Mauritania, Libya, Sudan, Gulf States + Yemen, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan (sometimes variable geometry) MIPO: Mediterranean Investment Project Observatory R&D: Research and Development SCSC: Software and Computing Services Company UNCTAD: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development WIR: World Investment Report (report by UNCTAD on foreign investment) WTO: World Trade Organisation 4 Foreign investment into the MEDA region in 2007 Contents FDI in MEDA, illustrating a shift in the global economic balance.8 1. Synopsis: more FDI projects than ever in 2007 .............................. 10 The new attractiveness of the Mediterranean................................................ 10 Consolidation in value in 2007, after 5 years of strong increase................. 11 Europe and the Gulf, 2 pillars of foreign investment in the Mediterranean..................................................................................................... 14 Europe is back .............................................................................................................14 What explains this new Mediterranean tropism? .................................................15 Reforms start paying off ............................................................................................17 Modes of establishment: mainly acquisitions................................................ 18 Leading sectors: real estate and energy ahead .............................................. 19 Too few investments with strong spillovers ..........................................................22 The prize list of the largest FDI projects ......................................................... 22 Conclusion: how can MEDA achieve a lasting attractiveness? .................. 24 2. Euro‐Med integration or Euro‐Med‐Gulf triangle?....................... 25 Context: Dubai plays the troublemaker in the Barcelona process.............. 25 The Euromed integration, a necessary condition, but one of many, of the takeoff of the MEDA region ....................................................................... 26 Presence of the Gulf in the Mediterranean: in search of economic rents or healthy contribution in new blood?............................................................ 28 Gulf and Europe dominate foreign investment flows in the Mediterranean ...28 Competing or complementary investment strategies?.........................................29 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 33 3. Sectoral analysis of FDI into MEDA................................................ 36 Boom of the equipment and processing industries ...................................... 36 2007 sectoral prize list ................................................................................................37 Reinforced concentration of FDI flows on some sectors.............................. 38 Sectoral distribution of 2003‐07 FDI projects .........................................................39 Relative constancy of the outperforming sectors .......................................... 40 Difficult digestion of the heaviest real estate investments ..................................40 Banking on the Mediterranean.................................................................................41 Tourism and telecoms await the next wave of FDI...............................................41 5 Foreign investment into the MEDA region in 2007 A very variable entry ticket depending on the sector .................................. 42 FDI, driving force for employment.................................................................. 44 Review by sector ................................................................................................. 46 Public works, real estate, transport, delegated services.......................................46 Tourism, catering........................................................................................................49 Distribution, retail ......................................................................................................50 Energy...........................................................................................................................52 Industries of materials ...............................................................................................54 Electric, electronic and medical equipment, electronic components, electronics ware...........................................................................................................57 Pharmaceutical industries and biotechnologies ....................................................58 Automotive, aeronautics, mechanics and machinery...........................................58 Services: Bank, insurance and other financial services.........................................62 Telecom & Internet operators ...................................................................................67 Data processing & software, Engineering & services to businesses...................68 Personal and domestic services, other services .....................................................71 4. Geography of foreign direct investments in MEDA..................... 72 The confirmed attractiveness of Machrek ...................................................... 72 Egypt and Turkey continue to fill the tank with FDI ................................... 73 Origin of the flows of FDI towards MEDA .................................................... 75 European investors back in the race................................................................ 75 Gulf investors set up camp ............................................................................... 76 Asian companies settle quietly......................................................................... 76 The intra‐MEDA integration process goes on ............................................... 78 Profile of the receiving countries for 2007 ...................................................... 79 Egypt: the Sphinx takes off! ......................................................................................79 Turkey, a new Euro‐Mediterranean tiger...............................................................80 Algeria eventually courted by foreign investors...................................................81 Israel: good economic records despite the decline in FDI....................................83 Jordan relies on Arab investors ................................................................................84 Syria: calling upon all people of goodwill..............................................................85 Lebanon: some projects gained in spite of the crisis.............................................87 Morocco: a determination which produces results...............................................88 Tunisia: immaterial investments and great property projects ............................90 The Libyan phoenix rises from its ashes.................................................................92 Malta,
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