DOCSLIB.ORG

Comprehensive Review of JICA's Assistance in Mindanao

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comprehensive Review of JICA's Assistance in Mindanao Comprehensive Review of JICA’s Assistance in Mindanao February 2021 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Oriental Consultants Global Co.,Ltd. IC Net Limited 1R JR 21-006 Comprehensive Review of JICA’s Assistance in Mindanao Contents APPENDIXES .....................................................................................................................3 FIGURES & TABLES ..........................................................................................................4 MAP ....................................................................................................................................6 ABBREVIATIONS ...............................................................................................................7 FOREWARD........................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER 1. SURVEY OVERVIEW..................................................................................10 1.1 Background and Purpose ............................................................................................................ 10 1.2 Study Method ................................................................................................................................ 11 1.3 Limitation of the Study ................................................................................................................. 17 CHAPTER 2. OVERVIEW OF THE MINDANAO PEACE PROCESS ..............................18 2.1 Background to and factors behind the Mindanao conflict ......................................................... 18 2.2 Transition of the peace process (Marcos administration - Duterte administration) .................. 20 2.3 Legislative Process over a Bangsamoro Basic Law and its implication under the Duterte administration .......................................................................................................................................... 40 CHAPTER 3. JAPAN’S MINDANAO ASSISTANCE POLICY...........................................46 3.1 Country Assistance Program for the Philippines and Mindanao ............................................... 46 3.2 Support for the Mindanao peace process ................................................................................... 48 CHAPTER 4. JICA’S MINDANAO ASSISTANCE TO DATE ............................................53 4.1 Overview of JICA’s Assistance for Mindanao ............................................................................. 53 4.2 Developments in the Peace Process and Results of Assistance ............................................... 56 4.3 JICA’s Assistance by Sector ........................................................................................................ 62 4.4 JICA’s Assistance by Geographic Area ....................................................................................... 65 CHAPTER 5. REVIEW OF JICA’S ASSISTANCE TO MINDANAO ..................................69 2 Comprehensive Review of JICA’s Assistance in Mindanao 5.1 Outcome Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 69 Economic Development (Infrastructure Development) ............................................................. 69 Economic Development (Agricultural Development)................................................................. 76 Economic Development (Industrial Development) .................................................................... 87 Enhancing Good Governance.................................................................................................. 93 Community Development ...................................................................................................... 106 5.2 Other Assistance which Generated Synergy with JICA’s Assistance for Mindanao ............... 122 Assistance of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) of Japan ............................................... 122 Security Activities .................................................................................................................. 125 Promotion for Dialogue in Mediating Peace (Consolidation for Peace) ................................... 127 Intensive Implementation of the “Grant Assistance for Grassroots Human Security” ............... 130 Japanese Grant Aid for Human Resource Development Scholarships.................................... 132 Synergies between Other Assistance and JICA’s Assistance for Mindanao ............................ 133 5.3 Facilitating and Inhibiting Factors for Achieving the Outcomes .............................................. 136 Facilitating Factors ................................................................................................................ 136 Inhibiting Factors ................................................................................................................... 139 CHAPTER 6. JICA’S CONTRIBUTION TO PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT IN MINDANAO ..................................................................................................................... 146 6.1 Economic Development ............................................................................................................. 146 6.2 Enhancing Good Governance .................................................................................................... 148 6.3 Community Development ........................................................................................................... 149 6.4 Synergies between JICA’s Assistance and Other Assistance .................................................. 151 CHAPTER 7. CONCLUSION AND LESSONS LEARNED ............................................. 153 7.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 153 7.2 Lessons Learned ........................................................................................................................ 156 Appendixes Appendix 1: Mindanao assistance by other development partners Appendix 2: Project narrative summaries 3 Comprehensive Review of JICA’s Assistance in Mindanao Figures & Tables Figure 1-1 Overview of Mindanao Support ................................................................................... 12 Figure 4-1 Number of Projects by Scheme and Implementing Agency (1990 - 2019) ................. 55 Figure 4-2 Number of Projects by Japanese Fiscal Year and Scheme (1990 - 2019) ................. 55 Figure 4-3 Number of Projects by Japanese Fiscal Year and Implementing Agency (1990 - 2019) ................................................................................................................................................... 55 Figure 4-4 Number of Projects by Year and Sector (1990-2019) ................................................. 65 Figure 4-5 Geographic Areas where JICA Operated the Projects (Except those for community development) ............................................................................................................................. 67 Figure 4-6 Geographic Areas where JICA Operated the Projects for Community Development 68 Figure 6-1 JICA’s Contribution to Economic Development ........................................................ 147 Figure 6-2 JICA's Contributions to Enhancing Good Governance ............................................. 149 Figure 6-3 JICA’s Contributions to Community Development .................................................... 150 Figure 6-4 Relationship between JICA's Assistance and Other Assistance Leading to “Peace and Development in Mindanao” ..................................................................................................... 152 Table 1-1 Analytical framework for each project ........................................................................... 13 Table 1-2 Target projects ................................................................................................................ 16 Table 2-1 Outline of the 1996 Final Pease Agreement (FPA)....................................................... 23 Table 2-2 Main contents of Bangsamoro Framework Agreement and Annexes (changes from Republic Act No. 9054) .............................................................................................................. 32 Table 2-3 Key differences in authority between the ARMM and the BARMM .............................. 43 Table 3-1 Japan’s ODA to the Philippines: Priority support areas ................................................ 48 Table 3-2 Support for Mindanao through the J-BIRD initiative ..................................................... 50 Table 4-1 List of Projects in JICA’s Assistance for Mindanao....................................................... 53 Table 4-2 Projects Launched between 1990 and 2002 ................................................................ 56 Table 4-3 Projects Launched between 2002 and 2006 ................................................................ 58 Table 4-4 Projects Launched between 2006 and 2011 ................................................................ 59 Table 4-5 Projects Launched after 2011 ....................................................................................... 61 Table 4-6 List of All of the Projects by Sector ............................................................................... 63 Table 5-1 Planning and Approaches at Project Level in Economic Development
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Understanding the Mindanao Conflict Pdf
    Understanding the mindanao conflict pdf Continue This article is about the post-colonial-era insurgency. For the rebels 1899-1913, see the conflict until 1899, see for a series of attacks over Sabah, see Moro attacks on Sabah. Moro conflictPart rebels in the Philippines, North Borneo dispute and international military intervention against ISIS Map of the Philippines are shown still the majority of Moro Muslim areas in MindanaoDate1969 - presentLocationMindanao, PhilippinesStatus Current (for jihadist rebels) Bangsamoro Transitional Administration (BTA) established in February 2019, to manage the autonomous region of Bangsamoro in Muslim Mindanao until 2022 and replace the Autonomous Region of Bangsamoro in Muslim Mindanao was officially ratified on February 22, 2019 year and replaced by the Autonomous Region in the Muslim mind Lions PhilippinesSPretent: United States (advisers) Australia 2 Indonesia 45 Malaysia (since 2001) International Monitoring Group (IMT) Brunei Indonesia Japan Libya/Libya Malaysia Norway European Union 1969-2014: Bangsamororo: MNLF (until 1996) : Libya (until 2006) :Jihadist groups: Abu Sayyaf[18][19] (1991–present) BIFF (2008–present) JI (2000–present) Ansar Khalifa Philippines (2014–present) Turaifie group (2017–present)[20] Former jihadist groups: Maute group (2013–2017)[21][22][23] KIM (2011–2013)[24] Rajah Sulaiman Movement (1991–unknown)[25][26]Commanders and leaders Ferdinand Marcos(1969–1986) Corazon Aquino(1986–1992) Fidel V. Ramos(1992–1998) Joseph Estrada(1998–2001) Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo(2001–2010) Benigno
    [Show full text]
  • July Dashboard
    JULY 2019 ISSUE NO. 60 MINDANAO DISPLACEMENT DASHBOARD Maguindanao. Country representative of UNHCR Philippines visited the IDPs in Talitay. @ UNHCR/ Tanghal DISPLACEMENT OVERVIEW DISPLACEMENT IN JULY In July 2019, a total number of 4,348 families (21,740 individuals) were displaced in Mindanao due to natural disaster (1,340 individuals) armed conflict (19,840 individuals), and clan feuds (560 individuals). Out of 21,740 individuals 4,348 displaced throughout the month, 16% (3,410 individuals) have returned to their Families homes by the end of July, leaving 84% (18,330 individuals) still displaced by the end of the reporting period. As of the 31st of July, a total number of 34,011 families (169,017 individuals) are 21,740 currently displaced in Mindanao. Those displaced can be classified into three Individuals main groups, depending on the length of displacement: Group A: 3,666 families (18,330 individuals) remain displaced out of 4,597 CIVILIAN CASUALTIES families displaced within the month; From January to July 2019 Group B: 1,415 families (6,697 individuals) remain displaced, and have been protractedly displaced for more than 30 days but less than 180 days; and 24 Persons dead Group C: 28,930 families (143,990 individuals) remain displaced and have been protractedly displaced for more than 180 days. Those classified under Group C are concentrated in five main areas: 31 Persons injured Zamboanga City: 653 families (3,544 individuals) still displaced due to Zamboanga siege in September 2013. LOCATIONS Lanao del Sur & Lanao del Norte: 26,276 families (131,380 individuals) still Breakdown of displaced individuals by region displaced due to Marawi siege in May 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Philippines: Marawi Armed-Conflict 3W (As of 18 April 2018)
    Philippines: Marawi Armed-Conflict 3W (as of 18 April 2018) CITY OF Misamis Number of Activities by Status, Cluster & Number of Agencies EL SALVADOR Oriental 138 7,082 ALUBIJID Agencies Activities INITAO Number of CAGAYAN DE CLUSTER Ongoing Planned Completed OPOL ORO CITY (Capital) organizations NAAWAN Number of activities by Municipality/City 1-10 11-50 51-100 101-500 501-1,256 P Cash 12 27 69 10 CCCM 0 0 ILIGAN CITY 571 3 Misamis LINAMON Occidental BACOLOD Coord. 1 0 14 3 KAUSWAGAN TAGOLOAN MATUNGAO MAIGO BALOI POONA KOLAMBUGAN PANTAR TAGOLOAN II Bukidnon PIAGAPO Educ. 32 32 236 11 KAPAI Lanao del Norte PANTAO SAGUIARAN TANGCAL RAGAT MUNAI MARAWI MAGSAYSAY DITSAAN- CITY BUBONG PIAGAPO RAMAIN TUBOD FSAL 23 27 571 53 MARANTAO LALA BUADIPOSO- BAROY BUNTONG MADALUM BALINDONG SALVADOR MULONDO MAGUING TUGAYA TARAKA Health 79 20 537 KAPATAGAN 30 MADAMBA BACOLOD- Lanao TAMPARAN KALAWI SAPAD Lake POONA BAYABAO GANASSI PUALAS BINIDAYAN LUMBACA- Logistics 0 0 3 1 NUNUNGAN MASIU LUMBA-BAYABAO SULTAN NAGA DIMAPORO BAYANG UNAYAN PAGAYAWAN LUMBAYANAGUE BUMBARAN TUBARAN Multi- CALANOGAS LUMBATAN cluster 7 1 146 32 SULTAN PICONG (SULTAN GUMANDER) BUTIG DUMALONDONG WAO MAROGONG Non-Food Items 1 0 221 MALABANG 36 BALABAGAN Nutrition 82 209 519 15 KAPATAGAN Protection 61 37 1,538 37 Maguindanao Shelter 4 4 99 North Cotabato 7 WASH 177 45 1,510 32 COTABATO CITY TOTAL 640 402 6,034 The boundaries, names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations Creation date: 18 April 2018 Sources: PSA
    [Show full text]
  • Polio: Expected Result of Low Priority Given to Basic Health Care
    Headline Polio: Expected result of low priority given to basic health care MediaTitle Manila Times(manilatimes.net) Date 30 Sep 2019 Section NEWS Order Rank 1 Language English Journalist N/A Frequency Daily Polio: Expected result of low priority given to basic health care NO new cases of polio were reported in the past week, but health authorities are monitoring a case in Cotabato City. A three-month-old infant with fever and paralysis in one leg was brought to hospital for treatment and tests. There is reason to fear additional cases of polio in Muslim Mindanao. Why? Because immunization rates in the region — now the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, or BARMM — are disturbingly low. In 2018, only 18 percent of children aged 12 to 23 months had received all basic vaccinations. The national figure is 69.9 percent. The World Bank in “Supply Side Readiness of Primary Health Care in [BARMM]” (2019) explains why. For instance, “fewer than five percent of the [Rural Health Units] had adequate refrigerator temperatures to stock vaccines on the day of the survey.” The World Bank also found that “one-third of the facilities did not have measles or pentavalent vaccines in stock, and oral polio vaccine (OPV) was available at fewer than half of the facilities.” Lack of trained personnel, electric power, running water, emergency transportation and communication equipment are common. It was noted that health services were given low priority by local government units — municipalities in BARMM spend about 1.5 percent of their total operating expenditure on health services, compared to the national average of 8.6 percent.
    [Show full text]
  • Children in Armed Conflict: Philippines
    CHILDREN IN ARMED CONFLICT: PHILIPPINES Processes and Lessons Learned | 2009-2017 Action Plan on the Recruitment and Use of Children in Armed Conflict United Nations and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front FOREWORD The successful implementation of the UN-MILF Action Plan was a significant milestone in the international community’s global commitment to fulfil the rights of children in situations of armed conflict. The eight-year implementation started in 2009 and ended in July 2017 with the disengagement of nearly 2000 children and the delisting of the MILF- BIAF from the annexes of the UN Secretary General’s Report. Reaching its completion was challenging and required tremendous effort by all involved. I am pleased to acknowledge the commitment of the Government of the Philippines and the MILF leadership toward ensuring compliance with the provisions of the Action Plan. Particular appreciation is also owed to the Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary General for Children and Armed Conflict for its oversight and guidance, and to the United Nations in the Philippines. We also recognize the large number of our civil society partners in Mindanao who worked tirelessly on the ground to achieve the results highlighted here. This report acknowledges their special contributions. This report is a valuable resource, locally and internationally, for understanding how to effectively implement a plan that has successfully stopped and now prevents recruitment and use of children by armed groups. However, while we celebrate this success, we must not forget that armed groups in Mindanao and many other locations around the world are still recruiting and using children in their struggles.
    [Show full text]
  • Jennie SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS of the ) (©Lltcf O( Tbf »I'trftarp REPUBLIC of the PHILIPPINES ) Third Regular Session ) *19 MAY 22 P6;20 SENATE P.S
    Jennie SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS OF THE ) (©lltcf o( tbf »i'trftarp REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES ) Third Regular Session ) *19 MAY 22 P6;20 SENATE P.S. Resolution No.l4 O 3 RECEIV'lu bv Introduced by Senator Richard J. Gordon RESOLUTION HONORING THE LATE GHAZALI JAAFAR, CHAIRPERSON OF THE BANGSAMORO TRANSITION COMMISSION, FOR HIS OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PURSUIT OF PEACE IN THE BANGSAMORO REGION WHEREAS, Ghadzali Jaafar was an outstanding Moro leader who dedicated his life to establish unity among the Bangsamoro people and champion the recognition of the justness and legitimacy of their cause of the Bangsamoro people; WHEREAS, Jaafar started his distinguished leadership while in high school, when he established a group that mobilized the students and out-of-school youth into activisim in Cotabato City and neighboring areas. He went on to become one of the most prominent figures in the historic establishment of the Bangsamoro region; WHEREAS, Jaafar was the first Vice-Chairman of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and was credited for steps in pursuance of peace in the Mindanao region. Under his leadership, the MILF started peace dialogues with the Philippine government starting 1997; WHEREAS, from 1996 to 1997, Jaafar served as the first Chairman of the MILF Negotiating Peace Panel who signed the general cessation of hostilities between the government and the MILF; WHEREAS, President Rodrigo R. Duterte appointed Jaafar as the Chairman of the Bangsamoro Transition Commission (BTC) that drafted the Bangsamoro Basic Law in 2017, which was later enacted as Republic Act No. 11054, creating the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) in 2018; WHEREAS, the realization of the BARMM was a result of Jaafar’s peace­ keeping efforts, earnest work and decades-old comprehensive peace negotiations with the Philippine government and the movement; WHEREAS, he contributed in the campaign for R.A.
    [Show full text]
  • April 2019 Dashboard Draft 190607
    APRIL 2019 ISSUE NO. 57 MINDANAO DISPLACEMENT DASHBOARD Maguinadanao. Displaced families receiving core relief items including plastics tarps, blankets and kitchen sets. @ UNHCR/ Kulat DISPLACEMENT OVERVIEW DISPLACEMENT IN APRIL In April 2019, a total number of 1,080 families (4,619 individuals) were displaced in Mindanao due to armed conflict (1,969 individuals), clan feuds (712 individuals), and crimes and violence (1,938 individuals). Out of 4,619 1,080 individuals displaced throughout the month, 96% have returned to their Families homes at the end of April, leaving 4% (200 individuals) still displaced at the end of the reporting period. As of the 30th of April, a total number of 27,143 families (132,586 4,619 individuals) are currently displaced in Mindanao. Those displaced can be Individuals classified into three main groups, depending on the length of displacement: CIVILIAN CASUALTIES Since January to April 2019 Group A: 60 families (200 individuals) remain displaced out of 1,080 families in the course of April; 9 Persons dead Group B: 11,040 families (53,836 individuals) remain protractedly displaced for more than 30 but less than 180 days; and Group C: 16,043 families (78,550 individuals) remain protractedly 13 displaced for more than 180 days. Those classified under Group C are Persons injured concentrated in four main areas: LOCATIONS Lanao Del Sur & Lanao Del Nortre: 14,012 families (68,378 individuals) Breakdown of displaced individuals by region still displaced due to Marwari siege in May 2017. Northern Mindanao: 1,243 families (6,261 individuals) still displaced due to Severe Thunder Storm Vinta (Temblin)in December 2017 72,101 individuals 54% BARMM BARMM Zamboanga City: 546 families (2,724 individuals) still displaced due to 40% 52,819 individuals REGION 10 REGION 10 Zamboanga siege in 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Income Classification Per DOF Order No. 23-08, Dated July 29, 2008 MUNICIPALITIES Classification NCR 1
    Income Classification Per DOF Order No. 23-08, dated July 29, 2008 MUNICIPALITIES Classification NCR 1. Pateros 1st CAR ABRA 1 Baay-Licuan 5th 2 Bangued 1st 3 Boliney 5th 4 Bucay 5th 5 Bucloc 6th 6 Daguioman 5th 7 Danglas 5th 8 Dolores 5th 9 La Paz 5th 10 Lacub 5th 11 Lagangilang 5th 12 Lagayan 5th 13 Langiden 5th 14 Luba 5th 15 Malibcong 5th 16 Manabo 5th 17 Penarrubia 6th 18 Pidigan 5th 19 Pilar 5th 20 Sallapadan 5th 21 San Isidro 5th 22 San Juan 5th 23 San Quintin 5th 24 Tayum 5th 25 Tineg 2nd 26 Tubo 4th 27 Villaviciosa 5th APAYAO 1 Calanasan 1st 2 Conner 2nd 3 Flora 3rd 4 Kabugao 1st 5 Luna 2nd 6 Pudtol 4th 7 Sta. Marcela 4th BENGUET 1. Atok 4th 2. Bakun 3rd 3. Bokod 4th 4. Buguias 3rd 5. Itogon 1st 6. Kabayan 4th 7. Kapangan 4th 8. Kibungan 4th 9. La Trinidad 1st 10. Mankayan 1st 11. Sablan 5th 12. Tuba 1st blgf/ltod/updated 1 of 30 updated 4-27-16 Income Classification Per DOF Order No. 23-08, dated July 29, 2008 13. Tublay 5th IFUGAO 1 Aguinaldo 2nd 2 Alfonso Lista 3rd 3 Asipulo 5th 4 Banaue 4th 5 Hingyon 5th 6 Hungduan 4th 7 Kiangan 4th 8 Lagawe 4th 9 Lamut 4th 10 Mayoyao 4th 11 Tinoc 4th KALINGA 1. Balbalan 3rd 2. Lubuagan 4th 3. Pasil 5th 4. Pinukpuk 1st 5. Rizal 4th 6. Tanudan 4th 7. Tinglayan 4th MOUNTAIN PROVINCE 1. Barlig 5th 2. Bauko 4th 3. Besao 5th 4.
    [Show full text]
  • D:\Working Folder\Bantay Ceasef
    BANTAY CEASEFIRE Mindanao Grassroots Ceasefire Review and Assessment January 6-12 & 18-19, 2003 Cotabato, Maguindanao, Lanao & Sultan Kudarat CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 4 COTABATO 10 LANAO 17 MAGUINDANAO 25 SULTAN KUDARAT 31 LOBBY MISSION IN MANILA 34 C O N V E N O R S : Consortium of Bangsamoro Civil Society Mindanao Peace Advocates Conference Initiatives for International Dialogue Mindanao Coalition of Development NGOs Sumpay-Mindanao Balay Balik-Kalipay Mindanao Peoples Peace Movement LAFFCOD, Inc. Muslim Multi-sectoral Movement for Peace and Development Maranao Peoples Development Center United Youth of the Philippines Pikit Parish Freedom from Debt Coalition FOR MORE INFORMATION: Mindanao Peoples’ Caucus (MPC) Secretariat Telefax: (63) (82) 2992052 Tel: (63) (82) 2992574 to 75 E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION From January 6-12 & 18-19, 2003 the “Bantay Ceasefire” led an investigative mission into Maguindanao, Lanao, Sultan Kudarat and Cotabato. The mission was prompted by, first, the reported violations of the ceasefire in these areas; and second, the apparent failure of the GRP-MILF peace talks to develop an effective monitoring mechanism for the ceasefire. The success of future peace talks rests largely on mutual confidence and trust between the two parties to observe previous agreements. Thus, a secure environment is a pre-requisite for the impending questions of development, ancestral domain and a politically negotiated settlement. A secure environment is also essential to the thousands that live,
    [Show full text]
  • The Philippines: Back to the Table, Warily, in Mindanao
    Update Briefing Asia Briefing N°119 Jakarta/Brussels, 24 March 2011 The Philippines: Back to the Table, Warily, in Mindanao its founding is also used as ammunition by critics to argue I. OVERVIEW against any plan that would result in an expansion of its powers or territorial reach. Peace talks between the Philippine government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) are back on track, The Aquino government has not made its negotiating with one round of talks in Kuala Lumpur in February stance public, but it seems to accept in principle the idea 2011 and another scheduled for late April. The obstacles of a sub-state as long as its territory is contiguous; the de- to achieving a final peace are huge, but the administration tails will be the hard part. It also understands the need for of President Benigno S. “Noynoy” Aquino III has at least consultations with and buy-in from potential opponents brought some fresh air to the process. A new government and is determined to avoid the pitfalls that led to the 2008 peace panel seems determined to find a way out of a ne- breakdown of negotiations. gotiator’s nightmare: multiple parties engaged in parallel and sometimes contradictory talks; powerful potential The talks would be difficult enough if this were all the spoilers; and ethnic divisions, feuding clans and divergent negotiators had to contend with, but there are other com- political interests among the Bangsamoro – the Muslims plications. Government unhappiness with the Malaysian of Mindanao and the Sulu archipelago – that make unity facilitator, Datuk Othman Abdul Razak, delayed resump- within the MILF’s own constituency elusive.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Clans and Violence in the Southern Philippines
    Peter Kreuzer Political Clans and Violence in the Southern Philippines PRIF Report No. 71 Peace Research Institute Frankfurt (PRIF) 2005 Correspondence to: PRIF x Leimenrode 29 x 60322 Frankfurt am Main x Germany Telephone: +49 (0)69 95 91 04-0 x Fax: +49 (0)69 55 84 81 E-mail: [email protected] x Internet: http://www.prif.org Translation: Catherine Mulder, Crowthorne (UK) ISBN: 3-937829-15-6 Euro 10,-- Summary Since 1972, a Muslim guerrilla has been waging a civil war in the southern Philippines, which has proved to be remarkably resistant to all attempts of peace. Still, under martial law, an initial agreement between the state and the guerrilla was reached, which aimed to put a stop to the violence, but which, so far, has not been realised. Following the return of the Philippines to democracy, there have been many attempts at peace, which, in 1996, resulted in a peace treaty with the largest of the guerrilla organi- sations, the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF). The leading cadres of the “victori- ous” MNLF became part of the political mainstream, and some of the troops were inte- grated into the armed forces and police. The hitherto marginal Moro Islamic Liberation Front took over from the MNLF. In the following years, the violence escalated, finding its preliminary highpoints in several military offensives in 2000 and 2003. In addition to the growing violence between the MILF guerrillas and the state, the first years of the new millennium saw the gradual driv- ing out of the MNLF cadres from their political positions, the majority of which have now been reoccupied by the traditional political elite.
    [Show full text]
  • Reflections on the Gph – Milf Peace Process
    BEYOND THE PEACE TABLES: REFLECTIONS ON THE GPH – MILF PEACE PROCESS 1 This book is dedicated to the family of Dato’ Tengku Abdul Ghafar, who miss him dearly and are immensely proud of the work he has done and the contribution he has made for the establishment of peace in the Philippines. May this be an inspiration for his grandchildren. May he be granted Jannah Al-Firdaus. Author Dato’ Tengku Ab Ghafar Bin Tengku Muhammad Edited by Tengku Ab Kabir Shahpur Karen Simbulan Laurens Visser Cover Design Tengku Shahriar Layout by Boonruang Song-ngam Photographs Iona Jalijali Published by The Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies Siem Reap, Cambodia 2 ‘I would like to pay tribute to Dato’ Tengku Abdul Ghafar, who sadly passed away last week, after playing a key role as the facilitator in the Bangsamoro Peace Process. Dato’ Tengku Abdul Ghafar was an exemplary peacemaker and an inspiration to all working for peace in ASEAN and the UN.’ - Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon, 8th ASEAN-UN Summit (7th September, 2016). 3 4 FOREWORD My father passed away on a September morning at our family home at the age of 68; he was the most generous and kindest man I have ever known. He was born in 1948 during a time when Malaysia was under colonial rule; he was from a northern part of the country and due to the conflict and the eventual assimilation of the state into Thailand, his mother and his eleven siblings were forced to move to Kelantan where they lived an impoverished life.
    [Show full text]