Enduring Wars
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Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Southern Philippines: a Discourse on Self-Determination, Political Autonomy, and Conflict Resolution
Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Southern Philippines: A Discourse on Self-Determination, Political Autonomy, and Conflict Resolution Jamail A. Kamlian Professor of History at Mindanao State University- ILigan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT), ILigan City, Philippines ABSTRACT Filipina kini menghadapi masalah serius terkait populasi mioniritas agama dan etnis. Bangsa Moro yang merupakan salah satu etnis minoritas telah lama berjuang untuk mendapatkan hak untuk self-determination. Perjuangan mereka dilancarkan dalam berbagai bentuk, mulai dari parlemen hingga perjuangan bersenjata dengan tuntutan otonomi politik atau negara Islam teroisah. Pemberontakan etnis ini telah mengakar dalam sejarah panjang penindasan sejak era kolonial. Jika pemberontakan yang kini masih berlangsung itu tidak segera teratasi, keamanan nasional Filipina dapat dipastikan terancam. Tulisan ini memaparkan latar belakang historis dan demografis gerakan pemisahan diri yang dilancarkan Bangsa Moro. Setelah memahami latar belakang konflik, mekanisme resolusi konflik lantas diajukan dalam tulisan ini. Kata-Kata Kunci: Bangsa Moro, latar belakang sejarah, ekonomi politik, resolusi konflik. The Philippines is now seriously confronted with problems related to their ethnic and religious minority populations. The Bangsamoro (Muslim Filipinos) people, one of these minority groups, have been struggling for their right to self-determination. Their struggle has taken several forms ranging from parliamentary to armed struggle with a major demand of a regional political autonomy or separate Islamic State. The Bangsamoro rebellion is a deep- rooted problem with strong historical underpinnings that can be traced as far back as the colonial era. It has persisted up to the present and may continue to persist as well as threaten the national security of the Republic of the Philippines unless appropriate solutions can be put in place and accepted by the various stakeholders of peace and development. -
Emindanao Library an Annotated Bibliography (Preliminary Edition)
eMindanao Library An Annotated Bibliography (Preliminary Edition) Published online by Center for Philippine Studies University of Hawai’i at Mānoa Honolulu, Hawaii July 25, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface iii I. Articles/Books 1 II. Bibliographies 236 III. Videos/Images 240 IV. Websites 242 V. Others (Interviews/biographies/dictionaries) 248 PREFACE This project is part of eMindanao Library, an electronic, digitized collection of materials being established by the Center for Philippine Studies, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. At present, this annotated bibliography is a work in progress envisioned to be published online in full, with its own internal search mechanism. The list is drawn from web-based resources, mostly articles and a few books that are available or published on the internet. Some of them are born-digital with no known analog equivalent. Later, the bibliography will include printed materials such as books and journal articles, and other textual materials, images and audio-visual items. eMindanao will play host as a depository of such materials in digital form in a dedicated website. Please note that some resources listed here may have links that are “broken” at the time users search for them online. They may have been discontinued for some reason, hence are not accessible any longer. Materials are broadly categorized into the following: Articles/Books Bibliographies Videos/Images Websites, and Others (Interviews/ Biographies/ Dictionaries) Updated: July 25, 2014 Notes: This annotated bibliography has been originally published at http://www.hawaii.edu/cps/emindanao.html, and re-posted at http://www.emindanao.com. All Rights Reserved. For comments and feedbacks, write to: Center for Philippine Studies University of Hawai’i at Mānoa 1890 East-West Road, Moore 416 Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Email: [email protected] Phone: (808) 956-6086 Fax: (808) 956-2682 Suggested format for citation of this resource: Center for Philippine Studies, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa. -
Rice Suitability Map Province of Lanao Del
123°50' 124°0' 124°10' 124°20' 124°30' 124°40' 124°50' 8°20' 8°20' Province of Misamis Oriental R E P U B L I C O F T H E P H I L I P P I N E S D E P A R T M E N T O F A G R I C U LT U R E BUREAU OF SOIL S AND WATER M ANAGEMENT I l i g a n B a y Elliptical Road Cor. Visayas Ave., Diliman, Quezon City RICE SUITABILITY MAP ( Key Rice Areas ) PROVINCE OF LANAO DEL SUR ° SCALE 1:135,000 8°10' 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8°10' Province of Lanao del Norte Kilometers Projection : Transverse Mercator Datum : Luzon 1911 LEGEND DISCLAIMER : All political boundaries are not authoritative SUITABILITY LIMITING FACTORS AREA DESCRIPTION RATING Moderate Marginal Severe ha % S1 Highly Suitable - - - 544 2.14 S2d d - - 3,710 14.60 S2d S2df S2df d,f - - 10,445 41.10 S2df S2dxf Kapai S2d S2dx d,x - - 897 3.53 S2df S2d S2dxf Moderately Suitable d,x,f - - 1,905 7.50 S2f f - - 1,058 4.16 S2d S2x x - - 1,072 4.22 S2df S2xf x,f - - 3,837 15.10 Saguiaran S3x d x - 467 1.84 Marginally Suitable S2df S3x d,f x - 1,478 5.81 TOTAL. 25,414 100.00 Province of Bukidnon S2df MARAWI S2dx 8°0' Note: Piagapo Highly Suitable (S1) - with none to slight limitations for any given use. -
Marawi Rebuilding from Ashes to a City of Faith, Hope and Peace
MARAWI REBUILDING FROM ASHES TO A CITY OF FAITH, HOPE AND PEACE MARAWI REBUILDING FROM ASHES TO A CITY OF FAITH, HOPE AND PEACE 1 Marawi: Rebuilding from Ashes to a City of Faith, Hope, and Peace Listening Methodology Development: Soth Plai Ngarm Listening Project Implementation (Training, Processing) Team: Betchak Padilla Mary Schletzbaum Writer/Editor: Tengku Shahpur Cover photo & Inside Photos: Acram Latiph, Field researchers (Listeners) Lay-out: Boonruang Song-Ngam Copy Editor: Lakshmi Jacota Publisher: Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies Funding: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) ISBN: 2 Acknowledgements The Centre for Peace and Conflict Studies (CPCS) is grateful to Dansalan College, Mindanao State University and Institute Bangsamoro Studies who have provided invaluable assistance throughout the project. We could not have done this without you. We are especially grateful to all the individuals who volunteered to be listeners. We appreciate the time, energy, enthusiasm and empathy that you demonstrated throughout the process, and your willingness to travel to remote areas. We are especially grateful for the courage you displayed by revisiting the areas where the siege took place and speaking to survivors. Thank you. We would also like to express our heartfelt gratitude to the survivors of the siege who were willing to share their experiences, knowledge and hopes for the future. Thank you for your candor, bravery, and strength and for entrusting us with your voices. Lastly, we would like to thank the Department of Foreign -
Individuals and Organisations
Designated individuals and organisations Listed below are all individuals and organisations currently designated in New Zealand as terrorist entities under the provisions of the Terrorism Suppression Act 2002. It includes those listed with the United Nations (UN), pursuant to relevant Security Council Resolutions, at the time of the enactment of the Terrorism Suppression Act 2002 and which were automatically designated as terrorist entities within New Zealand by virtue of the Acts transitional provisions, and those subsequently added by virtue of Section 22 of the Act. The list currently comprises 7 parts: 1. A list of individuals belonging to or associated with the Taliban By family name: • A • B,C,D,E • F, G, H, I, J • K, L • M • N, O, P, Q • R, S • T, U, V • W, X, Y, Z 2. A list of organisations belonging to or associated with the Taliban 3. A list of individuals belonging to or associated with ISIL (Daesh) and Al-Qaida By family name: • A • B • C, D, E • F, G, H • I, J, K, L • M, N, O, P • Q, R, S, T • U, V, W, X, Y, Z 4. A list of organisations belonging to or associated with ISIL (Daesh) and Al-Qaida 5. A list of entities where the designations have been deleted or consolidated • Individuals • Entities 6. A list of entities where the designation is pursuant to UNSCR 1373 1 7. A list of entities where the designation was pursuant to UNSCR 1373 but has since expired or been revoked Several identifiers are used throughout to categorise the information provided. -
Forced Displacement in Al-Barka Municipality, Basilan Province
Forced Displacement in Al-Barka Municipality, Basilan Province UNHCR exists to protect and assist everyone who has been affected by forced displacement in Mindanao. To coordinate assistance to IDPs, we use a cluster approach. UNHCR works closely with the government and Mindanao Humanitarian Team to identify needs of IDPs in areas of assistance, such as shelter, health care, and protection. We assume a coordination and operational delivery role in IDP situations to ensure protection is central to our work in order to prevent further displacement. IDPPAR no. 08, Issue no. 01, 2021 | August 2021 DATE OF DISPLACEMENT: TIME OF DISPLACEMENT: GPS COORDINATES (If available): 03/08/2021 04:25pm N/A BARANGAY: MUNICIPALITY: PROVINCE: Kuhon Lennuh Al-Barka Basilan ☒ TYPE OF DISPLACEMENT: New ☐ Recurrent | Please refer to issue # REASON FOR ☒ ☐ NATURAL DISASTER ☐ ARMED CONFLICT VIOLENCE DISPLACEMENT Please specify: Crime & violence Issue No. 08 Update No. 01 Date of assessment: August 4-5, 2021 {{ INCIDENT BACKGROUND INCIDENT KEY FIGURES On 3 August 2021, the personal bodyguard of the Local Chief Executive was shot dead in Brgy. Kuhon Lennuh in Al-Barka municipality for unknown reason. The incident caused the displacement of around 400 families (approximately 2,000 individuals), fearing for possible escalation as they believe that the relatives of the killed person might retaliate. The displaced families sought temporary refuge in the homes of their relatives and they are currently dispersed in the nearby areas of Tipo- Families Persons Missing tipo, Ungkaya Pukan, and Lamitan City. 400 2,000 0 CURRENT SITUATION On 5 August 2021, The Municipal Social Welfare Officer of Al-Barka Municipality conducted an assessment on the protection needs of the affected populations. -
Philippines Zamboanga and Basilan Emergency Situation Report No
Philippines: Zamboanga and Basilan Emergency Situation Report No. 10 (as of 30 October 2013) This report is produced by OCHA Philippines in collaboration with humanitarian partners. It was issued by OCHA Philippines. It covers the period from 23 to 29 October 2013. The next report will be issued on or around 5 November. Highlights Local government allows residents of Rio Hondo and Mariki to briefly return home to gather belongings. Congestion, WASH, health and protection remain serious concerns in evacuation centres. First city inter-cluster coordination convened on 25 October by Zamboanga’s relief and humanitarian action coordinator. 137,000 78,409 1,243 Estimated affected People displaced in People displaced in people in Zamboanga Basilan Zamboanga city and Basilan province Source: Department of Social Welfare and Development Report No. 97 / Protection Cluster Assessment Report No. 21 Situation Overview Seven weeks since the emergency began on 9 September, 78,409 people remain displaced in Zamboanga City (40,347 inside 22 evacuation centres and 38,062 outside) while 1,243 people are displaced in Basilan province according to the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) and the Protection Cluster. DSWD is currently revalidating the number of displaced people in Zamboanga and data may continue to fluctuate during the process. Tracking the displaced population poses challenges, as people who left the evacuation centres during the flooding in early October have since returned to seek assistance. Humanitarian partners in Basilan reported people displaced by the conflict are now returning home. Most areas of Zamboanga City are accessible for humanitarian relief operations. Residents of Barangay Santa Catalina (barangay is the lowest administrative unit in the Philippines) were allowed to return home to collect their remaining belongings and salvage scrap metal from their homes to sell in order to supplement their income. -
From Bullets to Ballots in Muslim Mindanao: the New Challenge of Democratic Politics Zachary Abuza
Perspective & Analysis Focus Asia No. 11 November 2014 From Bullets to Ballots in Muslim Mindanao: The New Challenge of Democratic Politics Zachary Abuza The establishment of the United Bangsamoro Jus- tice Party by the Moro Islamic Liberation Front is a key step to ending the four-decade-long insurgency in Mindanao in the southern Philippines. Zachary Abuza analyzes the context behind the party’s estab- lishment as well as its likely composition, agenda, and leadership. But while a welcome development, the author cautions that many uncertainties, includ- ing the existence of potential spoilers, threaten to un- dermine the nascent rooting of democratic politics in the region. n April 2014, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front viewed democracy as both anathema to an Islamic state (MILF) established the United Bangsamoro Jus- that would be fully governed by the Sharia, but also as tice Party (UBJP), a key step in transforming the a manifestation of what they were fighting against— Iarmed secessionist group into a legitimate and legal a corrupt regime that was colonizing and persecuting political actor and ending the more than forty-year in- Muslims in the name of democracy. However, the surgency in Mindanao in the southern Philippines, a MILF has become far less ideological following the conflict which has killed more than 120,000 people. death of the movement’s founder Salamat Hashim in As Mohagher Iqbal, the MILF’s chief negotiator in 2003 and the acceptance of autonomy over outright the peace talks with the Philippine government, put independence. -
'Battle of Marawi': Death and Destruction in the Philippines
‘THE BATTLE OF MARAWI’ DEATH AND DESTRUCTION IN THE PHILIPPINES Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2017 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover photo: Military trucks drive past destroyed buildings and a mosque in what was the main battle (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. area in Marawi, 25 October 2017, days after the government declared fighting over. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode © Ted Aljibe/AFP/Getty Images For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2017 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: ASA 35/7427/2017 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS MAP 4 1. INTRODUCTION 5 2. METHODOLOGY 10 3. BACKGROUND 11 4. UNLAWFUL KILLINGS BY MILITANTS 13 5. HOSTAGE-TAKING BY MILITANTS 16 6. ILL-TREATMENT BY GOVERNMENT FORCES 18 7. ‘TRAPPED’ CIVILIANS 21 8. LOOTING BY ALL PARTIES TO THE CONFLICT 23 9. -
Maritime Security Challenges in Southeast Asia: Analysis of International and Regional Legal Frameworks
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 1954-2016 University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2016 Maritime Security Challenges in Southeast Asia: Analysis of International and Regional Legal Frameworks Ahmad Almaududy Amri University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Amri, Ahmad Almaududy, Maritime Security Challenges in Southeast Asia: Analysis of International and Regional Legal Frameworks, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Law, University of Wollongong, 2016. -
The Bangsamoro Outlook on the Millennium Development Goals
The Bangsamoro outlook on the Millennium Development Goals By JOLLY S. LAIS Summary his report tackles the poverty situation of Mindanao, Philippines, in relation to the Millen- nium Development Goals (MDGs) with specifi c focus on the Moro (Muslim) population, T especially in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. However, the Mindanao situation is a very complex situation and there is a need to present the historical factors and underly- ing issues surrounding how Mindanao and the Moros in particular became so poor and neglected in spite of the fact that it is the fi rst nation in this part of the archipelago. Data from independent and previous studies are presented in this report which point out that poverty in Mindanao is higher when compared to the national level. It is also a fact that the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) has the highest rate of poverty incidence in the country. Winning the Numbers, Losing the War: The Other MDG Report 2010 145 Mindanao situation Mindanao is the center of the Moro struggle for the Mindanao is the second largest island in the coun- right to self-determination – a people’s struggle to end try at 94,630 square kilometers, and is the eighth most inequality and poverty. Dozens of legislated land grants populous island in the world. The island of Mindanao were given to settlers from Luzon and the Visayas, from is larger than 125 countries worldwide, including the the American period up to the late seventies. These Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hun- deliberate land grants dramatically systematized the gary, Taiwan and Ireland. -
Republic of the Philippines Bangsamoro Autonomous Region
1 Republic of the Philippines 2 Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao 3 BANGSAMORO TRANSITION AUTHORITY 4 Cotabato City 5 6 7 8 BTA Parliament Bill No. ________ 9 10 11 Introduced by : <<Name>> 12 13 14 AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE BANGSAMORO ADMINISTRATIVE 15 CODE AND FOR OTHER RELATED PURPOSES 16 17 18 BE IT ENACTED by the Bangsamoro Transition Authority in Parliament 19 assembled, as follows: 20 21 22 INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS 23 24 Sec. 1. Title. - This Act shall be known and cited as the “Bangsamoro 25 Administrative Code.” 26 27 Sec. 2. Purpose. – This Code is promulgated to prescribe the structural, 28 functional and procedural principles and rules of governance of the Bangsamoro 29 Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao during the period of transition, and shall 30 remain effective until the regular Bangsamoro Government amends or repeals the 31 same. 32 33 Sec. 3. Declaration of Principles and Policies. – The Bangsamoro 34 Government hereby declares the following principles and policies as the basic 35 foundation of the Code: 36 37 a. The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao is an 38 autonomous region with asymmetrical relationship with the Republic of 39 the Philippines and with a parliamentary form of government. Its political 40 system is democratic that allows its people to freely participate in the 41 political processes within its territorial jurisdiction;1 42 b. The Bangsamoro Government recognizes and protects the customs and 43 traditions, beliefs, and cultures of its indigenous inhabitants. The right of 1 See Sec. 3, Art. IV, BOL 1 1 indigenous peoples to a just and equal treatment shall be protected.