Maritime Security Challenges in Southeast Asia: Analysis of International and Regional Legal Frameworks
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UNODC, Synthetic Drugs in East and Southeast Asia
Synthetic Drugs in East and Southeast Asia Latest developments and challenges May 2020 Global SMART Programme Copyright © 2020, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the Global Synthetic Monitoring: Analyses, Reporting and Trends (SMART) Programme, Laboratory and Scientific Section with the support of the UNODC Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Supervision, direction and review Justice Tettey, Chief, Laboratory and Scientific Section Jeremy Douglas, Regional Representative, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Research and drafting Martin Raithelhuber, Illicit Synthetic Drugs Expert Tun Nay Soe, Inter-regional Programme Coordinator Inshik Sim, Drug Programme Analyst, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Joey Yang Yi Tan, Junior Professional Officer in Drug Research Graphic design and layout Akara Umapornsakula, Graphic Designer Administrative support Jatupat Buasipreeda, Programme Assistant The present report also benefited from the expertise and valuable contributions of UNODC colleagues in the Laboratory and Scientific Section and the Regional Office for Southeast Asia and the Pacific, including Tsegahiwot Abebe Belachew, Rebecca Miller, Reiner Pungs, and John Wojcik. Disclaimer This report has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNODC or the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
FULLTEXT01.Pdf
http://www.diva-portal.org This is the published version of a paper published in . Citation for the original published paper (version of record): Eklöf Amirell, S. (2020) The making of the “Malay pirate” in early modern European thought Humanities, 9(3): 1-14 https://doi.org/10.3390/h9030091 Access to the published version may require subscription. N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-101229 humanities Article The Making of the “Malay Pirate” in Early Modern European Thought Stefan Eklöf Amirell Centre for Concurrences in Colonial and Postcolonial Studies, Linnaeus University, SE-351 95 Växjö, Sweden; [email protected] Received: 20 May 2020; Accepted: 11 August 2020; Published: 24 August 2020 Abstract: This article traces the long historical background of the nineteenth-century European notion of the Malay as a human “race” with an inherent addiction to piracy. For most of the early modern period, European observers of the Malay Archipelago associated the Malays with the people and diaspora of the Sultanate of Melaka, who were seen as commercially and culturally accomplished. This image changed in the course of the eighteenth century. First, the European understanding of the Malay was expanded to encompass most of the indigenous population of maritime Southeast Asia. Second, more negative assessments gained influence after the mid-eighteenth century, and the Malays were increasingly associated with piracy, treachery, and rapaciousness. In part, the change was due to the rise in maritime raiding on the part of certain indigenous seafaring peoples of Southeast Asia combined with increasing European commercial interests in Southeast Asia, but it was also part of a generally more negative view in Europe of non-settled and non-agricultural populations. -
“Malay Pirate” in Early Modern European Thought
humanities Article The Making of the “Malay Pirate” in Early Modern European Thought Stefan Eklöf Amirell Centre for Concurrences in Colonial and Postcolonial Studies, Linnaeus University, SE-351 95 Växjö, Sweden; [email protected] Received: 20 May 2020; Accepted: 11 August 2020; Published: 24 August 2020 Abstract: This article traces the long historical background of the nineteenth-century European notion of the Malay as a human “race” with an inherent addiction to piracy. For most of the early modern period, European observers of the Malay Archipelago associated the Malays with the people and diaspora of the Sultanate of Melaka, who were seen as commercially and culturally accomplished. This image changed in the course of the eighteenth century. First, the European understanding of the Malay was expanded to encompass most of the indigenous population of maritime Southeast Asia. Second, more negative assessments gained influence after the mid-eighteenth century, and the Malays were increasingly associated with piracy, treachery, and rapaciousness. In part, the change was due to the rise in maritime raiding on the part of certain indigenous seafaring peoples of Southeast Asia combined with increasing European commercial interests in Southeast Asia, but it was also part of a generally more negative view in Europe of non-settled and non-agricultural populations. This development preceded the notion of the Malays as one of humanity’s principle races, which emerged toward the end of the eighteenth century. The idea that Malays were natural pirates also paved the way for several brutal colonial anti-piracy campaigns in the Malay Archipelago during the nineteenth century. -
Individuals and Organisations
Designated individuals and organisations Listed below are all individuals and organisations currently designated in New Zealand as terrorist entities under the provisions of the Terrorism Suppression Act 2002. It includes those listed with the United Nations (UN), pursuant to relevant Security Council Resolutions, at the time of the enactment of the Terrorism Suppression Act 2002 and which were automatically designated as terrorist entities within New Zealand by virtue of the Acts transitional provisions, and those subsequently added by virtue of Section 22 of the Act. The list currently comprises 7 parts: 1. A list of individuals belonging to or associated with the Taliban By family name: • A • B,C,D,E • F, G, H, I, J • K, L • M • N, O, P, Q • R, S • T, U, V • W, X, Y, Z 2. A list of organisations belonging to or associated with the Taliban 3. A list of individuals belonging to or associated with ISIL (Daesh) and Al-Qaida By family name: • A • B • C, D, E • F, G, H • I, J, K, L • M, N, O, P • Q, R, S, T • U, V, W, X, Y, Z 4. A list of organisations belonging to or associated with ISIL (Daesh) and Al-Qaida 5. A list of entities where the designations have been deleted or consolidated • Individuals • Entities 6. A list of entities where the designation is pursuant to UNSCR 1373 1 7. A list of entities where the designation was pursuant to UNSCR 1373 but has since expired or been revoked Several identifiers are used throughout to categorise the information provided. -
The Amorphous Nature of Coastal Polities in Insular Southeast Asia: Restricted Centres, Extended Peripheries Pierre-Yves Manguin
The Amorphous Nature of Coastal Polities in Insular Southeast Asia: Restricted Centres, Extended Peripheries Pierre-Yves Manguin To cite this version: Pierre-Yves Manguin. The Amorphous Nature of Coastal Polities in Insular Southeast Asia: Restricted Centres, Extended Peripheries. Moussons : recherches en sciences humaines sur l’Asie du Sud-Est, Presses universitaires de Provence, 2014, Recherche en sciences humaines sur l’Asie du Sud-Est, pp.73- 99. 10.4000/moussons.2699. halshs-02516998 HAL Id: halshs-02516998 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02516998 Submitted on 24 Mar 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Moussons Recherche en sciences humaines sur l’Asie du Sud-Est 5 | 2002 Recherche en sciences humaines sur l'Asie du Sud-Est The Amorphous Nature of Coastal Polities in Insular Southeast Asia: Restricted Centres, Extended Peripheries La nature informe des systèmes politiques de l’Asie du sud-est insulaire : centres restreints, périphéries étendues Pierre-Yves Manguin Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/moussons/2699 DOI: 10.4000/moussons.2699 ISSN: 2262-8363 Publisher Presses Universitaires de Provence Printed version Date of publication: 1 July 2002 Number of pages: 73-99 ISBN: 2-7449-0415-5 ISSN: 1620-3224 Electronic reference Pierre-Yves Manguin, « The Amorphous Nature of Coastal Polities in Insular Southeast Asia: Restricted Centres, Extended Peripheries », Moussons [Online], 5 | 2002, Online since 19 June 2014, connection on 20 April 2019. -
Part One Waterscapes
Part One Waterscapes Heather Sutherland - 9789004254015 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 06:01:07AM via free access Heather Sutherland - 9789004254015 Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 06:01:07AM via free access HEATHER SUTHERLAND Geography as destiny? The role of water in Southeast Asian history Standard historical narratives usually contain iconic images, epitomizing their central themes. In Indonesian history, one such emblematic scene is said to have occurred in the port-city of Makassar, South Sulawesi (Celebes), in the first half of the seventeenth century. A representative of the Verenigde Oost- Indische Compagnie (VOC, Dutch East India Company) confronted the lead- ers of the twin kingdom of Goa-Tallo’, lords of this thriving east Indonesian entrepôt, and demanded that non-Dutch access to Moluccan spices be curbed. Each time the Company official pressed his case, the ruler responded with variations of the same statement: ‘God has made the earth and the sea, and has divided the earth among men and made the sea common to all’. This exchange symbolizes both the crucial role of oceans and trade in Southeast Asian history, and the conflict between indigenous and European interests and perceptions. This fundamental difference was not rooted in Asian maritime or commercial incapacity, but reflects rather the more aggressive attitudes of the European powers, which in turn derived from the dynamics of their history. Charles Tilly (990) has argued that the burgeoning states of early modern Europe were driven by the competitive pressures of ‘coercion and capital’, as the accumulation of wealth and power formed a mutually reinforcing spiral. -
Environment, Trade and Society in Southeast Asia
Environment, Trade and Society in Southeast Asia <UN> Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde Edited by Rosemarijn Hoefte (kitlv, Leiden) Henk Schulte Nordholt (kitlv, Leiden) Editorial Board Michael Laffan (Princeton University) Adrian Vickers (Sydney University) Anna Tsing (University of California Santa Cruz) VOLUME 300 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vki <UN> Environment, Trade and Society in Southeast Asia A Longue Durée Perspective Edited by David Henley Henk Schulte Nordholt LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN> This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-NC 3.0) License, which permits any non-commercial use, distri- bution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The realization of this publication was made possible by the support of kitlv (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies). Cover illustration: Kampong Magetan by J.D. van Herwerden, 1868 (detail, property of kitlv). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Environment, trade and society in Southeast Asia : a longue durée perspective / edited by David Henley, Henk Schulte Nordholt. pages cm. -- (Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde ; volume 300) Papers originally presented at a conference in honor of Peter Boomgaard held August 2011 and organized by Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-28804-1 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-28805-8 (e-book) 1. Southeast Asia--History--Congresses. 2. Southeast Asia--Civilization--Congresses. -
Chapter 1: Sino-Malay Interaction in the First Millenium AD
Chapter 1 S ino -M alay INTERACTION IN THE FIRST MILLENNIUM AD Since the late first millennium BC, the Malay region has played a pivotal role in the international maritime economy that encompasses maritime Southeast Asia, the South China Sea region, and the Indian Ocean littoral. This role has been as much the result of the region’s strategic location in maritime Asia as the geographical and demographic characteristics of the region’s islands. Unlike land-based polities, which have inter- nal economies based on agrarian hinterlands that enabled them to be self-sufficient, the islands of the Malay region have throughout history maintained two distinct types of societies—coastal societies and upland social groups. The polities of the Malay coastal region did not extend very far inland. The islands’ mountainous interiors have been occu- pied by groups who were ethnically and even linguistically distinct from the coastal societies.1 Although the coastal and inland groups interacted with each other economically, the prosperity and political stability of the coastal groups were determined mainly by their ability to capitalize on the international maritime trade that flowed through the region. The ports of the Malay region participated in the international trade in three ways. The first was by acting as an entrepôt in the trade between the Indian Ocean, the South China Sea, and island Southeast Asia. From the middle of the first millennium AD onward, the port-settlements along the Strait of Malacca and the northeastern parts of the Java Sea were able to capitalize on the region’s geographical advantages, under the leadership of a succession of port-polities that were able to project themselves as the key entrepôt in different eras. -
Don't Make Us Choose: Southeast Asia in the Throes of US-China Rivalry
THE NEW GEOPOLITICS OCTOBER 2019 ASIA DON’T MAKE US CHOOSE Southeast Asia in the throes of US-China rivalry JONATHAN STROMSETH DON’T MAKE US CHOOSE Southeast Asia in the throes of US-China rivalry JONATHAN STROMSETH EXECUTIVE SUMMARY U.S.-China rivalry has intensified significantly in Southeast Asia over the past year. This report chronicles the unfolding drama as it stretched across the major Asian summits in late 2018, the Second Belt and Road Forum in April 2019, the Shangri-La Dialogue in May-June, and the 34th summit of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in August. Focusing especially on geoeconomic aspects of U.S.-China competition, the report investigates the contending strategic visions of Washington and Beijing and closely examines the region’s response. In particular, it examines regional reactions to the Trump administration’s Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) strategy. FOIP singles out China for pursuing regional hegemony, says Beijing is leveraging “predatory economics” to coerce other nations, and poses a clear choice between “free” and “repressive” visions of world order in the Indo-Pacific region. China also presents a binary choice to Southeast Asia and almost certainly aims to create a sphere of influence through economic statecraft and military modernization. Many Southeast Asians are deeply worried about this possibility. Yet, what they are currently talking about isn’t China’s rising influence in the region, which they see as an inexorable trend that needs to be managed carefully, but the hard-edged rhetoric of the Trump administration that is casting the perception of a choice, even if that may not be the intent. -
INDO 92 0 1319755155 59 96.Pdf (1006.Kb)
"The Single Most Astonishing Fact of Human Geography": Indonesia's Far W est Colony Ann Kumar The title of this paper is taken from the following paragraph by Jared Diamond: These Austronesians, with their Austronesian language and modified Austronesian culture, were already established on Madagascar by the time it was first visited by Europeans, in 1500. This strikes me as the single most astonishing fact of human geography for the entire world. It's as if Columbus, on reaching Cuba, had found it occupied by blue-eyed, blond-haired Scandinavians speaking a language close to Swedish, even though the nearby North American continent was inhabited by Native Americans speaking Amerindian languages. How on earth could prehistoric people from Borneo, presumably voyaging on boats without maps or compasses, end up in Madagascar?1 Though he regards the presence of these "prehistoric people from Borneo" on the isolated island of Madagascar as the most astonishing fact of human geography, Diamond does not, to his credit, dismiss it as impossible: he recognizes the strength of the evidence. Not only do Madagascans look astonishingly like Indonesians, they also speak a language that derives from Borneo (Kalimantan). This paper surveys the long series of studies that established this linguistic relationship and deals with a number of different types of evidence not examined by Diamond. It is hoped that this will answer 1 Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs, and Steel: A Short History of Everybody for the Last 13,000 Years (London: Vintage, 1998), p. 381. Indonesia 92 (October 2011) 60 Ann Kumar his "how on earth" question, and it may be possible to answer the "why on earth" question as well. -
Enduring Wars
CONFLICT ALERT 2020 Enduring Wars Peace is within our power About Conflict Alert Conflict Alert is a subnational conflict monitoring system that tracks the incidence, causes, and human costs of violent conflict in the Philippines. It aims to shape policymaking, development strategies, and peacebuilding approaches by providing relevant, robust, and reliable conflict data. Conflict Alert was developed and is run by the Philippines Programme of International Alert, an independent peacebuilding organization. www.conflictalert.info About International Alert International Alert helps find peaceful solutions to conflict. We are one of the world’s leading peacebuilding organizations with nearly 30 years of experience laying the foundations for peace. We work with local people around the world to help them build peace, and we advise governments, organizations, and companies on how to support peace. We focus on issues that influence peace, including governance, economics, gender relations, social development, climate change, and the role of business and international organizations in high-risk places. www.international-alert.org This project receives funding from The World Bank Group and the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Australian Government. The opinions expressed in this report are solely those of International Alert and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of our donors. © International Alert 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted -
Updated Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 © 2021 by the National Economic and Development Authority
Updated Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 © 2021 by the National Economic and Development Authority All rights reserved. Any part of this publication may be used and reproduced, provided proper acknowledgement is made. Updated Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 Published by: National Economic and Development Authority 12 St. Josemaria Escriva Drive, Ortigas Center, Pasig City 1605 Philippines Telephone: (+632) 8631 0945 to 56 Email: [email protected] Website: www.neda.gov.ph ISSN: 2243-7576 Printed in the Philippines Table of Contents Foreword xii Preface xiv Part I Introduction Chapter 1 Overview 3 Chapter 2 Global and Regional Trends and Prospects 18 Chapter 3 Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends, and 32 Physical Characteristics Chapter 4 Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 Overall Framework 51 Part II Building a High-trust Society (“Malasakit”) Chapter 5 Ensuring Responsive, People-centered, Technology-enabled, and 64 Clean Governance Chapter 6 Pursuing Swift, Fair, and Humane Administration of Justice 79 Chapter 7 Promoting Philippine Culture and Values towards Bayanihan 89 Part III Transforming Towards Equity and Resiliency (“Pagbabago”) Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries 102 and Ensuring Food Security Chapter 9A Expanding Economic Opportunities in Industry 119 Chapter 9B Expanding Economic Opportunities in Services 136 Chapter 9C Expanding Access to Economic Opportunities in I&S for 148 Startups, MSMEs, and Cooperatives Chapter 10 Human Capital Development Towards