07.Infrastrutture Verdi, Blu E Miste

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07.Infrastrutture Verdi, Blu E Miste Infrastrutture verdi, blu 07.e miste Roberto Mascarucci Infrastrutture e innovazione strategica Se siamo convinti (come io lo sono) che la ri- ne socioeconomica, allora bisogna inevita- nascita delle città, dopo la loro apparente cri- bilmente “ri-strutturare”, ovvero intervenire si, debba inevitabilmente passare attraverso attraverso programmi d’azione che modifi- interventi strategici capaci di incidere sulla chino sostanzialmente l’originario impianto loro struttura fisica, allora il tema del ridise- di strutturazione dell’insediamento stabile gno dell’assetto infrastrutturale diventa non della comunità sociale sul suo territorio di solo ineludibile, ma urgente e prioritario. pertinenza. Nel corso dei secoli l’offerta dei servizi al ter- D’altra parte la stessa definizione normati- ritorio si è andata progressivamente localiz- va di “ristrutturazione urbanistica” (Art. 3, zando sulla rete infrastrutturale, perché è lì Comma 1, Lettera “f” del DPR 380/2001 “Testo che ha sempre trovato le migliori condizio- unico delle disposizioni legislative e regolamenta- ni di efficienza funzionale. La dislocazione ri in materia edilizia”) contempla operazioni delle “dotazioni territoriali” ha seguito le volte a “sostituire l’esistente tessuto urba- infrastrutture, creando “effetto urbano” lad- nistico-edilizio con altro diverso, mediante dove le loro connessioni e interconnessioni un insieme sistematico di interventi edilizi, si sono rivelate più forti. Ma oggi questa pro- anche con la modificazione del disegno dei pensione localizzativa non coincide più solo lotti, degli isolati e della rete stradale”. ed esclusivamente con la città tradizionale Alcune recenti operazioni di re-filling ur- (“luogo ristretto e specializzato nella fornitu- bano, dunque, non hanno alcuna valenza ra dei servizi”), che è stata di fatto superata strategica, dal momento che non reinter- da una nuova condizione urbana diffusa (“si- pretano la struttura originaria della città, stema di luoghi che fornisce servizi lungo le ma si limitano a modificare le destinazioni direttrici della mobilità”). Dall’iniziale fase d’uso di alcune sue specifiche porzioni, che di “strutturazione” del territorio (creazione hanno perduto nel tempo la loro funzione, e consolidamento della rete dei percorsi), il sostituendole con altre che (per varie moti- processo evolutivo dell’insediamento uma- vazioni) incontrano maggiori convenienze no è passato attraverso le successive fasi di di mercato, senza ridefinire le convenienze “urbanizzazione” (concentrazione spaziale localizzative in base a nuove visioni strategi- delle funzioni urbane), “contro-urbanizza- che di tipo spaziale. zione” (espansione e diffusione del sistema Invece, le proposte urbanistiche veramente insediativo) e “recupero urbano” (riqualifica- capaci di attivare nuove strategie di sviluppo zione e riuso dell’impianto spaziale origina- devono (per definizione) modificare le con- rio), senza mai intervenire con decisione sul- venienze localizzative, operando sostanzial- la modifica della rete infrastrutturale. Ma, se mente su: (i) una nuova accessibilità delle si vuole che la progettazione urbanistica sia aree all’interno dei rinnovati modi di utiliz- capace di introdurre nuovi e positivi stimoli zare il territorio; (ii) una riorganizzazione all’evoluzione spontanea dell’organizzazio- delle funzioni urbane in ragione della nuova 628 | URBANISTICA INFORMAZIONI - special issue domanda di dotazioni territoriali; (iii) un ri- References Through the river disegno urbanistico delle porzioni di terri- • Mascarucci, R. (2017), “Città e nuova torio da rigenerare; (iv) una diversa configu- condizione urbana” (in corso di pubblicazione) landscapes: Lisbon • Mascarucci, R. (2017), “Innovare per Metropolitan Area, razione spaziale dei luoghi pubblici; (v) una competere” (in corso di pubblicazione) maggiore qualità delle soluzioni funzionali e The City of the Tagus formali dell’assetto insediativo. Estuary La presunta crisi della città, dunque, altro Fixing terms in game1 non è che la crisi di un (superato) modello Caterina Anastasia spaziale dell’insediamento urbano che non sembra più rispondere alle attuali esigenze di funzionamento della società. E non è per nulla vero che nuove forme di organizzazio- Introduction ne dello spazio insediativo siano ininfluenti Comprehensive river management increa- sulle direzioni di sviluppo che possono esse- singly comprises, at both scientific and so- re imposte all’andamento spontaneo degli cial level, nuances that weaken the exclusi- eventi. Compito della progettazione urbani- vely dualistic interpretations derived from stica è proprio quello di proporre nuovi mo- an anthropocentric or ecocentric approach delli di organizzazione dello spazio insedia- (Ventura, Ribas, Saurí, 2002; López Silvestre, tivo che, a partire dalla riorganizzazione dei 2016). Hence, this is not a matter of regret- luoghi di relazione, sappiano reinterpretare ting the loss of an unspoiled nature but a le recenti mutazioni della società in chiave way to overcome the outdated and impossi- innovativa, sostenibile, inclusiva e social- ble distinction between natural and artificial mente giusta. as well as the idea of a “supercelestial” natu- ral balance that human intervention would always harm (Rinaldo, 2009). This article focuses on the Tagus Estuary and its relationship with the Lisbon Metropoli- tan Area (LMA) aming to visualize the City of the Tagus Estuary (CTE). The goal is to fix terms in game to reach the “mid point in between the extreme positions” sponsored by the authors mentioned above. This me- ans the Tagus River could be a resource for human needs together with a ‘natural’ (but not virgin) element that binds the city to its geographical context inviting reflection on environmental, territorial and urban scale becoming the medium of the trans-scalar project - that seeks simultaneous cross-re- flection among various scales (Anastasia, 2013). From the Tagus River as a barrier – an evi- dent limit – of a huge and dense urbanized area towards its strongest binder. The starting point of the ongoing research here presented consists in identifying what is today the CTE: a territory made of land (the riverbanks) and water (the estuarine water bodies), made of the intersections of land and water. How is it urbanized and connected? What is its ‘humid system’ (its hydrographic network and related humid areas) and how does it interface with the built city? To answer these questions and, at the same time, contribute to improve the LMA carto- special issue - URBANISTICA INFORMAZIONI | 629 is the matrix and the centre of the LMA, the physical element structuring both river- banks. From the Tagus Estuary as a barrier of riveredge cities towards its strongest binder The Tagus Estuary System turns out to be the centre of LMA where we can find all the terms of the contemporary discussion on post-industrial era revitalization process linked to watercourses. In post-industrial times the interface land-water has acquired a growing social, cultural and economic re- levance, turning out to be a space of oppor- tunity, for urban and natural environmental project. Moreover, the idea of “waterfront as a symbol”, a representation of a cosmopoli- tan culture, high quality lifestyle (leisure, sports, culture) and progress, all linked with Figure1– Tagus River hydrographic network and LMA administrative boundaries an image of modernity (Brandão, 2004), the waterfronts are terrain to re-structure the graphy - that, in fact, today doesn’t exist - the ce, 30% of national companies, 33% of em- green (ecological) networks and to improve main tool implemented has been the dra- ployment and contributes more than 36% of the territorial development and promotion. wing. Hence, making ‘collages’ of different national GDP (www.aml.pt, 2017). Having become the main objects of the tran- documents and data, drawing the CTE was The provinces of Lisbon and Setúbal with sformation of the city’s image, they turn into the first step to fix terms in game. 18 municipalities - 10 of which along the a great attractor, for citizens and tourists, and Tagus – form the LMA, located within a ge- a ground for investors.. The case study: Tagus Estuary and ographical area of 3128 sq. km and spread Dynamics of waterfronts revitalization pro- Lisbon Metropolitan Area out alongside an estuary of 325 sq. km. This cess, lead by public or private agents, call for The Tagus River is the most notable and area hosts a complex system encompassing a value-oriented appropriation of heritage longest Iberian water shad (about 1007 km and combining urban, industrial, military, and cultural identity - as resources for pro- long and 81 000 sq. km basin) and about 30% leisure and recreation activities with fluvial motion of various activities, as drivers in of its course is Portuguese. The Portuguese traffic, agriculture, fishing and salt extrac- strengthening territorial identity and as ele- part of the Tagus (212 km, after the Cedillo tion (Costa, Figueira de Sousa, 2014). These ments of territorial differentiation - (Fernan- Reservoir) has three distinct sections: the up- functions occur in the context of an essential dez, 2017). Both tangible and intangible ele- per Tagus - from the entrance in Portuguese ecological dimension, with 25% of the estu- ments linked to the estuarine hydrographic territory to Abrantes -, the middle Tagus - un- ary classified by the Natural Reserve of the system can activate “a satisfying recovery of til the mouth of Azambuja Canal - and the Tagus Estuary
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