Architecture Policy for Copenhagen 2017–2025
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ARCHITECTURE POLICY FOR COPENHAGEN 2017–2025 ARCHITECTURE FOR PEOPLE Front page: Krøyers Plads (Krøyer’s Square) Vilhelm Lauritzen Architects, COBE and GHB Landscape Architects / Completed 2016 ARCHITECTURE POLICY FOR COPENHAGEN 2017–2025 ARCHITECTURE FOR PEOPLE 05 FOREWORD 06 INTRODUCTION 06 Putting people first 08 The outline of Copenhagen 1 0 The unique districts 1 2 Value-creating architecture 1 4 Copenhagen together 1 8 Three themes 22 ARCHITECTURE THAT TELLS A STORY 24 01 Create new architecture based on the distinctive character of Copenhagen 28 02 Build on local character to reinforce diversity and unique neighbourhoods 32 03 Respect cultural historical value in the built environment and local area 38 BUILDING FOR COPENHAGEN LIFE 40 04 Design buildings and public spaces that put people first 46 05 Prioritise a mixed city with architectural variety 50 06 Design buildings and public spaces with room for co-creation and private initiatives 56 RESPONSIBLE DESIGN 58 07 Enhance the quality of the city with climate change adaptation and energy optimisation 62 08 Create physical settings that contribute to energy optimisation 66 09 Design durable buildings and public spaces that deliver long-term value 70 APPENDIX 70 Plans, policies and strategies 7 2 Photos and renderings FOREWORD The word ‘architecture’ comes from Latin and means the ‘art of building’. However, the concept covers more than buildings. It also includes urban planning, landscaping and gardens on the large scale and the design of everyday articles and rooms on the small scale. Architecture is referred to as a mechanical art, because it is the answer to a task. Architecture is created to meet a practical need – such as the need for a place to live or work. At the same time, architecture also has an artistic purpose. Architecture is a way of handling space, volume, materials, colours, light and sound to achieve a particular aesthetic expression. “ Danish Architecture Centre Kalvebod Bølge Urban Agency and JDS Architects / Completed 2012 Winter mood on Kalvebod Bygge (Kalvebod Wharf). The shape of the promenade maximises the number of sunshine hours all year round. The multiple levels provide a unique public space on the waterfront with facilities for recreation and water sports. 04 FOREWORD FOREWORD Copenhagen has attracted global attenti- efforts to make Copenhagen CO2-neutral the urban environment, but especially for on in many areas. As one of the greenest by 2025 make their mark on the city’s in- the everyday life and activities that the cities, the world’s best city for cycling and frastructure. architecture should accommodate. a city with an extremely high quality of life for residents and visitors alike. We need to see these challenges as op- Based on Copenhagen’s aim to be a live- portunities for creating good architec- able, responsible city with an edge, the But Copenhagen is also an interesting tural solutions that enhance the quality of new architecture policy identifies three city. A hotchpotch of neoclassical and mo- the city’s buildings, green areas and other themes for architecture in the city: re- dern buildings, shopping streets, green public spaces and improve the quality of sponsibly designed architecture, archite- spaces and old fortifications. Copenha- life for everyone. cture built for Copenhagen life and archi- gen is a compact and diverse city, where tecture that tells a story. In other words, every neighbourhood has its own special That is also why we call our new policy engaging and interesting architecture that character and pulse. All in all, a complex ‘Architecture for people’. The name re- takes responsibility for its role in the city. architecture for a complex city. And that flects the intention of this architecture is what this architecture policy aims to policy to create a city with buildings and With this architecture policy, I now invite support and promote. Not just because public spaces that put people first and are developers, residents and all those involved it makes for an interesting city, but also designed to accommodate human senses in the city to help to create buildings and because it makes for a city that adapts to and needs. public spaces that put people first and so the life of individual residents. contribute to the quality of life in our city. Creating good architecture does not have The good city is a city we build together. Copenhagen faces several big challenges to be expensive. On the contrary, we can over the coming years. The population is achieve great benefits if we make the Morten Kabell growing, as more and more people want right choices – both in the municipal ad- Mayor of Technical to enjoy the city and use its limited area. ministration and in the architectural offi- and Environmental Affairs We also need to adapt the city to deal ces and consulting firms. We need to build with more and more cloudbursts, and our with consideration for the climate and for 05 INTRODUCTION PUTTING PEOPLE FIRST Architecture for people The rational and the emotional Urban life before urban space, urban Architecture is created by and for people People are both rational and irrational, space before buildings and provides the physical setting for our and architecture has to allow for this. Ra- The architecture policy insists on consi- collective and individual lives. The archite- tional qualities are concerned with what dering urban life before designing urban cture of the city – including landscaping, we can understand and measure. Emoti- spaces and considering urban space be- neighbourhoods, buildings, public spa- onal qualities revolve around aesthetics, fore designing buildings in order to create ces and street furniture and equipment – sensuality and the unexpected – things a setting for collective as well as indivi- should therefore be designed around the we did not know we were thinking about, dual needs. Urban spaces are the space people who are the source of city life. Un- but which affect our quality of life. Archi- between the buildings, bounded by the derstanding people is thus a fundamental tectural quality means uniting the func- facades that form the walls of the space. requirement for creating a good city. tional and the rational with the aesthetic Urban spaces are all spaces, whether they and the emotional while considering both are parks, roads, squares, courtyards, gar- The collective and the individual specific details and the larger whole. That dens or the harbour, and whether they are We all have the same senses, and we involves challenging our rational under- private or public. have a number of basic needs, whoever standing of the world around us to find we are, wherever we are, and however we new ways of understanding and experi- The coherent city live and work. We need to sleep and eat, encing it. The architecture policy focuses on a ho- we need light, and we need to be alone listic perspective – the whole neigh- and to be together. But we also differ in Human scale bourhood and the whole public space – our individual needs. We have different The architecture policy focuses on en- whether the task at hand is to construct lifestyles, we use the public space diffe- couraging eye contact between the people new buildings, modify facades, make new rently, and we like to decide for ourselves inside the buildings and the people outsi- cycle paths, plant trees or introduce cli- how and where to meet others. The archi- de. It takes account of the human scale, mate change adaptation measures. It is tecture policy should therefore focus on expresses the way in which architectu- crucial to ensure a development that pro- providing a setting for the community we re underpins our quality of life and invites motes Copenhagen as a coherent, sustai- are all part of as well as making room for people to come together. nable city, enhances the city’s unique pla- diversity and individual needs – now and ces, makes the city greener and supports in the future. That is why the architecture its physical and human diversity. policy of the City puts people first. 6 INTRODUCTION People experience the city at eye level. We use our senses: our ears and noses and especially our eyes. That is why we need cities that stimulate our senses with a wide variety of sensory impressions, a rich stock of tactile experiences from diffe- rent materials and a human scale where we can hear and, most importantly, see each other. “ Gehl -Making Cities for People Eye contact The design and openness of the ground floor make a big difference to the interaction between inside and outside. People inside can feel that they are part of the urban life, while the active facades provide a rich experience and a greater sense of security for people in the street. 7 INTRODUCTION COPENHAGEN’S DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS The city The city on the water Approaches to the city Copenhagen is a charming city. It is justly Copenhagen’s contact with the water gi- The older and more recent approaches to famous around the world for its architec- ves rise to special features which vary the city describe a radial pattern cutting ture and as a highly liveable city. Copenha- in history and character where the east across the city’s belts, forming a distinct gen is attractive and well preserved with a coast of Amager, Kalveboderne, the North structure. The intersection between arcs strong character rooted in our shared and Harbour (Nordhavn), the Outer Harbour and roads creates nodes that are impor- continuing history, which we identify with (Yderhavnen), the Inner Harbour (Inder- tant to understanding and wayfinding in and will continue to identify with, each in havnen) and the South Harbour (Sydhavn) the city.