CPH 2025 Climate Plan Roadmap 2021-2025 Lille Langebro. Photo: Troels Heien CPH 2025 Climate Plan Roadmap 2021-2025 Contents Reading guide 7 1. Introduction 9 1.1. Roadmap 2021-2025 9 1.2. The CPH 2025 Climate Plan 9 1.3. Status 10 1.4. The four pillars of the CPH 2025 Climate Plan 13 1.5. Climate action perspectives after 2025 14 2. Energy Consumption 19 2.1. Introduction 19 2.2. Status and main challenges 20 2.3. Actions in 2021-2025 22 2.4. Perspectives 23 3. Energy Production 27 3.1. Introduction 27 3.2. Status and main challenges 28 3.3. Actions in 2021-2025 30 3.4. Perspectives 35 4. Mobility 39 4.1. Introduction 39 4.2. Status and main challenges 40 4.3. Actions in 2021-2025 42 4.4. Perspectives 43 5. City Administration Initiatives 47 5.1. Introduction 47 5.2. Status and main challenges 47 5.3. Actions in 2021-2025 49 5.4. Perspectives 51 6. Implementing Roadmap 2021-2025 55 6.1. Introduction 55 6.2. Implementation 55 6.3. Follow-up and analysis 56 6.4. Investment and financial aspects 56 7. Process ahead and climate action perspectives 59 7.1. The process ahead for Roadmap 2021–2025 59 7.2. Perspectives for the period after 2025 59 The Circle Bridge between Islands Brygge and Christianshavn. Photo: Astrid Maria Rasmussen Reading guide This document contains the Roadmap 2021–2025 for KEY CONCEPTS IN ROADMAP 2021–2025 the CPH 2025 Climate Plan. The Roadmap describes the status of the four pillars of the Climate Plan, based on the Carbon Neutrality plan’s 18 launched actions and indicates what is required The City of Copenhagen will be carbon neutral if the to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality by 2025. carbon emissions from the city are offset by activities that reduce emissions, such as renewable energy Chapter 1 presents how the City of Copenhagen is work- production or the planting of trees. ing on the green transition and describes the status of these efforts up to the present. Fossil free Fossil free means that fossil fuels – such as coal, oil Chapters 2–5 describe the City’s green transition through and natural gas – are no longer used to generate the four pillars of the Climate Plan. Chapter 2 describes electricity or district heating nor in transportation the Energy Consumption pillar focusing on reducing and building projects. the energy consumed in Copenhagen’s building stock. Chapter 3 describes the Energy Production pillar The City of Copenhagen’s envisions that Copenhagen focused on the green transition of power generation, must be fossil-free by 2050 (see ‘Fællesskab Køben- district heating and town gas. Chapter 4 describes the havn’ (Co-Create Copenhagen). Mobility pillar by focusing on initiatives that ensure the transition to green fuels and encourage switching from Greenhouse Gases cars to green modes of transport. The Climate Plan’s Greenhouses gases include carbon dioxide (CO₂), fourth and final pillar is described in chapter 5 and deals as well as methane (CH4), nitrous oxid (N2O) and with City Administration Initiatives. This chapter is fluorinated gases (F-gases). The impact of these focused on how the City of Copenhagen can gases is far more profound than CO₂, which is why lead the way in the future as well, by investing in retro- they are usually converted into CO₂ equivalents. For fitting buildings, green modes of transport and greener instance, the impact of methane is 28 times greater procurement. than that of CO₂. Chapter 6 outlines a number of crosscutting considera- tions on implementing the Climate Plan’s initiatives, anal- yses, carbon accounting and investments up to 2025. Chapter 7, the document’s final section, sums up the initiatives in Roadmap 2021–2025 and the perspectives for the period after 2025. 7 Amager Slope (Copenhill). Photo: Astrid Maria Rasmussen / Copenhagen Media Center 1. Introduction 1.1 ROADMAP 2021–2025 This roadmap does not include initiatives aimed at The City Council adopted the CPH 2025 Climate Plan reducing these residual emissions. A reduction of this on 23 August 2012 with the goal that Copenhagen must dimension requires the city to work on analysing and become carbon neutral by 2025. To make it possible developing new actions and initiatives in the year ahead. to adapt the plan’s initiatives on an ongoing basis and provide politicians and partners with the status of the By virtue of the 2020 Budget, the City Council has de- climate actions, the Climate Plan is to be implemented in cided to initiate two mobility analyses that must define three subsidiary phases. Each sub-phase is described in the actions in the transport area, as well as to expand more detail in separate roadmaps describing the status wind-turbine efforts and ARC’s examination of carbon of climate efforts and defining the focus of initiatives capture. These new actions and initiatives will be over the next four years. The planning of the CPH 2025 presented as a supplement to Roadmap 2021–2025 Climate Plan’s actions and initiatives parallels their devel- in 2021. opment and implementation. This means that the plan is developed in step with the emergence of new knowledge 1.2 THE CPH 2025 CLIMATE PLAN and technology, as lessons learnt shows what works and Copenhagen’s goal of carbon neutrality by 2025 means as framework conditions change. that the city aims to become the first carbon neutral capi- tal in the world. Politically, the city aims to demonstrate The CPH 2025 Climate Plan includes the first roadmap how it is possible for big cities to create green growth for the period 2013–2016. Roadmap 2017–2020 was and development, while reducing carbon emissions at adopted by the City Council on 25 August 2016 with 60 the same time. This aim is one reason why Copenhagen initiatives that continued and supplemented the actions is an international frontrunner in the climate area. of the first subsidiary period. Several of these have been implemented and now contribute significant reductions At the same time, the CPH 2025 Climate Plan seeks to reaching the 2025 target, exemplified by BIO4 (Unit 4, to enhance Copenhageners’ quality of life by, among Amager Power Station). other means, using the carbon neutrality goal as a lever to change behaviour, stimulate innovation, job creation The anticipated level of carbon emissions in 2025 is cal- and investments. Accordingly, it is crucial to achieve the culated on the basis of expected societal developments Climate Plan goal by collaborating with and entering into and the expected effects of the previously implemented strategic partnerships with authorities, universities and initiatives in the CPH 2025 Climate Plan. This is done to companies. For the same reason, Copenhagen makes it enable the management of climate actions towards the possible for Danish and international operators to try out goal of carbon neutrality by 2025, and to evaluate the new solutions and technologies in the city. effects in terms of a reference without a new roadmap. Based on the most recent specification, the baseline pro- Copenhageners play a natural part in the green tran- jection shows that carbon emissions will be to 630,000 sition, which is why the plan gives Copenhageners an op- tonnes in 2025. The 47 initiatives presented in Roadmap portunity to contribute to and get involved in the climate 2021–2025 are expected to reduce carbon emissions by efforts, e.g. by cycling and walking more, separating slightly more than 200,000 tonnes by 2025. Thus, an- waste (plastic, biowaste, etc.), saving energy in dwellings ticipated residual carbon emissions of almost 430,000 and at workplaces, and by investing in PV modules. tonnes will remain in 2025. 9 1.3 STATUS NATIONAL FOCUS ON CLIMATE CHANGE The baseline for the CPH 2025 Climate Plan is The Paris Agreement of December 2015, places an Copenhagen’s carbon emissions in 2005, when Copen- obligation on 171 countries, including Denmark, to hagen emitted 2.3 tonnes of CO₂. Up to 2018, carbon keep the global temperature rise well below 2°C, emissions were reduced by almost 1.2 million tonnes, and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature mostly due to the green conversion of power-genera- increase even further to 1.5°C. The Agreement tion and district heating systems. This is true of both the entered into effect in 2020. In December 2019, an conversion process at national level and in Copenhagen almost unanimous Danish Parliament passed the first – with the conversion of combined heat and power plants Climate Act stipulating that Denmark must actively from coal to biomass and the erection of wind turbines– pursue the targets of the Paris Agreement. At the and efforts made to reduce energy consumption both same time, the Climate Act sets a target of reducing nationally and locally. the emission of greenhouse gases in Denmark by 70% by 2030 compared to 1990 and a long-term goal The reduction was achieved while the population of of climate neutrality by 2050. The Climate Act stipu- Copenhagen grew by roughly 22% to more than 620,000 lates that Denmark must be a pioneering country in at the same time. Juxtaposing Copenhagen’s reduced the global transition that can inspire and influence carbon emissions from 2005 to 2018 with the population the rest of the world. growth in the same period shows that per capita emis- sions fell by roughly 57%. Even before the Climate Act was adopted, the gov- ernment launched thirteen climate partnerships in Copenhagen faces a number of challenges in relation to November 2019. The partnerships are based on the implementation of the Roadmap’s initiatives up to 2025.