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An Analysis of the Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism Themes in the Works of Marcel Proust

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An Analysis of the Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism Themes in the Works of Marcel Proust MAIMONIDES UNIVERSITY AN ANALYSIS OF THE SEXUAL SADISM AND SEXUAL MASOCHISM THEMES IN THE WORKS OF MARCEL PROUST A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE COUNCIL OF MAIMONIDES UNIVERSITY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY CHARLAYNE ELYSE GRENCI FT. LAUDERDALE, FLORIDA DECEMBER 2006 Copyright © 2006 C.E. Grenci CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..………………………………………............................... v Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION …………………………..……………………………...... 1 2. A REVIEW OF THE HISTORY OF SADO-MASOCHISM…………….….. 6 Diagnostic Features for Paraphilias……………………………………… 13 3. ABOUT MARCEL PROUST……………………..…………………………. 16 An Assessment of Proust’s Health and Childhood Development……...... 16 An Analysis of Proust’s Sexual Identity……………………….………… 28 The Narrator is Proust………………………….………………………… 44 Did Proust Write Under a Pseudo-Name?.................................................. 45 Proust’s Style of Writing Exudes Sado-Masochim……………………… 46 Proust’s Philosophy on Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism…….…… 49 Comparing Proust to the Marquis De Sade………………….………..….. 53 A significant Reference of Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism in MarcelProust by Mary Ann Caws………………………………...….. 56 A Review of Alain De Botton’s How Proust Can Change Your Life…… 58 Other Biographers’ Opinions of Proust’s Works……………………..….. 59 An Overview of Proust’s First, Unfinished Novel, Jean Santeuil Comparing It to His Other Works………….…………………………. 62 4. AN ANALYSIS OF THE SEXUAL SADISM AND SEXUAL MASOCHISM THEMES IN PLEASURES AND DAYS…………………….. 68 A Preview of Pleasures and Days……………………………………….. 68 ii The Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism Themes in Pleasures and Days…………………………………………...….…… 69 Comparing Two English Translations of Les plaisirs et les jours: Pleasures and Days Versus Pleasures and Regrets …………………. 97 The Review of Pleasures and Days…………………………...………… 102 5. AN ANALYSIS OF THE SEXUAL SADISM AND SEXUAL MASOCHISM THEMES IN SWANN’S WAY, VOLUME I OF IN SEARCH OF LOST TIME………………..………………………...…….. 105 A Preview of Swann’s Way…………………………..…………...……... 105 The Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism Themes in Swann’s Way….. 106 The Review of Swann’s Way………………………..…...……………… 135 6. AN ANALYSIS OF THE SEXUAL SADISM AND SEXUAL MASOCHISM THEMES IN WITHIN A BUDDING GROVE, VOLUME II OF IN SEARCH OF LOST TIME……………...…………........ 137 A Preview of Within a Budding Grove…………...………………...…… 137 The Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism Themes in Within a Budding Grove……………………………………..….…… 139 The Review of Within a Budding Grove ………………………………... 151 7. AN ANALYSIS OF THE SEXUAL SADISM AND SEXUAL MASOCHISM THEMES IN THE GUERMANTES WAY, VOLUME III OF IN SEARCH OF LOST TIME………..…………………… 153 A Preview of The Guermantes Way ………………..…………………… 153 The Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism Themes in The Guermantes Way………………………………………………… 155 The Review of The Guermantes Way …………………………...……… 191 8. AN ANALYSIS OF THE SEXUAL SADISM AND SEXUAL MASOCHISM THEMES IN SODOM AND GOMORRAH, VOLUME IV OF IN SEARCH OF LOST TIME………….……………..…… 193 A Preview of Sodom and Gomorrah……………………………………. 193 iii The Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism Themes in Sodom and Gomorrah………………………………………………... 199 The Review of Sodom and Gomorrah…………………………………... 272 9. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………… 277 REFERENCE LIST……..……………………………………………………………. 286 iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge my dear family and friends who have given me continuous support through this project with their understanding, caring, encouragement and financial assistance . I truly appreciated your loyalty, patience, kindness and faith in me. I want to personally thank Seril L. Grossfeld, Gloria Hauert, Marie Grasso, Amy Collici and Florence McGowan. I couldn’t have done it without all of you. My deepest respect, admiration and gratitude is for William Granzig, Ph.D., FAACS, who has devoted his valuable time and consideration to give me the needed encouragement, inspiration, guidance and mentoring necessary for the completion of this work. I couldn’t have done it without his continued direction, supervision and confidence in me. I would also like to extend thanks and sincere appreciation to the other members of my committee, Rabbi Di Mauro, MD, Ph.D. and Dr. Walker for all of their time and consideration in my behalf. v CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This dissertation is an analysis of the sexual sadism and sexual masochism themes in the works of Marcel Proust. This research will focus on an evaluation of the first four volumes of Proust’s greatest masterpiece and most famous novel, In Search of Lost Time, known by its former translation, Remembrance of Things Past, and its original French rendition, A La Recherche du Temps Perdu and will also review Proust’s first work, Les Plaisirs et les jours, known by its two English translations, Pleasures and Days or Pleasures and Regrets which will be compared. Marcel Proust became a world renowned author in the literary world for his exceptional genius in creative contributions to classical literature which were written during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Proust was born on July 10, 1871 to prominent and well-known professional parents. Jeanne Weil, Proust’s mother was an educated and refined daughter of a Jewish stockbroker. Proust’s father, Adrian Proust, and his younger brother were both medical doctors. Proust suffered with severe asthma since childhood which profoundly affected his social life and professional career. His bourgeois family lived in Paris and Proust traveled in the upper social economic circles of Parisian society and aristocracy due to his incredible intelligence, amazing artistic ability, and charming refinement. Proust lived with guilt and anguish over his sexual identity in homosexuality and his intense desires for other sexual perversions. This research will give much more detail about Proust’s life as a writer, the person, his 1 sexuality, and his writings, information which is all pertinent to this research, as we move through the chapters. Proust died on November 18, 1922. When considering the complexity of Proust’s literature and speculating the degree of this project, the researcher found it imperative to consider many different dynamics by using a multi-faceted approach in order to produce and substantiate a concrete hypothesis. This research did an evaluation of Proust’s state of mind, his personality, behavior patterns, cognitive ability, emotional stability, and sexual identity which was obligatory in order to calculate the best overall profile of the author. So, to begin, it was crucial to inspect the author’s childhood development, his childhood experiences, and his overall health to get a clearer picture of Proust’s character. Next, the researcher attempted to assess the style of Proust’s writings, followed by an analysis of who was the real narrator in the Search, to decipher if his works were influenced in any way by his environment or physical and mental health. While probing into Proust himself, the definitions of sexual sadism and sexual masochism were explored, then, information about Proust’s life, and an evaluation of Proust’s sexual identity was necessary to compare to the information at hand. To conclude this aspect of the research, it was essential to explore Proust’s philosophy on sexual sadism and sexual masochism in order to assemble a comprehensive picture of the author and bring it into the spotlight. Following the study on Proust, a review of sex in history pertaining to sado- masochism was conducted briefly covering its earliest documentations through to Proust’s time during the nineteenth century and turn of the twentieth century. Following this, Proust’s famous novel was paralleled with the history of sado-masochism. Continuing sex in history, Proust’s works and character were compared to those of the 2 Marquis De Sade, who lived before him. This was followed by a report on Proust’s contemporaries, Frued, Krafft-Ebing and Ulrichs, which states their scientific views and psychoanalysis of sexual sadism and sexual masochism during Proust’s time. This historical research will shed truth on whether sexual sadism and sexual masochism is considered a normal human desire or classified as a cultural phenomenon. In this section it will also become visible how sado-masochism is defined, why it causes so many problems, and why Proust’s writings about it were considered offensive and forbidden. After completing an evaluation and before moving on to the main theme of this dissertation, the literature herein, on sexual sadism and sexual masochism will begin by reviewing biographies of Prout’s critics which will exhibit similarities and disagreements to this analysis. This dissertation embraces a review of Alain De Botton’s book about Proust, How Proust Can Change Your Life just to make an additional comparison on how other critics view Proust’s themes in the Search. Furthermore, the researcher included a comparison, because of the significant discrepancy, between two translations of Proust’s Les plaisirs et les jours, as one was translated by a male author and one by a female author. It was evident through this element of the study that Proust’s sexually blatant literature made it difficult for some critics to do a conclusive analysis, hitherto, some of the most important issues about Proust’s sexuality and his writings were either ignored, lightly touched upon, or purposely over-looked. But, to be able to penetrate Proust’s complex and perplexing literature effectively, this research claims that it was supportive to have a background in clinical
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