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semi-anonymous outlet for socially unacceptable : or unconventional desires that participants can- Susan M. Block not or will not fulfill in real life. This may be due The Dr. Susan Block Institute for the Erotic Arts & to moral considerations, legal consequences, psy- Sciences, Los Angeles, California, United States chological inhibition, physical disability, bodily dangers, the reluctance or refusal of a regular Phone sex is a virtual sexual activity involving partner, or fear of social stigma. erotic or explicit conversation between two or more people by telephone, usually while one or more of the participants are masturbating. Unlike The history of phone sex an , which is an unsolicited, nonconsensual act, “phone sex” is consensual. There does not appear to have been a moment People have phone sex in the context of a personal when phone sex was “invented.” Throughout his- relationship, as a commercial transaction between tory, technological advances have had direct, if a paying client and a paid professional phone sex unpredictable effects on human sexuality. This is operator (PSO), or a combination of these. certainly true of the telephone. People may have There are many varieties of “phone sex,” includ- been having some kind of phone sex since ing mutual self-pleasuring with sexual sounds, Alexander Graham Bell first invented the instru- guided , fantasy role-play, erotic ment. The use of party lines in the early decades of storytelling, sexual confessions, recalling sexual the twentieth century, foreshadowing modern chat memories, dirty talk, sexual psychodrama, erotic lines, were often opportunities for erotic, though hypnosis, phone domination, pornographic dis- rarely explicit communication. No one knows how cussion, shared intimacies, fetish-focused conver- many early party line callers were secretly mastur- sation, phone sex therapy, phone sex-life coaching, bating as they interacted with the operator and and others. Although masturbation commonly their neighbors, though lack of privacy precluded accompanies all phone sex forms, it is not the auditory intimacy that pure phone sex entails. required. For instance, some people have phone Soon after the private phone became a house- sex while driving and unable to touch themselves. hold item in the 1950s, paramours started using it Others might indulge in a fetish such as cross- to exchange words and sounds of passion. Until dressing which may not involve masturbation. then, most people had to be in bed together to But self-pleasure, at least at one end of the phone, converse about sex or to talk erotically. Thus, the is usually involved. Essentially, telephonic conver- private telephone was a revolutionary instru- sation with masturbation equals phone sex. ment. It made it possible for people to relax in dif- Most phone sex conversation revolves around ferent beds, possibly in different cities,­ completely mainstream sexual experiences, including sexual separated, yet feeling close, making “sounds of intercourse in different positions, oral sex, breast sex,” and essentially engaging in what we now call play, or a back and forth, descriptive discussion of “phone sex.” Phone sex grew in popularity through the real-life masturbatory activities in which both the second half of the twentieth century, espe- participants are engaged as they have phone sex. cially as commercial phone sex services began to But many phone sex conversations, especially spring up in the 1970s to provide an outlet for through professional services, involve taboo top- people (mostly men) with a compelling need to ics such as incest fantasies, anal sex, cuckolding, talk with skilled sexual conversationalists (mostly interracial, bisexuality, BDSM, age play, rape fan- women). In the 1980s, 976 and 900 numbers tasies, orgies, sexual harassment, , proliferated. Phone company regulation caused , animal sex, and many more. This many of these businesses to collapse, though kind of forbidden phone talk provides a some adapted their billing methods.

The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality, First Edition. Edited by Patricia Whelehan and Anne Bolin. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2

The popularity of modern phone sex forbidden fantasies on the phone can be deeply satisfying, with no harm done to the participants Most modern phone sex is between loved ones. or innocent bystanders. If one is having phone Phone sex is the X-rated version of the old AT&T sex with a professional or other trusted outsider, dream, allowing participants to “reach out and one can explore secret fantasies without exposure touch someone” as they touch themselves. to negative judgments from loved ones or anyone According to a survey by Internet phone com- in everyday life. pany Vonage Canada and Decima Research, Phone sex can also enhance personal physical 53 percent of men and women have engaged in sexual knowledge and technique, as one can phone sex with a close friend or partner. Phone explore the body at one’s own pace accompanied sex helps many modern couples who live in by a lover’s erotic presence on the phone, but ­different cities to keep long-distance love alive. without the sexual pressure that may accompany More than 75 percent of the people in the Vonage/ an in-person encounter. Practicing sexual exer- Decima survey consider phone sex to be “very” cises such as kegels (pelvic floor-strengthening or “somewhat” important in a long-distance rela- squeezes) or the stop − start technique can be tionship (Vonage Canada 2005). easier during phone sex. But some lovers engage in phone sex even when living close by. The verbal nature of phone sex is part of the appeal. It has long been recog- Phone sex problems nized that an important aspect of good sex is ­verbal communication, yet many people find it There remains a social stigma attached to phone difficult or awkward to talk about their sexual sex, especially to using commercial phone sex feelings and fantasies with their lovers during sex services. This deters some, but heightens the or in any face-to-face encounter. Fear of this kind taboo appeal for many phone sex lovers. Some of intimacy is closely linked to fear of rejection. people enjoy phone sex so much that they find it Often, the phone sex participant does not feel as difficult to control its use. Although there is no vulnerable and is therefore free to communicate clinical classification for “phone sex addiction,” without fear. In this sense, the phone can act as a many phone sex users who have difficulties confessional. controlling their habits call themselves “phone In the twenty-first century, with the advent of sex addicts.” Conversely, people who “fall in love” the Internet, commercial phone sex services, during phone sex before meeting are often disap- including smaller companies and independent pointed when taking their phone sex relationship providers, have multiplied. Despite the availabil- into reality if they have no physical chemistry ity of , webcam, and , commercial with the other. and non-commercial phone sex is more popular When married people have phone sex with than ever. There are various reasons for this, not others, are they cheating? That depends on how least of which is that phone sex offers a level of the couple defines “cheating.” Some people con- auditory and verbal intimacy, convenience, and sider phone sex to be , others do not, virtual anonymity that is somehow different from while still others put it in a “gray area.” Often, the other media or “real life.” deciding factor is whether phone sex activities are Physically, phone sex feels and is relatively safe. concealed from the partner. Just as phone sex With no bodily contact, there is no exchange of brings some closer together, it drives others apart, body fluids, no risk of transmission of disease or especially if one partner is having a phone sex impregnation. These are major reasons why many affair or using commercial phone sex lines secretly conscientious individuals choose to use the phone or ­frequently. A phone sex affair may not involve if they are going to have sex with a stranger. any physical touching at all, but the intense erotic Furthermore, the phone is a stage on which to act intimacy can threaten real-life relationships. out wild fantasies, a telephonic erotic “theatre of Using commercial phone sex lines may be less the mind” that allows participants to explore in likely to create emotional entanglements than safety taboo desires which, if actualized, may be engaging in a phone sex affair, but the cost of call- lethal, illegal, or at least dangerous. Playing out ing these services can mount rapidly, causing as 3 much damage to a phone sex user’s life as a weak- sex lovers are helping to create a new, more ness for gambling or other expensive hobbies. expressive language of love and lust, mood and sensuality, power and surrender, freedom and restraint, screams and moans, romantic poetry Phone sex intelligence and dirty talk which did not exist before the invention of the telephone. Phone sex favors intelligence, imagination, com- passion, creativity, and the ability to listen rather SEE ALSO: Adultery and Fidelity; Arousal, than physical attributes. According to the Vonage/ Sexual; Consensual Sex; Fantasy, Sexual; Fetish; Decima survey, when asked what is most impor- Masturbation; Safer Sex tant to a successful phone sex call, most people (39 percent) surveyed said “imagination,” ­followed by “receptiveness” and “creativity” (31 Reference and 30 percent respectively). Talking about sex tends to increase sexual Vonage Canada. 2005. Canadians No Strangers to Phone intelligence. The “conversation” part of the phone Sex. Toronto: Vonage-Forum. sex equation can be a lesson in the infinite articu- lations of human eroticism, opening up the erotic Further readings imagination. Partial sense deprivation has been shown to enhance the senses that are not deprived. Baker, Nicholson. 1993. Vox, New York: Random Pure phone sex deprives the senses of sight, House. touch, smell, and taste, thereby heightening the Block, Susan. 1996. The 10 Commandments of Pleasure: sense of sound, amplifying one’s ability to ­listen Erotic Keys to a Healthy Sexual Life, New York: and articulate desire. In a sense, modern phone St. Martin’s Press.