DOCSLIB.ORG

Human Cruelty, Animal Suffering, and American Culture, 1900-Present

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Human Cruelty, Animal Suffering, and American Culture, 1900-Present Behaving Like Animals: Human Cruelty, Animal Suffering, and American Culture, 1900-present The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation McGrath, Timothy Stephen. 2013. Behaving Like Animals: Human Cruelty, Animal Suffering, and American Culture, 1900-present. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10974708 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA © 2013 – Timothy Stephen McGrath All rights reserved. Professor Nancy Cott Timothy Stephen McGrath Behaving Like Animals: Human Cruelty, Animals Suffering, and American Culture, 1900-present Abstract What does it mean to be cruel to an animal? What does it mean for an animal to suffer? These are the questions embedded in the term “cruelty to animals,” which has seemed, at first glance, a well defined term in modern America, in so far as it has been codified in anti-cruelty statutes. Cruelty to animals has been a disputed notion, though. What some groups call cruel, others call business, science, culture, worship, and art. Contests over the humane treatment of animals have therefore been contests over history, ideology, culture, and knowledge in which a variety of social actors— animal scientists, cockfighters, filmmakers, FBI agents, members of Congress, members of PETA, and many, many others—try to decide which harms against animals and which forms of animal suffering are justifiable. Behaving Like Animals examines these contests in the United States from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, focusing on four practices that modern American animal advocates have labeled cruel: malicious animal abuse, cockfighting, intensive animal agriculture, and the harming of animals on film. These case studies broadly trace the contours of American attitudes toward human cruelty and animal suffering over the last century. They also trace the historical evolution of the ideas embedded in the term “cruelty to animals.” Cruelty to animals has been the structuring logic of animal advocacy for two centuries, and historians have followed its development through the nineteenth century as a constellation of ideas about human and animal natures, about cruelty and kindness, and about suffering and sentience—very old ideas rooted in western intellectual thought and given shape by nineteenth-century sentimental culture. Behaving Like Animals iii follows this historical and intellectual thread into the twenty-first century, and reveals how these old ideas adapted to modern and evolving regimes of knowledge, science, and law, as they became thickly knotted in America’s varied and transforming social, cultural, intellectual, political, and legal contexts. That process has had varied and far-reaching implications in modern American culture, structuring social relations among Americans while shaping understandings of the place of animals in American society. Behaving Like Animals tells this history. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments...............................................................................................................................................v Introduction: Cruelty to Animals: A History.............................................................................................................1 1. Jeffrey Dahmer’s Fiddlesticks: Human Cruelty, Crimes Against Animals, and the Threat to Kill...............................................36 2. Cockfighter Nation: Cruelty, Culture, and the Making of Modern America..................................................................89 3. Happy Cows and Stressed Pigs: Intensive Farming and the Science of Animal Suffering............................................................162 4. Animals Were Harmed: Censorship, Speech, and Animal Suffering on Film from Classical Hollywood to the Crush Act...........................................................................................216 Epilogue...........................................................................................................................................................280 Appendix..........................................................................................................................................................286 Bibliography.....................................................................................................................................................299 v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Many thanks all around. Thanks to my adviser. I can’t imagine a better adviser than Nancy Cott. Nancy was encouraging, challenging, genuinely enthusiastic about my ideas and writing, and always demanded that I be better. She gave me space to write and think or take a break when I needed it. She checked in and pushed me when it seemed I needed that. She never responded to my work with a mere “looks good.” She read everything. She gave feedback that was thoughtful, critical, and extensive, and that made this a much better project than it might have otherwise been. She has written many letters, has vouched for me, and has taught me a lot about mentorship. Thanks, Nancy. Thanks to my committee. Walter Johnson helped kick this project off and made me think about some of the big questions. Harriet Ritvo joined my team when I was halfway done and I am enormously grateful for it. In a way, she had already joined, since my project wouldn’t have been possible without her own work on animals in human history. In addition to her animal-related knowledge, she brought a keen editorial eye. Every one of these chapters is smarter and tighter thanks to her careful readings. Thank you also to Ann Fabian, whose work I greatly admire and who agreed to be an outside reader for my dissertation defense. Thanks to my mentors at Boston College. I was very lucky to meet Carlo Rotella, who taught me about this thing called American studies, and I’ve been at it ever since. He was an inspiring teacher back then, and many years later, I’m still stealing his pedagogical moves. If I could manage a passing impression of his writing, too, I’d be set. Since I started graduate school, Carlo has been an academic cornerman (sometimes the cutman, too) and a friend. He has been a source of generous, constant, and wide-ranging support. I owe him many intellectual, professional, and beer-related debts. Also at BC, Andrew von Hendy, Paul Doherty, and Tom Kaplan-Maxfield each helped in his vi own way. Thanks to the librarians and library workers. The men and women who maintain Harvard’s collections are generous and talented people, and without them students and faculty would be lost and useless. Many librarians and library workers I will likely never meet in person, or might not know it if I did, because they create and maintain the electronic databases and digital archives that make it possible to do things like trace the history of cockfighting across two decades of obscure print periodicals. This project would not have been possible without them. Thanks very much to them. It sounds strange, but thanks also to Google, LexisNexus, and ProQuest. Thanks to the institutions that provided funding: the Whiting Foundation, the Culture and Animals Foundation, and the Harvard Graduate Society. Thanks to the staffs of the many cafés, restaurants, and bars that have sustained me over several years. I wrote most of this dissertation at 1369 Coffee House in Inman Square. I must have eaten half of my calories at R.F. O’Sullivan’s. I’ve watched lots of sports at the Parlor. My friends and I have had great times at the Druid, Shay’s, Charlie’s, and the Cellar. Thanks to the History of American Civilization Program, which became the American Studies Program just in time for me to put “American Studies” on my diploma. Christine McFadden was “co-chair” when I arrived and for most of my time here. She kept everyone and everything running. For more on her contribution to this program, refer to the acknowledgments sections of any dissertation written during her tenure. Arthur Patton-Hock had big shoes to fill when he took her spot, and he has been a marvel of organization, good humor, and general having-my-back-ness ever since. Larissa Kennedy was always a joy to see in the Warren Center. Jennifer Roberts became the American Studies chair as I was finishing this project. She has infused it with new and forward- looking energy. Thanks finally to the fellow students of Am Civ who have read portions of this project at various stages of its genesis and who have brought brains, creativity, and weirdness to the vii greatest humanities program at this university. Thanks to the all-stars of the American Civilization Basketball League: George Blaustein, Eli Cook, Nick Donofrio, Derek Etkin, Jack Hamilton, Brian Hochman, David Kim, Pete L’Official, and Brian McCammack. The ACBL was one of the best things about graduate school, even when some of us got severe sunburns, sprained their ankles, strained their hamstrings, cracked their ribs, broke and needed to surgically repair their fingers, chipped their teeth, and were given mild concussions by parking lot barrier arms. I’m pretty sure my team is ahead, but it’s hard to know for sure. Thanks to my friends. Some have read parts of this dissertation and others haven’t. I was very lucky
Load more

Recommended publications
  • RIDDLE and MYSTERY a Tapestry of Faith Program for Children 6Th Grade
    RIDDLE AND MYSTERY A Tapestry of Faith Program for Children 6th Grade BY RICHARD S. KIMBALL © Copyright 2010 Unitarian Universalist Association. This program and additional resources are available on the UUA.org web site at www.uua.org/re/tapestry 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT THE AUTHORS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 THE PROGRAM ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 SESSION 1: THE BIG QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 SESSION 2: RELIGION TO THE RESCUE .......................................................................................................................................... 35 SESSION 3: LOOKING TOWARD TOMORROW ............................................................................................................................... 54 SESSION 4: THINKING OF GOD ......................................................................................................................................................... 74 SESSION
    [Show full text]
  • The Following Programs Have Been Identified As Examples of Successful Practices
    National Leadership Forum Sept. 28, 2006 American Humane’s Getting to Zero Initiative is a critical, national undertaking based on the profound belief that American society can ultimately reduce to zero the number of healthy or treatable dogs, cats and other companion animals that are euthanized in animal care and control facilities. American Humane has made the reduction and eventual practices” in spay/neuter, transfer, adoption, foster care and elimination of shelter and animal control euthanasia of healthy training. Phase Two is this Leadership Forum to shed light on dogs and cats one of its highest priorities. Although many the problem and highlight some of the best practices in use Americans maintain a deep love and affection for animals, and today. Phase Three is the funding and implementation phase. pets are cherished members of millions of families, the millions With funding secured, American Humane will implement the of healthy, adoptable dogs and cats euthanized each year replication and delivery process to facilities, starting initially remains a source of shame for our country. with six animal welfare agencies or consortia of animal care and control entities in six geographic regions in each of the next two In order to combat this problem, American Humane is years, for a total of 12 community-based programs during the committed to helping identify, support and obtain funding for initial phase of the campaign. Animal care and control facilities the replication of community-based interventions that have will apply and be assessed as to their potential to implement the demonstrated success in reducing the euthanasia of healthy or best practices.
    [Show full text]
  • 2015 HSUS Annual Report
    2015 Annual Report You Changed the World WITH YOUR SUPPORT, WE AND OUR AFFILIATES DIRECTLY HELPED 171,476 ANIMALS—AND DROVE CHANGE FOR MILLIONS MORE. With you by our side, 2015 was the highest impact year in the history of The Humane Society of the United States. Thank you for caring so much about animals. We could not have done this without you. As Kathy Klueh, a monthly donor from Florida, told us, “When we pool our resources we are a force that cannot be stopped.” HUMANE HEROES: Throughout this report, we’ve highlighted some of the people and organizations that helped us in 2015. ISLAND CONNECTION: OUR DONORS’ STORY In April, The HSUS and Humane Society International partnered with agencies in Puerto Rico to launch an island-wide initiative to help stray animals struggling to survive. In November, 15 donors came to help provide vaccines, flea/tick preventative and triage at a dog sanctuary, check in animals at an HSI spay/neuter clinic, visit shelters and assist with a stray dog feeding route. PICTURED ABOVE: Amanda Hearst, Steve Read and Daran Haber helped island dogs. NOT SHOWN: Pia Acker- man, Kami Anderson, Georgina Bloomberg, David Brownstein, Lisa Feria, Marion Look Jameson, Stacey Kivowitz, Colleen Lang, Marti Peretzman, Jerry Rosenthal, Bob Rhue and Courtney Stroum Meagher. OPPOSITE PAGE: Puppy mills campaign staffer Tara Loller visited with some of the dogs who will be helped by our work on the island. ON THE COVER: Cecil RIP July 1, 2015. This was an enormous year for our campaign to stop trade in products from endangered and rare animals.
    [Show full text]
  • "Cruelty Takes the Place of Love": a Magic Lantern Slide and the Band of Hope by Stephanie Olsen
    "Cruelty takes the place of love": A Magic Lantern Slide and the Band of Hope by Stephanie Olsen Ephemera can be real treasure, especially perhaps for the historian of emotions. It can allow us to conceive of the emotive qualities of actors or events in different ways from sources that were meant to be preserved for posterity. This piece of ephemera, fortuitously preserved long after its technology was made obsolete, is a magic lantern slide. The magic lantern was widely used, in an era before the spread of movies and computers, for entertainment, sometimes combined with education. The medium was ubiquitous in the © The Livesey Collection, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK Victorian and Edwardian eras, yet, because of the equipment required, rare enough to be special to viewers. The British Band of Hope movement used this medium widely, and its major unions under which local bands were active had well- organized lending policies of magic lantern slides and projectors. But what can one dusty slide tell us about the motivations of the adults or the children involved in this movement, and how can it enlighten us as historians of emotion? My research explores important historical attempts to cultivate the "right" emotions in boys, to promote manliness, future fatherhood and citizenship.[1] The Band of Hope is an important part of this story. An influential multi-denominational, mainly working-class national temperance movement in Britain, it attracted over three-million boys and girls at its peak, around 1914.[2] According to Charles Wakely, the General Secretary of the United Kingdom Band of Hope Union, the age of membership differed in various societies, but in most Bands of Hope the members were received at seven years of age, and at fourteen were drafted into a senior society, where the proceedings were adapted to their "increased intelligence and altered habits of thought".[3] Membership was conditional upon giving a written promise of abstinence, and upon compliance with the rules that governed each society.
    [Show full text]
  • Animal People News
    European Commission votes to ban dog &cat fur B R U S S E L S ––The European Commis- sion on November 20 adopted a proposal to ban the import, export, and sale of cat and dog fur throughout the European Union. “The draft regulation will now be considered by the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers for adoption by the co- decision procedure,” explained the EC Asian dog. (Kim Bartlett) announcement. “There is evidence that cat and dog fur been found not just on clothing, but also on a is being placed on the European market, usually number of personal accessories, as well as chil- dren’s soft toys.” Asian rabbits. (Kim Bartlett) undeclared as such or disguised as synthetic and other types of fur,” the EC announcement sum- “Just the idea of young children playing marized. “The vast majority of the cat and dog with toys which have been made with dog and Olympics to showcase growing fur is believed to be imported from third coun- cat fur is really something we cannot accept,” tries, notably China.” European Consumer Protection Commissioner Fifteen of the 25 EU member nations Markos Kyprianou said. Chinese animal testing industry have already individually introduced legislation “Kyprianou stopped short of calling B E I J I N G ––The 2008 Olympic Glenn Rice, chief executive of Bridge against cat and dog fur. “The proposed regula- for every product containing fur to have a label Games in Beijing will showcase the fast- Pharmaceuticals Inc., is outsourcing the tion adopted today addresses EU citizens con- detailing its exact origin,” wrote London Times growing Chinese animal testing industry, work to China, where scientists are cheap cerns, and creates a harmonized approach,” the European correspondent David Charter, the official Xinhua news agency disclosed and plentiful and animal-rights activists are EC announcement stipulated.
    [Show full text]
  • Contextualizing Ancient Greek Blood Sports
    Contextualizing Ancient Greek Blood Sports While research on Roman spectacles of bestial violence (e.g. venationes, damnatio ad bestias) has had success in elucidating the cultural and universal meanings of these events, less attention has been paid to acts of communal violence against animals within the ancient Greek world. There is ample evidence for the existence of quail flipping, partridge fighting, bull fighting, cockfighting, and other acts such as bull leaping and animal baiting, to show that the Greeks found value in these blood sports. Although past scholars have addressed issues such as the symbolism of cocks and cockfighting (Csapso 1993) and the potential psychology and sociology underlying the events (Shelton 2011; Geertz 1971 on Balinese cockfighting), few have attempted to analyze these various games and contests within the overarching scheme of Greek athletics. While victories in chariot racing at Olympia could confer honor onto a polis (one may recall Alcibiades boasting of such a deed during the debate about the Sicilian expedition, Thucydides, 6.16), the outcome of the smaller blood sports brought about honors inherently limited to closed circles of individuals. Further, the heightened violence of these games necessitates an analysis in regards to their social functions and meanings. While it is accepted that blood sports among the Greeks could serve as markers of status and masculinity (Kyle 2007), further research is needed to explain why these events could serve such a function and also how the honors obtained differed from those acquired through the games and athletics of the Pan-Hellenic sanctuaries. Given the richness of evidence in both the literary and material record, the Greek predilection for cockfighting is a natural place to begin an inquiry into Greek blood sports.
    [Show full text]
  • The Recognition of Passion in Selected Fiction of E. M. Forster
    THE RECOGNITION OF PASSION IN SELECTED FICTION OF E. M. FORSTER by Joyce Nichols Submitted as an Honors Paper in the Department of English The University of North Carolina at Greensboro 1964 Approved by JV Vtr \ VVfl, i •*) r\ Director Examining Committee 1/0,-HSI ^V AdJ^y- A K-t'-fZr^.-T^ft—* ■** —/««g>*. One does not read E. M. Forster without becoming aware very quickly that Mr. Forster is probably England's most articulate and convincing champion of the passionate life. Passion to Mr. Forster has many faces; indeed it is a whole way of life. It is the purpose of this paper to define the many different aspects of this Forsterian passion and to observe its development or denial in several characters of his selected fiction. It is difficult, as I write about E. M. Forster, to believe that he is in his eighty-sixth year and that he has not published a novel in forty years. It is difficult to accept these biological and literary facts because, even today, p?r,s° works retain a freshness and vitality that many later works of English fiction lack. What then gives these qualities to his fiction, some of which was written more than 40 years ago? Partly, it is because Mr. F«riis concerned with universal themes but it is also because he has managed to communicate some of the wonder and idealism of the child in a jaded century. He invites us to climb through to the other side of the hedge1 and begin to live. He is essentially didactic in his writings but his didactism is gentle and becomes less insistent, more subtle and tentative by the time of A Passage to India.
    [Show full text]
  • An Inquiry Into Animal Rights Vegan Activists' Perception and Practice of Persuasion
    An Inquiry into Animal Rights Vegan Activists’ Perception and Practice of Persuasion by Angela Gunther B.A., Simon Fraser University, 2006 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the School of Communication ! Angela Gunther 2012 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Summer 2012 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced, without authorization, under the conditions for “Fair Dealing.” Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. Approval Name: Angela Gunther Degree: Master of Arts Title of Thesis: An Inquiry into Animal Rights Vegan Activists’ Perception and Practice of Persuasion Examining Committee: Chair: Kathi Cross Gary McCarron Senior Supervisor Associate Professor Robert Anderson Supervisor Professor Michael Kenny External Examiner Professor, Anthropology SFU Date Defended/Approved: June 28, 2012 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Abstract This thesis interrogates the persuasive practices of Animal Rights Vegan Activists (ARVAs) in order to determine why and how ARVAs fail to convince people to become and stay veg*n, and what they might do to succeed. While ARVAs and ARVAism are the focus of this inquiry, the approaches, concepts and theories used are broadly applicable and therefore this investigation is potentially useful for any activist or group of activists wishing to interrogate and improve their persuasive practices. Keywords: Persuasion; Communication for Social Change; Animal Rights; Veg*nism; Activism iv Table of Contents Approval ............................................................................................................................. ii! Partial Copyright Licence .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The State of the Animals II: 2003
    A Strategic Review of International 1CHAPTER Animal Protection Paul G. Irwin Introduction he level of animal protection Prior to the modern period of ani- activity varies substantially Early Activities mal protection (starting after World Taround the world. To some War II), international animal protec- extent, the variation parallels the in International tion involved mostly uncoordinated level of economic development, as support from the larger societies and countries with high per capita Animal certain wealthy individuals and a vari- incomes and democratic political Protection ety of international meetings where structures have better financed and Organized animal protection began in animal protection advocates gathered better developed animal protection England in the early 1800s and together to exchange news and ideas. organizations. However there is not spread from there to the rest of the One of the earliest such meetings a one-to-one correlation between world. Henry Bergh (who founded the occurred in Paris in June 1900 economic development and animal American Society for the Prevention although, by this time, there was protection activity. Japan and Saudi of Cruelty to Animals, or ASPCA, in already a steady exchange of informa- Arabia, for example, have high per 1865) and George Angell (who found- tion among animal protection organi- capita incomes but low or nonexis- ed the Massachusetts Society for the zations around the world. These tent levels of animal protection activ- Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, or exchanges were encouraged further ity, while India has a relatively low per MSPCA, in 1868) both looked to by the organization of a number of capita income but a fairly large num- England and the Royal Society for the international animal protection con- ber of animal protection groups.
    [Show full text]
  • “Why So Serious?” Comics, Film and Politics, Or the Comic Book Film As the Answer to the Question of Identity and Narrative in a Post-9/11 World
    ABSTRACT “WHY SO SERIOUS?” COMICS, FILM AND POLITICS, OR THE COMIC BOOK FILM AS THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION OF IDENTITY AND NARRATIVE IN A POST-9/11 WORLD by Kyle Andrew Moody This thesis analyzes a trend in a subgenre of motion pictures that are designed to not only entertain, but also provide a message for the modern world after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The analysis provides a critical look at three different films as artifacts of post-9/11 culture, showing how the integration of certain elements made them allegorical works regarding the status of the United States in the aftermath of the attacks. Jean Baudrillard‟s postmodern theory of simulation and simulacra was utilized to provide a context for the films that tap into themes reflecting post-9/11 reality. The results were analyzed by critically examining the source material, with a cultural criticism emerging regarding the progression of this subgenre of motion pictures as meaningful work. “WHY SO SERIOUS?” COMICS, FILM AND POLITICS, OR THE COMIC BOOK FILM AS THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION OF IDENTITY AND NARRATIVE IN A POST-9/11 WORLD A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Communications Mass Communications Area by Kyle Andrew Moody Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2009 Advisor ___________________ Dr. Bruce Drushel Reader ___________________ Dr. Ronald Scott Reader ___________________ Dr. David Sholle TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................................................... III CHAPTER ONE: COMIC BOOK MOVIES AND THE REAL WORLD ............................................. 1 PURPOSE OF STUDY ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • NY ACKER Awards Is Taken from an Archaic Dutch Word Meaning a Noticeable Movement in a Stream
    1 THE NYC ACKER AWARDS CREATOR & PRODUCER CLAYTON PATTERSON This is our 6th successful year of the ACKER Awards. The meaning of ACKER in the NY ACKER Awards is taken from an archaic Dutch word meaning a noticeable movement in a stream. The stream is the mainstream and the noticeable movement is the avant grade. By documenting my community, on an almost daily base, I have come to understand that gentrification is much more than the changing face of real estate and forced population migrations. The influence of gen- trification can be seen in where we live and work, how we shop, bank, communicate, travel, law enforcement, doctor visits, etc. We will look back and realize that the impact of gentrification on our society is as powerful a force as the industrial revolution was. I witness the demise and obliteration of just about all of the recogniz- able parts of my community, including so much of our history. I be- lieve if we do not save our own history, then who will. The NY ACKERS are one part of a much larger vision and ambition. A vision and ambition that is not about me but it is about community. Our community. Our history. The history of the Individuals, the Outsid- ers, the Outlaws, the Misfits, the Radicals, the Visionaries, the Dream- ers, the contributors, those who provided spaces and venues which allowed creativity to flourish, wrote about, talked about, inspired, mentored the creative spirit, and those who gave much, but have not been, for whatever reason, recognized by the mainstream.
    [Show full text]
  • * Hc Omslag Film Architecture 22-05-2007 17:10 Pagina 1
    * hc omslag Film Architecture 22-05-2007 17:10 Pagina 1 Film Architecture and the Transnational Imagination: Set Design in 1930s European Cinema presents for the first time a comparative study of European film set design in HARRIS AND STREET BERGFELDER, IMAGINATION FILM ARCHITECTURE AND THE TRANSNATIONAL the late 1920s and 1930s. Based on a wealth of designers' drawings, film stills and archival documents, the book FILM FILM offers a new insight into the development and signifi- cance of transnational artistic collaboration during this CULTURE CULTURE period. IN TRANSITION IN TRANSITION European cinema from the late 1920s to the late 1930s was famous for its attention to detail in terms of set design and visual effect. Focusing on developments in Britain, France, and Germany, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of the practices, styles, and function of cine- matic production design during this period, and its influence on subsequent filmmaking patterns. Tim Bergfelder is Professor of Film at the University of Southampton. He is the author of International Adventures (2005), and co- editor of The German Cinema Book (2002) and The Titanic in Myth and Memory (2004). Sarah Street is Professor of Film at the Uni- versity of Bristol. She is the author of British Cinema in Documents (2000), Transatlantic Crossings: British Feature Films in the USA (2002) and Black Narcis- sus (2004). Sue Harris is Reader in French cinema at Queen Mary, University of London. She is the author of Bertrand Blier (2001) and co-editor of France in Focus: Film
    [Show full text]