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r t r Ma o ie Cooke a i i e ick u c iso ee o G ewe C is i e S e e s Cy ia Wi so O ice s C is i e S e e s esi e Cy ia Wi so ice esi e ee o G ewe Sec e a y e ick u c iso easu e S nt f C tt Ma o ie A c e Ge a e a e e e y M a a a O a s "Tamworth Two" Win Fame by Cheating the Butcher oge ay e The two pigs shown above, ick ame u c Cassi y a Su a ce ig Samue eacock M o Wa s M we e e su ec o wi es ea u ic sym a y i a ua y w e ey esca e om a Ma mes u y E g a a a oi s o y e o e ey we e o e s aug - Int rn t n l C tt e e A i e e A u a M - Me ico W e ey saw ei o e ki e e im e gi ge -co o e igs e u e G A ikas M - G eece s aug e ouse wo ke s w o c ase em o e mi u es i u c w igg e Am assa o a a ak usai - a g a es oug a o e i e wa a Su a ce o owe ey e swam ac oss e A ge a Ki g - U i e Ki g om i e A o o a sma woo ey s e si ays o e u u i g w ic ey Simo Muc i u - Ke ya cause qui e a o o me ia a u ic a e io as we as comica e o s o Go o e o S u i - C i e a e e em M s umi iko ogo - a a K aus es e gaa - e ma k ey we e e e ua y caug u c (ac ua y a ema e was co e e i a A e eyYa oko - ussia ie w i e Su a ce was a qui i e y e S CA I ig o e o o ie y e o ci e esca ees a wo ei ow e c a ge is mi a ou a i g St ff nd C n lt nt em s aug e e a ey wi i e ou ei i es i a a ima sa c ua y ea y Com u e Co su a o G ei e Assis a o e O ice s ia e a e so a m A ima Co su a ...But Slaughterhouse Conditions Are No LaughingMatter y e u c iso W a e Cam aig Coo i a o oug e amwo wo s s ow a a a y e i g s aug e ouse Ca y iss E ecu i e i ec o co i io s a e a y i g u a y & G ewma e s aug e ouse om e aug o Mai O e Sec e a y w ic e igs esca e was amo g 7 s aug e ouses a mea a s " ame G e a i sso Wi i e Co su a a s ame " a e i a ua y y i is go e me i s ec o s o o ems wi a ick o a u ica io s Coo i a o ygie e oo sa e y a a i g e i e ike A mi is a i e Assis a u co i io s i s aug e ouses i e U i e S a es ge e a y a e wo se y ik o ei a M a a ei Eu o ea cou e a s e e is wi es ea ai u e o o se e o a o a o y A ima Co su a e o ce e e e mos u ime a y o isio s o e uma e S aug e Ac as e e i e i ick A mi is a i e Assis a uma e a mi gAssocia io s Gai Eis i e ea e i e ook Sl ht rh (see A am o e s esea c Associa e s o y age 1 a see a so e a 1997 A WI Q rt rl . e W i e Wi i e I es iga o
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AGE 4 • WI E 8 AWI QUA E Y C IM S ESE E A O O A E ISC A GE "My ultimate wish for the Air Force chimpanzees is the same as it is for all the other
chimps in labs... to know the grass and sun, and to know freedom and peace." — Dr. Jane Goodall by Adam Roberts In the 1950s, the United States Air Force took 65 infant chimpan- zees from the wilds of Africa to use in America's burgeoning space program. As the race for space exploration accelerated, a three-year old "astrochimp" named Ham was rocketed into space on January 31, 1961. Later that year, five-year old Enos took a similar dangerous adventure. Soon thereafter, John Glenn led another historical Ameri- can primate mission into outer space. Now, almost four decades later, John Glenn is retiring from the Senate and preparing to return to space aboard the shuttle, but what of the original chimpanzees and their offspring? 142 chimpanzees, currently "owned" by the Air Force, are up for grabs—but not necessarily to the highestbidder. The Air Force has issued a "Request for Proposals (RFP) for Divestiture of the USAF's Primate Research Complex (PRC)," including the chimpanzees it owns. TheAir Forcewill examine proposals that allow the further utilization ofthe animals "for scientific research or medical research purposes" as well as those that aim to "retire and provide adequate care for such chimpanzees." The latter plan—retirement for h h t th— n h t h p nz th r t n G d ll ll n xpr n f " xtr t rr r"— ft r n in th theseAmerican heroes—is the only acceptable option. M r r p p l . The Air Force has not shown a preference for either more research or justified retirement. It only specifies that the chimps will be given to The National Academy of Sciences has recently determined that there whoever presents "the best opportunity for the Air Force to divest itself should be a chimpanzee breeding moratorium for at least five years. of the PRC and chimpanzees while assuring the continued well-being of Sadly, Minnie died on March 14, before getting the well-deserved the chimpanzees." These chimpanzees have served the country well and opportunity for a peaceful retirement. deserve an honorable discharge from military service. They should be There are, ofcourse, many other notable chimpanzee inmates deserv- retired to an appropriate facility where they can thrive without the threat ing to be free from further servitude. According to the Air Force's of further laboratory experiments. behavioral profile sheets, for instance: Beth, #1327, "likes apples, ba- To meet the chimpanzees' long-term needs, a number ofcompassion- nanas. Offers fruit, biscuits, and other food to people. You must takewhat ate individuals have created a non-profit organization, the Center for she offers you or she gets very upset. Also has to touch caretaker's face for Captive Chimpanzee Care. The center, whose board ofdirectors includes reassurance.... Understands human language. Talk to her a lot." Doug, renownedscientists such as Dr. Roger Fouts and Dr. Jane Goodall, intends #750, is "Very athletic, likes to climb, loves magazines, paper, mirrors.... to bid on the Air Force chimps and retire them to a sanctuary created He can leap a long distance.... Likes to roughhouse, likes to observe specifically for their care. According to Dr. Fouts, "TheAir Force has an humans, apparently sees images in photos well.... He is very observant, ethical obligation to honorably retire these involuntary recruits to a very smart, likes to interact with humans." sanctuary where they can live out their lives in peace." Since so many ofthe chimpanzees are already in Coulston's facilities, Interestingly, one of the criteria for evaluation of proposals for these it is difficult for other bidders, such as the Center for Captive Chimpanzee chimps is a "suitable" historical record that demonstrates that "the Care, to get all information related to the medical care and health status offeror can competently care for each chimpanzee the offeror might of the individual animals. It is very tough for bidders to plan for the receive." Furthermore, preference is to be given to those individual chimps' long-term carewithout this crucial medical information. Thirty- bidders "who have a documented history of compliance with public seven members ofthe US Congress sent a letter to theAir Force asking that law and regulations and/or a history of responsive correction of all relevant information about all an i mals be made "readily available" in noncompliance pertaining to the care and use of chimpanzees." order to "carryout the divestment in a truly fair and competitive manner." The well-financed Coulston Foundation, owner ofthe largest chim- New York Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan has also shown concern for panzee colony in the world, surely will bid on the Air Force chimps in an the fate of these research primates. In a letter to a New York middle school, effort to profit by keeping these animals in some kind oflaboratory research. Moynihan wrote: "I am strongly in favor of the humane treatment of In fact, Coulston already leases some of the animals from the Air Force for animals during andafier relearch programs" (emphasis added). use in HIV and hepatitis testing. Coulston does not, however, have a clean The current lease for e chimpanzees expires on September 30, record with respect to the well-being ofanimals in its care (see facing page). 1999. However, the Air Force is expected to decide the chimps' future There should be great concern among all animal advocates at the by this summer. You can help these chimps by writing to the Air Force thought of these intelligent, highly social chimps falling into Coulston's urging it to give the 142 chimpanzees the retirement they so richly hands. The youngest individual, Lil' Minnie, is just four years old, deserve. Write to: Chimpanzee Divestment Officer, HSC/PK, 8005 9th born in 1993. Her mother, the oldest, Minnie, was born in 1957. The Street, Brooks AFB, TX 78235-5353. elder Minnie, Chimp #46, began her research "career" with a "Ther- For more information about the Center for Captive Chimpanzee mal-Humidity test" in late 1959. She endured a "Project Mercury Care, write to: Dr. Carole Noon, The Center for Captive Chimpanzee Zero G test," a "Drug Study," a "Comparative Psychology test" and, Care, P.O. Box 3746, Boynton Beach, FL 33424; or, on the World Wide between 1972 and 1998, languished while being used for breeding. Web, see http://www.savethechi mps.org/main.htm I.
AWI QUA E Y WI E 8 • AGE W ld Ap v On An th r " ttl t " Researchers have found that bonobos- close relatives of chimpanzees and humans who are often called "pygmy chimpanzees"— leave sophisticated messages for one another, calling into further doubt human claims of a monopoly on symbolic communication. Bonobos, who live in groups of about 100 along the Congo River, nest in trees together at night but split up to forage by day; they nest in a different place each night. E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh, of Georgia State Uni- versity, announced findings in February (in a presentation to the American Association for the Advancement of Science) that illumi- nate the mystery of how the roving bonobos find the new nesting site. Savage-Rumbaugh found that at trail in- Ch p nz d v l p nd h r tr n f l b nd . Ev n l b r t r h p , h h v tersections, bonobos systematically left com- b n l t d nd t n ll d pr v d f r l n p r d f t , r p bl f f r n plex markers behind, so that those who fol- pl x l r l t n h p th th r h p nz . lowed would know where to go. A lead group would stamp down vegetation or rip off large According to an Associated Press story on tree trunk crossed the path, there were smashed leaves and carefully point them in the direc- Savage-Rumbaugh's discovery, the signs are plants in front and behind. If plants were tion of travel. "What they are doing," said by no means arbitrary and surprisingly adap- disturbed only in front of the trunk, the Savage-Rumbaugh, "is leaving little notes in tive: "In muddy areas where footprints were animals then walked on top of the trunk, the vegetation." obvious, no plants were disturbed. When a following it to another trails." 0,
EW OOK O IMA E CA E US A C pl nt l d A n t C l t n U IS E Y AWI On March 7 the United States Department ofAgriculture hit the Coulston Foundation (TCF)—a New Mexico research facility run by maverick toxicologist Frederick Coulston- with its second official complaint for failing to comply with the Animal Welfare Act. Among other serious animal-care problems, two chimpanzees died under suspicious circumstances at Env r n nt l Enh n nt TCF in 1997. f r One ofthe chimpanzees, Jello, died in an incident in which he and two other chimps were C d anesthetized together; he apparently choked on his own vomit. TCF had claimed that Jello h died because another chimp had stepped on his neck. Whichever was the cause ofJello's death, M USDA found that sedating the chimps together and sedating them in the same room both constituted inadequate veterinary care, punishable by law. Echo, another chimp, died after surgery for an injury to her arm. Whistleblowers—who contacted the group In Defense ofAnimals—said that "the veterinarians who operated on Echo ph t r ph were so inexperienced that they were forced to consult a surgery manual while the young chimp d nt t n was on the operating table." Eleven highly experienced veterinarians have left TCF, 5 in the past year alone; those hired to replace them have had very little experiencewith chimpanzees.
Viktor Reinhardt In addition for chargingTCF for its tragically inadequate veteri nary care, USDA cited grave David Seelig problems with the maintenance and cleanliness ofits primate enclosures, as well as with food spoilage, contamination, and infestation; waste disposal; pest and parasite control; structural soundness; shelter from temperature extremes; and ventilation. USDA issued an earlier complaint against CoAlston on July 6,1995. Inspectors discovered "that the Coulston Foundation failed to provide water to 14 nonhuman primates... causing Environmental Enhancement for CagedRhesus all these primates to become severely dehydrated and causing the death offourofthem; control Macaques, by Viktor Reinhardt and David Seelig, the temperature in a sheltered housing facility for nonhuman primates... allowing the is a fully illustrated, comprehensive resource for temperature at one den containing three primates to reach 140 degrees Fahrenheit and causing providing rhesus macaques with species-appro- the death of the primates; [and] provide adequate space to 37 nonhuman primates." TCF priate environments. was fined $40,000. The book is available free to libraries, The recent complaint makes it all the more urgent that the 142 Air Force chimpanzees (see humane societies, and to research facilities; for facing page) not end up in Coulston's facility. TCF cannot take care of the primates it has others, the cost is $2, Postpaid. now—with tragic results. a AGE 6 • WI E 8 AWI QUA E Y CA AMI Y O WI O A GU A S I O EO Willy Smits, a Dutch advisor to the former Minister of Forestry, tan extinction throughout much of Borneo. Soon there will only be recently appeared on television screens throughout the world, per- tiny populations of wild orangutans in parks and reserves. Most sonally fighting fires in Kalimantan and asking for Western aid to help orangutans in the "wild" will consist of a genetically mixed population endangered orangutans. The situation seems straightforward: the of orangutans from all over Kalimantan concentrated in an ecologically massive fires that raged from July to November 1997 have returned peripheral area that probably cannot support orangutans long-term. to East Kalimantan (East Borneo) this year as a result of El Nino, the Thus, the elite who profit from the conversion of Indonesia's forests weather pattern responsible for prolonged drought throughout the will not be bothered by the inconvenience of a large, charismatic region. Orangutans, once again, are in danger. species such as the orangutan going extinct in full view of the world, But, like so much else in Indonesia, the situation is not as it especially if the fires can be blamed. Smits will have taken care of the appears. Willy Smits is not the hero he appears to be in front of problem for them. television cameras and reporters. Quite the opposite: Smits allegedly To complete this removal policy, Smits advocates a strict policy of helped write and implement the forestry policy that has destroyed isolating orphan and older orangutans from human contact. He argues hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of acres of tropical forest, and that isolation is necessary to protect wild populations from diseases that has brought orangutans to the edge of extinction. Knowledge- contracted from humans. Over the past quarter century, hundreds of able sources in Indonesia acknowledge that Smits has working ties rescued wildborn orangutans, nursed and reared by people, have been with Mohamed "Bob" Hasan, the timber and plantation tycoon who released at various sites in Borneo. There is no evidence of the spread headed Indonesia's monopolistic plywood cartel. Last month Hasan of contagious diseases to wild populations, such as the polio epidemic was named Minister of Trade and Industry, a position made even that occurred among chimpanzees at (then) Gombe Stream Reserve. more pivotal by Indonesia's economic crisis, which has earned the Rather, these rehabilitation sites have begun to attract ecotourists, who country the term "Asia's sickest tiger." create jobs for local people and put much needed cash into local Smits is not a primatologist nor does he have any formal training economies. The true reason for removal seems to be that if orangutans in medicine or wildlife management. Rather, he is an expert in fungi are out of sight, they are out of mind. and in grafting technology for the timber industry. He had been in In addition, Smits takes care of the problem by "leading the charge" Indonesia many years before he suddenly became interested in against anyone who dares dissent from the publicized forestry "party orangutan conservation. Coincidentally, with Dutch government line" designed by Smits as Forestry Minister advisor. He also runs the support, he became director of an orangutan rehabilitation center forestry computer network and wages email wars against dissidents. about the time Indonesia switched from a policy of selective logging The victims of the fires and this forestry policy have been the of ancient tropical forests to clear-cutting vast tracts of forest for people of Kalimantan, the forests, and wildlife such as the orangutans. plywood, a more profitable but far more destructive endeavor. In Beginning in July of last year, forest and brush fires raged across vast Jakarta, Indonesia's capital, some have whispered that Willy Smits's areas oflndonesia, particularly in Kalimantan and Sumatra, blanketing forestry and orangutan rehabilitation programs are smokescreens much of Southeast Asia with smoke that spread as far as Darwin, under which the powerful elite of Indonesia, such as Bob Hasan, Australia and Bangkok, Thailand. Throughout the region, the toxic destroy vast areas of tropical forest to convert the land to timber and haze closed schools and airports, disrupted both sea and ground palm oil estates. transport, inflicted eye, skin and respiratory illnesses on millions of Smits's insistence that "rehabilitated," wildborn orangutans be sent people and probably caused numerous deaths among the weak and and released to distant mountainous forests, which have never been elderly. occupied by wild orangutan populations, conveniently concentrates Last year commentators repeatedly noted that efforts to fight the orangutans into a small corner of Kalimantan that is difficult to log. It fires were too little, too late and that many government agencies seemed removes the visible endangered orangutans from the most profitable to be paralyzed. Indonesia's then Minister of the Environment was the lowland forests, much as earlier programs relocated the Penan hunter- first to speak out, warning as early as March 1997 of expected drought gatherers so that their ancestral forests could be logged at will. conditions and then later blaming commercial interests for using the The end result of this orangutan relocation policy will be orangu- fires to clear forested land. The Minister of the Environment mobilized the Indonesian NGO's, many of which es- I AI A tablished and maintained fire monitoring 0 I MI ES z U EI posts and distributed face masks and other IA equipment in the field. Teams of volunteers, MA 0 many students, went out under the auspices ( K l nt n of the Environment Ministry to fight the % S tr ( rn fires directly. The Minister of Forestry also C l b Ir n spoke out strongly, even offering to resign, rt A UA but took little or no action against those EW GUI EA setting the fires. „z „ Few governments are willing to admit that palm oil and pulpwood plantations are
r n being installed immediately after the clearing I O ESIA of ancient primary tropical forests. Indonesia AUS A IA is an exception. A 1995 report by the World AWI QUA E Y WI E 8 • AGE
Wide Fund for Nature notes that "Indonesia is perhaps the only the dramatic losses incurred since the economic crisis hit last year. country where the planned expansion of the pulp and paper industry Before the crisis, Indonesia had plans to increase pulpwood plantations openly involves the clearfelling ofsubstantial areas of rainforest." Fire, to about 15 million acres during the next decade. Now the plans for of course, is an effective tool for clearing forests. forest conversion to pulpwood and other plantations have increased Approximately 2 million hectares (about 5 million acres) of forest dramatically the size of the areas to be cleared. burned last year. Analyses of satellite data and land-use maps have The fires and the forest conversion to plantations have wreaked confirmed that approximately 80% of the fires originated in lands havoc on the orangutans. During the last twenty years at least 50% of controlled by palm oil and timber concessionaires. Fire is simply the orangutan habitat has been destroyed and the wild orangutan popu- cheapest way to clear tropical forest once the large valuable lation halved. Current estimates of the number of orangutans in timber is removed. The timber industry is regulated, but the Borneo range from 20,000 to 30,000 individuals. Last year's fires wood from palm oil plantations, is not. Not only does the resulted in several thousand orangutans slaughtered and their palm oil concessionaire initially get the valuable timber infants taken into captivity and the pet trade. Last year "free," but burning costs about a quarter as much as Indonesia's rehabilitation programs were deluged with any other method of removing trees. Some fires newly captured infants under dire emergency con- are, of course, started by slash-and-burn hor- ditions. Orangutans, flushed out ofthe forest by ticulturists, but these fires are typically fires and lack of food, were frequently killed small and well controlled. Yet timber by local villagers, themselves suffering and plantation baron Bob Hasan, as from illness and poor harvests from well as Willy Smits, continue to the fires. In the battle for dimin- blame traditional shifting culti- ishing resources, local villagers vators for the fires in the face of have shown no hesitation in killing evidence that strongly suggests other- or capturing any wildlife, including wise. orangutans. I n booming times, the killing The more recent fires reported in East and capture of orangutans held less interest. Kalimantan are a result of a predicted second, This year's burning season may be even more severe phase of El Nino which has again worse, if current predictions hold. The orangutan denied rain to East Kalimantan. Decades of unsus- has never been under greater threat. tainable logging and recent conversion of forest to plan- The United States should be very careful in aiding tations has degraded millions of acres of once primary Indonesia. Indonesia is too important a player in the world tropical forest, leaving the forests unusually vulnerable to fire. to ignore. Harsh demands might backfire, plummeting the Forest that is damaged by logging is eight to ten times more likely fourth largest country in the world into political and social chaos. to burn than primary forest. Forestry policies related to illegal and legal But there is no reason to support destructive forestry policies and an logging, palm oil and timber estates and other industrial agriculture unaccountable system of environmental regulation. There is no reason have provided concessionaires, government contractors and local to support giant pulp mill complexes owned by Bob Hasan and others villagers with incentives to clear large areas of land by fire. Lack of in East Borneo or the huge mega-rice swamp clearing project proposed oversight over the large logging and plantation companies has led to by another tycoon who saw an opportunity to make even more millions a situation where economically powerful business conglomerates of dollars at the expense of villagers and wildlife in the area. appear to be in a league of their own apparently above the law. Finally, The US has voiced concern about Indonesia's economy and weak community rights over land and resources, whether traditional political future, focusing on Indonesia's monopolies, weak banking or contemporary, have left local villagers without mechanisms for system and "fat cats" at the center. But it has said little about the fires challenging policies and holding concessionaires and others account- that ruin people's health and lifeways, as well as hastening the able for forest destruction. destruction of biodiversity and wildlife. Indonesia had been the darling of the International Monetary North American governments should also support the local NGO's, Fund (IMF) and the World Bank for many years. With its annual some of them tiny indeed, which as a group attempted to monitor the economic growth rate of 7%, Indonesia was considered one ofAsia's fires and took leadership action in local communities. But these NGO's "dragons." The enormous wealth accumulated by the First Family must be of the soil, of the land and of the forest and they must be run and their friends, such as Bob Hasan and others, was seen as part of by Indonesians for Indonesia. the price to be paid for Indonesia's economic miracle. However, in The Ministry of the Environment needs to be supported with mid-1997, while the sun was obliterated by smoke haze throughout technological and financial assistance at all levels. southern Asia, a crisis swept through the stock exchanges and currency Finally, people should realize that while El Nino is a natural markets ofAsia, beginning in Thailand and pulling in other nations phenomenon, that the fdrestry and orangutan policies which are of the region as well. Indonesia's initial response to the crisis was seen causing the orangutans to go extinct are orchestrated by visible people as admirable, but this rapidly changed. Soon Indonesia was also forced such as Willy Smits, an official advisor in the Ministry of Forestry, and to compromise with the IMF. Among other reforms imposed by the Bob Hasan, timber tycoon extraordinaire. They help dictate the IMF, Bob Hasan's plywood monopoly was dismantled. policies that are leaving dead orangutans in charred forests while local Indonesia's economic crisis means that there are now even fewer villagers, angry and in ill health, wonder why the forests of their youth resources to fight the fires. But the crisis has another more important are gone and why they grow poorer every day while Smits flies in effect. Adding fuel to the fire, companies and concessionaires are helicopters inspecting the fires and Hasan—smiling, counting his accelerating forest clearing and conversion in a scramble to make up fortune, and selling his plywood—becomes a cabinet minister. a AGE 8 • WI E 8 AWI QUA E Y
A E I G AC O O EC I OS & IGE S by Adam Roberts When former Massachusetts Congressman Gerry Studds called for In the United Kingdom, legislation currently prohibits sale ofendan- House consideration of the "Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Act" on gered species and products that claim to contain endangered species. It is September 27, 1994, he noted that he introduced the bill "out ofconcern not surprising to note that EIA's investigation into six London pharmacies over the senseless slaughter of these magnificent creatures by poachers to and supermarkets and eight Glasgow pharmacies uncovered no instances satisfy the demand for rhino and tiger parts in oriental medicines." The of tiger bone products offered for sale. bill was unanimously passed. While the de- However, a telephone survey 0130 Chinese mand for products containing these highly pharmacies in Tokyo and Yokohama revealed endangered species still exists, so, too, does that 20 admitted to offering products which Congressional concern for their protection. purported to contain tiger bone. This is an This legislative regard for rhinos and tigers almost twenty percent increase since a similar recently led the US House of Representatives to surveywas undertaken in 1995. In Amsterdam, approve the reauthorization of the Rhinoceros five out of six stores visited had tiger bone and Tiger Conservation Act through the year available. And a survey in New York's Chinatown 2004. The law gives the Secretary of Interior found that a remarkable 14 out of 17 pharma- authority to select and fund projects around the cies and supermarkets entered had products globe which will contribute to the long-term clai in i ng to contain tiger parts. viabili these frag ile s ecies • This astounding availability in New York tY Ab v nd b l : Ch n t r pr d t On April 28, the House also approved a was confirmed in a new study by the Wildlife separate bill, H.R. 2807, "The Rhino and Tiger Conservation Society which reveals that during Product Labeling Act." This bill would ensure a six-month investigation in New York, of the that no person may import, export, or sell within 37 shops surveyed, "67percent... contained at the United States "any product, item, or sub- least one product" that claimed to contain tiger stance intended for human consumption con- parts. The report also notes that "all of the taining or purporting to contain any substance products... were manufactured in China"— derived from any species ofrhinoceros or tiger." especially ironic since this is the Chinese Year of The tiger and all species ofrhinoceros except the Tiger. the South African White Rhino are listed on When the House Subcommittee on Fisher- Appendix I of the Convention on International ies Conservation, Wildlife and Oceans held a Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna hearing on these bills February 5, Dr. Lixing and Flora (CITES). As such, international Lao of the American College of Traditional commercialization of their parts and products is Medicine, concluded his remarks by pleading prohibited. Enforcement of this trade restric- with the subcomm ittee to "do whatever is in the tion is complicated, however, when products claim to contain rhino or tiger, scope of the committee and of your individual offices to help make this a but actually may not. It is difficult and expensive for customs agents to Year f r the Tiger." Part of that goal must focus on education and confiscate and reliably analyze such products and determine conclusively elimination of the demand for these unacceptable products. that they originate from these endangered species. The subcomm i tree staff briefing document for the hearing references Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt, testifying before Congress on behalf CITES data which notes: "South Korea has imported about 10,500 of the legislation ; noted: "Once these products reach the United States— pounds of tiger bone in the last six years. During the same period, China even when their labels blatantly claim that the items contain rhino or tiger reportedly exported more than 78 tons of tiger bones, which represents parts—the burden of proof is still on the Service to demonstrate scientifi- about 5,600 tigers or more than what is alive today." Secretary Babbitt cally whether the products contain what the label says. added during his testimony that "three of the recognized subspecies of "This is a time-consuming and expensive process. Forensics experts tigers have become extinct, and the remaining five species have come under estimate a cost of up to $100,000 to develop a DNA analysis test to identify severe threat." Babbitt further said that "to break the cycle ofpoaching and any particular group of wildlife, such as all rhinos or all tigers, and the illegal trade which has devastated so many rhino and tiger populations, we process would only work if DNA markers had not been destroyed when must also work to break supply lines and remove rhino and tiger products the product was manufactured. For example, if a product reported to from the marketplace." contain tiger bone has been heated to high temperatures during com- It can not be a unilatey effort by the United States, however. All pounding, a DNA analysis test could not be conclusive. The only Parties to CITES must invet heavily in rhino and tiger conservation and substance which could be confirmed is the presence of calcium, an the removal of endangered species products from all store shelves. The ingredient just as likely to represent cow bone and tiger bone." H.R. 2807 Parties to CITES decided last summer that the CITES Standing Commit- would prevent the importation and marketing ofsuch medicines and other tee shall examine tiger-trade issues "with a view to identifying, on a country- products, thus facilitating enforcement of important wildlife laws. by-country basis, additional legislative and enforcement measures that This legislation is especially important given the current demand may be necessary to stop the illegal trade in tigers and tiger parts and (especially for tiger bone products) in Asian communities throughout the derivatives." The Rhino and Tiger Conservation Act and Product United States and other major cities around the world. In 1997, the LabelingAct are two important steps toward ending this disastrous trade. Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) set out to assess availability of Other nations should enact similar laws to save the rhino and tiger for all tiger parts in London, Glasgow, Japan, Amsterdam, and New York. future generations. ∎11: 9
AWI QUA E Y WI 8 • AGE Sh ht h r d t End n r d Ant l p , Oth r W ldl f t by Adam Roberts "Fashioned for Extinction" is an enlightening new report from the Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI), in which authors Belinda Wright and Ashok Kumar expose the danger facing the endangered Tibetan antelope, or "chiru." Traditionally, the chiru has been poached for its meat and the males' horns, which are used in traditional medicine. "Shahtoosh," the under- coat, or down of the chiru, literally translated from Persian means "king ofwool." Today, the international illegal trade in this incredibly valuable fiber is the main driving force behind the poaching of the species. Sadly, in order to get the rich, soft, warm wool, the chiru face a cruel fate. WPSI's report vividly describes the leghold traps traditionally used to catch chiru. The foot traps have "small pointed sticks projecting toward the center.... When an antelope or gazelle steps into the trap and tries to b t n nt l p , r h r , r h f r f d n th h r h nt r f withdraw its leg, the sticks dig into the skin, holding the animal fast. Once th Ch n n pl t n b t. ensnared, the animal is shot by the trappers." In 1995, it was estimated that there were roughly 75,000 chiru left Debbie Banks, of the London-based Environmental Investiga- throughout its range across the Tibetan Plateau, although there are tion Agency (EIA) explored the illegal trade in shahtoosh during her undoubtedly many fewer today. As a result of the intense pressure on the presentation to the 40th meeting of the CITES Standing Committee, remaining chiru population, the species is listed on Appendix I of on March 4, 1998. Ms. Banks described the following: the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Raw shahtoosh wool, carried on the backs of mules and yaks, Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), and is brought to China's borders with India and China by Tibetan nomads. There it is traditionally bartered at remote Himalayan products such as shahtoosh are prohibited passes. For the past ten years the preferred barter items have from international commercialization. been wildlife products—tiger bone, bear gall bladders and However, in the past year alone, shahtoosh musk. products have been seized in India, China and The profits in this barter trade are enormous, up to 600%, and the increasing demand for shahtoosh is the United Kingdom. Most notably, an ongoing proving disastrous for the tiger! More recently control of sting operation by the London Metropolitan Po- the trade has passed into the hands of sophisticated lice department dubbed "Operation Charm," re- traders and smugglers. There is now a strong connec- sulted in the confiscation of 138 shahtoosh shawls tion with the narcotics trade. Militants are also known to smuggle shahtoosh from Nepal to Pakistan and with an estimated value of half a million dollars. The then back to Kashmir in India.... garments were exported from India to Britain. It is unrealistic to believe that the illegal trade in The profitable black market trade in shahtoosh—a shahtoosh can be curbed unless consumer na- single shahtoosh shawl can fetch well over $1,000— tions world-wide increase public awareness and enforcement efforts. threatens not only the chiru, but other threatened and endangered species as well. Tiger bone, bear gall bladders AWI joins EIA and WPSI in calling upon the govern- and musk deer pods are all valuable products in traditional ments of India, Nepal, and China to take immediate steps to end asian medicine and are traded for the high-priced chiru wool. As the trade in endangered chiru and tigers. Part of WPSI's recommen- long as this wildlife barter system functions without strict enforce- dations focus on an enhanced information campaign to educate ment, all the species involved in this lucrative wildlife trade are at risk. consumers about the increased dangers to wildlife when one purchases shahtoosh. Specifically, WPSI is urging the Indian government to require all shops selling shawls to post a notice describing the conser- vation risks involved in the illegal shahtoosh trade. All relevant governments must vigorously enforce the prohibition on the trade in products from the chiru and all other Appendix I CITES species, especially the highly endangered tiger. Without extraordinary pressure from animal protection advocates to ensure the governments' will both to educate consumers and to enforce the internationaliprohibition on the shahtoosh trade, the chiru could disappear forever, taking other fragile wild species into extinction with them. Copies f h n d For Extinction: An Expose ofthe Shahtoosh Trade are available from: The Wildlife Protection Society of India ". 4 Thapar House h b n nd n f l r l t r, h tr pp d n t l 124 Janpath n r nd b t n t d th b p h r n th n rth rn Ind n t t New Delhi 110001 f Utt r r d h. India AGE 0 • WI E 8 Ne4/4 AWI QUA E Y A IA EE SI E O ES S IM E SA ES O A A GAI O US O G OW OGGI G The US Forest Service has now admitted that it loses money on Julia Butterfly (pictured at right) has shown remarkable cour- its timber sales from national forests. The Forest Service's road system age and compassion by taking up residence in a 1,000-year-old is 378,000 miles in length--a shocking eight times the size of the US tree to protest old-growth logging. Her tree-sitting vigil, when interstate highways! Each year the Forest Service adds an average of we last heard, had lasted a world-record 100 days— 10,000 miles of new roads. days of freezing weather, high winds, frostbite, and The Western Ancient Forest Campaign (WAFC) harassment from logging giant Maxxam/Pacific estimates that the timber sale program lost at least $300 Lumber's helicopters. million last year and has been losing an average of this The 24-year-old activist, who prefers to climb amount since 1992. "The timber industry has received barefoot, is shown here perched on her tiny platform, an average of four billion feet of timber per year while 18 stories above the ground, equipped with a propane the taxpayers got nothing in return for these plundered stove and sheltered by tarps. assets," said a spokesman for WAFC. In the meantime, all around her, Pacific Lumber is busy clearcutting, not only devastating the precious G OU SEEKS WAYS O old-growth forests and their dwindling wildlife habi- O EC EU O E S WO ES tat, but opening the door to widespread, destructive erosion and mudslides. by John Gleiber There is nothing more heartwarming and hopeful for MO E OU E O MA AM the future than hearing about small, modestly funded and The state of California refused to renew the timber hard-working organizations devoting themselves to the operator's license for Maxxam's Pacific Lumber, citing protection of animals, often against overwhelming odds. 103 violations of timber harvest rules over the last This outpouring has been occasioned by the arrival of a three years. Subsequently the state issued a conditional report issued by the International Wolf Federation with a license which can be suspended on 24 hours' notice. summaryofthevisits of M. Chiacchia, B. Cypers and F. Van Pacific Lumber is the largest company ever to be Meulebeke (not exactly household names) to Poland and put on probation. Neighbors of Pacific Lumber's Slovakia this past year. forest holdings are suing the company. They sought to find out who is working on behalfofthe More direct action was taken by Alfred Day Decker, who an- beleaguered wolves, how effective they are proving to be, what future nounced he would seek the Republican nomination for Congress for priorities should be and to show the flag, so to speak. Hunting interests and the North Coast of California. He is standing trial after being charged habitat destruction have proved to be the main obstacles in developing a sane with mashing a fruit pie onto the head of Maxxam chief Charles program to prevent needless wolfslaughter. Hurwitz. "It's time to put the conserve back in conservative," said The main programs have been education of the young through Decker. schools, forest protection, networking, predator protection and dem- onstrations. They came into contact with a variety of groups and EG O A A O OGIS S SU ACE AS A organizations, all of whom seem to be young, indefatigable and ESU O W I EWA E I ES IGA IO sincere. With all that is going on in Mittel Europa today, scenes of dedicated and selfless groups meeting marching and just plain carry- You never know where you might bump into an acquaintance. ing-on may just presage good news for a lot of animals and the citizens Two of ours, Parker Dozhier and Steve Boynton, showed up in—of who love, admire and respect them. all places—the front page of The Washington Post, named by Dozhier's former girlfriend as supporters of David Hale, a prime witness in the CA EME OSE I WI EY SUI Whitewater affair. Television personality Oprah Winfrey won her hotly contested Parker Dozhier will long remain in our memories for his nearly lawsuit over "Food Libel" in February. The brash talk show host was incoherent testimony, on behalf the American Fur Resources Insti- targeted by a group of Texas cattlemen because a guest on Winfrey's tute, at the 1984 trapping hearings in the House Commerce Commit- wildly popular show—vegetarian activist Howard Lyman—specu- tee. "We are talking about pain and our understanding of pain" lated that Mad Cow Disease could spread to the United States. Dozhier testified. "I started trapping 35 years ago. I have not seen the The cattlemen charged that beef sales subsequently plummeted, type of pain and suffering.... I don't hear a sound. They are not telling and that Winfrey and her production company had knowingly aired me anything.... Until an animal can talk to me, I don't believe there's "false and defamatory" statements about the beef industry in general. a scientist or veterinarian in the room today that understands an Winfrey and Lyman were sued by the cattlemen for $12 million plus animals perception of pain, and until those animals can talk in our damages. Winfrey's defense was that Lyman's views were protected as language, I don't believe we will." free speech, and the judge in the case agreed, throwing the case out. Steve Boynton—who, along with an associate, has reportedly Had Winfrey lost, the chilling effect would have been disas- been receiving $26,000 per month from The American Spectator trous the powerful industries that produce our food would be able magazine to assist in "The Arkansas Project"—is a longtime lobbyist to crush reasoned inquiry into every aspect of how they operate, from for furriers, trophy hunters, and wildlife traders. Boynton attracted food-safety issues such as Mad Cow Disease, Salmonella and E. coli to considerable attention with his flamboyant behavior at the 1979 environmental questions such as pollution from hog waste to issues of CITES meeting in Costa Rica. Now the exploits of these two gentle- humaneness such as intensive confinement and slaughterhouse con- men appear destined for even wider recognition. ditions (see below). ?
AWI QUA E Y WI E 8 • AGE
O OSI IO O OG AC O IES IS ISI G I E WES A MI WES nx r t t d t t oug o e oes ecessa i y associa e e ma es ic ockies wi mass- o uce o k a e ou sme o og was e e e a si e a s o Co o a o os some o e a ges si g e og ac o y a ms i e is e ce—se e a co i e 5 sows i i - eous y c am e c a es A um e o Co o a o a me s a a c e s a e o me a o ga i a io ca e S E C w ic is us i g o a s a ewi e a o i i ia i e o e mammo og a ms I wou ca e ac o ies a 5 a ima s a o g wi aci g es ic io s o e s o age a is osa o ma u e ocke y a wo-yea mo a o ium o ew og ac o ies i ma u e-soake o Ca o i a e uge co o a e o e a io s suc as Mu y ami y a ms ( o e mis e y e " ami y" o e co o a io s ame a e ooki g o ew a s o co que a Iowa a Mi eso a a e i ei sig s I Iowa— as ei g ake o e y uge og o e a io s—a ew s a is isi g i e gu e a o ia ace ca i a e Ma k McCo mick w o as e e e e ace as a o o e o og A o g as e y a sec e i e c ea u e w o seeks e uge i ee o es s ac o ies McCo mick i e s o ace s i e es ic io s o wi e o ec e y e US go e me e ecisio o o ec e y was o u io o ai wa e a soi y e ac o ies; em owe s a e oug a ou oug a o e y US is ic Cou u ge G a ys Kess e i s ec o s o c ose su s a a o e a io s; a ec assi y e O y a ew u e y s i e is i e U i e S a es ac o ies as i us ia a e a ag icu u a usi esses— us I ook si yea s o i iga io y e i o me a a a ima o ec i e e e i g em om ge i g e same a a a ages e oye y o ga i a io s o ac ie e e se eme wi e US e a me s o us ice a i io a ami y a ms McCo mick wo u a so e ea e s a e s a I e io u ge Kess e s a e " e cou s a es a e co ce s e oque y o o ious i e 519 w ic gi es og ac o ies immu i y o awsui s oice y e ai i s e i e si y o ai i s ea o e ay is we - a o egu a io y oca cou ies ou e Mo eo e e go e me s ai u e o a e e e aise e ossi i i y Mi eso a o icia y k ow as e " a o 1 akes " o a ec usio i i g—wi i s co comi a su s a ia e ay—is e y was quick y sa i i e as " a o 1 agoo s" y og- ac o y ou i g a aises se ious ques io s a ou e eg ee o w ic e Go e - o o e s— e e i g o e giga ic cess oo s i w ic og was e me as ee u y ca i a o comi g wi e Cou " is s o e I its gu e a o ia ace (a smo gas o o o i ica egacies e e a me o e I e io wi u is a o ose u e o is e y a i c u es e so s o u e um ey Wa e Mo a e a u e e E a ge e S ecies Ac y u e 3 199 uma i a ia s s ou O i e eema ee o ou ca i a es a e us i g mo a o i- e ess ei su o o s o g e ec i e u es o kee y a i a sa e om ums o massi e og o e a io s e im e i us y a i s oos e s wi i e US o es Se ice Acco i g o a e e e s o Wi i e ess e ease as e Ca o o e "O GA IC S A A S": io i e si y ega ou a io i Co o a o s a e "W i e e ecisio o GO E ME I US Y W I EWAS o ec e y is way o e ue i wi i a y o ce e o es Se ice o mo e I 199 Co g ess c ea e e a io a O ga ic S a a s oa e ec i e y o ec y a i a Cu e y e e a e o s a a s o ( OS o e e mi e w a oo s cou ega y e ce i ie o ga ic i gui e i es o oggi g i y a i a i a y o ou a io a o es s " e U i e S a es e oa came u wi ecomme a io s w ic e o es Se ice s o e si y o ui oa s i ou a io a o es s e e e owe u ag i usi ess o y mos e i g y e oa was is i e a eas mus e cu e agai s c ue ac o y a mi g me o s ike i e si e co i eme Acco i g y—agai s e i e o e Co g ess— e OS s ec- s aug e ouses ac oss e cou y a a ess co e e ce e a e omme a io s we e swe asi e y e C i o A mi is a io o make a io a ess C u i Was i g o C o A i oom o a mo e co o a io - ie y e i i io o "o ga ic" oo "I e see cows wi ei ee cu o ey e ee e- o e ei ea s ioe gi ee e a ima s i i g o o uce e i i e wi o ic s u ge cu o a ei ea s a e ee ski e a ei u e s a e ee aise i o i y i uma e ac o y a ms emo e —a ey e i ki g ey e mooi g ey e mo i g " sai S e e I a i io o ig o i g e OS s ecomme a io a a m Cocke am a i es iga o wi e US A s oo Sa e y I s ec io Se ice a ima s mus a e ou oo access US A s o ose egu a io s wou "Ame ica s ee o k ow w a s goi g o e i e c ose oo s o o i i a e s suc as " uma e y aise " a " es ici e- ee a ms " e e a y i s ec e s aug ei ouses " sai Eis i " e sys em is e i y e ec i e y s u i g co sume s ou o e ic u e oke a i ee s o e i e " S e sai a e e a me s es o si i i y o e o ce e aw as ee "woe u y a s ame ess y misma age y e eo e w o we us o ma age i " S AUG E OUSE: E OSÉ GAI S A E IO , A e a ima s--some o w om a e agge o s aug e y c ai s CO O O A IO OM I S EC O S ei egs oke —a e o e o y ose s As e a s i a a a ica us Gai Eis i s s ocki g ook Slaughterhouse (see a 1997 AWI owa o i a e eck ess y i c ease i e s ee s (some as as as o e og Quarterly) was acke u y e e so a s o ies o cu e a o me e e y ee seco s i s ec o s ca o o e o ei o s o e y e US A em oyees w o we e c a ge wi e o ci g e uma e S aug - co o e sies o e Ma Cow isease a E. coli a e us e i o e e Ac a aw w ic Eis i e ea e is ei g ou i e y ig o e i ice e g oo - o e i esses a e qua u e i e as 15 yea s 9 AGE 2 • WI E 8 AWI QUA E Y r r pp n f r W n t C fr , W A r nt The trapping compromise reached in 1997—after two years of taken in #1 1/2 standard traps, engaged in self mutilation. The nine state haggling between the European Commission and negotiators from the study did not distinguish self mutilation; however among raccoons Russian Federation and Canada—was a bitter disappointment to humani- trapped in the Southeast US 40 of 98 taken in standard traps and 25 of tarians. (see Fall 1998A WI Quarterly) The European Council's acceptance 75 taken in padded #1 1/2 traps had damage scores above 125 on the Olson/ ofthe deal showed, once again, the smothering impact of the World Trade Nettles scale, which implies severe self mutilation, fractures, or both. Organization and "free trade" on environmental and humane regulations. The standard contained in the bilateral agreements, and "endorsed" Whatever their faults, however, the agreements between the European by the US, stipulates that 80% of trapped animals must not exhibit injuries Union and Canada and Russia are binding, bilateral treaties. In contrast, and behaviors deemed to be "indicators of poor welfare." These include the US-EU "agreement," accepted by the European Council late in 1997, "self directed biting leading to severe injury (self mutilation)," fracture, consists o f two brief, vaguely worded documents issued by the office of the amputation and several other injuries often suffered by trapped raccoons. US Trade Representative. One is called the "Agreed There is not the slightest possibility that either "con- Minute," the other the "Side Letter." The Agreed ventional" or padded #1 1/2 steel jaw leghold traps can Minute, after disavowing any intention of limiting pass this standard for raccoons. On the other hand, it state jurisdiction over wildlife, endorses the stan- is well established that baited cage traps are not only dards as a "common framework for implementation fairly benign, but efficient at catching raccoons, very by its competent authorities [the state game and fish possibly—when escapement through "wring offs" is agencies] for humane trapping." It then promises to taken into account—more efficient than are legholds. "encourage and support research" and "encourage... With the decline of commercial trapping and the competent authorities to monitor and report on increase in pest control, cages have become the most progress." widely used raccoon trap in the US. The Side Letter is slightly more specific. It Why, ifthe state authorities intend to conform to stipulates that use ofall jaw-type restraining traps for the standard, are they testing traps (including "con- ermine and muskrats will be ended four years after the Exp d b n n th f t f ventional" legholds) that cannot meet it, and ignoring entry into force of the bilateral agreements (ermine r n ht n l h ld tr p. the one trap that most obviously can? and otherweasels are almost never deliberately trapped US policy on trapping, first within the ISO trap for fur; the muskrat market is now virtually dead). The use of "conven- standards process, then in international negotiations, now in shaping so tional" steel jaw leghold traps will end six years after the agreements are called "BMPs" has been dominated by a small group ofstate managers and implemented. professional trappers, whose devotion to the steel jaw leghold trap, hiding In fact, neither the Federal government, nor the International Associa- behind phrases such as "indispensible management tool," is nothing short tion of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (IAFWA—the powerfully entrenched offanatical. There is no evidence at all that these dogged, resourceful men have Washington lobby whose fur resources committee negotiated the deal with flagged in their determination to retain this, somehow precious, "tool." the EU) has any feasible way of forcing individual states to comply with There is evidence, however, that ideologues such as those who have the agreements. The view within the ranks of the state managers—forcibly defined state and national trapping policy are increasingly out ofstep not stated at the recent North American Wildlife Conference—is that state onlywith a great majority of the general public, but with their professional compliance is purely "voluntary." The Europeans may regard their colleagues. In a paper given at the North American Wildlife Conference, acceptance of two obliquely worded scraps of paper in lieu of a binding Professor Robert Muth of the University of Massachusetts presented the agreement as an act of faith; state managers evidently regard it as an act of results ofa questionnaire sent to 4000 members offour professional wildlife surrender. societies, including the Society ofConservation Biologists and the Wildlife As their long-touted process for achieving "best management practices Society. On the question of whether it is "appropriate" to use steel jaw for trapping furbearers" (BMP) gets underway, the states' intentions leghold traps, the 3200 respondents split: 43% against, 42% in favor. remain opaque; BMP trap testing so far has merely repeated tests—carried Among those registering disapproval, 93% listed cruelty as a reason; 88% out intermittently for two decades—that compare victims taken in listed capture of non-target species. conventional traps with those trapped with padded traps. Current testing These results puncture the claim, repeated ad nauseam by defenders seems almost identical to the "nine-state study" carried out by IAFWA's of the steel jaw leghold trap that their views are the views of all "trained fur resources committee in 1986-7; it involves the same traps, the same wildlife professionals." They also reflect a growing unease, even among species, and many ofthe same people. The only relatively new design being state managers, with their reactionary leadership, and a recognition— tested is the so called EGG trap, a raccoon trap with holding surfaces galvanized by the results of public referendums in Arizona, Colorado and shielded by an egg-shaped plastic cover to prevent self-mutilation. Massachusetts—that this is damaging the credibfilityofstateagencieswith The absurdity of the current research is nowhere more evident than the public. in the case of raccoons. The behavior of raccoons caught in leghold traps Eventually, the reformers may prevail. In the meantime the charade has been confirmed by dozens of field studies; the animals chew—and continues; senseless repeat testing, ad absurdum, of"conventional" leghold often amputate—their feet. In one New Jersey study, nine of twelve traps at federal government expense; maneuvering and stalling behind a captured raccoons amputated portions of the captured foot; one animal screen of persiflage. The USDA's Division of Wildlife Services provided was retained only by a digital flexor. In a trapping test carried out in Illinois, $350,000 to carryout this season's BMP testing, apparentlywith no strings 15 of39 raccoons taken in small, double-jawed legholds and 10 of28 taken attached and no questions asked. It should not comm it another dime toward in #1 1/2 padded traps had either chewed off portions of the captured foot, trap testing until it is clear that the research is directed toward genuine reform suffered compound fractures, or both. Among raccoons trapped by Tuner oftrapping and bringing the US into compliance with the commitments the in New York, 50% of those taken in # 1' padded traps and 55% of those Europeans—however naively—believe we have made. a z
AW I QUA E Y WI E 8 • AGE I MEMO Y O Aw EASU E OGE S E E S 191 -199 by John Gleiber Roger Lacey Stevens, the treasurer of the Animal Welfare Institute and ofits companion organization, the Society forAnimal Protective Legislation, died on February 2 of pneumonia. The husband of the founder of the two organizations, Christine Stevens, he, like her, had served without pay and, like her, gave of his expertise in his commitment to the cause of animal welfare. In fact, the Animal Welfare Institute was founded in 1952 as the result ofhis intervention in the National Society ofMedical Research's effort to destroy the organized humane movement in the United States. After the Second World War, the NSMR launched an aggressive attack on humane society shelters, forcing them in state after state to surrender dogs and cats to experimental laboratories for painful tests. Mr. Stevens offered a gift of $10,000 to the organization that collectively represented the humane groups—albeit weakly and ineffectively. When his offer was refused, the Animal Welfare Institute was founded to fight the NSMR's animal seizure bills, and to advance the welfare Christine nd r St v n t t n f th Int rn t n l Wh l n ofAnimals by reducing the sum total of pain and fear inflicted C n n Gl , S tl nd, n 2. on animals by humans. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens worked together during their marriage of 60 years Sympathy," "The Bad Seed," "A Man for All Seasons" and "Bus for their respective and joint interest. Roger Stevens's business sense and grasp Stop." Gore Vidal, T.S. Eliot, Eugene O'Neill, Noel Coward, of the needs of non-profit organizations were invaluable to the continuing Robert Anderson, William Inge, Jean Anouilh, Tennessee Will- success of the two organizations. We mourn our loss and are grateful for his iams, Arthur Miller, Jean Giraudoux and Harold Pinter were steady, unselfish and dedicated service to our cause. among the authors whose work he brought to the live stage. He was modest and soft-spoken, and he genuinely disliked Followingare excerpts from The Washington Post 'sFebruary 3 obituary of talking about himself. Despite his penchant for rumpled suits and Roger Stevens, written by Bart Barnes. reluctance to purchase new clothes, there was an air of elegance Roger L. Stevens, 87, the founding chairman of the Kennedy Center about him. In his pocket, he carried a piece of lined and wrinkled for the Performing Arts... served 27 years as chairman of the Kennedy paper on which he had written down his daily schedule. Play- Center's board of trustees.... wright Arthur Kopit called that habit, "carry- He was appointed in 1961 by President John F. ing his office around in his pockets." Kennedy as board chairman of what was then the Roger Lacey Stevens was born in Detroit National Cultural Center. At the time, a national and grew up in Ann Arbor, Mich., where his facility for the performing arts in Washington was no father was a wealthy real estate broker. The more than a vision in the mind's eye of the artistic young Stevens attended the Choate School in community. For the next 10 years, Stevens guided Wallingford Conn., and had planned to enter and coaxed the project along a slippery and tortuous Harvard University. But his father suffered path to fruition. In 1971, the Kennedy Center, serious financial setbacks in the Great Depres- named for the slain president at Stevens's suggestion, sion, and Stevens enrolled instead at the Uni- opened with its first performance, the world premiere versity of Michigan. In 1930, he left college of composer Leonard Bernstein's "Mass." Since then, after a year and went to Detroit, where he thousands of the world's leading musicians, actors worked for the next five years as a gas station and dancers and its finest artistic ensembles have attendant and on the assembly line at Ford performed on the Kennedy Center stages, bringing Motor Co. One summer he rode the rails to to the nation's capital a cultural explosion that helped Montana, intending to find a job harvesting dispel its image as a city of "dead monuments and a wheat, but he failed in his first assignment, dull bureaucracy." Producer David Merrick called it which was to hitch up a team of horses. "the most successful cultural facility in the world." Periodically, he sold his own blood to meet Acoustics in its Opera House were said to be among living expenses. He was robbed at gunpoint late the finest anywhere. In the wake of its opening, scores t f r St v n n th Hall one night while working at a Detroit gas station, of other local artistic efforts flourished. f St t t th hn . K nn d and he was reprimanded by his boss for carrying C nt r f r th rf r n Art . Although best known for his work at the Kennedy too much money—$25, which the gunman Center, Stevens also played a pivotal role in persuading Congress to pass took. At Ford, where his job involved burnishing gears by holding legislation establishing the National Endowment for the Arts, which them up against whirring metal brushes, he always was getting his represented the federal government's first attempt to become a national hands cut. From those experiences, he became a labor union arts patron. He then served as the endowment's first chairman.... supporter and a lifelong Democrat. During his spare time he He also had produced more than 250 plays and musicals, including compensated for his lack of a college degree by reading extensively "West Side Story," "Annie," "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof," "Tea and at the Detroit public library. a AGE 4 • WI E 8 AWI QUA E Y IWC Ant M t n Wh l rv tt r th n th Ir h r p l y A a o o a A e a e o isma ck e I is o osa as ee ac i e y su o e y Ge ma y A i i ia i e y e go e me o I e a o o e u e Swi e a Swe e a e i e a io a o ice o e Wo wi e i e a io a a o comme cia w a e u i g a i o a ick wa u o a u e I e a i se a e ious y ee a s o g su o e a a s ecia mee i g o e I e a io a W a i g Commissio (IWC o e a o comme cia w a e u i g u i 1995 a 199 i e i A igua i a ua y e o osa i s iga e y Mic ae o e i a o o a a s o osa o es a is a comme cia u o Ca y—I e a s commissio e o e IWC a cu e y i s c ai - mi ke w a es o a cou y s coas ma —was ese e o e s ecia i e cessio a mee i g i a I o ica y e o osa o a ow esume u i g i coas a wa e s a a e a em o " us ou " e a a ese a o wegia go e - coi ci es wi e eme ge ce o a a ge o y o scie i ic a a w ic me s o gai ei su o s ows a coas a o es a e e mos eg a e a amage a eas o Ca y s o ose ea wou a ow esume comme cia w a e e ocea so-ca e " o s o s" o e y ea s esses o w a es a u i g i "coas a wa e s" i e c a ge o a ag eeme o a o i s ese i e se e i o me a ea s i c u i g o u io i e a io a a e i w a e o uc s a a e o so-ca e "scie - a i a es uc io oise ca o e o e e e y i as ea y as e i ic esea c " ca c es e o i g a oo e o osa is omi ous y e oi o s eci ics W a e ac y W i e e IWC me i A igua e i is Go e me a e o "coas a wa e s" wi mea o e am e is e i e y u c ea e i s Sus ai a e e e o me e ease i s ou e o s a i g a " i e sugges io o e a e wou co e o e wo s ocea s yea s a e e Ea Summi i io i e og ess as ee ma e i A mos a w a e o u a io s s e a eas a o e yea wi i suc ee e i g e u e s a i g o ma i e io i e si y a e u e - coas a wa e s a i i y o ma i e ecosys ems o uma im ac O s o e oi a gas e o osa a so ig o es e is o y o mis e o i g a i ac- e o a io a o uc io esu i oi a a a ous c emica s e io s wi i e IWC Cu e y e e is a ou is i g a e i w a e mo i i a io o a io uc i es a ace me a s a e is u io o o uc s om ig y e a ge e s ecies ou o sa e i a a ese e ic i e a is e ies " is ma ke s—u c ecke y a y a a ese go e me e o ceme I is U - ec a e "Yea o e Ocea s " cou ies e e yw e e Mea om ue i um ack y es a o e o ec e s ecies a e aki g o e a e wo s ma i e a i a is ecomi g a a ge - as ee ou i e a a ese a e u gi g y cu e i ac io s ous ace o i e w e e you a e ei g u e o o esi e e o ceme a mo i o i g o coas a w a i g o e a io s u e e C i o au c e is C ea Wa e I i ia i e i e ua y a ecom- I is o osa wou e e o im ossi e a esu i a su s a ia y me e a a i io a $ mi io o c ea u e cou y s coas a g ea e i ega o - ake o w a es a o igi a y ag ee o wa e s ames ake e a mi is a o o is o ec —a e I a mis ea i g ess e ease Ca y ese e e I is o osa US commissio e o e IWC—wa e i a e ua y ess e ease as a ca o a "g o a w a e sa c ua y " Ma y w a es s ecies wou ee Sig i ica e e s o o ic co ami a s a e ou oug ou ou as sa e u e suc a "g o a sa c ua y" as a sa mo w o is ei g coas a a eas i se ime s s e is a a ima s I ac some ma i e " o ec e " y a og am a a ows im o e icke o o y a mamma s co ai amo g e ig es k ow co ce a io s o o ga oc o- i e co ami a s e g C s o a y i i g o ms ese a e a ce ai esig a e oi s w i e swimmi g u i e Some o e wi es ea com e essu es a s esses o ou ocea We mus g ea es co se a io mis a s i is o y a e occu e w e g o a e e mi e e e e a causes so u e amage ca e a oi e a eas esou ces a e ee "ma age " i se a a e geog a ic egio s a ea y a me ca e es o e a wise o g- e m ma ageme W e e is o osa is e ec i e is i ewa i g e i a sige ce ac ices ca e u i o ace " o a a a o way w ic co i ue o e y e i e a io a a y Ma y e ie e a e IWC as a u ique es o si i i y o o ec e oi i g oo o es Si ce e egi i g o e mo a o ium ese w a es a o i s om ese a ge s A a ime w e e ea s wo cou ies a e ie o u y e IWC i o maki g co cessio s y o ce acea s a e ecomi g mo e au i g a ie a g o a e IWC e co s a ea o wa ki g ou A e ma y oug a es some is e o y co ec io o scie is s a o icy make s a ou a cou mem e s a es a GOs a e ow a a e y i e o a o e some es o o e y wi e ecessa y esou ces e e ise a o ge - s a o a a e e a e o ca i u a e gi i g u e a - oug i y gai s o e as ee eca es is yea is e IWC s 5 a i e sa y a ma y i k i cou use a ace i e I is o osa may ook e y a i y o some a EQUES S O AWI i s g a ce u u o c ose i s ec io i is c ea y a messy o e a io I is a o e su i a o w a es a o e su i a o e IWC o a y w o wou ike o e assu e e A ima We a e I s i u e s e commissio s ou o ee o o e i e imes—qui e u u e oug a o isio i you wi is ge e a o m o eques e co a y e e oic s ugg e o ass e mo a o ium o w a i g is sugges e as oug ma y s ecies o w a es ack om e i k o e i c io e IWC s ou ou y gua is ac ie eme a ow g as a I give, devise and bequeath to the Animal Welfare Institute, u ique o o u i y o ake a o e og essi e s e a sa e w a es located in Washington, DC, the sum of $ om a ess isi e u us as ea y e emy A o g- e m u y u e and/or (specifically described property). co se a io a esea c a a essi g e e i o me a ea s o a io s o AWI a o - o - o i co o a io e em u e I e - aci g ce acea s is a i a s e owa s sa i g ese a ima s I is a so a e e ue Co e Sec io 5 1(c (3 a e a e uc i e We we come a a i ac i i y o a 5 i ay ce e a io e I is o osa is a y i qui ies you may a e I cases w e e you a e s eci ic wis es ei e a a ou e is osi io o you eques we sugges you iscuss suc o isio s wi you a o ey All n h rnt n nd Al x nd r v n r r d r t r f th Env r n nt l Inv t t n A n . AWI QUA E Y WI E 8 • AGE A t v t ll th l n S n b rd nt f Wh l In Hawaii in March, the US Navy, in concert with whale researchers A provision of the researchers permit stipulated that if there were a , tried to conduct an experiment that involved blasting endangered significant drop in the animals' numbers during the test, the test should humpback whales with incredibly loud, low-frequency sounds—only to be immediately suspended—regardless ofwhether it could be proven that run into David and Goliath-style resistance. The willingness of a handful the test had caused the animals to leave. Many affidavits were presented of activists to put themselves in the water between the Navy and the to the court from longtime whalewatchers documenting the precipitous whales—effectively stymied much of the researchers' efforts. loss ofwhales. The Navy's plan for testing its Low-Frequency Active (LFA) sonar was One local citizen, who runs diving, snorkeling, and whale-watching to target singing male humpback whales, mothers and newborn babies excursions, said that while he usually sees six to eight whales an hour during with intense, high-volume sound in order to determine at what level they this season, sightings had dropped to 1 or 2 a day during the intense activity would be disturbed. The transmissions started by hitting the whales with surrounding the LFA tests. 125 decibels (humans begin suffering permanent hearing loss at 130 On behalfofanother local whale-watchi ng enterp rise, a move was made decibels. ) If the whales showed no response after an hour, the sound was for a restraining order against the Navy—saying the test had seriously increased to 135 decibels, then 145, then finally endangered the business's income—but the move was 155 decibels (about 50 times louder than a 747 denied. taking off). I f the whales still showed no response at Through the entire controversy, both the Navy that level, they researchers could, with special per- and the civilian researchers work ng with them on the mission, increase the volume to 215 decibels. sonar tests presented a blithe public face, saying that The test took place at the height of their mating there was nothing wrong with the tests, that failsafes and calving season, in the middle of the whales' were in place and that nothing could go wrong. breeding grounds (just outside a recently-estab- However, a large number of unanswered questions lished humpback whale sanctuary) off the northern belied these denials. Kona Coast of the Big Island of Hawaii. The Navy apologists said that the effects of the beams experiment included no followup. No effort was Ab v , v l nt r n r th r r h of sound could be carefully controlled and that the made to track the targeted whales to find out the v l. l , n Wh t . volume would be ratcheted up so slowly that any long-term effects of the bombardment. animal wanting to leave the are would have a chance. The plan was immediately condemned by re- Seeing that the transmissions were much louder than spected biologists (see page 16), who said that serious the accepted safe level for both fish and cetaceans, and harm could result without a noticeable outward reac- that the sound travels with little diminution for over tion; they also noted that the test could seriously a hundred miles, one wonders how creatures could disrupt the highly endangered whales' reproductive escape ground zero. behavior, jeopardizing the future of the population. If the sound source was perfectly safe, then why "Blasting humpback whales with sound of this could it not be deployed with humans in the water up intensity could kill them," said Dr. Marsha L. Green, to five miles away (see inset)? On March 29, the Navy president ofthe Ocean Mammal Institute and a leadingwhale researcher. She itself halted the experiment two weeks early; Navy spokesmen denied noted thatwhen the Navy tested itsAcoustic Thermometry ofOcean Climate responsibility for the whales' exodus—blaming either El Nino or an unex- (ATOC) sound source—another low-frequency, high-volume device—four plained early migration. But the most obvious reason the Navy discontinued dead humpbackwhales were found near test sites. "To use endangered whales the test was the dogged efforts ofthose friends ofwhales who threw a wrench as military sonar targets is a crime against nature," said Dr. Green. in the researchers' works. The Navy admitted in court that they had been Further, G reek scientistAlexandros Frantzis published in t r study unable to test the sound source on many days. Their original objective was which pointed our asuspicious correlation between mass strandings ofwhales to emit from 600-800 transmissions over 6 weeks. By the time the dust settled in Greece and the Canary Islands and the use of LFA sonar. and the ship departed, about 300 transmissions had been achieved, throwing The experiment's opponents, including AWI, first tried to block the into doubt the validity of the entire operation. Navy plan with a lawsuit, initiated by the Earth Justice Legal Foundation, The tests were designed as part ofan environmental impactstatement(EIS) asking US District Court Judge Helen Gilmor to grant a temporary restraining for the actual deployment ofthe LFAsystem on four vessels dispatched around order—which she denied. The next phase ofthe concerted campaign against the world to find super-quiet diesel electric submarines. If deployed, these the tests was led byAWI's International Coordinator Ben White. vessels will begin blasting the world's oceans with an ear-splitting 235 decibels, Among the many people opposed to the test were local residents, many over a thousand times louder than the Hawaii tests. Intended to show that ofwhom make their livelihoods from ecotourism. Several offered the use of acoustic ocean creatures such as whales are not bothered by such highly boats and planes in the effort to halt the test. intrusive sounds, the studies Ilave been careful to ignore any evidence to the Since the Navy's protocol required the experiment to be stopped ifthere contrary. Even though all phases ofthe LFA tests demonstrated that the whales were human swimmers in the water within five miles of the test area, White exhibited clear signs of avoidance, the Navy and the researchers are already and other activists put themselves in the water near the Navy's research vessel, spinning the data to argue that the effects are minimal and the LFA-equipped thus keeping the Navy from turning on their device much of the time. vessels should be deployed. This simple strategy worked surprisingly well. "We've been shutting With the Hawaii experiment over, AWI's opposition to this unprec- them down every day," White reported March 20. edented attack on the I ivi ng seas has moved into the next phase: stopping the Test opponents made several more courtroom efforts, all blocked by deployment ofthe LFA system and requiring the federal government balance federal judges. One lawsuit charged that the Navy had failed to comply with harm vs. benefit when issuing scientific permits. Though the emergency its permit by continuing the tests even though the whales were clearly fleeing restraining aspects ofthe lawsuits filed in Hawaii were rejected, our challenge the area in droves. of the legality of the LFA device will still be heard. a . AGE 6 • WI E 8 AWI QUA E Y U n A S n r "Un n n bl ," S t d Wh l r h r Dr. Linda Wei lgart has spentthe last 1 6 years studyingthe vocalizations ofwhales. research at sea was eliminated because grey whale migration routes along the She and her husband, Dr. Hal Whitehead, are the acknowledged world experts on Pacific US coast are well-known and unchanging. When LFA sonar was whale communication. On February 7, Dr. Weilgart submitted to the federal district transmitting, grey whales clearly altered their course kilometers in advance court the following testimony against the US Navy's test ofits Low Frequency Active of the sound sources. Moreover, the whales showed a significantly stronger (LFA) sonar (see story, page 15). response at source levels greater than 170 dB than would be expected if they I am opposed to the use of LFA sonar in Hawaiian waters, even if it is used were reacting in a linear fashion. This means that the louder the noise, not to clarify the reactions of marine mammals to this noise, for the following only the stronger the reaction, but the MUCH stronger the reaction. How reasons: much more evidence of harassment is necessary? 1) Based on several studies of large whales, the figure of 120 dB emerges Phase I also showed that LFA sonar transmissions seem to decrease blue with startling consistency, especially given the huge behavioral variability whale vocalizations. Since we are unsure of the function these vocalizations these animals exhibit in the wild and the great difficulty we have in studying fulfill in the lives of blue whales, it is unknown what the ramifications of fewer these free-ranging animals. Not only do grey and bowhead whales clearly vocalizations might be. The most likely function of blue whale sounds has avoid sounds at an average received intensity of 120 dB, but several fish species to do with mating, however. As blue whales are generally solitary animals, do as well. This evidence should be enough to give us pause. LFA sonar would it is generally thought that blue whales vocalize to attract and find mates. cover an area greater than the size of Texas with sounds AT LEAST as loud Interference with their vocalization rates, in this case, could result in a drop as 120 dB, thereby placing marine life at risk for harassment over this huge in their pregnancy rates with a resulting, long-term drop in population levels. area. 4) While the above effects of LFA sonar on whales can be surmised to 2) To place marine life at risk over such an enormous spatial scale would be biologically relevant, they can not be proven to be so. I am opposed to seem unconscionable, but to moreover place breeding whales at risk seems using LFA sonar to study its effects on whales for precisely this reason. To outrageous. You are not only endangering the animals present, but the welfare study the health of a whale population, one must have a clear understanding of future generations as well. Particularly when it is well-known that the of population parameters such as fertility rates, mortality rates and growth humpback whale song plays a crucial part in mating, it seems nothing short rates for that population. These are practically impossible to determine with of reckless to change their acoustic environment so drastically. The research of any accuracy for any free-ranging whale population. We have no idea what Phase I and Phase II did not focus on breeding animals, like Phase III does. Breeding "normal" population parameters are for any whale species, and we certainly humpbacks are not only mating, but they are giving birth to calves at the same time. don't have any idea ofwhether these parameters might be changing as a result It is quite likely that young animals are more sensitive to loud noises, and it is entirely of LFA sonar transmissions. While studies such as Phase I and II may be plausible that unnatural acoustic disturbances to which these animals are not worthwhile in studying the short-term reactions of several animals of a adapted, could interfere with the crucial mother-calf bond. particular species at a particular time in a particular condition, these studies Past research on the effects of noise in the grey whale calving lagoons has cannot be extrapolated to give us any idea of the long-term effects LFA sonar shown that mothers and calves cleared out of noisy lagoons for periods of might have on the welfare of populations of many different species. In months. Most disturbingly, this abandonment of some traditional calving conclusion, the studies that are being done on whales to determine their reactions lagoons due to noise resulted in a subsequent dramatically lower number of to LFA sonar are completely incapable of telling us what the effects of such noise calves born that year. might be on the welfare, especially long-term, of any population of whale. 3) My u e s a i g om e a e s ese e a e Wo Marine The marine mammal research that is being done by the Acoustic Mammal Conference in Monaco and from personal communication is that Thermometry of the Ocean Climate (ATOC) project (by some of the very Phase I and Phase II have already shown significant reactions to the LFA sonar same scientists involved in the marine mammal LFA sonar research) is being noise by both grey and blue whales. How much more information is Phase rendered somewhat useless for this very reason. Even though the research III really going to add to this? At which point are all scientists and policy makers has clearly shown that sperm whales avoid the ATOC speaker, the chief going to be convinced of the harmful effects of LFA sonar? And will there still scientists for the ATOC marine mammal project argue that this effect is not be marine life alive in our seas when this point is reached? "biologically significant." This provides a permanent and convenient "out," Phase II, because it was studying migrating grey whales, had the greatest as biological significance is unknowable for whale populations. likelihood of discovering real effects of the LFA sonar on whales. This is 5) Not only the whales, but the whale-watching industry would be because it exposed huge numbers (much of the Pacific population of grey threatened by LFA sonar transmissions. I urge you to stop LFA sonar whales) of un-habituated, novel animals to the LFA sonar transmissions. transmissions in Hawaii and elsewhere, and to recognize that our marine Much of the unpredictability and variability that usually plagues whale heritage and resource is too valuable to gamble with. a
Animal Welfare Institute Non-Profit Org. POSTAGE Post Office Box 3650 US PAID Washington, DC 20007 Washington, DC Address Correction Requested Permit No. 2300
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AGE 4 • S I G 8 AWI QUA E Y A A ISE O I E—C IMA A AS I C ISIS y e W i e I e ms o a u a i e si y e C ima a as a e e eme a ewe O e 9 s ecies o i s a g ace is g o e o e 1 i e o Me ico a o e o e mos im o a wi i e sa c ua ies o i o Ame ica wo u e o e o Ame ica s ecies Ea Ma y i e e io a a e c us e e ig y oge e e i o es s mig a e i o Me ico i e wi e i c u i g ucks geese o e s o e mou ai o s c ou o es s us e ow e ai o es s e i c es a age s s a ows yca c e s sa i e s a o io es W e e e e si e i e o es s e i a y mo a e o es s ecomi g ie o ey go? sou o e co i e a i i e as ey gi e way o I you ace e ma o o ica eci uous o es s e e a e o e s ecies yways ac oss o o ma o ca o y ees (com a e o may e e i Ame ica you i a o i gi ia a a s agge i g 3 is i c s ecies o eas e a wes e i s ascu a a s A i i e C ima a as ca mig a e co e ge i o e s o e e wee a use ma y i e e y es o e i o - mou ai ous u g es o me s i o e ay S i e mo keys a ki ka ous e sou e s a es o swi g oug e ees agua s o e a i s Oa aca a C ia as us ay as a agou is s i wa k ese i s es i e ce - e ow e Is mus o u ies o ecima io que a i s s i es i o es i e ua e ec e a ow ees e e ei o g g ee ai umes a e ou e wais o Me ico e o e i e a ce oo o g o i i si e e ace is so e se u ges ou i o e Yuca a a emo e o com e e i e o y o s ecies as e e e i su a ie e e se ee accom is e A we k ow is i is u ique a g ee i e-e a g e ecious mis -s ou e C ima a as I e ea y summe o is yea a ou a i o mou ai s E e oug e C ima a as we u i ames a ou e mou ai s a e o ig ac es U ike e o es s o o Ame ica e c ou a e a ea is o es e- h j n l f th Ch l p r r t l t th a ai o es s o is a ea a e o acc ima e o cia y i icu o eac rv v l f d z n f p f rth A r n b rd e io ic u i g G a ica y i us a i g w e e e e e a e i e a eys th t r t th n th nt r nd r t rn n th egio s swee e a a io o o yge goes i goo a a e e e e a u- pr n . h r l nd fl t h r v t n r rd imes esi e s o ous o a os A ge es ea e d p nd n th r t l f h v n. ma s e I is a we s i g i e smoke om e Me ica i es o ays o i e W a cause e i es? A imes e e we e o e s I a e May I ecei e a ca om C is i e S e e s Massi e i es a i g a o ce ose o e i ges o e mou ai s a mos ce ai y we e u i g ou o co o i e C ima a as We we e osi g is we e om s as -a - u o s go e ou o co o u ma y o e u ique wi i e a e mi u e y mi u e I s a e maki g ca s o e i es we e i e mos emo e sec io s a away om a y oa s i ages US o es Se ice a e US Age cy o I e a io a e e o me o eo e y s u yi g sa - (USAI e wo US age cies assis i g e ig i g o e i es O e e i e images wo i es o $ mi io a o e s o i e ig i g e e s ai c a es a e ico e s i es ca e see u i g a ee se o ig o e s o i es eaki g ou ac oss e mou - i ec y oug e ea ai s A e a yea o E i o oug e o ma y e c e c ou o e u g e om a a - a ai o es s we e i e - y ea a ces i ooks as oug A e a mo o i e se e o i w ic ma y oca o ks ie ese we e e i e a e y se a i g e ames e ai s i a y came i ea y u e e e o e a s y o i g i ce - s i e om i e ig i g o e o es a io e Me ica em assy i ia y om s om a ai - Was i g o aske i w a way AWI mig e a e o assis i e a e u w y? A y ea i g I ooke a ig sou o see w a we mig e a e o o w om? o o y k ows u e o e wo ki g o a ima o ec io wi AWI I was a ce i ie e e is o s o s ecu a io a o is a ice se ee e e y o essio is ou ey oug e go e me o Me ico my wo assio s oge e sus ec s a co ic a icke s My i s s o was o mee wi e y a ome o A i is i Me ico w o wa o o e u e Ci y e ea e s o e Me ica e i o me a coa i io G u o e os a ea o i e ai ie s a Cie ey e y g acious y ook me u e ei wi g We o e u a a io s o ma i ua a a i o e i s su ou i g e ca i a o mee wi ei co eagues w o o ium o ies e a i e we e u i g ea a sou i o e e o o sa e e C ima a as esi e s sus ec a e e i ci a amo g ese we e o e egio a a a io a ea e s o mo e ig e i g ossi i - Ma e as e ue o e g ass oo s g ou e ese i g e i ige ous i y a a em o i e em h tz l, th l nd r "b rd f l f ," th n t n l b l f commu i ies ucke away i e g ee o s a i ge o s o e om e egio a co e G t l , xt n t thr h t C ima a as e C ima a as egio is ei s ow e commu a y y i s a u a easu es o com- t f t r n l r n . h a o igi a i e Wo ki g oug my es igia S a is ese eo e mo i ies Ch l p r n f th f o e e my eyes a ou o e s e o o e egio a e o i ica As o g ago as e a - pl r t n h t t ll mi e ie a y es o a io e o mus ea nt n d n n xt p h rb r th h nd r l v b rd.
AWI QUA E Y S I G 8 • AGE continued from previous page e ea i e a ow i o e o ga ic su ace o e soi Some o mi is a io o U ysses S G a e U i e S a es as eye e e igge ees we e s i a ia y ea e u ei og osis is u su e; a ow Is mus o e ua e ec as a a y s o cu o e aci ic ey a e os mos o ei oo s es i e e g im es uc io I was I was e o igi a si e o e ca a a e e ua y was as e ac oss ea e e y e a s a a a ea y egu o s i g oug e a ama ow am a umo s a e e u e o a "G a e o ec o" acke e soi wo mo s a asse si ce e i es e ai s a o co e e a ea i o a i e a io a eco omic ugge au a ou - egu i gi g e s a o e ascu a a s u yi g i o e a e ig way u i g o -sou o e y co ai e s om s i s i su s i e I wou ake ce u ies o i g ack e i e si y o ma o e Gu o Me ico o e aci ic a ig ew ai oa i e ams ee s ecies u a eas e ea o a i e osio was esse e y e s o i g e e y ma o i e a a ig ew ase o e oc emica g ou co e ma u ac u i g o e aci ic coas us some e cei e e a e i a y we eac e e o o e i ge so I cou i m e amage
h r f th rbl r n fl n th nd f l t r h th r n r f f th Ch l p ph z th r n p rt n . If th r l t r f , th nt r l f l f n f r f v r t rth A r n b rd thr t n d.
e e i o o e i g u e C ima a as o e " a es " o e o ica I a i ec io s ea a yi g ees s oo u is a s o g ee a woo s a a e i s a maki g e a a ai a e o su sis- emai e i s s i sa g a e a was c ea y as e i g o co e e ce ag icu u e i se As we wa ke ack ow e mou ai si e I oug a ou e ay a e e Me ico Ci y mee i g I e u e wi Gi e o w a mig e o e o e ou W a ega as a ge m o i ea gai e e a e o is ome i e C ima a as We caug e 9 m us su s a ce o e o g ocky oa ou o e C ima a as a e e o Ma ias ome o a i i g a e c ack o aw e e ay we ay s us i e o Oa aca e ca i a o e o i ce ou ce o e a ou i e ou s o ki ey- u c i g oa i is We a e e e o i g a e y sma i e si e i o o ec o emo - ca ya icki g u a y a a a ee e i es a o g e way Sa a s a e e easi i i y o e o es i g a y u e a eas o o ica Ma ia e a C ima a as o s a ou 7 ami ies i i g a o g a ai o es Wo ki g wi o a is s o i e U i e S a es a i ge o us o e e ge o e ai o es Me ico we a e us egi i g e ocess o ga e i g see s s a i g e e ay we a e ow o e i ge as mi i a y c eck- see i gs icki g ou si e su eyi g e su ou i g s ecies a oi s o e i y ue o o Esco a a e e we a a ge e missio s aci g a coo i a i g wi oca o icia s i ec ui i g e y wi e mu ici a c ie o me o ike ack i o e u g e a a e is i g oca i age s i e e a i g e o we o e o e cou age gui e o ake i ie o a a ea w e e I cou i m o e i ac a e co ce o assis i g e ea i g o e o es as i was i s ea o u e o es We ike o a we - a e e a i ac my gui e co e i g i i o ei e oo o ee c o s I e mi e a u e wi a ie ca e i a calletera—a oa ig e a ig e we c im e as ea e i e sca s; we j us wis o e e a i e o s a a ee u a y s as e -a - u e uge ees a ee o e y c ai saw a e u e o owe y a y e o EQUES S O AWI co a e amo g e c a e u ks e a was a a e y goo o wo a i gs a yea o a ou i e yea s e o e i a ou o o a w o wou ike o e assu e e A ima We a e u ie s mos o w ic a e ocke u i e e e ees I s i u e s u u e oug a o isio i ei wi is ge e a We asse oug e ickes mos a g e o es I a e e e o m o eques is sugges e see S a g e igs eac e o ee ei oo a es a i g i a I give, devise and beqteath to the Animal Welfare Institute, i ec io s ike a ca e a s yi g u esses S i y u ke a ms located in Washington, DC, the sum of $ ee e s a o e s o s ecies u k ow o me eac e skywa and/or (specifically described property). wi e e y a ai a e ook a c a y c ow e wi us ome ia s some se i g u ui s as e as i s ick A a mos u e-w i e awk o a io s o AW a o - o - o i co o a io e em u e w is e o e ea uo esce i s i e e wee e ousa I e a e e ue Co e Sec io 5 1(c (3 a e a e uc i e ues o g ee easi g e cu ious ike We we come a y i qui ies you may a e I cases w e e you Soo we came o e u e -o e a eas agge ack u ks s oo a e s eci ic wis es a ou e is osi io o you eques we se i e e io o u e ca o y g ow was go e e i es a - sugges you iscuss suc o isio s wi you a o ey ea e o a e us e o e i ge o s ima i y u i g oug AGE 6 • S I G 8 AWI QUA E Y ea e i g Wo es ami ies ea e s ei Su i a "The strength of the pack is the wolf, and the strength of the wolf is the pack." —Kipling by Patrick Nolan A well-studied, much-loved pack of wolves in Alaska's Denali only as raw numbers, failing to take into account specific family National Park is in severe danger from reckless hunting and trapping. groups. Should the Toklat wolves not survive this winter, the loss If they die out, more than their lives will be lost: intricate family bonds, (both for us and for them) would be immeasurable. an irreplaceable cultural inheritance, and unmatched historical sig- In addition to the crisis in Denali, a plan to control wolf popula- nificance. tions in the Fortymile area of Alaska's Kenai Pioneering naturalist Adolph Murie began Peninsula is also targeting families. Late last studying the wolves of Denali in the 1930's. year, the Alaska Department of Fish & Game Through meticulous observation, Murie found (ADF&G) began sterilizing and relocating that wolf packs—formerly viewed as loose con- wolves from 15 different packs. The program federations of roving killers—were actually was hailed as "non-lethal" population control, highly interdependent extended families. One but it has potentially disastrous consequences. such family, the Toklat or East Fork group, has ADF&G's plan involves sterilizing the al- been studied and viewed more than any other. pha pair from each pack, and leaving them as Dr. Gordon Haber, who continued where Murie territorial placeholders (to keep new wolves left off, maintains records on the Toklat wolves from colonizing the area). The rest of the pack's going back 60 years. members are then redistributed throughout But this legacy is in danger. A swath of non- the state. park land cuts through a key area of the wolves' The non-alpha wolves are dumped with no habitat, and intense hunting, trapping, and thought given to how they will interact with harassment have ravaged their population. The resident wolves in the area. Joslin says this is Toklat group has gone from 11 or 12 adults to "like dropping black ants into a nest of red only two since last April. The conditions are ants." Most of the wolves to be relocated are less similar to those that wiped out other wolf fami- than one year old; Stephen Wells, also of the lies in the last few years, and several groups other Alaska Wildlife Alliance, writes that an esti- than the Toklat wolves are at risk now. l v l : lf th r nd p p. mated 60% will die within a year. Further, Wolves have strikingly complex cultures, when the sterilized alpha wolves die, their and a great deal depends on an unbroken family lineage. Dr. Paul accumulated parental knowledge dies with them. Joslin, executive director of the Alaska Wildlife Alliance, writes that The cruel twist ofthe Fortymile story is that ADF&G had initiated "knowledge as to where to den, where, when and what to hunt, what its wolf control program ostensibly to increase the caribou herd (so as trails to follow, where are the territorial boundaries, etc., are passed to promote hunting). However, the department's population goal for down by the parents." caribou had already been met when the wolf-control plan was imple- Unfortunately, the park's management views wolf populations mented. In r nt Ov r h r l nd h v r, W lv Ar n Dr. Gordon Haber, who has devoted years to the study of Alaska's unmolested, in Mech's view they are fluid and temporary affairs at wolves and done much to change how people view and treat them, is angry. best. Controversy rages over state and federal wildlife and parks agen- The implications of this split are ominous: Mech claims that since cies' policies toward wolves, and the wolves themselves are caught in wolf populations are turbulent, then they are naturally adapted to the middle. A disturbing trend toward treating wolf populations as withstand intense hunting and trapping. However, Haber counters, one big pool of interchangeable wolves—rather than complex and this is "a circular argument": Mech failed to account for the fact that vital interdependent family groups, as Haber contends—could en- his fluctuations in wolf population and social activity were in fact danger their survival. Wolf policymakers persistently ignore the caused by intense hunting and trapping. highly social nature of wolves, counting only their raw numbers as It's easy to understand why Mech's ideas are popular among though they were grocery-store inventory (see above). wildlife agencies and with the hunters and trappers who pay their The architect of this dangerous trend appears to be a Minnesota salaries: go ahead, Mech seems to be saying, kill all the wolves you want biologist named David Mech, whose approach to wolf management to. Haber's view, on tile other hand, requires sensitivity, care, is enjoying some popularity and influence among regulatory bodies, stewardship, and restraint. as well as among hunters and trappers. And this could turn out to be The Wolves ofDenali's glossy presentation and attractive photo- tragically unfortunate for Alaska's wolves. graphs belie the insidious nature of its conclusions. And the book Mech is coauthor of a new book, The Wolves of Denali, which doesn't mention that Mech is a supporter of steel jaw leghold traps Haber has criticized at great length both on scientific grounds and on (even toothed ones!) and of vicious "saturation snaring." Nor is it the grounds of its policy implications for wolves. Roughly, Mech et common knowledge that Mech is reportedly able to dictate policy al. argue that wolf populations are unstable and erratic, exhibiting both for Alaska's fish and game department and for the National Park "chaos and turmoil," "vibrant pulsing," and "constant churning." Service—a federal agency charged with protecting wild lands and While Haber has shown that it is crucial to preserve family groups wildlife for all of us. WI/ p
AWI QUA E Y S I G 8 • AGE C n r d t Kn th r th Ab t r l p pl n f r l n r t n l r r t r th t th f r pr n n f r t n d ff rt t p r t f t fr f t n b t th ll pr d d h n l Th t nd r t nd bl ; th h n l r tr t d n f r pr d t n pr bl th t th r l n n - p n n n nd r v r Th r p pr d d th v d nt n d b v h h lt rn t v d r v l th p t ntl f l r n f l b l - "F x r n t l tr t d " d n f p pl th th tr th b t h n l th bl th l v n th h n l nd n t l d f r f r r t ll tr pp d nd ll d l tr t n r p f ll nd p nl rec- Th v d n h rd t d nt b ommended b n r f r nd tr - t d r tl fr th nd tr t lf— t n nd b n l f r br d r fr r p l th r p n F r l p pl ft r p nt n Br d r t n F r n f l l r p t r f h n l r th n d n Br d r - tr t d n f r f r b ldl l d th t t n nd t nd rd n l nd n- f r d n t fr tr pp d ld n - tr t n l v d l "Th r n t tr pp d n r " B v rl H ll n r f r n- n d d b t th f t l j f r d h n t p r - l h ld tr p n d "Th v l nt r l n t xp t f r l n t h th l t n r r n th t f r b r t ph t r ph— t , ht n t l j t pp d n th — th n l t r " r d n "Th pr d t d th f r l h ld tr p, b n t p d t d th. nd th r j t t x pl f th fr n l th t h v b n ll d r d l d v d b t n h t n r h r b t h f r b l tr t n n n br n p n n l bb n pr d d nd h t t ll h pp n t p n r dr n n nd h v b n tr pp d n t l j r p ll d B v rl H ll n r f r nf r d h l h ld tr p " Th v d "F r l n n nd r v r n r nd t n p n t d t th p bl b t th d v d f Fr d nv t t n " v l bl b ll n th r p t (31 th n d n th rld f rth l r t f r r t t - 7 7 • Ki e uye s, Co o e sy a e u eau o a Ma ageme b J nn f r R n BL b l v ll t p l t n f n - r pr b t n h v b n Th ld Fr -R n H r nd B rr t p d n 1971 t (h v r nt t bl th r r v pr th t tl ll b t n r ld t n nd b rr ld b pr t t d fr pt r r nt d t th d pt r n th h r pr v t l n d N br nd n h r nt r pr t r d th Th B r f L nd th ld t n pr v t pr p rt nd n b d n th th n nt (BL r p n- n r pl Th n f n l ph l ll r b r bl f r d n t r n th t 0 r t ll bl t z thr h H v r r n h r h nt P rt f th ntr v r b t n th BL nd n l t r z th r h p nd ttl pr t t n dv t t fr th pr bl th t n n n BL l nd h v f ll t n x tl h n ld h r r fr - pr r d th b r t r nd r n Th BL nd t rl r nd p f th h r p th nd f nn nt h r t br n n t t d p p l t n f t n d n nd b rr l n th t th r r t ppr x t l f pt b r 1997 1 3 t n ( t p t t n t n r r nd d p b th BL nd 9 r f r f d; th r n h r nt th d pt d t th t r l v n 1 751 ld h r nd b rr r z n l nd f r th n l th t t j n 5 th r lr d n ttl nd h p t n t n n BL rr l Ab v : A d z d b rr th h n n l pr t t n Th BL l f d h d d d n t t M r p b l v th r nd- th n r r nd d- p h ld n p n. rt n t l th h r nd b rr th n th ld ph t r ph r p tt d h nd h p r " th r n " d f pr p rl h ndl r d ntl r r l d. v r p t f n r f r nd n d pt n pr r ht: ld fr r n "p l " t rd ld n t t t d L t r t t n nj th p t r f h r nd b rr t l r v l d th t n r p l n- h lth nd fr d . p t d th t th BL d v d l ( n l d n BL n nt f th - pl r xpl t n l ph l n th d pt n pr t t n b l d n n l dv t b l v th BL d pt n r n l t t nd ll th f r l ht r t t d p p l t n f ld h r nd b rr n f ntl h h r Th B r f L nd n nt r l d n 15 th t th th n th t l p p l t n f p r f tt rn b pr h b t d th nd n d pt n f rd n t th B r f L nd n nt d r t nt nd ld h r nd b rr b n p r n lth h h r n n l n r h l pt r n r nl nd t d v r t t thr r n r th t b r d n l r nt t th r t ll th pr bl f h t h v pr v n pr p r t th t n nd v r f v t x r h r h pp n t th ft r th r d pt d Th nt tl d h r r n nd t n r n t f v r bl nf rt n t l th BL ll nt n t n th pr p rt f th d pt r f r n r ft r h h t f th nd t th rl r nd p b d n th t n bl n /
2co S I G 8 • AGE AGE 8 • S I G 8 E C UE SO I GO Co essio s o a o se A use E ESSEEWA KI G O SES: uma e o se S ows o e ise " v b n n t n n t rt r f r 3 years" nf d Dr P R b nd n n R b rt P p ll d v r b h tr n r f r nf r n th th h n p t r nt rv p bl h d n th 3 199 f The Tennessean. "H n t H b t f l bl T nn l n H r t ll n h d b n p ll d fr th h d h v t t h h r ff r b f r d d th t n h n h nd r A IG S E I GS AM E r n t h n h t b nd r d b th f th h r l r l h n h r n t n t d t n r " nj r d h r r r n v r r t ft n h t Th t l r n t b t h t n thr d d f r R b nd t th rr r f h r nh n d t l n t bl b t h t h r n b n nd t r f p t r n Th h b t f n ll th bl nd r h v ff F d th th pr p t f xpl n n h r n p t r d l r d P p h r r Th tr n r l d th h t l n r j t r bb d r l t n t h r d ht r R b nd r l z d th t n r t n l z t n f r th th r b n l b t b t th h v t r n r n nf r d th n p t r p n th t l t n f h r b t f l h r r n h ll n n th l t fr N rth h r h d b n r d H rr f d t th th ht fh h r n p n P p f r d th tr n r r l n R b nd h b n nv lv d n th h n — nd b — f T nn nd t h h r h l n H r n h h ld " t rt d n th h n rr d b t t t rr bl nd - p n n f r t h xp r n P p nj d th x t nt r h r bl d n nd r th r l b t t h rr bl th th n d d nd f th h r n b t n t t th xp n fh b l v d l r J t b p n h h r d dn t th n t b t th d " R b nd nt n d n " n t h r ntr f n n t n ll r n z d h P p r l z d th t h b d z n r n nd t ll n n br th th t th h r p t nd fr nd nd th n t p Sk • p rt n f h ntr f nt l h f nd ll d B-P h h d t h r nd th n b t d h n h d t t n th t ll nd h p h t t h t l r l bb t nd p bl r l t n f r t d f nd th p t t v T nn H r " l n H r nd tr fr r t nd d tr t r n th rl 7 j t ft r th H r Pr t t n t p d th D P p l n d t h h r n th h r n n n pp rt n th r n r d d n n r n pr t B f th R b nd f th r f rb d h r nd tr t f th t n R b rt r n z d th P f l n H r J b l fr r n h r h r f r n p n n t n l l v l h r hp R b nd n nt - r n T nn l n H r h t b h ld th nd th l r t h f ll d tt d th t h r d " n th t d d n t h v pr r t n" t t " n tr " h —fl t n th t bl h nt Th J b l z r - th t r n h r h r t l r n nt - r n p l h r tr n nt th n rr nt D r l t n R b nd h rv d n 1997 n n f th T nn l n H r h n p t r t th J b l n t nl p t h v r th h r n b t p tr l th b rn nd tr t p n l p t th xp n v d r f r n b l v n th t r th n n t Ov r n t : S pt f S r d r nd r - p r T nn n l h l r nt - r n h th t pp n t 90% f l n h r t j r h h v b n b d " n v r t ld tr n r t r At r ht: r n nt nn W l n r tr n r M C nn ll ( h , rd n t e e essea , h b n l r n z d b th Fr nd f th nd H r t nd p n r d b th a h r d n t h v t t ll tr n r t r h r h v t t ll tr n r n t t d l f d nd f n d n lt pl n f r r n h n r d n S nt n t n tr h th t n nt t p n nt - r n z n Steppin'Out, th h n ll- tt nd d rl v nt r h r nd th n h v t h p th l t n nd nd r t nd " r n p l . h h r n b nj d th t b — v d n d b b rt p , t l ft, h nl p rt p t Th r p dl xp nd n nd n r n l v l " nd h r " v nt fl r h n n lt rn t v ( nt r n h r h , n r h h r , E E t r, l d r lt fr l f . A r d h r n b lth h t l n t n R b nd br n f th nd tr - d d h r t r z d b : n-l n v r 5 nt - r n l n h r n r tr n r nd br d r fr ll v r f l n r B f h r nf n R b nd ll pr b bl n v r h v • th h r n r n b v th l v l f th • "se " t l: rt f ll t p r d th t l th t th ntr h v r n z d nt f r-r h n n t r f t v t v l h t r n th r nn r n th l br t n h r n n th p t th r h h v f r rd h ld r pr tr d t n nn t r l n l nd b t pp rt n th r th nd h tt nd th lt rn t v h r h t p b t th h rr r f th rld f p t t v T nn l n H r h v • l n t d, v r r n h v • r p d b nd r h n h nd rt r ll v r th ntr th r p pl p n t n t th h f r n th • th , h v h f p d th t ft n v r h l • fr nt f l xpr n f d thr t f ph l r t l t n nd f n n l r n t t b f T nn l n H r n b th n f th p t ;1 dr ll d nt th l f th h r f t • x r t d tr t h n f th b l Ce e a io ? Ce ai y o o e o ses nt n d fr pr v p t n t t t n t nt n p t n pr t b tt r r n d t t n b ll H n n p rt f th h f d n n rl t th r ph ll nv v th d f th t th D v t tt nd d nl 1 f t d-h r h N n f nd r ff t v nf r nt h n n f r p n lt ll p t 9 f th n p rt p nt n th N t n l T nn r n Pr r h n th d d ff lt t d t t th t x-r r fl r - th l t 1 Tr n r f th r rd nn r h v th r b n p nd d b l v d n th tr n r nd n r h r f nd t nt n l n H r l br t n nd h ndr d f th r T nn l - p nt l dr ll n h l nt th b tt f th h r h f nd n rt n fr h n r h v p nd n n t th f r r n n dd t n r n Pr b bl th t p rt nt p t f th pl n t r r n H r v nt r bj t d t th r t nd f t t h v pr n r b ll b r n nt th nd th r bb r p d nd th h n n f th p t 11 pr d nt f th l n H r t n h v b n p rt p t n h r nd tr r n z t n t pl th th l f ph l nj r r p rt d b th N hv ll n p p r The Tennes- r th n n l d nt th h f n l n th nj r p nd d r h v p nd n th D P fr th nd tr r n z t n f l t f nd r d h r sean n th r h n xp f th p t t v T nn l n "Tr n n d v " r d n nj n t n th h l nd ph l r n f r fr b n r t r d l d tt d t b f th th D ld p ll th r n z t n rt f t n h h ld H r nd tr Th N t n l l br t n h ld v r r n r n H v p rl f tt d r bb r n l b t nd h n f t n d r nd l n H r nd tr t t v p rt p nt n rv d tr b t d pr v nt th r n z t n fr h ld n r n z d h h lb v ll T nn th l r t T nn l n H r h th h r l nfl t n th n t ntl r b n t th h r b th tt th t r n z th N t n l l br t n h th T rt r n T nn l n H r b n Th n th ntr Th t n x tl h th l br t n f r lr d nj r d n l r p h rp r n R n Th r t " t (tr n r r t N t n l l br t n n n l h p p $ 5 ll n d ll r r h t t l br t n f rt nl n t th h r D p r t l tr n t p th p n r d h r f r d b rd d r " nd t t d th t 9 f n r r r th t h r r r d r nt h lb v ll T nn n Tr n n b rd nd Th T nn l n H r ll n n f r t n l r nn n tt n n h b l h l thr n h fr nt l f r p nt l r nd th t f n r v n r th t r n r h f nt t ll n r h r h pl n n f th l nd ntl d p t n B fth r th t nd nd nn r T th rt f l t p d d d r bl pr z nn n " t n " Th p f th 197 H r Pr t t n t pp d t pr v d N t n l l v l l t nd t br n n th nd f n t h ndr d th l r r p p l r h f f l h r n r nd tr l r d r p n n r n z t n th t f r n l Pr t t v f r ff t v r l t n f th p t t v T nn l n H r f th nd f d ll r n t d r l n f r t n r h r t nf rt n t l l r " nth t " h v h n t r d l l L l t n pl d n n tr nt l r l i n th p f th 197 H r nd tr n r h f l d t pr v d th f nd n n r f r th t h v t d p nd n p n r h p fr th T nn l n x r t th h r n t r ll n t d t thr h r l nd p nf l Pr t t n t D p t th t n r n r n l ff n nd t b pr p rl nf r d n 197 th T nn l n H r nd tr H r p t t v n t R t r nt h t l nd h p l - th d ll d r n r n th ll l pr t f nj r n h r r f D r l t n th r n f T nn l n H r t ll p h d f r nd n r t r lf-r l t n th r t Th nd tr t d n t n th t h t h n r t t f th r n fr thr h h l ph l r h n l n pr v l nt pr t n f t p pl h r th r h r h v b n bl t pp nt t n n p t r tr n d b th N t n l H r h p rt p nt nd p t t r t l n H r v nt h l r n t hn n l d r bb n rr t nt h n r n l pr f nt t h d n v rt n h p n nd nd b ld n t p l t n h Th n p t r t r d D n t d v l nd nfl nt l nt f th l n H r nd tr d l f l t rd l nd r n nt th fr nt nd b f th p t h b n fr z n nt t n b r d n nd t tt n t l f d P r n (D P ft n h v tr n t t th T nn l n t v l n t nd r n th D tr t Pl n t th b h t f h r n l T x z th ff t f th t b t n fl r n - nd d r dn T "t h" h r t t nd t ll n H r n t nd h v b n n ll n r n bl t r p n bl th T nn l n H r nd tr t l tt r n fr th n t tr n r r p th h r f t nd l r l n pl t l v n th th h n p t n l n tr n r r t n l nd br t ll b t h r h nf r th H r Pr t t n t nd n fr th H f R pr nt t v r r l t d h n v r d f r p t f r d f r r p rt p nt n T nn fl n h n p n h n h r h r fr nt l r h ndl d D p t t r nt ff rt th D h b n n bl t pr v d t r d f nd n f r th pl n t t p r n nd p n h v l t r Th l n H r v nt nt d th t th tr n r nt t " t rd n t n pr l 12 fr nt-p t r n The Tennessean, D d t v t r n r v r ht f th D P d t l f f nd n 1995 t f r n l Pr t t v L l t n l n th n th r h r (th rr t nt n" nd " t th t h l n d p " v t r n r n h v f nd 73 f r n n 19 7—d p t th f t th D n t t d th H r Pr t t n tr t Pl n n n tt pt t d f nd r r tr v n t pr rv D f nd n f r th tr t pl n Dr v n n l nt th n t v r f th h f nd tt n th b r d r n b n th t d-h r h nd tr Th pl n t pr t t th ntl n l nt n d n n xt p 9 3
AGE 0 • S I G 8 AWI QUA E Y r r t t n A t n th M v H r n r h ld n th n t tt n nv r n nt nd d n l r t f r th p rt h r n l ll bl dd r n f t h P bl r h r d b n t r J hn h f (R R J l 7 199 p t $11 n F r t rn r t h lr d nt n n ht b ll h h ld b d n t r d b th F h nd b r p p l t n nt d l n nd n tr d r t t rn n r - ldl f rv Th b ll f d n nd n r nt f p d n l t r n bl b r pl x p t h r f t t l n n Tr d t n l n d n n l d d th B r Pr t t n t nd th n t d t t t l t p bl t r l t th tr d " th Rh n nd T r Pr d t L b l n t Th B r Pr t t n t nd " nf r t n pr v d d b f d r l t t pr v n l nd t rr t r l ld lv th d ff r n n t t l l t n r l t n t b r ldl f n n th n t d t t nd n d nd t th t th r l t t h d h p r t l f b r ll h h br n f nt t x t ll-d v l p d r t f r p rt fr th r n bl b r " pr n th tr d t n l d n r t T rd th nd f th h r n n t r h f r n n d f r h n t r t h nn ll (R th b ll h f p n r b- ld nn r n n r h n t n n r d f r J T l r tt d t t n t t n "Th p h n f b r n t n l pr bl l l t v d r t r f F h h d tr n l pp d p f th th t d t n d t b r rr ntl th r r nf r nt B r Pr t t n t " h t th h r n d n t " r T l r nd j r d t n l l ph l h h x t r lt f p t h r f ht ff rd r d d t b bbl n b t r " n t t l th t ll th ll l tr d t fl r h b l v h v r l t n f t t nd f d r l v rn nt " h h h h r t r z d r l pp rt n t f t n t pr t t th b r p p l t n n th "th nv fth r t f th rld " H d th t F ld pp rt ntr fr nd v d l n t pr f t fr th l ht r nd l th b ll " f th r n b t nt t n t ll" f n d f r t Th f th r n f th n f nt n l Th tr ht b n n th F ( ll r f rr d t "th nt rn t n l" b ldl f tr d l r b rt r f b r v r n l d n t th t l t n r n n d nd x r l n l d d n t p rf l nt n b r p rt ll l th x t n l ph l nd ll ll t t br ll dl p f r nd r pr nt th t t ldl f n nd f d r l ldl f ff l t f th r l t d r r n h b t t t n d r t r nd ldl f l nf r nt p r nn l n d d n rv t n ff rt " n t r nn ll j n d n - h v d b nd ntl l r th r t n d f r th v l bl b ll p n r n th B r Pr t t n t th b p rt n r p f 5 pl n f th r t t nt f ll b r f th n t n l d n v r t th rd f th tt • l " n th n ld h lp n f d r l l l t n n n f r n nv r n nt nd P bl r ld h lp fth ld t th b ll BP thr h nd t ll r rd n b r f r p pr d fb th n l pr t t v nd t f d r l l t ld b r t " — r nt J pb ll f r r h nt n r n z t n j n d t th r n pp rt fth B r Pr t t n nd r t t d nv t t n n P t p rv r D p rt nt t T t n b tt d n b h lf f th r p r p rt d th t th f P bl f t D v n f F h nd ldl f Pr t t n rth r t nd t n f h n d n nd Ph l ph • l f rn " b l v th t l f rn b r r t n t th r t pr n nt H n n r n z t n r n z 5 h rb l b t t t t t nd ld th l ph l h h nd n r b r p p l t n f r b r b l n tr d t n l d n r d l f rn ld b pp rt v f n f r pr h b t n n th l th h v r h l n pp rt f r n t nt f th B r f llbl dd r —B d bb n D r t r l f rn D p rt nt Pr t t n t pp n nt pt d f r th t -h n r d l -pr f l f F h nd th d f b ll- ll n d l b d nd n f rth r " t d " nd " n t h v n r l t n th t t n th ntr l f th "f nd n " Th rld ldl f F nd ( F th r n Z l - ll l l f b r p rt th t n t h lp H ll t t r l n d l nd r t n ( Z nd th nt rn t n l - n l d n n d nd th r pr v n l n th ll f r t t n t n f F h nd ldl f n ( F ll ll d f r r t d n t ll n tr d n b r ll t ld b tr nd b n f t t nd f nd n nd th F h nd ldl f rv pp rt d th nf r nt Th pr bl h r t l l t tr d " — Th r n z d f t-dr n ntr d t F n pr v - L t n nt t n h d f l f rn D p rt nt f F h nd t t b r n 1995 F t t d " r n bl b r p l p r t n n t p p l t n r t r t f ll l tr d r n b r p rt Th b n • l r d "Th D v n ld b v r pp rt v f n ff rt t b tt r pr t t n b r nd d l n th th ll l tr d t N T TT P B R B LL n l d n nt r t t pr h b t n n th l f b r ll " —Fr n r x h f f ldl f L nf r nt D v n f ldl f n J l 199 th n t tt n nv r n nt nd P bl r ppr v d n nd d v r n fth B r Pr t t n t • r " ld l v t nd f nt r t t pr h b t n (BP D r pth rn (R D th nl n t r t p nl n th l f b r ll nd b r p rt " — r nt J ll n r pp d t th b ll d d n r v n th pr h b t n n ldl f R r D v n nv t t v n t nt r t t r n b r v r Th nd d BP th t ll b • d h "B r r b n p h d j t f r th r llbl dd r nt t th f ll n t b n th p rt nd xp rt f th nt rn l r n v n h v nt ll n f t pl p h n b r n th r t t nd nd b d fl d f ll b r nd n tr t th D p rt nt f nt r r l nd r n th n d h " —P l l nd p l nt F h t nd t n r t d t d t r n th l v l f b r p h n nd ldl f rv B nd tr d n b r p rt th n th p n pl t n f nt r r • L n " n xtr L l t n r l p t n th b v t d n r r v t th f n nt r t t tr d b n n b r r t th t d r j b n nt r t t b n ld h lp l t " p rt nd pr d t f n d nt l th r th B r Pr t t n — r nt n p l nv t t n D v n L n D - t ( lth h n d ll n f nt ntr b t n t l b l p rt nt f ldl f nd F h r b r n rv t n nd t bl h th fr r f r f rth r t n • N rth r l n " n nt r t t b n ld b r t b th n th n t d t t ll nt n t n t r th r l b l nd d t ldl f tr d % nt n d n n xt p . AWI QUA E Y S I G 8 • AGE
nt n d fr pr v p CA U E E UGAS ES I E O n t ntl r n nt p pl th t th t th t th ( ll n h n n v r h r n th A I E O MISE Y I ME ICO rld nd br n th h r t ld b n f t ( r n l t d x rpt fr n rt l p bl h d n th M x C t n p p r R f r nf r nt r l l th th F h nd ldl f rv b t t ll th L t b r- b H r r dj t b t ld l t n nt r t t l " T b l h l (Delphinapterus leucas), th t d bt pt r d n th r —R r L r nf r nt D v n N rth n t v h b t t th r t n r d l v r d n 3 t t th r n n r r l n ldl f R r n Pr t r d ntr d p r nt B f r th n th b l n d t n n b t • P nn lv n " d n t b r b t th lv th r l z t n f ldl f b t Th b l l n l h h ft n l v n p d f t n nd v d l l d b v nt ll l d t n nl f l t v t Th l r l nd bt dl r t b l r t rn fr th r f l l dr n n ldl f r r b f ll th r h th r x l t r t t t 9 r nd l v t b 5 t 3 r ld Th v r r t nd d nd f r th r ldl f t pt r d h l r t 5 r ld nl th n h pp n t th th r p rt tr nd ld pp rt l ld p nd th n xt r pr n d n t n b n th th r ll r t r n n b nn n th r l z t n f bl b r "th R n nt n" th n h n f v r t f n th r n t r l t n nd p rt nd n th r l th t ddr nl f l l z n n t n t r f n t l t r p r h r n th p n b tr ff n ldl f " —J R F n D r t r th n r f th h p lt p F r nt p rt h v nn n d th t th b l B r f L nf r nt (f r th D r t r ll t h r nt l th d P nn lv n n Th b l ll p nd th r l v n h b n n xt t n xpr h rt d t n fr th pr d nt l r d n L • t h " h n h v t h d p r t P n th r d l t r r t r n n l n th t t t h rd t nf r h n A b l h l . h l b nd pl n f th r ll r r r n n tr d n b r p rt h t b t r r th r h tl nd l f d r l pr h b t n n b r ll r S n l . n l n th th r nd n t h lp n l " — ll d h l f h t r l thr ll- r nf r nt nv t t r t h D p rt nt h l th b l pt r tr n f N t r l R r D v n f ldl f R - v n t tr n th t p rf r r r n b l t N R • h n t n " t h b n d t rb n t h r tt n th t "t th r n n t th n r d ff rt f th nd v d l l th xp r n f p- h d l n b r nd b r p rt pp rt th t v t n p bl l f n t n n t n f l b th b t n t t nd n l r d pr v d f v rt ll n t n ll t f rth r th pr t t n f ll r n bl n f n t r ln — t fr l ldl f r r n t n b t n t r l nd ntr r t v n t t nd f d r l n b th n t nt f th t b l nt f - l pr h b t n th l nd xp rt f b r nd p n nd h n n th t t th r ldl f p rt ld h lp n l n th h ld b r j t d t n pt- d r nd l ph l th t rr ntl x t " bl f r ld r n l t b —D n tth t nt D r t r n- br ht nt pt v t f r th p r- f r nt Pr r h n t n D p rt nt p f r l p bl d - f F h nd ldl f pl " ■
• SOU CE O S A EME S: E AME ICA EA A S r Ar dj pr d nt A E: A S A E Y S A E A A YSIS, Y KEI IG EY O f th M x n n rv t n r n z t n Gr p E UMA E SOCIE Y O E U I E S A ES, A I , 6 A E E S O C I O . WOO , E I O ME A d l C n (th Gr p f 00 . I ES IGA IO AGE CY, . Newspaper Voices Strong Support for Bear Protection Act
h r v d n ( . . l l r n th f ll n d t r l n l . p rt l rl n N n l nd— h n th h d l n v n h d B r t ht rpr t l rn r n n p rt nt nl b f th r f t t n fl nd n d f r r lt r d l r r r t r nd rh n r nd n b r f N b r n th n t d t t r b n h nt d t ppl th th r n l Tr d t n l h l n rt n l t b r ll n d n r t B r b l n f t h f r p nn n f r n bl dd r nd p dr d nd r nd p nt p d r t pr v d p rt H n th pr p d B r Pr t t n t h h ld r f r n b r f l nt nn t j d th ff f h ll l n tr d n b r v r Th b ll n th n t tr t nt b t n v d nt r lt th v rt l xt n t n f th nv r n nt nd P bl r tt h r d b n J hn r t r n h f h f t ld b t nf rt n t f th n thr t r t B r n th ntr r r l t v l pl nt f l Th r n b r h v r v r n t v b r p p l t n Th tr n l pp rt th B r n r d n r nt d d nd th h v r t rn d t n h b t t — Pr t t n t ■ •
AGE 2 • S I G 8 AWI QUA E Y Keiko— e i s ea W a e Am assa o b B n h t p n t d r d t th Fr ll / F nd t n nd th r h n f r t h l l d n H h d b n v l ntl pl n t d n th r pr f fr d t n fr h f l n l nd nd fl n t nt r r n l nd Dr v n b th r r f t l n t n b ll n r r h r h l n h d n nd rbl r h th J n r p rh p nd th d t r n t n f rth l nd h l d n d h br th r J n r n v r n th l ht f d b t ld ht nd b n t p r l v f h Th b t n l t t th x t nt p r R n v nt r f th r r v r l nd h v n th r n l ht f r t b r l t d nt p n pl n t d f r d -r n n l nd h l t d t n th t nn l nd h n h r d th f n ll dr p nd h ll t r nd l t f r p n t ll b th f r t r n h t r d l b r t l th t p d l t n f h n h r h b l t t d nd r l d b t th ld H t d l v n th 7 d r t r b F r r th p bl d pl nd tr h t rv n h lf hr n n h bl bb r 0 d th t pt v h l nd d lph n r t r l t th nn t r l h t H " b d r f th r nd"; r f br ht r nd h t th d n t bl d n bb n nt t n t ntr d h n b n t b h n n th n r t r f h th nd r f th r p ft n th ht h ll p l P p ll v r pr d n- th t f r t bt n h n b d r d r nd nt h p t r l f n xp d t n p r bl ld r b th h t n nd th r v t f l n t n nf rt n t ff th d l l h n th th rf h d r l f n t n th tr d - tr n f r nd dr v r dr p f pt v l r l nd d n t ll t v t n p rt f ll b h h tr l n - r p d t r n d t t t f b d r f h nd br n n r f x t v n th n nt f K ll n b n h h —p rh p t th f l h p r t d fr r . p b t n p H r p tr t n R n v nt r n th t h d r pp r t h v h pp l r lv d l n - n b r d T r z nt tr d l th th b rd v n t nd n d b t th n th l nd v rn nt b t h th r t th h l nd th th r h nd z n r ht Thr d l t r r h l n n h l n t pp d n l nd l t d d ft r nv r t n th rld th p r r n d nd r pl n h l t h n h ht n nd n br n n f r r n f r r p d r d nt r t d th n h l n v r d d B t tr n f r n l nd d dn t nt T r l t r f l d b t ll n d ll r r nt fr rn r b f r f r h ld nv n p pl t h r h h l n t d f Br th r ( t th r n f Fr ll pr d r R h rd nd L r n xpl t n th pp t n t th v l fr rld h l r-D nn r D v Ph ll p f rth l nd n t t t d n- Br d ndr h rn d th t l nd d r nd ld th r d l th th p r b rd Th n t nd rl ft d Thr h r f r h dr t z d pp t n t h l n n d h f nf r t n t n n th r n t r l nd n r t l t n t rth l nd n th v r f d n h t n f rr d th t ld t th r h r l t d n d ldn t b d n th v n b f l f t th t b th r t f r th t p rld d r p n ft r f h l n th rld rv t nr v l th rr nt r t n l f ntl pr t t n t th r lt f pt v t H b n f r pt v t nd v nt ll l d t th r t rn th r t f r pt v th l l n f N p rt Th r pr d t bl l n h d nt rt n r t th r h nd f l IWC e o : Ami ea ock, e C a ce o a ew o e b B n h t h l n nd th nt rn t n l l f h l t n x h n f r Th 5 th t n f th nt rn t n l h l n n p n n p h l n n ll t l t r p t l fr l nd h ld fr 1 - 1 n r t n lth h th ntr f r nn r t pr t h " pr " th t h r n d rt p nd l t d l tr n v n p f ll d th t n r l t n b ntr d d th t r t z d th r b n th t l p t h r r h n l f n l d n n J p n nd N r th nl ntr th t n t ntl th b th r p f h l nd d lph n n r fr 35 ntr t n t r l n n pl n r n l n th r pr nt t v f ll p r n f n n- D p t r nn ff rt t t rn n th t n nt l v -f t v rn nt l r n z t n (N nd d fr r nd th f r n l t n th pl n r l pl t l n ll- t bl h d rld D z n f r l t n p ll n l f r d th f r h l r f ltl n J p n n ll n t v n n h nd d t l d pr nt d d b t d nd v t d p n rpr n l n d l t r b p h n v t n n t t t n th r t b ll t Th t th t n th r th t f r n tr t n r th ll bl th d f ll n v rnrv nt t h d th r v t h lr d d p nt f v v n pp rt n t t th th t h t p r d r t d t T ( nv nt n n nt rn t n l Tr d n ff l b rv r j b t nv n d l t th t th b t nd n r d p b f l t t n th b n f v t th t r l n f n r d pr t t n p bl r p r n Th J p n tt pt t pr t t th f v r b- v r h d n th t n th nt n d p h f r th b n ntr th t pp rt th r h l n fr f n r t f l d l pp r " r h Pr p l " th br n h ld f n h r h l b dl ft r v r l bb n Th h t p th r d l b r - nn n th pr pt n th t th h p l l d dl d t n tr n p r nt nd p n t r v b t n n t n nt n h l l ft l n nd th nt n t ll Th n t n th r t rn f th n t d t t d l - th th pr p l ff r n n pr b n J p n b t n t th r tr d t n l r l h l h p n nd r r n " nt f " h l n n th nt r t pl ll d p- t r p l nt n d n n xt p AWI QUA E Y S I G 8 • AGE t
A A A YSIS E S S A E U E KI E O E A IO U G E A E A SUCCESS R b l R dr z f H t d Fl r d pl d lt n J n t th p r t n J n l Tr d thr - r rld d nd r v r ll n f h b ll t rtl Eretmochelys imbricate, n nd n r d p r t n l d t nd t nt f r tr ff n x t ldl f nd p n pr l f 1997 R dr z p r d th t rtl nd th n b t h r d r d v r nd n r d nd pr t t d n l t h l th t rtl t ll l v Th t n p r t n n v r d n l b r t l n n t r p n n Fl r d r n P tr l v l ppr h h p r t n r th / x b rd r Th l nd b rd r R dr z thr th pl t b nt n n th t rtl t v rb rd l d nt n n t t th n lth f P rt R nd t n Th P tr l ff r l r tr v d th b nd z d th p r n th r ntr n l d n tr l th fr N Z l nd Br z l nd bl d n f d t d b r th t rtl fr R dr z b t h n pt P n H nd r B l z nd t R Thr h DN n l nd t d b th N t n l r n F h r nt h d t r r nd th l t n r th z d n l rv th t nd bl d f nd n th pl t b nd n th n f r n d h lth h l n v rn nt t d " r nt n v r nd p r n r d t r n d t b fr th l t p n th v r n t r t p n t H b ll t rtl r th n l r ll t n r f t Th ld d th f r t ldl f nv t n b r l f r " d t nt b d n DN v d n DN n l l P n p rf l t l f r f ht n ldl f r ; t n f th nd n r d r thr t n d l n t r t p d nt f t n p tt n b rd z d r n d r d pr l t h n r n l r d-h nd d d t th r r r t n th ld l r d r " Th t rtl p r d nd h d t n x n l nx nt n l n d th n rd r t r tr v f l n nd n j ll tr -d ll n l f t f r th d f nd nt l n h lth h rl r n th p r t n t nt l th nv lv j t n t rtl t pr v d n nt r pt d t l d fd d b rd d t n d A n j , n f th n l r d n pp rt n t t d t th p bl b t th f r th r t Th d d b rd h d t b Op r t n n l r d r n f v l t n th nd n r d p d tr d t " nt d t nt n t d t t tt rn D n P tr Th l n f nd n r d p rr t p l n th T x - x N t nl d P tr h p th t h r r v nf r nt f th b rd r n f r n rv t n n rn l n p r t n nd n r d p t ll d r th r fr p h n t rtl t p ll t l n b rd th t fr ntl d b f r r h n r t b t th t t ll p r th n th p pl f th Fl r d " n nt r t B rd l r l d tr h b t t h n d n tr t t h n tl n n h lp n t pr t t th r nv r n nt nd rth r t r " Th rr t d h v b n h r d th n p r l n ll l R dr z h b n n r r t d n h rr t n pr l f 199 H p n f n nd n r d n l nd n l nd r n F n nd nt n n pl nn d f r t j l t f r th h r r n fr $1 t $5 nd 1 t r p r nv t n A OO E W A E IG S ACK A O G AS , A I IA SU EME COU Th t p ll ld- nn r d n h l h d n h ft r b n f r d p n nd h rp n d b N r n h l n b t th ll h l U ES O A C UE A I IO t rn d n h tt r r n th r v l Th h l d d n n l r ht t v t l t r ll thr th lv nt h th r r br n th h p t nd h rl n t r b r nt th t r p n n f th r t b nn n v l f r f n t t t n l z d Th h l p d b t n n f th r d r b r ld t ll f h r lt F rr d B r " x F n D " F r n r th - ll d rv v d N r nt n t n r rld d b n n r l f t v l nfl t d nt n r lt p n r f x n n l nd r h l n t bl h d n 19 5 nd pl n t ll t fl t t "h rv t" d n th Br z l n pr rt v t d t tl th h rr f t r nt h ndr d f n h l th r nd ll n f x n r th n 3 Br z l n n t h d b n f t r n th t rt r d r n t r nd N r l br t n P rt - nt n d fr pr v p p nt n th f t v l b l v th t th x r pr nt t n nd t rt r n th D v l h th r n l d r h p pr p l p d t t ll ll t f nd n f r B f r f t v l n x t p ll nf n d nd t rv d f r d T t d f nv r n nt l thr t f n h l b n n n n r th x fr nz f d pl d th n ht b t t fr h Th n l f th thr t fr t x pr l f r t n l t h n F rr b n h n th x dr v n fr h p n nd h d thr h th nd n p ll t n th t d r pr nt dr t t p f r rd tr t b r d f v ll r th t n v h p t n b b n h n n th fr h l r l b nt n rv t n l n nd r p Th tt r ( n n nd h ldr n p r d th b d fl n x nt th n x n r d d th l n nd t Th t bl h d n 19 th th d l nd t f n f r P pp r thr n nt th r h h r ft n d t n r n th " rd rl d v l p nt f h l n " nd th Th n l h d th r h rn nd l br n nd t l t ff Th t rt r n rv t n f h l " t " th h l - t h n n f r nt n d f r thr d r l n r nt l th n l f n ll ll d rp n h l ll n n n r t n n r th t f ll d th l d f th rld t f r th Pr t t n th d f n t n f " h l n " n l d th b n n j t f n l nd t Br z l n ff l t d d Z f l d t v d r n b rd n n b rd- t h n Th r f r th ld t th l n tr l t nd F rr d B n Br z l tr t t nd t tr n f r t lf nt n rv t n b d th t T N nd l tt r n r t l t n th n t r f th pr t ll f ll th ll f th p pl f th rld nd r t F d r l Tr b n l n th r h n d n Pl r t n t r pr t t h l fr ll thr t n l d n d p d p n l d pr Tr b n l F d r l Pr d Tr P d r 7 175-9 Br l nd h b t t d tr t n nd v n h rp n DF BR L lb AGE 4 • S I G 8 AWI QUA E Y v Z t zz v p ll t n r th r nv r n nt l t nd rd n ff rt b v rn nt t MAI and the Threat to American Freedom nh n nv r n nt l pr t t n b t x r d t r th r n nt v r b b d B rl nd T n l r p n lt t x h p ll t n t x r rb n t x ld b h ll n d 113 p N r t dd rt P bl h n $9 95 Th b n n "p rf r n r r nt " ld b f t l t ff rt t p pr f t fr x t n n t t t r n t n L l th MAI and The Threat to American Freedom, b n d n t v t n t R d v l p nt t h h r r b n t r nv t n th d B rl nd T n l r th n v l r tt n nd p bl h d n t n h h th r l t d nd t t v r n t x n r n n ht- p r d B t th t nt n l ttl h rt f t r l ld b ll l nd r n t n ld— n f t— p l pt f r t pr v d th f r t l p v l bl t th l ll b l t t r l t ntr r x t f p t l r pl r n p bl f dr ft nt rn t n l tr t r tt n n nd t n n t nv t nt ; rr n p l t n b l t r th n th 9-n t n r n z t n f r - h h h d t b l z d th rld n nd l r l n p r t n nd D v l p nt ( D n P r nd r t d th x n nd n f n n l " r " ld th rld Tr d r n z t n ( T n n v Th pr d nt r l n h d pr p d tr t 9 pl t d b f r p l d fr • pr p d b n n n p n t d xpr pr - ikMA K O Mi e4a i i O OMMI I th l d r l f b n r rp r t nd nt rn - t n f rp r t t xt nd f r b nd pl t n A t n l b r r t h f h n d t nt tl d th lt l t- * * * t n l d r h v n " v l nt ff t" r "t nt - r l r nt n nv t nt r E EA O nt t xpr pr t n " Th n th t f v rn nt Th d nt l th d n th f r tt bl r n A M c , eA r f r d t h t d n tr n n t n l p r t n b l r nd B rl n l f th t xt nf r t r n f nv r n nt l nt n t n r n f r n n- n t pl t n t h b n d bb d " b ll f r ht f r S 0 M d t n t ld h v t pr v d "pr pt d t nd l b l rp r t n nd l b l b n " nd "N FT n MAU E A OW & O Y C A KE ff t v p n t n " n th r rd th t xp r t r d " Th D r t r n r l f T h lf R n t C E O i 4 % 0 o GA I i, ld h v t p ff th rp r t n f r n t p ll t n r R r ll t "th n t t t n f r n l l b l f r n t nt n n n n f r pl d f n t n n " Th n d pt t r th r ht f rr n f xpr pr t n v n n l d " l t pp rt n t t pr f t fr pl nn d p l t r nd tr n n t n l b n nd rp r t n br tht n l nv t nt" h d n l f n n r t b r p r t r n dv r pl t ld l n t x t n r ht f n t n l t t nd l l z n n d n v rn nt t r l t th r R r pr p d l b l n t t - • Th " t nd t ll" pr v n n th dr ft bl p rt t t l t t n— d pt d n th f r fth pr nt dr ft— ld p r d x t n ll f th "n n- nf r n " r nd t r fr n fr p n n n n t n l nd t t r pr v n l n t t t n nd br d r nt r l l th t v l t r l Th ld n th t n t n l nv r n nt l l n t th b l t fth p pl thr h th r l t v pr t r l t n ld b fr z n; n t n ld n t tr n th n r p r d p l t l d n th t p t nt rn t n l nv t nt t nv r n nt l l n t h d b p rt t th tr t f th h rd t ll t B t n nt d t t d b l f r d l "r llb " pr v n v n f rth r n "n n- nf r n " l nd t h nd; fth B rl - l r n l n t n h n n r d th pl n r l t n h v b n d nt f d th r t b bj t t "l b r l z n " l n f th dr ft v l bl n th rld d b (http // pr l d n t th r " v nt l l n t n " d r /d f/ / / t xt pdf • n t d f b n ll d t xtr t t lf th x nth n t f •Th "n t n l tr t nt nd t f v r d n t n tr t nt" pr v - thdr l n N FT p rt t ld b b nd f r t nt n r r th t f r n nv t r r v tr t nt " n l f v r bl r N r ld r rt pr t t fr th tr t r t x th n p rt rd n l r t n t n n t n l " fth r r n t nl v rp r t n t nd n t v rn nt f r n t r v r l f tr t n nv t r th n ntr t n p rt t t p n t n t ll th t br n th r pl nt b f r n nt rn - " rd t nv t r f n th r ntr t n p rt th b tt r f th t n l tr b n l r th r th n b f r th n t n n rt tr t nt " n d n t r n z bn t n l v rn nt th Th t p l t l nd n r ht h v h ld nd pr t d n r p t t tr ll t t nd l l v rn nt r d n d t n t f r n r t n ld b tr pp d b n nt rn t n l f v r l l nd t t r d nt v r t d rp r t n t t t nd tr t n n bl B t th thr t r l; nd r th pr nt ld n l n r f v r l l r t t b d b n n r nt n l fth n t t t n th f d r l v rn nt bl t n t rr ntr t ll b d h l nt r t nv t nt l n t t t t th pr v n f tr t t h h r p rt v rr d d t l r d nt ld b t; ld r tr t n n f r n r rp r t f r t r v t th rd v t n th n t th
n r h p r xpl t t n f t t r r h N br l v rn nt— b nt f l pr rt h ll n — ld n t rp r t f r n r n l n t xp rt n npr d h v n h b t t nf r t t b r r t t l d n n l b t r n r ht n t t t r t n nr - th t l Dr l nn t rv v th l ht f d d nt h t f t t nd l l nv r n nt l n tr nt n nv t nt nd d th t xt h b n n (N Z l nd p rl nt—f r h n l r tr t n nd tr l h f r ld b thr n x pl — d t h v " r pt d n f r " th tr t b r h v t b th r r r tr t v ("l f v r bl " th n f d r l r th r h t n d t r r t th t x t n r ht ll b " r ndf th r d n" t t r l t n ; nv r n nt l r l t n ld b r d d r th nd pr d t t v r "r rv t n " nd " x pt n Th v r ntr t th "l t n d n n t r " f t th t th tr n n t n l t bl h nt ld d r t br n f rth • nv r n nt l nd n r l t n th t rv v "n t n l h d nt p f th n p r t h lr d d tr t nt" r b n n thr h th t "P rf r n nd th ntr l th t h lr d p d fr th p pl t th r r nt " n nv t nt r pr h b t d N t n l nd bn t n l rp r t b rdr Th dr ft n b r tl ft n d nd t ll v rn nt l r n tr n d fr ppl n d t nt nt r - tt rl v rthr th r l b h h t f l v nd t p th r nt nd fr " rd n pr f r n " ( n ntr t n r p r h - p t t v b l n h p l l n t l l n r nd nv t r n t l ll n d f r t f r n l l l b r f r t n nt n d n n xt p U
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P N F R H P NZ R T R NT NT b r l N n es. V n v r B ; P l t r lrP ln t 199 $ 95 Th nt r f r pt v l t v l bl thr h R 1- - 1 -5 77 r F r n J n 1 N ;t rt tt l t v Th pp l n ntr l f r n th tr l f v dv nt r t r n n nt d p pp — n f NNt t F -v- 1 V ° th ll n br ht t h lt r n n d nd th t t n r f r th oeP1 1 n t d t t Th th r n d h p th t P x — t th t th ll nd r t nd n v l nt r t th l l h lt r su 3111f5 ° ° 1 ‘1 °1 Veae- n pl h d r t r h l n pp r f x-04 r l rl n The Vancouver Sun, N h l R d t r n ‘ d - d d p tr f r n l rv n h r l r r d p t "D t l n NB " d d n h b R d r h lf n th t r f J th nt n th r F r n r n l b bl p pp h v r z l t t d n t h f nd n h p nz n J n 19 d h t ld th b nt nd d f r n p pl v n t f t r n J n d ll nd 1 r ld b t r tl nj d r d n t r n z n n rl R r F t ft r th - xp r n n th n v t bl rr nd tr ph th t p n nt v r r bl t ff rt t h lp h l n l v t f r r t r nt r n- Th b h b n h r t r z d " BeautifulJoe f r th 9 " t n d r r h N n t N h l R d h pt r d th p r t f rd b t n bl d h v n p r nt f th v r f n ll n t n t l n nd f r n f th t r v t d f r r t r nt h n pr t n t R d r b th n nd ld ll ppr t th F r r nf r t n pl r t t th nt r f r pt v h pp nd n th t r n J n tr l nd tr b l t n h p nz r t P B x 37 B nt n B h FL 33 r v t — hr t n t v n th nt r b t t v th h p r
continued from previous page Th p r t p r d B rl nd l r f h t b Huge Transnationals Divide and Conquer xp t n f dr ft d b nt rn t n l l b n n th rld fr tr d z n Th n t r " l d r " z n n n n d n t tr f r fr h t n f r t t f h t th x n d f th b rd r h b n d r b d "th nd l h ld f r n 1937 n nt f n d n t r l r r p d l n L v n l " n th nd tr l z n th l v l fp ll t n x d fr th r n t th nd v d l pr v n ; v r th p t d d r l th r t f nd n t rn r p Th r n th ht f r r f t ntr l— p ll n th t—h b n rr nd r d t nt r h lth; p rf tl h lth n n r d rd d n f v t t n tr n n t n l rp r t n n lb rt f r x pl th j r t f th r t ll t d th r j b ; th n d n f b rth d f t nd pr v n r n n b r l f r t h b n h nd d v r t J p n nd n d f n d h l p tr n l; r r n p n t b h th rld l r t rp r t n th b l; h n n l; rp r t th h lp t " nt n rd r " r pr d t v r v n t lb rt nd 1 n n b d r t n h z n th t rp r t n nj th r ht nd fr d ntr l b t f th r n n f r t— l t 3 ll n r — th thr h n l b l l th fr d t xpl t th t thr h f r t n nt r nt t b h " n nt" h r tr t n t l r- t f r t nd p ll t r v r ; th r ht t xp n t d f l r tt n v t tr t nd f d n th f r t nt h r r t p n d r pl nd tr t th n bl ; th r l p ll t n p lp ll Th p t n t nl n lb rt nv r n- fr d t r n l n f t r f r th t th l ht t pr t n nt b t n t l f br h b n d v t t n D n th f f h n n ; nd t dr v ll f r r fr th l nd; th r ht t th b nt ( t f t b h nt LP p lp ll r t rr pt b ll d n t nd v nt ll t t r nn z h n h th t h t h h pp n d "tr n nd th p n n f r v r t nt l r ht nd fr d r r nt d—d p t th x t n f n l d n lt n th v r l f r n t th b p d th l ll n n lt n t n l p n th ll r dl b t rr t r t h b n d v d d nd n r d b ll- r n z d v rn- x r d nt- b d z d rp r t r h t t t l r nd B rl l ntl r n t fr " n LP ntr " r th n l d " h v b n h n tr d r pr t t n fl t t nv t nt ; b t d n t n; h th r fr r nn n F r th nd v n th t th ll f th p pl r n t v rn nt ll x t t rv th p pl r t nf r th ll n t h f r th lth ffr n n t n l rp r t n t h f rp r t l t ; h th r r n t th r t tr n n t n l ; t t l ; th l n b t n v rn nt nd b b n bl r nd ll ; n n l ll ntr l r l v d r j t n th r d t t b ld t th h h t b dd r " MAI and the Threat to American Freedom n t r d n B t r th pl nt ld b r p t d n r f n d r t n r r d n a th t rn pr v n h t h pp n n — nd t h n th —T rr tt t p f n p d— r n nt f th r bb r b r n r f 1 r n h d l l d v t t n p l t l rr pt n pr l f r t n f G rr tt l n t n rv t n t, ldl f xp rt, pr v t r t p r t v n r n l h r h t t n t th h nd th r. A r v d d t n f h n r ph lt rn t v r t p rt l rl —j t r n n th z n n th t Tr p will b p bl h d b AWI n f ll 8. nd l h r — n t n t v p pl /
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Ethics Into Action, Henry Spira and the Animal Rights Movement v t r nv lv d j r rt l n Science, the r n f th r n by Peter Singer t n f r th dv n nt f n n th r b t n f th 192 p N r R n & L ttl f ld P bl h r Inc. $22.95 nt f t bl h nt Th n xt t r t f r r d pr d ppl t n f n l t t n H nr p r p rh p th nl n t h v d pt d th f d r t d t R vl n "H n r bb t d R vl n bl nd f r p r t d n l H b r ph r P t r n r th th r of Animal b t " d f ll-p d n th New York Times. n Liberation, h h br ht th r ht f n l nt ph l ph l - d n tr t n pl d n p rt nt r l n th t f th r thr h t th n l h- p n rld x rt p rf l nfl - p n n t th Dr z t t R vl n v f nd t t bl h th n n h n r ht n r d r t n f r H nr r thr h t J hn H p n nt r f r lt rn t v t n l T t n n d th b th bj t b n t l d b n nt ll n n p r t n r v n j n d n th t h n $75 d n t n f r n r n z nd d ff lt r r h nt lt rn t v f r th Dr z t t F rth r v n b n H nr b rn n B l nd l v d f rt bl b r n l l n th t pr v nt n p nf l r t n f th r bb t x t n ll h ld Th b f r t p t r h n d r bl l ttl t rr t t n t B th R vl n nd v n r d d th b n n t h t pl t n th b h th h th r nd f th r th n b r f n l bj t d t th Dr z t t h th r nd t r H nr l ft N z r n l t n 193 nd j n d n th r j r p n t r t d th LD 0, h h r r d th t h f th r ( h H nr d r b d n t r t p tr r h f th ld h lf f th t t n l t d n rd r t t bl h th "L th l rld n P n B th t h 17 h t rt d r n n h p D " H nr nl t d h n nt t t dr t ll r d th l n r nd th r r t r p nd fr n th r h nt n b r f n l d Dr r rd Zb nd n l d r h r n H nr th rld ft r t - r t nt th th r h p p ll n l t p rt nt r p n nf r n h l H nr nt n t th n r l t r bl l n th n d d d t f n h th r d l l h r t h th Dr L n rd R h d d th Br l n ll d r h h d b n Thr h t h pt r t n f r b d l p t f th p n v nt ll th "L t T t " th l t P rt l n p p r The Militant. ppr v d nd H nr r t H nr tr l f r n l pr t t n pr d d b h r f r If the whole science community and the regulators and those involved th N t n l r t n n h r h f ht th n t r l b r l d r with product liability move in harmony, then instead of having 20 to 60 million lab animals, we can keep chopping off some of the zeros from the J ph rr n H nr j n d r f r r p ll d " tt f r N end and wind up with a very minimal number of animals that are being D r " n r r t "H nr d t d nd l r l r t th r p used as a last resort in matters of life and death, and put all the resources n p p r The Callfor Union Democracy." v nt ll rr n t nd into alleviating the pain and suffering of those animals that are being used. H nr d d d t nt t h n n h rd n t n n rd- r f th f th p n r th f r t d b nn n h l n p p r n r "In 19 5 " h r t "th United States Pharmacopeia nd th t n d N n x rt d nd t ll x rt tr n nfl n n H nr Nati onalFormuloy, th p nd f t nd rd nd th d f n l l f h rr v d h n h 5 " b d n t r p h d f r dr nd r l t d t r r d f n l n 11 p r nt f th r d p d t n " H nr r t " n t v n th f r t h f r th t t B 1993 th f r h d dr pp d t p r nt " t j t th b p r r n " P t r n r pr v d n nn t t d l t f r h n t r n h p r t b t th t th N r R v f B p bl h d t h v nt h H nr h br ht b t T t x rpt P t r n r " n f t f r n n l L b r t n v nt " H nr nr ll d n r v n b n r h r t "Th h p t th n Select a target on the basis of vulnerabilities to public opinion, the bl nt nd rth th t t t th ht I l t n n t h r t r intensity of suffering, and the opportunities for change. fr n t r v H l th r r pl d h h r t l d n Bring about meaningful change one step at a time. Raising awareness is not enough. n r l h tr n nl l t p f p r n t nr ll n n d lt Maintain credibility, don't exaggerate or hype the issue. d t n r b t n l l b r t n " B t n t l n ft r rd th Be ready for confrontation ifyour target remains unresponsive... prepare f r t p r p n t pr t t n l nd r an escalating public awareness campaign to place your adversary on the n r d t l th n H nr r f l pl nn n nd defensive. r r bl p t n h v d F r t th d n tr t n n th t p fth Avoid bureaucracy. r n f N t r l H t r h h nv lv d r nt fr th H nr t rt d t t h r His biographer h pr v d d v l bl N t n l n t t t f H lth f r b r nd nn r r l xp r - t xt f r ld-b r f r r t l t 1 nt n t h h h d n n f r r t t xp r xp n Th n l — hr t n t v n 0)1 n l Welfare Institute Non-Profit Org. P t ff B x 3 5 US POSTAGE PAID h n t n D 20007 2. h n t n DC Address Correction Requested Permit No. 2300 MAT I t24 t4: rr C n nd v r f, f nd r f th pl r Spr n An l S n t r t n th r , b n d n d p h h d n v r b f r xp r n d th j f ft b dd n t r t n, fr h r t br th , fr d t l n th r nd, r th f l f n n th r b .
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D r t r rj r escue o igs aise D v d H ll Fr dr H t h n i a ac o y a m Fr b rn J tt Jr th L h t t b n j rn t th l ht rh t rn d nt hr t n t v n tr p t p r n p r d f r 1 7 p b nd n d n h n t n D nth l n n hb rh d T htl p d nt h thr -t r d ht n- ff r h l d tr tr l r th p r b n tr n p rt d fr R hr t n t v n Pr d nt nth l n V Pr d nt nt n N rth r l n f t r f r t H tf ld l t t Fr b rn J tt Jr r t r P nn lv n l ht rh Th D tr p l t n p l h f nd Fr dr H t h n Tr r r th t rr f d p nt t d th h n t n H n t h h d nt f tt th tr t d t P pl r pr n n l n t r n P l v ll rj r n h l Ph D r l nd r rd B rtr nd Ph D Th h h d b n n th tr f r t l t 1 h r b f r th r B nn tt D rb D F B rb r rl n Ph D f n ll nl d d F r f th p d d f tr h l n th tr r R r P n Ph D h rtl ft r b n nl d d nl 5 t nth ld th p lr d l P D v r d h pp n t 5 p nd h d n htl r th J hn l h D nd h t t h d d ff lt l n nd ll h d th r t l t nt rn t n l tt ff nd l r r n th r br d nd ll n l t l r th t th r l n d l j D V - x h rt l v n n r t l t h d t n p r n nt t ll T nt D V - r b d r T b r H n - B n l d h h n th p r t n n r f H n r rp r t n n (th n l n - n t d n d p n th t n d th p rr v d t th n t r t r tr v th n h r - n p h rt d b h n t n l r nd b v f nt r d fr d t tz n - h l l V t r rd Ph D - D n r nt r l nd p l ff r P pl r pr n pr nt d th n r l x bl v Ph D - R fr th H n r f t r f r th b ll f $11 3 f r xp n n rr d t ff nd n lt nt f r th p tr n p rt r nd f d n Th b ll n t t t d l l l n J D B r p t r n lt nt n th t t f r l nd ft r nt n n t t n th n r r d J hn l b r t nt t th ff r t r t h t v r th nt Th p l r L r N l n D n H lv r n F r n l n lt nt f th n l L l D f n F nd ll d h bl ff nd d nd d th ll H n n P bl t n rd n t r b th r n h r rt f d h n ll n r n bl t pr d L nn H t h n x t v r t r r d p nt f r th p th n r d d th p t P pl r pr n th L x t v D r t r n nt r t n f tn t rd n t p l r th dr v r N ll N ht n l rd r r t r r t N l n ldl f n lt nt p d p th n xt d b h n t n D p l f r dr v n nd r th P tr N l n d t r l n lt nt nfl n f l h l t l d v r d th t th h d n t b n th J nn f r P d n tr t v t nt f r t t th dr v r h d d rt d tr l r f ll f n l V t r R nh rdt D V Ph D Th h ll n l v t th r n t r l l v tr p n r L b r t r n l n lt nt f ld th th r fr nd f r nt r t d n d pt n r J nn f r R n d n tr t v t nt p n r n n f th P pl r pr n p pl nt t T rr d R b rt R r h t n t P pl r pr n n l n t r P B x 5 7 B n h t nt rn t n l rd n t r P l v ll D 37 (3 1 - 1 TH N L LF R N T T T QUA E Y SUMMER 1998 VOLUME47 NUMBER 3
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i t Co 444 P nd F t r F r n R f 1 P R d n F t r F r 3 r l rp r t lt n F l F r r nd Th r P B tt r —R n H H n l r p n F t r F r l N V t — t 1 L L th P v H n p n n 1 r n l R t rn H pp nv v R r h n D lph n 11 h h l n nfr nt t n 1
h p r f t r f r v t ld t n r . ldl f p t ff rt fr v l nt r t th pl r B t n B b l ph nt v d Fr nt rn t n l Tr d 15 Spr n An l S n t r , h d d ft r h 1 l ft d fr th tr t n h r t th l ht r r n B r P h r h r d th R t r n h . hr th r p r d d n rr v l ( t p ll n lv th r n r 1 p 2 . t v L nd P l h ld F ll L d— n l nt nt B n 1 L n Pr t t r D v d " p " h n ll d 1 r n j r Pl r n N r n v rn nt 1 xx Pr d nt ll d B f r H h r rt 1 H Fr Tr d d l D r d n r F d ppl 13
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r n t n f f l f r G rr tt ( h rt l n p 4 h lp n f th r d p d n t p r p fr th tr th rd t r. 9 Printed on recycled paper. AGE 4 • SUMME 8 AWI QUA E Y e C ue Co o a e Assau o ami y a me s a ei igs Above gold and silver_ more preci ous than rubies; a race ofvirtuous and independent farmers; loyal supporters oftheir con nig" —Senator Thomas Hart Benton, 1823 b T rr tt CC ll d " Th nn l d th r t n r p rt d T d r t f f l f r in extremis. t v r Th h rv v r " d p" nd n f n h b nn n n th nh r ll d ft r thr r f r f rr n f th n d n tr t n h th nn d th r n f f l f r r nd r n bl t v n l t th r n d th Th r n h r th t nl b l r d r n nt r t n l n t r l l f xp t n f p t n r ; n f t r th n f th p p l t n r n n th f r r r l x d th f t nd l nd Th H rt B nt n "r f v rt - n h lf nd nd p nd nt f r r " b n r - t b rd h v rt ll nt - pl d b n f d l v rn d fr r t d h pl x n r n l - rp r t b rdr n h h " ntr t h th d th l —b th p n r r " f lf ll th r l f rf nd r nt n d n—h r h d 35 n - r r th r l f l v l n n l nth p n ff - Th rp r t t v r f r l- l n n rn d Th n t r ll t r r l n ntr l nd n p l t n " t " th r ; th n l r f r t nd d r f v rt l t n t th p n r nd r n pl nt nt r t n nth ht f n n f - r nd p nd f d t th rv v n h t r n nd tr t b n Th h t " l d l " v d ntl r d b n f th t p rf l nd n n r p l l bb n th n t n th h n t tr d t n l f r h r rr pt v t nt l n h n th n- th r l ttl d th l nd r n r nd f d r l n nd p n tr t- pr d t v f r r p t th th n nt t t v rn nt nd l l - r t t v n "l v l pl - t r r th ntr S nd p l t pr n d n n f ld" th n B t th f ld r b f f r n l n l f rr n r t . n th n b t l v l Th pr f t r l f nd t d r n n bl n r t n nd p nd nt f r r d p nd n th th d t n h n f t r f nd tr l r lt r t pr d r pr ; th pr f n l " n th h f " B t f r dernier cri f nd n th h f t r t t z n r rp r t n l b rd h nt n th r n p - th f r b lt nd nt th nt r nt n t h r p n pl nt nd— n r n l — ll t r t l nd r th r l v th r br f l v n h d n l p d b ld n f- n l b l pr d r pr r rr l v nt; th d t r n nt r f d th th v rp r n t n h f l f d h n r h l l nd r t l pr Th pr d r pr f h t t n t nd n n d n r t l t n p t n pl t d fr 59 3 nt p nd n J l 199 t th t th r n bl t t rn 3 3 nt p nd n J l 199 r nd D r n f rr n th B t th h l l pr dr pp d p ll tt d th n rr nl 3 d r n th p - th t th t l n n d "F r t th p n n l Tr t r d fr $1 t 95 nt nd r t d fr th r p l t b h j t l n th r h n n th r h ff t d r t l pr n t b r p d d l n h p rt f t r h d l tr t nt l t ll p r v r d $ p r th t th l tt r n l Th p nd n J l 199 ; $ 31 p r p l t th lv nd r " r - ld l br t n Br d n n p nd n J l 199 t d rl n n " r t n th f r t t p n n bl l n " n th r v rt l nt r - fr th r th r t nl 1 - t n ll rp r t n t l —Hog Farm Management Magazine 1 d f th t th d f l f r t d n th n b r - n n t d th t r t lt th r n r nt l f t r t f th l b rn nd D th l nd r h nd t n nd n n t - ntr l r t t h h f r r tr d t n ll h pp d th r h ph r l d n th h dr n lf d nd n r h v l d d n nd t nd p nd nt p n pl nt —th nd r t nd bl h h T nt ll n p nd f nt b - p r t n th t " pt v ppl "— h v b n f r d t f t r f d t f r n l h r v n th d l b n T n f th nd f ll f r r h v t r n bth r p t d f nt b t th t h h r n h pl b th nn t ll th n l n f t r ld b p bl v t n b r f n th nt d p t th ll p f n r t nd p l t f l t rv v n n r f ll b h nd nd r n nt l t f h h f t r xp n n nt n a AWI QUA E Y SUMME 8 • AGE
p H n pl x r pl nn d f r p nt d v r t th t th t pr r fr t d nv t r v r f th t rn d h n rth rn T x th n L v ll f ll Th th D t n r n n f n fl d f l r d th R b d nd n R rv t n n th D t rp r t n nd th R p bl n v rn r J n l F lt n nt ll n nd Pl tt nt n th nv h n n t th n t t v rp r t n th th d p t p t t dv nt f th • t rn n h b v r t bl b ttl r nd pr r h t z dd t n l r t h r b t n rp r t nv t r nd t z n F rt n t l t B t f r ll th r n nd p l t l nfl n f t r p bl nd r th n n t t t n f r nt t d d f r r r v ln r bl F t r f r th lv h th r h d - f r n d n t r n - v l p nt t b ll d P b- ll nl n f t r l t l n t t v h v b n h ld n r p d n th r ; t t n th t n f h f t r n h t r r h h d - n nt nl n nt r f p l t l ntr l t th d rd v t d b 59 t 5 5 t f d r l l v l h r h n t n- d t h f t r 71 f ll f r nt f th P r nd t - th v t r p rt p t n n th rd t nd v r nv r n n- l t n v t d "N " n thr f t l l ld nr v l th nt r th f rt n nt h r - t rp r t d n n n r r nt d p r n f r h rdl h ll n d B t t z n h f t r t n tr d r v lt n t h f t r n- t z n f r d th t r nd d r p b n f tt n d f r l ht r p r t fr n tr n th n n t r b h nd t l b r . th d n th ntr n r ll d v r • h tr d t n ll b n v n nt n t — n t t n n t n t th n b t n f f l f r n ll th l r t h pr d n n t t n th n t d t t t t ll f r t n h b t th n b r • n l r d h r b n f r l t n h ttr t d f nd p nd nt h f r r h pl n d fr 1 t 1 v r t nt l r h f t r l t n f f r r n d d nd t f h pr d t n n n th nv r n nt l t nd h n t v t r br n n th h nd f rp r t n Th rp r t t v r h d r d d b f r th v t r n th N v b r nv r n nt r t d l t r- l t n n t t v 1 ld f r h l b tt r d th lr d d pr d f t r t b t t n h b n l n r r l n H v r th 1995 p - l n r r p r t nt nv - f F l 519 l n t n th r ht f r n nt l n t r n b b th t t nt t r l t h f t r nd nd nt th r t th n r th r ht f t z n t f l t n t f ll l bl f r "r d t n " d h f t r r t d n nt n b - nd v ff t d t z n t nd n t l h N n R p bl n l l t r h t rt h n n r t br n b t v t d f r f l 519 r t d t b th nf r nt r b n rp r t n v t r n 199 nd D r t r nt- h v r d ll n f d ll r —r p rt- n n th t r n ntr l f th dl n l d n n ll n d ll r fr l l t r th r n th n- th ph r t l nt Pf z r t t p t th pr rt r ntl th n t t v nd tr r p h r l d th pr v n d n n t z n th th F r B r F d r t n nd th r ht t f l n n t n t h N t n l P r Pr d r n l r n f t r t b "bl t ntl n n t t - f ll h nd r t n l " • th D t f r r l d b In t t n r t , n r t ll • n l h h r t fr D t R r l t n h v pl d n b t th b r f th r . h n f t r n th t rn p rt f th n t t v n th b ll t d t f r n t t nt n t d th T l t r ppl r b n rp r t n lt th r t f th t t nd- t z n f n ll f r d d r t l tr n r l t r b ll— nt d l d n N br nt - rp r t l ld ppl n t th t t h f t r — thr h th t t b n rp r t n d f r n p r t n n th D t l l t r r t r n n n tr t n r n n n l d n f d n ntr t nv lv n rp r t - n d n - ff t n pp nd N rth r l n th r l n l Th ld n t pr v nt pr v t l n d h f t r th N rth r l n h tl x pl t d t p d fr p r t n n th D t b t N br xp r n ff ntl v r l t d t r d v l p n AGE 6 • SUMME 8 AWI QUA E Y
Ab v : h h ph rr tr nt h r f rr n h t h, b ld n n t f r h r p l t . Ab v r ht: S nd p l t n l n d p tr . ht: t th r ntz n f r n th r tr b dd d h ph . h p r t thr h th tr b l , r t n th r n n t .
A e e Way— og a mi g a Mee s e A ima s Socia I s i c s by Tom Frantzen injury-related health problems were common. The finishing Farrowing and finishing hogs have been core activities on pigs that were closely confined in a slat floored pen, as the Frantzen farm for over 55 years, spanning my and my recommended by modern textbooks on pork production, did father's farming careers. gain weight quickly, but they exhibited cannibalistic behav- In 1978, I changed the way hogs were housed and raised ior. Tail biting became a serious problem. at our farm. A room in our barn was remodeled to hold 14 In 1994, my wife, Irene, and I spent two weeks touring steel farrowing crates with slat floors. A small underground Sweden with a small group from Iowa and Minnesota. The pit was dug to catch the pig's waste. I distinctly remember trip was organized and hosted by Marlene Halverson of the how those "modern improvements" changed the very nature Animal Welfare Institute and Mark Honeyman of Iowa State of our farm. Slat floors and the stagnant watery manure University. The farms we visited were employing deep beneath it created a repulsive odor. Any activity that stirred bedded facilities to proiiide low stress, humane conditions for this fecal soup greatly increased the smell. At that time, I their livestock. I was awed by the healthy and content thought that this was just a part of being modern. Noxious disposition of the stock, and the farm families too! odors were not the only bad features of the slat floors and Every time I observed my old, crowded, slat floor hog barn crates. For the next 13 years, I would struggle with countless and the stressed pigs living in it, I too became stressed. Their animal health problems associated with slat floors. social brutality (tail biting, bar chewing) was caused by failing Sows in the crates would slip on the (very expensive) slat to meet their basic social instincts. On a hoopbuilding tour, flooring, causing various injuries. Little pigs suffered knee I was told that pigs have three desires: they want to run abrasions from sleeping on the hard floors. Pneumonia and nt n d n n xt p i
AWI QUA E Y SUMME 8 • AGE
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nt n d fr pr v p One hundred and sixty pigs from the old grower were released around, build a nest, and chew on something. This behavior is into their new home. Boy, did those pigs have fun! In the new impossible in a metal pen on a slat floor. Early one September hoopbuilding they have lots of room to run, straw to chew and morning, I opened the door of my grower barn to check on the heaps of bedding to nest in. They ran around all day—and pigs. One of the pens was covered with fresh blood. Their even in to the night. The next morning when I went into level of stress was so high they became violently aggressive check on them, I will never forget what I found. As I walked toward each other. I could take no more! I announced with up to the door, it was quiet, very quiet. I peeked into the a bit of profanity that my slat floor days were going to end. hoophouse to see 160 pigs in one massive straw nest, snoring Deep-bedded hoophouse facilities appeared in the Mid- with great content! I laughed until I cried. Their stress was west in the mid 1990s. It was exciting to observe this gone and so was mine. development. Not since being on the Swedish farms had I Our deep bedded buildings are now a year old. We are observed a humane shelter! More exciting yet, was the selling the second group of pigs this fall. We have not observed promise of an economical and ecologically sound building. In any social behavior problems. Even when the bedding pack a hoophouse or structure, straw-bedded pens replace metal is four foot deep, the odor level is very low. Nutrient losses crates and slatted floors. The straw bedding mixes with the hog from rain and snow runoff is nearly nonexistent. waste which is self composting, creates very little odor and no Hoopstructure housing is the most significant develop- ecological hazards. ment I have observed in moving agriculture towards Plans were set to build three hoophouses on the farm. By practices that really make sense. It took a long time but September of 1997 one of the houses was ready for the pigs. our pigs finally have a happy home.W1/ I was very anxious to use the new facilities. On moving day we bedded the new hoophouse with fresh straw, and lots of it. r ntz n f rth n r t n f r r fr Alt t , I .
AGE 8 • SUMME 8 AWI QUA E Y • AGE KEIKO E U S OME b r V n N t good food, clean water and a vigorous training program brought A dramatic step forward for the freedom of captive wildlife back Keiko's health and ability to catch live fish. occurred on September 10th when Keiko, the orca who starred Other critics claim that the $10 million cost of rehabilitating in the movie "Free Willy," was returned to his home waters in and returning Keiko has been misspent on a single animal. They Iceland. ignore the fact that Keiko has rn d his special treatment. Carrying Keiko in a special, water-filled container, a giant Warner Brothers, the company who produced the "Free Willy" US Air Force C-17 transport plane swooped into the Westmann movies, contributed $2 million from huge profits generated by Islands. The overnight flight included a mid-air refueling, the films. More than $4 million came from the increased gate after departing from Newport, Oregon, Keiko's home for the receipts at the Oregon Coast Aquarium. The Humane Society of past two and a half years. the United States, whose business is rescuing animals, contributed The move is the second-to-the-last step in Keiko's rehabili- $1 million. Much of the expenditure has been for the construction tation and release by the Free Willy Keiko Foundation. The 20 of the two tanks, which will be useful for future rehabilitation, year-old whale is now living in a huge floating seapen anchored research and education projects. Keiko's adventure will inspire in a protected cove off the southern coast of Iceland. If all goes other similar projects around the world. well with his readaptation to the icy waters of the North Within a week of Keiko's arrival back home, he was visited by Atlantic, Keiko could be released to the wild—and even be a pilot whale, a minke whale and two porpoises. It is expected reunited with his own family sometime in 1999 or 2000. He that orcas who live in the region will soon discover Keiko. The was captured in the area by Icelandic fishermen 17 years ago herring runs, a primary food source for wild killer whales, begin and sold into the marine circus trade. soon in the Westmann Islands. It will be a dramatic scene when The rehabilitation and release plan for Keiko has been a pod of orcas arrives outside Keiko's pen. The public can follow fiercely attacked by the marine circus industry, which feels ignoring the fact that Keiko was extremely sick when he was rescued from an up-to-the-minute developments in Keiko's life by logging onto threatened by the success of the Free Willy Keiko Foundation. amusement park in Mexico City in early 1996. The foundation flew him to a huge, the Free Willy Keiko Foundation Web page at http:// Critics claim that the program is endangering the orca's life, specially-built tank at the Oregon Coast Aquarium, where superb veterinary care, www.keiko.org .
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h G dr n, n f h n b t, d n th 0 nd 80 t pt r r f r th l b l r tr d n th t r rr nd n I l nd.
I l nd r l n K h . r th f r t t n h t , K n h n t v h r n l ff d rf K .2 ll n ll n p n. t r nd d t l l pp d th rf th h t l fl . K th n d v nd d d v r l l p r nd th p n, r v ll n n h n f nd fr d . hr r l h l n v l th pt r n t h v b n r n t n h r f r r b f th r t r v t d b th Int rn t n l Wh l n C n. 97( 977 AGE 0 • SUMME 8 AWI QUA E Y Maka W a i g Co o a io b B n h t ft r r f nt rn t n l d b t th h nd n tr b ht b t h n r h l ht n f h n n t b t f n rth t h n t n t t pr p r n t ll l f rn f r r nd p r l d t t th tr b t f t nd r h l n th nth f N v b r f x t d pl nn d p n th d p t t rn t th t v r f p pl n rth t h rp n ll b thr n fr tr d t n l h l n n t r h l t n t h ll b h d h l v d th th n t nt n n p n f r th f ft l b r h r n r r n th r nd th t th r ( r r p r n r fl t ld b th f r t h l d l b r t l n d bl fr th r h b t f b tt -f d n ll l n th ll d fr th nl nd n v r f rt r nd n t t t l f rn t Th R n n t v h ll 1 r d dl pr d nt f h l n b d n lt r l d r n t d h l rl f d th t l t nt r l t f x n f n tr t n l n d b r n f r f r Th h nt f ll b d b th r d ht f th r n Th r tr n v d n th t th r n l d f r th v rn nt Th t rd h d l r d 15 f t " x l - h r pt n f h l n fr J p n tr d n n z n " r nd th h l r nd ll h v t l t thr h p p rtn r h b l nd r h n r fr th tr b Th n h nd t p pr t t r d f n r n b r n l Th h b p pl t r l n -d r nt h t -h t n th t n rth- h l n tr d t n l d t t h th t th b t t n r t h n t n v rn r ll d n t t nt rn t n l p th p th N t n l rd t f r n t v p pl t th np p - d f nd th r nt h l r pr t f h l n t pp r D nn l l br t n j t th t th f r t h nt t d n th r r th t nt - h l- r nv n d th t h- n pr t t r ht h p ht r h l ld b ld N n d d b t d z n f n th T r t f r ll n r p h v v d t tr t d ll r h Th n t rn ld th t p th p n h l n d t th r h t th v r t l v l bl n- r nv r t th r lt r n l d n n ltr l ht r r ft th r l n f n h d r- b r n r r d b t r ndl r h l ppr h h l t h n b t. bl r l x n th b r n l r nd pl d nd r - h l n t r nd f l t t n t r nd l t th r pt n f J p n h r - F r t r r nn n th t ntr v r l pr p l b d ( lt r l h l n th h d v r d th t th r n n d r d b th nt rn t n l h l n n ( r t f r r h l t th -b d h h l n pl n n d l t n t d r n th t n f th tr b th t b r l p d d th t th pl n f l d thr h t r l pr r t f th xt r n t n b r p n n r n nt nd t ll t r f b r n l b t n h l n th t th r b n r pr nt t v f n th r tr b ( r h l th l r nbr n tr d t n f h l n th t th r b d n tr bl h t r n n dd nv r n f v l n n t v l d r n n tr t n l n d nd th t th r b n r l p - r rd h l ( nd l n nd l n "r r " h l n nt Th h h v n t h l d n v nt r d n t l n n n-n t v l lf th r t r n n tr t n l n d nd h v r d fr th r f r t l tt r f nt nt tr d t n l ld r t ht nd p nd nt nd lf- r tr b th r ht t r ll tr d n h l pr d t th n th th r n p rp p r t fr n p r v d h n d d h n th f n ll v t d n th n n n 1997 l n n rt d nt th N rth P f r h l BEQUESTS TO ANVI t r rv n th h l f r b r n l p pl " h lt r l T ll h ld l t h lp r th n l lf r n t t t nd u i io a n d h v b n r n z d ( ph dd d " f t r thr h pr v l n th r ll th n r l f r f b t v n th h th rd n was nt nd d p f ll t d l f t d th h th d l t n d t l l d v t r Th I give, devise and bequeath to the Animal Welfare Institute, located in Washington, DC, the sum of $ h r pr d n nd r th pt n th t th n th and/or (specifically described property). p r n f th t ll p t f r r h l r D n t n t L n t-f r-pr f t rp r t n x pt nd r nt r- Th l n t th r v r n n t n nd n d p r - n l R v n d t n 5 1 ( (3 r t x d d t bl l n fr n th r th v rn nt n r th t h l n n r h v n h r h v p f h nd ll h l p rt th h b t th d p t n f r b t t d h Th h h v d l r d th t th ll t ll f n h l pr v n th r tt rn ?
AWI QUA E Y SUMME 8 • AGE AWI O oses I asi e esea c o o i s—O e s A e a i e b B n h t v r v n ll n d lph n h v d d n th t n f h r ph l t b rd thr t n p r - n r n d n th r f th t rn Tr p l P f Th N t n l r n r l r f h n pr t v r f t f th h nd n r l - F h r rv (N F pl nn n n nt nt n ll tr - nt ld b f l d f r l t r t d n th d lph n nd n th p p l t n t d t r n f th pr t f t n r ht n th h p r n n t th b h v r t h n nd rr nd n d lph n th n t t t h th t n ld l t th n l "r ft n " " l p n " r n n t b n th " n f nt dv r p t " N F pl n- th b tt f th n t b rv r h v l n n t d th n n n h r n "d d t d v l" t l t t n f h n b n l b h v r l n th v d n th t th j r t f h n d n p d f p nn r nd p tt d d lph n th d lph n ll d n t n n t d n t fr nt n l nt r h l pt r nd p db t n rr nd d b th f h n dr n n b t b ff t n n t th d lph n ld b r tr n d pl f fl h r t d ld t t th h p th th t d l- p n h d fr th r d r l f n tr n - ph n nd r hr n tr ff r xtr ph - tt r tt h d bl d t n l l h n th t r nd t d b th r nd r l d Th n th bl d nd th r b h v r D lph n dr - ld b h d pt r d n l l nd r p nd t r p t d h nd nd pl d n nd h r nt b fl d n th r b d n nd n th l rt d Th T dd n lt t n- ll br n t b r j r th r n n- p r bl l r t - v bl b n f t fr l t l v nt ll f th r lt Th l t n t t n N F tr t d l r t "d n d n t v n pl nn d t b n nt l th r n r h ndr " f 1999 th r t r f r d r t d t n • h r n t l f nd n h th r r n t th tt n f n t n d lph n l h l- " n f nt dv r p t n d pl t d p p l t n " • ‘ • th t th th t pr f f h p t th r t r d r t d t nn t t nd th „ h n th d f n t n f th "d lph n- f " l b l n n f • - t d lph n h rt
t n t n l d t n ht " n d lph n" n th n t t . . d phr nd l- h r n d lph n r ac ua y o se e t b ll d Th ic a E is i \ v l ph n t r z n n r fr d r lt f th v rt rn n f th l t D lph n Pr t t n t n f v r f th l d n l l b l d f n t n Th n l nt rn t n l D lph n n rv t n Pr r t n 1997 b t n th r r p n r v t d b th Th h n n l l r th n b r f d lph n th t n fl d f l rt d th r l f n t r l p t p n- b ll d rl fr th 1997 l v l f 3 5 t t t l v l ll r Pr p r n f r p nf l d th th f n t n f 5 n p rp t t n r l n th t D lph n nd h l r n n th n r p n t th h hl nv v tr t d pr p d n l rld n th t th r bl t n br th r b N F h n lt d th f th f r t nd r n r l n th th t p br th n nd ff t th r t f tr n th rld t ff r n lt rn t v t d r nd th t bl d pl b t n fr n t th nt r n th r r p t nd r r h ndr d nd f ft t d lph n ht n th t n lt rn t v nd r pr nt n t t b r f n r nd n t Th bl d ld b ntr f d nd fr z n n b rd f r th r n l n f r n d r t n l t r n l f th h r n nd h l th t r b l v th t pr p rl nd t d t d ll d n- n n t nd t tr Th r t r f r tr t th t th d pl t d p p l t n f p nn r nd p tt d r r d b r h f 1999 t d d h h t n t th d lph n nv lv d n th t n f h r r nd d ff r n d lph n- f r r nt T n bl h t n n- xtr dv r p t " n f nt p t" f nd n ld f r d d n t r nt th t th tr t d b n f r l th fl d f n v l xp t d t b n tt n d t l p n d lph n n f th r pr d t n b ld "d lph n- f n p t f r ff rt th r t r d d t h d f " n th r t ll n f d lph n l v h n n th th h n n th d f n t n f th "d lph n- f " l b l t b l n f th d n n l d t n ht b tt n n t r nd d lph n n th lt rn t v tr t d t th t thr n lt rn t v t r n n p th f ll- l nn d t n r r h t pr d f d v r b h v r t nd b tt n n
AGE 2 • SUMME 8 AWI QUA E Y
US S ou o ow EU ea ecog i i g A ima s as Se ie ei gs L t r th 15 H d f v rn- nt Th n t r r th r d nt f th r p n n n ( fr ll th b r t t t ll d r d t l ll b nd n pr t l f r n l t b v n n t t n th t t th nd t b r th Tr t f R nt nt b n t t t "p f ll r rd t th lf r t th t t th Tr t h h f r r r nt f n l " h n f r- th rn r t n f l l f d l t n nd pl nt n - n l d r r lt r l pr d- n t p l n r lt r tr n p rt t n 199 th P rl nt n- r r h nd nt rn l tr d th d r d th p t t n nd n 1995 t n f r ll tt d t r n z ll d f r th Tr t t b tr n th- th t n l r l v n r t r - n d t n rn f r n l l- p bl f f l n p n nd f r Th r f r n f th f nd nt l pr n pl f ll p bl t f nj n th - f th lv h n ll tr t d Th r ll- Th v rn nt f th n t d b n th r f r v r d nd r th n d l d th n r n th nt nt b n r br p rt nt v t r f r nt nt b n Th p rt nt pr t l n t Th n t d t t ht t b n xt t l h v d n 1991 th r n - n tr t n n r l f r r n t n d pt th h n f nd t n z t n p n n rld F r - f n l " nt nt b n ." A h f r th lf r f n l n r l- n pr nt d p t t n n d b dr v b , r M n t r n l r v t r tr n p rt r r h nd nt r- ll n p pl t th r p n P rl - th th th b p n. t t r
oggi g o es e Ki e w i e yi g o o ec A cie e woo s n pt b r 17 nv r n nt l t v t D v d " p " h n ll d h l d nt n ll l l n n xx /P f L b r p n l nd n r r zzl r t t P r n l f rn D v d r h d b r d d tr th t t d n d p t th pr n f th n nv l nt pr t t r P f L b r Pr d nt J hn pb ll n t th d th d nt l nd l th t l r d d n t n th t t v t r n th r h rl H r tz ( p 1 th pr d nt f P f L b r p r nt p n xx d d n t r t rn ph n ll r t n nt b t D v d d th V d f t d r tl ntr d t n pb ll t t nt p- t r d th h t l t ph r t r zzl r l th n n h r b f r D v d d th Th r t v f P f L b r pl n b h rd n th v d t p f r l h t n b n t nd thr t v r l th r t v t r j t x f t fr D v d h n th f t l tr r h n d n t pp r th t th d v nt t n th r n d nt n th d l b r t nd l t n p n f v l n b th l n p n n t n nv l nt nv r n nt l t v t R p rt dl pr t t r h v b n v d "G p " Ch n nd h n , l h h -t d nd l r d fr tr t p p r h nd h d th r f t l n t b P f L b r l b r L r h v t tr n th d r t n f th tr tt r nd h v thr t n d l v b tt n tr th t v t n th L n h l pt r h v b n d t h r tr tt r h J l B tt rfl p n th n f t f h r tr pl tf r t tt l t r h d l l n t b r nd t v t n nt r d n x - ld n p f P f L b r pl h h d thr t n d nd lt d n t b r h r tr n t t p ll l l n n th r t r h d t v t r n th t n p rt l p rt b pp nt d t nv t t D v d d th n pl f th H b ldt nt h r ff D p rt nt h h rr ntl b n d n F d r l rt f r th r p l f n p pp r pr d r n n nv l nt pr t t T ft r th tr d th l f rn D p rt nt f F r tr d t t n t th P f L b r p n f r v l t n t t f r t pr t r l d r n th l n p r t n t r zzl r h r D v d ll d
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AWI QUA E Y SUMME 8 • AGE ow ee a e I eo ogy Is eg a i g Ou oo Su y b r V ll nd t h d lph n nd r th br v n - rld- rd r f f d v r nth r h r b t n th r tbr f f p pl n n l n r ll t v r l d d b b d f d f t n t E. coli n b f r j d nt b t h r f d pr d d r h rv t d l n ll nd p l b t r n h n th n t nt - Th D h p f d p l l b h nd th l x n t d r pb rr fr t l P pl t h h t nf r nt f th H n l ht r t nd n r th th nd f h pl f r n l r r d d nt t n p n r lt nv lv d n th nt n v nf n nt f h nd nd n v r t th l ht f d th r nt r l v h n Th n b Slaughterhouse ( l n tz H d d r f d ppl t nt h nd t n th t 1997 Pr th B r v l h p n h ll n f p pl r l n t f p r r t nd l n r r tl p d d p d r n th 19 nd d l n d r tl th f r r f n t b f f d f t n p t r r f rb dd n t t p th l n h n th th n b f fr hn nd t t h l h rdl nt n- f nd v l t n t ht dd nt p r p nd t th t n l th pr bl n t n d nt th r t d r v pr f t fr th ndl p r t f fr tr d nd xp rt Th nth th n r l nt n ff r p rt d th t t ll t rt d r h n th n t d t t r t f n p t n p rt d f d f l r nd D p rt nt f r lt r ( D /B r b n - r nd d th t h f d t r n h lth nd pl x nd h n t n p l t n d d d th t n p t r f t t nd rd F d r l ff l n l d d th pr bl nt rn t n l tr d p t t n th h d d t n t b t f r d h l t n ld d r pt tr d F d r l f d " p r t v dv nt " n r lt r Th f r d nt t b l v th t fr tr d r l tr p f d f t ld t t p r xp rt r v n nd " dd v l " t r n rn B f r t t pp t th h h ld r l z r p l rn r h nd b n b r nn n th th t th D lr d h r l t r p r v r p rt d t thr h n l t t th t ll t h h r pr nd p ltr nd p rt d t b f r th n r n Th l f r d ld xp rt r f l r d th h ld th D tr t nd r n r n pr f th d t Th th D n th rd r f d l b l n b ll n h f d t b n t ll f v d n tr t n bl ndl p r d " h p n n r d r r n th l d nd t t b f d" p l pl t th xp rt nd pr d t n b - pr d d n f t r f r nd rr d t d Th d n h l B r d b t f d n th rld r n f d v nt br ht b n nd n pl d nd r d n th h r t f D b rd h p f d p l n - nv nt n l n t l t th t n h v th r r d rt n th nd tr l f d t n dr v n t ff nt r lt r l t n th rld th t pr d npr d nt d p pl nt n ff l nt ll h p f d th t f r nd f r p pl n th ntr t D pr t t n th dr ft r l nd n th n nt t t Th v l dd d t th r v n f B b t th dr n b rd rp r t n l n r nd r ll f r b- P pl h v b r ht t l n h l f d t tr t d fr th h d f n r nd r r l r d nt t l n r t br th nd l n t r t dr n h v h l n r tr l th t n bl f d h th r ht t ll t v l t t bt n th r ht H r r l p pl r t h n th r l t f l f d l n fr th tr t th pl nt nd n l t p rh p th r t t nfl x f f t r f r Th r th rd nd f rth n r t n r f r rth nd d n t nt nt p f r r n br ( r th r f r d nt ntr t f r n b h v th p r t b r l b t h n t t d rn d h r r pp r th r t r ppl p ll t d b n n t d nd "v l dd d" r l- nd d pl t d nd th r nt n r r r v ll n t t r h r ll t l v l r n d r d th f t f B n h v v t "d d z n " t th th r n pr r b t B ll n t v p l f th pp R v r nd t x r b n t t t r n n nd tr l t fr h h th h v pr f t d Th t nt l f th fr tr d d l r h f rth r r tl Th pr v l d p n th l l t r f 13 t t t nt r l v th n t p pl r l z B nt d t p f d d p r nt r "v l b l" l t b f r d l n t r p b n n t pr d d th r th h n th p d n pr h nfr H v r th ll h r n nd t f r t ll rt n thr t t th f t x nt n t r l n th J D nd th h d n th t p t d r v rn nt n t t d th rld Tr d nh b t th rld Tr d r n z t n n tz rl nd t r n z t n r t d p t r l t n p n l h nf r th r h p f d p l F ht n th b ttl ll b d n r n nd t r r n h th T h th t p rt nt th n v r d v rt rn d r p h r n b n nd v rt rn d r b n n th p rt f hr p ht h l ll n nd n r d Cr ll nd Ch pt r Ch r f th S rr Cl b K n t rtl n r l nt d t d nt r v n Ch pt r. h rt l fr th S rr Cl b p n bl r b n n th p rt f t n ht th n t th t l r d C p n < . rr l b. r tr d > . ei AWE QUA E Y AGE 4 • SUMME 8 ew
O EGO EA OAC E C A GE OUS O EWIS COMMU I Y EMA S A WI ACKE EE I G MA AM EA A SWE O A IG E OWE b r-p h n r n h b n br n p th r t r- J h n t l d r n H t n T x nt t n l n r ll d t r d n n bl n nd dr xx pr d nt h rl H r tz nt bl f r tr ff n "P pl nv lv d n th n p r r n t h nt- h rp r t pl nd r r t n th t h pp r b f r r th r th v " d pt n L nd B ll d r t r f th B t D n th J h rt f r l l H r tz h r n t t P l F h nd ldl f D v n "Th v r f d t nd th xx - n d P f L b r t l n r n ldl f nd ld th f r p r n l n " p n d tr t v l r- tt n f th 1 - r- Th ll d r n l d r R nd d rd H ll n f ld H d t r F r t n N rth rn l f rn H b ldt f l n r t r n h r n th f r t f th l nv lv n nt nd h h n bl t nt d d n f r nt r - ldl f n th 1997 r- d nt h l n n l l t r br d n d R nb r l d r n th t ppl t n H ll n nd H t n pr t t t t 1 th r ll ll ll d b r "Th d f pp l n t t ll th r b d p rt t r r l n t f r n b r H ll n n n ff rt t h n th p r t n ll dl ll d th b n pr t f n b r f r th r ll bl dd r f r b r nd h l l v n th r t f th r H r tz b h v r r t r t B r llbl d- r p n bl ld h v f r- d r f t h x rb t nt pr r h n pl t n f r n nd n n - ll b n nd r l n t thr h t th n t d r p n th ntr " t t h r th r d n 19 th j n t tr t v r l nt Th b nd fl t d b nv t d nf tt r d d t nd n- f l n h l l n t rn t n l tr d n b r p rt H r tz r d th P - pl n v r r n th f L b r p n r n n p p l t n f Th pt b r nv r n- b r rld d nt l t v t D v d h n ( p 13 u u SA ES UMA ll d n th H d t r COM A IO F r t b f ll n r d d h n J nn lt n f ll d b P f L b r d d rd d b h br d, In ., ff r d h rt tt t p n pl h r p t V tn p t- f t r f r br d n f l t . h r G EE S A MA O b ll d p L L h v d d p d ll v r th p th nd l n nt AYE I E EW h r l f h n L L r l- r d n E d , C l r d . z d th r th n GE MA th h r h n - GO E ME p n n h t rt d t r " n th r b f t t r " N l - l t d r n h n ll r rh rd hr d r r lt n xpl n d h nv t d Th r n r n th rd l r t p l t l L l n h h d t h lp nd l pr n nt p rt t b n f th l D r t p l t l t n n h r h t h r L l t h r lf h l r h n l t n p rtn r Th r n r v d 7 f th v t n thr h d r Tr tt n t nt th r d h dr pt b r n t n l l t n nd h v n d ntr l f tt nt n t h r lf b l n d n n fr nt f p n r thr b n t p t n l d n th t f th F r n n tr h n b ffl d t r t f n ll t pp d L L l d h nt J h F h r lf- d t d f r r t x dr v r h r lt n rd " h rd n h ll r n L d r b th f r t r n n t r n th t t l v l n 19 5 p n d tr " r lt n d h r pl d " n n th F r n n t r J r n Tr tt n n th r r n d tr t Pl ll n b l n " Th n d nt f d l d r h b n pp nt d n t r f th nv r n nt n d d j t th t nd th d rr v d l v r n rv t n nd R t r f t r n p rt b r f thf l L L v n nt d t p n h r tr n th ndr F h r n th n t r f d t n B rn t b l n H d h b n nn t d f r n th r 15 n t f th nt n l r v nt r pr nt t v fr Th h r ph n r lt n pr b bl ld h v d d r n r f r t l t d t p rl nt n 19 3 •
QUA E Y SUMME 8 • AGE o swa a s a y E e a s Sa e om I e a io a a e "Until we start treating animals with empathy and ethical consideration we fail in our own humanity."
- nth D r t r b l l ph nt R r h Pr j t b d R b rt n n f nt v t r n t th r l l b l l v n l Th n l lf r n t t t nd th r b r f th tr d th fr n j d h r l d n f v r f th N t n l p rv v l N t r nt l tt r t th th fr n n l f t f r th Pr v nt n f r lt t n l n t r f nv r n nt l ff r nd th B t n n n - (N P n nv lv n 3 b b l ph nt n r p rt- t r f L l v rn nt L nd nd H n n n tt pt t dl n t r ld r p r t d fr th r h rd pr v nt f rth r pt r nd xp rt f b b l ph nt fr n B t n T l R rv nd xp rt d t th fr b B t n nd t p th 3 b b l ph nt fr b n n l d l r R rd h zz h zz r p rt dl xp rt d t z n d v l p d ntr h v ll t v l pl nn n t ll th l ph nt f r $ 5 h t p r nd r t d th t B t n nv t t f r t rn n th z n v r ntr n l d n r n h n tz r- b b t th r f l nd th t th fr r fr n fr r - l nd nd p bl th n t d t t N th N P ll b xp rt n th l ph nt bl t z th l ph nt nd n t t l n -t r pl n t D phn h ldr h r n n l ph nt rph n n r h b l t t th nd r n t th th th r f l n h n t d t th T nth t n f th nf r n f th P rt t " lv th t are orphaned between 4 and 7 years ll have no trouble th nv nt n n nt rn t n l Tr d n nd n r d whatsoever (in finding their families) because th r b r th r p ( T l t r n H r r Z b b elephant family clearly and are familiar with the elephant l n " B t n l ph nt p p l t n d nl t d fr p- Th b b l ph nt h ld h v n v r b n r pp d fr p nd x t pp nd x ll n tr d n l v n l "t th r f l n th f r t pl ; b t nl l ph nt th t r ppr pr t nd pt bl d t n t n " n l d l r ll d f r th r v r th n l h v th pp rt n t t h h zz h v b n p d t pr f t fr th P rt n n r th fr n l nd p th th r r l t v nd d d d nl t n d n fr nd Th l ph nt h rd r p r t d th l -fl n Th n l lf r n t t t h j n d th r r n z t n h l pt r n b b th t r pl t fr th f l r n th n t d t t nd r p n f nd n th N P ff rt pt r d nd r v d nth n t d l ph nt r - t h lp th b b l ph nt r h r nd D r t r f th b l l ph nt R r h T N T ntr b t t th r n bl ff rt pl nt t Pr j t n n t t d r ll Fr n h N t n l n l f P l B x "Biologically each elephant calf is extremely important to its 13 lb rt n 1 5 R p bl f th fr mother because she has to invest so much time and effort in producing and rearing each calf to adulthood.... If a calf is to survive to adulthood it too must form intense close bonds with its mother and other family members." T nd t th t l v n l "b h ndl d t n z th r f nj r d t h lth r r l tr t nt " B t th p r v t f th nt rn t n l pr f t r h v b n n r r t d n r h th r fr nt nd h nd l h n d th r tt n nd nd v d l t th r d t th r nd pr v nt nt t th n n th r n n p - t r f r th N P h n d t n ntr n t th pr r p rt d h r n h h-p t h d r n fr th b b n NN nt rv l ph nt r r h r J P l r p rt d
"These elephants have not only been brutally beaten, but they've been psychologically traumatized, as well. ...They have been treated really badly, absolutely appalling what's happened down there. I have A l n t l ph t l n d t n th h t never, ever seen elephants looking so bad, even elephants that have f t n r d th t nd h b been orphaned, they don't look like that. ...Well, I went in, I went back into the barn and they didn't expect me to come back and there tr n t tr n b b Afr n l ph nt t Afr n were several elephants that were huddled in there in chains, and they W ldl f S rv t d r t r , S th Afr , n were being prodded with one of these. This is a piece of wood here S pt b r. h n n th l ft h h b with a drill bit in the end. And we're being told by the opposition that r d f t tr th n t r. h lf the wounds on these animals heads are being made by other elephants. f r l r h n d nd t tr n d p r That's simply not true. They have got pus coming out of their t l t p th t n nd h d b h nd foreheads. It's just unbelievable." tr n th p nd. C nr d rr n t n, ph t r ph r AGE 6 • SUMME 8 AWI QUA E Y S o Ki i g Wo es wi Wi e S a es l n n l pr t t n dv t r l d n b ll t " n d nt l t " f n n-t r t n l n l tr pp r n t t v n l th t ld pr h b t th ll n f r n t r r d t r p rt h n th ll n n-t r t n l lv th r n r H v r r p rt fr lf b l t rd n H b r nd lf n r r r l p d n d t t h lf th r nd t th t th h h r t f n d nt l ll r r nd th n n nd f th r l p n h r d t t p l f r lf n r tr pp r tr r b h nd th r l p t th th r nd Th r Th l t n f r th l n f L f th pp - n h n d v th t ll th n nt f B ll t r 9 l l p t t ll r b t n t b r P n t l v n nd n p p r d
Th d th t th lf t th - th t B ll t r 9 ld b n l p ht r nd th n nd th n r h p f x t n l th- tr n l d h r h tr l t n nd h rl d fr p lv t n n n r Th f l - B t n pr t r n r ft n h d pl r d l nd t r pp d r nd lv p r fl t l d r l n l n n r t h Th lv d p n tr t Th r b - n t d l b t l n r tr v n t n f nd d pr r l b th "B l- p l d n t v n r r l t n t t v l t n " ll - tr pp r t h th r n r n t n f r p th t n l d th n l tr l n n z n p n p rt n r nd n t n f r d r r b f r d n A lf p p ht b th l n r n n r . n f t r r t n th In h p n d tt pt t p , h t t d r nd N rth r n ld h p F n- T d lf n r n n l nd r nd, n h l t b d ff. t p ll d n " t r t n" t l d t n f r l b nt rn t n l t r t n n r n t hn h r d z n f lf nd th N t n l R fl t n n r r t t n l t n r b r ntr l r t r t n n r n th f v r d th d f lf b nt ft n d b t t ttr t lv tr pp r n l Th tr pp r h v b n p d $ p r t r t n n r n t h n t nl lv —th t r t lf b nt b pr v t r p f h nt r B nt tr pp r p —b t l n l F r x pl fr 1993 l t x l v l r r ft t th r tr pl n nd t 1995 th l D p rt nt f F h nd p n- l v lv nd th r n l f r n n r b r d lf- ntr l pr r pr r l r l n n n r d d n l t b t f r th r Th r n t f r th F r th 1 9 lv h h r t n 9 n n-t r t ff r n f th lv n r v n f r th l t f th f r b t n l r ht n l d n 35 1 r b nl nt th b nt F r r nf r t n pl nt t r d f x 1 t ld n l r zzl b r nd 3 l n n t n r n lv 3 L t P r lv r n Th th nl h rd d t v l bl n th 1 5 n h r 995 1- - 99- LF
r v d d t n f Alternative Traps ll n b d b th n l lf r n t t t t nt n nf r t n n l r l b t t t f r n nd b d n r nd t l-j l h ld tr p th t nl d pt r th d nd th n th t th r t p n nd nr l nt n ff r n t n l
n l lf r n t t t N n-Pr f t r P t ff B x 3 5 P T P D h n t n D 7 h n t n D
ddr rr t n R t d P r t N 3 e we4: Gr zzl b r , l th b tt n n nt n d , r nd r thr t n ll f th r n t v r n . h r n p rt l rl r v d n r n r t h C l b , C n d ( p 6 .
C v r ph t b nn nd nn r . r. nn r , f r l d d t d t pr t t n b r , r t r d US r tr S rv ldl f r r h b l t, nd rr ntl h d th W ldl f r h In t t t n El , M nn t .
D r t r U a e: escue igs ow E oyi g i e rj r In the last AWI Quarterly, we reported n the valiant rescue of D v d H ll 171 p b nd for slaughter. Tightly packed into an eighteen- th L Fr dr H t h n wheeled truck trailer, the pigs were abandoned by the truck driver Fr b rn J tt Jr in a Washington, DC neighborhood. Luckily, fate nd dozens of hr t n t v n volunteers, intervened and the pigs were rescued. All of the pigs who nth l n survived their horrific ordeal have found happy, permanent homes. ff r Ninety-nine of the pigs call PIGS, a sanctuary, home. Many of the hr t n t v n Pr d nt pigs had a difficult time walking when they arrived, as the slatted floors nth l n V Pr d nt and cramped conditions of the factory farm left them with muscle Fr b rn J tt Jr r t r Fr dr H t h n Tr r r atrophy and injured legs. Now they romp and r t n a large pasture, complete with their own woods. nt f tt rj r n h l Ph D The forty pigs that went to Farm Sanctuary have settled in, r rd B rtr nd Ph D especially nj n treats of bagels and popcorn given to them by F B rb r rl n Ph D admirers. Twenty-two pigs, including Priscilla (see photo on page 3), R r P n Ph D who is being sponsored by AWI's president, Christine Stevens, remain l P D at Poplar Spring Animal Sanctuary. J hn l h D Despite previous poor treatment by humans, all of the sanctuaries nt rn t n l tt report that their new charges are very curious about people; every day l n d l j D V - x T nt D V - r becoming more tr t n and friendly. If you ld like to make a b d r T b r H n - B n l d h donation, or sponsor a pig, please contact one of the following sanctuar- n l n - n t d n d ies: PIGS, PO Box 629, Charlestown, WV, 25414, Farm Sanctuary, PO n h r - n Box 150, Watkins Glen, N 14891 or Poplar Spring Animal Sanctuary, d fr d t tz n - h l PO Box 507, Poolesville, MD 20837.* l V t r rd Ph D - D n r l x bl v Ph D - R t ff nd n lt nt J D B t p t r n lt nt J hn l b r t nt t th ff r D n H lv r n F r n l n lt nt ll H n n P bl t n rd n t r L nn H t h n x t v r t r th L x t v D r t r N ll N ht n l rd r r t r r t N l n ldl f n lt nt P tr N l n d t r l n lt nt J nn f r P d n tr t v t nt V t r R nh rdt D V Ph D L b r t r n l n lt nt J nn f r R n d n tr t v t nt d R b rt R r h t r rl pr n d t f t r f r , th p n r d t IGS, B n h t nt rn t n l rd n t r n t r . h n nj th r n p t r , nd b h v h l th r ld n —r t n , r t h n nd f r n n th tr . THE ANIMAL WELFARE INSTITUTE QUA E Y FALL/WINTER 1998-99 VOLUME47 & 48 NUMBER4& I
O o 6 0, Was i g o , C 2000 • o e: 202 2 2, a : 202 8 4 8 • emai : awi a ima we a e.com : www.a ima we a e.com
t. t t244444 l t n 199 B ll t n t t v d D nv n l f rn n V t r R j t F t r F r 5 F ht n th N F d l R l r 5 L nf r nt t n pt r N t r n l l r 1 h n z l d v r 1 T n P n l Pr t t n L 1 Zh b D j —Pr t t r rt r 1 rv F nd D n n n F R n 13 F r n l R d P N nj n L f B n b-th r p t f Dr 7 ll f r tr n nf r nt f th H n l ht r t 7 h n r n t n h n th f r t f Ind n n d p r t d n r f b n n l n t f Pr d t n d tr d ( p 8 nd . F t r F r D d N t r n 13 F r t nd ldl f nd n P r d L t —P pl f th F r t F r t F t 1 r zzl B n 1 d tr t Tr p B n 13 j r B t n B r P rt Tr d 13 B R v From the Redwood Forest, Ancient Trees and the Bottom Line 10 Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge 1 r lt H r lt B t r lt 1 " t " t l t n ff r n 13 ld H r ll d n N v d 13 n R br n l v l nd r 15 M t r ll , n f th p r d fr l ht r l t O t b r ( th pd t , p 2 . H nr p r 15 r nthr p 15 T 15 i e o ecyc e p p r.
AGE 4 • A WI E 8 AWI QUA E Y E ec io 8
8 A O I I IA I ES: MA Y O E S SAY YES" O A IMA S CA I O IA A S C UE A S, wo S A ES OU AW COCK IG I G b n P ll Th rld d v nt n t th dr d d t l-j r h pr t —L n N x nd l h l h ld tr p r v d j r b t h n l f rn v t r n dd t n t b nn n r l tr p l f rn n v r h l n l ppr v d t t d b ll t r t b n th p d p r t r Pr p t n t b n th f t l-j l h ld tr p nd t r tr t th f th r b d - r l l f h r f r h n n pt n r pp n tr p n p n h r th pr p n nt nd N rl p r nt f v t r f v r d th t r n pp n nt l t v l p nt $ ll n v t r h nd l p- r nt r th d h v d l r p rt d th nh - pr v d Pr p t n h h v r l r tr t th f l h ld n tr t nt f h r tr n p rt d nd l ht r d n tr p f n v r t tl th f n r nd n b r f r th n t d t t nd th n h pp d t f r n r t r r t n r r n f r nd f rb d th f t p n — f r l f r h n n pt n p nd 1 nd d n d — d b D p rt nt n l dv t ff r d j r tb n h f r lt r f ld p r nn l n d n ll n t h r v t r t rn d r t r t r th t t l f rn b th n th f rth t t n 199 t l n - t nd n pr t t n f r rn n d v b thr p b ll t r b nn n r l tr p j n n r z n t t r n H nt n nd n nd tr r p p nt l r d nd h tt $3 ll n n th p n t- p nd n d v pr t - n th d n d l v t r v r h l n l d f t d t r b f t r f ht Th r r r bl d pt v r Pr p t n 9 th t ld h v tl d th f dv rt n p n f l l r d th t th pl nl n r f r ll n lv Th ll n f lv n r d b rd d r f r t t p t b n ll n l th l D p rt nt f F h nd nd b pr v t l r r h nd f r n D v dv t d d n t h v f nd d b nt h pr v d n t n l tr v lf n h f nd t nt r th r f rf t h d ll t n ll b " t r t n n r n " (th pl nt f d z n f r l th r b d n n nn t nd t h r n r n nd rbr h r d t n h l f l h v t r ppr v d r r f rr d t th b ll t b N t n d v t r d d d 11 b ll t r h h h d t t l l t r t pr t t h nt n nd tr pp n n - j r pl t n f r n l Th d d th n l dv - l pr t t r r d d dl t p nt—f v t n n t n v n f 11 p n nt n n j r r f nn t nd 1 t n n t h f l t t d b ll t p n n 199 B t n 19 nd 199 v t r d d th n l F r th r f r t t v r v t r d r tl d d d h th r dv t n nl n t t d b ll t r n f ht n h ld b l l V t r n r z n nd r 199 v t r h v d d th n l pr t t r n 17 v r h l n l ppr v d pr p t n t tl th r p n — t rtl n t rn r nd nd n nd t n f n nd b rb r pr t f f ht n n h h r t r r r n l n n b t n l nd d v l p- dr d nd f tt d th t l n v n th r l t f ht t th n p l t l ph t t n f r r l v nt d th r z n n ppr v d th f ht n b n b W n ll th S n r r d nt, C n p r nt j r t h l r v t r ppr v d l r t n & G v rn nt Aff r , f r h n S t f th r b 3 p r nt nl thr t t n p r t th Un t d St t .
MAIME OG CO I CES CA I O IA S O O E YES O O OSI IO 4 B t rr n n th P t nd ldl f - l f rn V t n nd d d p n L - l nv t t n f th r th Pr p t n p n r l d d h lp d nv n xt nt f th p r n l h rr f rd l b v d nt L r v t r t b n th t l-j l h ld tr p f nd th r n f th d l h l dr v n l n l f rn l p d n t l-j l h ld tr p t nt r t t l t J n J nn f r V n N bv th t h h d h d ff p tt d n nj r d d h tr d t h l t p th n f th t l- x th d nt h r r b t t n v l j l h ld tr p L l L r Th t rr f d n n r tr t d nt bl t t h th d n b x tr p t ldl f rr d r b lt t ll ldl f t h t v t r n r n t p f l nd r h h J nn f r ft r xt n v r r th n- r t rn d d ft r d l v n f d f rt n t d r v r d lb t - t r nd r bl n t h n th p p n h l ft h nd l H l pr v d t r d t t h r f nd h J nn f r d d d J nn f r nl t d th h lp f ff r th t h nd D ll n— th thr - T dd L r f th H n t f l d d n n n— r n B rn rd n V ll t t h th b dl nt t b t th rt
AWI QUA E Y A WI E 8 • AGE O E S E EC AC O Y A MS
A I AC O Y A M CA I A ES WI , S UGG E AGAI S AC O Y A MS CO I UES b T rr tt n 199 the proliferation of hog factories, which has em- 59% of the popular vote despite a massive infusion of corporate broiled state legislatures and county commissions for much of cash and opposition from the state's Republican governor. the decade, reached center Lauch Faircloth was defeated by John Edwards (D, NC). stage as a national is- Faircloth, according to CounterPunch (November 1-15, 1998) sue. On November "was part owner of Coharie Farms, the 30th largest hog 3, in the words of producer in the country. Faircloth owned more than $1 the Wall Street Journal's Bruce r r r tr r n ft: A r l x d r p f p ph t Ingersoll, "Pig r ph d n f l f r l t h ndr d r . l : S n pr nt d f t r f r . h n t v n t rn r nd n th r politics became 22 n h d t t n t ll . h xpr th r d p r t n b big politics." tt n th b r th t pr n th . In the two states where the hog factory issue million worth of came directly before the people, the stock in two verdict was unequivocal. In Colorado, Initiative 14, which places slaughterhouses. hog factories under moderately severe regulation, was approved In Congress he at- by over of the electorate. South Dakota Amendment E, tended to the in- which bans corporate farming in the state altogether, gained terests of the pig men as chairman of the Senate Sub- IG I G E EW EU A U E S committee on Clean Water, Wetlands, Private Property and Nuclear Safety." x rpt fr th J n r 3 1999 Environmentalists and small farmers across the state worked Washington Post rt l b ll l rb rn hard to defeat Faircloth. The Sierra Club flooded the airwaves "It's ironic when you think about our heritage in South with ads linking Faircloth to water pollution and pfiesteria. Dakota," said Johnson, 41, who took over the family farm when In Iowa, where hog factories have blighted northern his father had a stroke in 1981. "Our ancestors left the landlords counties and driven most of Iowa's traditional hog farmers out and kings in Europe to come here for their economic freedom, and now we're making the big corporations the new feudal of business, the hog issue played heavily in Democrat Tom rulers....Sometimes I think nobody is paying attention while the Vilsack's crushing upset of Republican gubernatorial can- big corporations are just taking over the whole farm economy and didate Jim Lightfoot. In neighboring Minnesota, Reform destroying an American way of lifi." [Charlie Johnson a farmer Party candidate, Jessie "The Mind" Ventura's victory sent from Madison, South Dakota] a seismic shock through the American political establish- The article quotes another farmer: ment. The governor-elect supports a temporary morato- "The feed comes from out of state, the hogs come from out rium on new hog factories. of state and the hogs are shipped out of state for slaughtei ," said Factory farming was also a factor in the unexpectedly Don Hoogestraat, who turned his third-generation family severe defeat of anti-environmentalist Republican candidate farm over to his son eight years ago. "That leaves us with Ellen Sauerbrey by Maryland's incumbent governor, Parris nothing but the manure, and the farmer becomes a hired hand Glendening. Glendening received high marks for his crack- on his own farm." down on Maryland's huge chicken farms following the 1997 Hoogestraat, a former president of the South Dakota Pork pfiesteria outbreak in the Chesapeake Bay area. Environmen- Producers Council who is now critical of the council's support of tal protection was a defining issue in the campaign. corporate-backed farming, accused big hog-producers of engaging Despite political setb4cks, the industry blitzkrieg shows no in "planned overproduction" to temporarily drive pork prices sign of abating. With the producer price of hogs as Iowa as 9 cents down and force more family farms into contract feeding agree- a pound—the same price it was in the Depression Era—the last ments. Earlier this month the price of hogs dropped to a 27-year low of 15 cents a pound in Sioux Falls—half of what it costs to of America's family hog farmers are being driven from the produce—and in some parts of the country prices have dropped to business, while corporations are engaged in a brutal battle for less than 10 cents a pound. control of the hog market. In the meantime, thousands of US Agriculture Secretary Dan Glickman has announced a citizens, from the New Melloray Monastery in Iowa to series of crisis measures, including a moratorium on government Owyhee County, Idaho, are threatened by the insensate drive loans for new pork production plants... for more, and still more, hog factories.* 1 f
AGE 6 • A WI E 8 AWE QUA E Y A ima s as U i s o o uc io : I us ia Ag i usi ess a Se ie ei gs b n d ff Tr d t n l f r n p r t n tr t d n l pr d t n p d n th th nd f th r n t f nd v d l f r r n th p r n l t f h l pr d t n n l r n tr t d nl pr d t — h ll h d d th f n hb r n f r r n th r nd tr l pr d t J t d t n h h f l d t h v h r b nd r h n r d f r br l r f r n pt n r r t h d— nd h h n ld tr t v l b t f n r n n nf n nt tr t r th t nt n p t ppr h d h n r j t d th r l b br ht b rd H t h n t l ht r nl ht th nt th h nd f d th fr b ttl Th dr t t nt Fr d h n r fr ll h ld n h h f th t - nth ld h n Th ld r t r ld tt ( th d f pr d t n r r t r r j t d n d n • n t br t h nd h rt nd h h ld b rr d r nd H r r d n r bl n r d n r nd t n rt l t r t F h r b t n r v r h h n t t n h ldh d n th 19 nd th t ll nd f rr n r t n- 197 th n nt t rr bl n t t rn r nd n th "f n h- r n n f d pr d t n n h " h r p r f d i h l f r lt r nd th fr r nd 55 p nd t D t n th r r h n 1 l ht r z th r r fr rd r fr r b n pl - 1 t 5 h n b ld- nt nd h l p n Ab v : n h n r nf n d t b tt r n n f h dr n l- t rt d pr h n th d pt n ll th n t v n pr d th r n . h nd f f d nd n fr x r - f th nd tr l d l t b th r b r p nf ll t ff b t th t ll p th nt nd r n r tr n r t t V l f pr d t n f th r ff th r t f r l f n n t r l v t t n. l : S r nf n d t r p d t ll th t l r xh t f n t r n r p rt nt th n l t th n t h t rn r nd n. t n th b r f n t ntl t r v th t x d v r f d t n bl th r pr n th r nl p t n. fr th h f th t f nt r t d r p nd f n h t ff f r r th n 15 4
n l pr d t n b n- , : n t h b n b- d n d n f v r f n lt r n t th . ...g. F r r b p l t n th h t f r th .. .. " - — - - - - r nl rn nd - " - v r r d d nd t n n p l- •••s ww4 , me ...±ammI — ... ' IIIIIII e `.1‘11111.-- r rrli"..■ . b n th r d v l p d h • ..... c iii■ tr p r t n l d t v d r r b f f dl t p r t n IIII I I I . " Ø II ■ d - ff D r n th r rd- / . 6 ■. Th v h d n th n t ll t ■ br n h t- v l t r n d th n d n t f d th • T x l h nd r n OW rld nd v r th n t d th ll n nd ll n f h n n ntr t n f f d pr d - nd br l r ff t d n th r t n nd pr f t nt th h nd p d ll th d f f l r rp r t n r t ntr l th l f d n th n t r l t th n r nd r r N t n r h r h n r b n r n t d n t t th r bl d th f ll n f l v n r t r th n n th p t— nl th th d h v h n d h n l ff r fr th f rt n f th r P ltr th f r t t t t ll nv rt t th nd tr l n r r r r n th t r b n r pt d l T d th r r l t n nd p nd nt p ltr p ltr h n r l pl l d nd l ft 1 r r ll r th r n d b r nd r ntr t th l r h n t t rv nd d T r l t r th l t n f rp r t n Th h nd tr n th d r t n th nd f h n r n p d n th r l ttl n h t ll n l r n r d n h n- r bl n p ltr h v r r n th d h rr r f n nt tr t r r d n ll p n r t r n th b t t ph n n tr d t n— nd n th t v n nt b t t b t d (th t n r n r - pr tt h p nd tr l- tr n th h h n nd p nt n h tr f l nd t n n nv r br n n pr d t n f d n th r t tr n p rt t x r nt Fr Ken Midkiff formerly a hog farmer, now is the Director of the r th r d ll x t n n th f l f r t n t f Missouri Sierra Club
AWI QUA E Y A WI E 8 • AGE A Ca o S o g E o ceme o e e e a uma e S aug e Ac n 195 f ll n v r h l n p bl pp rt th H - th l ht r pl nt v t d f r n ff t v f pt v n l ht r t d pt d n 197 th F d r l t b lt t nn r t r nd r n l n n nd n n- n p t n t nd d t p r D n p t r t bl Th 199 r p rt n t d th t " t n d r d t p th l ht r l n n th p t f n r lt b rv d nh n t ll n n l t r n n n n th l n h t pp d l ht r n t l ll r - ft r th t nn n pr d r th bl d n h ld b n nt l d f n h th r f p nt r f b b d n l p bl ft r t nn n " t 57 p r nn l r rr t d n th t t th p bl h d f th pl nt p r tt d l n th p r d f t b - th t th l h b n nf r d l n tz 1997 b t n t nn n nd bl d n Th r p rt n l d Slaughterhouse (see AWI Quarterly, F ll 1997 r d th t f th pl nt v t d h v " r pr bl " n n t th f t th t d r l t n h d d n r d t l d r l t n ll n f r tr n nf r nt p d- p n th l ht r l n th t n l r n l n r f th H n l ht r t pr nt d t th b n l ht r d n nf r t th th l n th ntr r n t d t t n l H lth t n n l l- th b r v l d th t fully conscious p nd r b n f r tt b D r t r th L Th b t n tr n l d ld d nn d nd d b r d n th H r pr nt f d r l nd t t r l t r v t r - n t n l ht rh n r n thr h t th n t n nd h d n n t T v rn nt r p rt " rv f t nn n nd H n- f nd n n 1 97 n t h tt nt n t th dl n n F d r ll n p t d B f V l P r nd h p r pr nt t v f th L v t r t n t n l ht r Pl nt " (J n r 7 1997 nd " p l rv n bj t d t v rt ll ll f th t xt l n t ld n t b H n l ht r nd nt - rt n p t n" ( r h b t nt t d Th nd tr r pr nt t v v n bj t d 199 pr v d f rth r d nt t n f th f l r f l h- t t xt t d fr th t v rn nt t d l n t r pl nt t h ndl nd ll n l h n l n th t th t d t ld n t b b t nt t d n th pp r nt v l t n f f d r l l r f nd d p t th f t nt r t f bt n n th n r v t t d pt r l - th t th th n p t n f l ht r pl nt r n- t n n pp rt f th H n l ht r t pr - n n d n dv n pr v d n pl pp rt n t f r pl nt v r n r d Th f n l r l t n h h p- n r t v r- p p r n th b x d pt d b th n l lf r Th 1997 r p rt d nt d x v f l tr tt f th H n th f ll n d t pr d l pp r fl r nd h z rd r p t n f d pt d b th f ll b rd f th t n
R L T N D PT D T TH T B R 199 H T N
TH N T D T T N L H LTH T N N R TR N N- F R NT F TH F D R L H N L HT R T B D F D F T ND N P T N RV T PR V NT B T N L PR T T D ND R TH T
(Th n f H t b f r f r n t n nd rd n t n n t t nd f d r l v rn nt n v r t nd tr nd th r r p n f n l h lth nd d ntr l n l lf r f d f t nd p bl h lth
EU a s Su e a eu ic Use o ugs f J n r f r d l d r th- nh n n nt b t nd d n lr d nf r n l t r l b n n b- dr ll b b nn d f r n th r p n n n th r p t dr nl th r p t r d n l dr b-th r p t v r l l r n n l d n th rld H lth dr r n t d t h lp n l r v r b t r th r t r n z t n Th Br t h H f L rd nd th Br t h nd r p d nd nn t r l r th r p tr d n l N t n l n r n l h v p n t n t b- fr d n h l n r l f t r f r p t p r nt f ll th r p t dr Th l t n r pr nt n r p ttl h p p nd p ltr r v n b-th r - Br t n r n f r r r p rt th t th f nt b t p t nt b t h d n r d b p t 15 t n th p t 3 r Br t n d n r n nd Fr n l d th p n t Th r pr r l r d " t r t n l t n x l d th f th dr r th- nh n r Thr h h n l r pt n r n t r l l tr f l n t n p n P rt l nd B l b t n d fr th v t nd t n nd r r t n l tr t d th r p t r th r r n th t th b n ll p h p th pr f t D n r th n nt b t "
Ac 8 • A WI E 8 AWI QUA E Y AWI QUA E Y A WI E 8 • AGE Indonesia: A Paradise Lost eo e o e o es by Dave Currey Th d r l t h n eyes, v th r n t n F r t l n n t nd th n t th r nd ft r f n t n t l v n d nt r b t th p n tr bl f r t f B rn nd t n r d bl h d-h nt n p pl f nd b t n H t n f r t f l r b f r h r h d t t r b t th r th nd t ldl f h v t t t t n Th nd n way f l f th r n t n th xtr rd n r pr b r l d t r n t n N rb tr v ll n p n n tt d v t r n ntl b n f d n nt b t n l d d l p rd l n r l f n bb n b r nd rh n B rn h v r f p t f h n l r n t n h r f t r t rn t h n t r l h —th f r t n p h b t t l ft Th l nd th f rth l r t n th pl n t h b n r p d b v nd tr l l n nd ft r t h d th nt r f d h th ht f r h l p d l f nd pr d t n n f ll d b r d rld nd l l p l t l t h h r thl l pr f t d nl th l t n t p n n th Th n f th l nd p rv d d b d nd r t rn d h nf t d th D n f v r nd t r v r n h r n t n n th ld p f th r n nn l r t t v r t n t th n rv n h ld r l D "d t r" h d nd r t d th n nd pr v d d p pl Th r nd xpr n r th f r t th n t d r th n th t n t p r r r l f b t n h n n f th d l xp rt n h t tr t p n b l v t nt d p r n r d f n r n l t pr b bl th r h f th t nf r h l r nd th r th n ph l lln f nf t d th th xp r n f r r n ldl f p n r lf l xpr n th t pr d lt ll v r th f h r r f h t h n b n l n t n n t pp n nt n ht r n l nt n r d n t d tr th r t r th h h r 9 p r nt f th n ft r x nth t ll xh t d b th n b t nl r v r d r t rn d t B rn Th h r n r r n t n r nl f nd n th l nd f tr nd B rn nd t t th f f th l l t v t nd th pt f ntr nd n n p rt f B rn n n l nt n th t tr v ll d th t th r r n fr 3 r f ppr v r l t n v d n f th h rr f l r n f th f r t th r n t n h Th n p n n nd r thr ll d t b nv t d t tn d r bl nd th t h p th t f r d lf x nth l t r t r t rn t B r t ld t h r h n D v ll n r t ld r n t n t h lp r n tr n th t f ht f r th r f t r th P r H r t nt t r n t n v r n n v r p r n l 199 ll b r f th r n t n n F br r lth h r pl h r n n p t n t nd r t nd— ll nd p nt t n r nh b t d b r n t n d dn t n h t d d l t f l —th r d l n t l rl n xtr rd n r l nd f l ll r n th f r th r t f l f tr v ll d r h ndr d f l tr t n l t f r h r h n n nf nt r n t n f ntr l l nt n h h j t thr r h t d r n f tr p l f r t r br ht t h r l t d l rph n d b p h n p H v r f r th l t th rt r nd n h n t b n n pl t l v f r t f r t h b t t nd f r f th nf nt h v b n ld f t p pl nd th tr f t ldl f V t tr t f l nd h v b n r v d b p t h l t b ld r d b h t h pp n n p n n d b f l nd fr nd f f r r Pr d nt h rt nd n p pl h v t th r t r h r p n n f r n r b t b n d pl d nd d tr d l h n f ll t h ndr d r ld tr h rr n h r f ht f r th r f t r n t n r - J t thr r h rt nn n d r p t pl n t t rn n 1 ll n h t r n l d ff lt dd r f f r t nt r r n pr j t r p t b t n t p bl b t D p n th f r t h r f r nt t ll tr d th p th nd h rt r n b d p th d n l r t v n n t b ld n l d p nf ll t n n n p t n tr n r ld ll nd tr n r nt h n b f r v n n t r p l l h n th h n v t bl th r n n n fr nt f th r h n n fr f l d nd f r th r l t f n t b d t f t b r tr b h r r nd l h r b b r bl d v r h r b n 1997 th v t f r t f r r t rt d t l r l nd n th r b l b r n t dr p v r h r h ld r nd r b h r br t t f th p n h ld n n n t rt l n t r d r r nd d r r nt l th r r n t l n t l l D v ll r n th ntr f th "r " r h d thr h th l v v d n nt l r n - pr j t b t th f r nd r n t n " n v r r n t n t n th h h h nd l htl r v b t l t r nd h r " h xpl n d " x pt h n th f r v r d n n xpr n t t n t r n th nd r r th r n t n n th tr n th th r b n f th r v r v r d p ll d p n h t f t b t h ld h d nd ld th tr n t p th f r " t pl b rn d r fr th d np r r n n l rt b th th th f r t p t nt ll d n r l l n pr t t d Tr v ll n r th r n l nt r n D nt nf rn Th fr th r n n rv l l n d v r h r h h d b n l t t h ll n rth th t n b n d— l r ld f t nd n H h d p ll d l r l v fr th tr pl d f l d b r d t r h d h d d n nd l ft t r t nd d h n br ll nd t h ld n t b v h N b d r ll n h n r n t n r l ft Th h rr f h d h lt r d h d t t th n nd t h h A th r v C rr d r t r f th f r h h pr d thr h B rn nd tr n 1997 nd 199 n th r n t pr t nd t n h t nt thr h h Env r n nt l Inv t t n A n . d bt ll d v r n f th r t r r n t n r n bl t nd b t h h d d r n d pth h h d t t th ph t r ph d r n h r nt nd h n th r h th r v r b n th h v n p fr th nt n ll th n l d f th f r t th n n f f r Th f r h v t rt d n n th l t f f 199 v t t th r nf r t f Ind n . th l r ft fl t n d n th r v r nd th nd f Th l t t t t d b f r th f r th t nl 15 t h n Th th nd r r n d d t r 5 r n Th f r d p t d b B r t ld th r n n d pr t l t h h r d th r n t n n l nt n f r th l t 5 r h b l v th r t b r TH NV R N NT L NV T T N N N R P RT THE POLITICS OF EXTINCTION, H H R PH LL D NT TH —n t t f bl nd pt b t b h sees so n rph n d r n t n t ll n n t d th t h f nd t h rd BR T L D TR T N F ND N R NF R T N V L BL o R T P PL NT T 9- 5 LD t b l v th t th r ld b f t n th f r t nl f r th p p l t n l t r h TR T L ND N ECV 9HX, ENGLAND. [email protected] v r th l t r b t p r nt f r n t n h b t t h b n d tr d Th f h t h d ( 9
AGE 0 • A WI 8 AWI QUA E Y
From o 4 From the Redwood Forest. o es ac s dd F r t Ancient Trees and the Bottom Line: Mo e a a e wo s a Ann l l v A Headwaters Journey we i g a ima s make a o es nd th A tt n : J n D nn n Ph t r ph b D Thr n ei ome A ea wa e s o ey 272 p h t R v r J n t n VT h l r n ess a %o Ame ica so igi a I P bl h n 199 $ 95 A o es co e emai s : iA I I G The tragedy of the unforgivable destruction of the glorious OCG O ancient forests by the corporate raider Charles Hurwitz, head 40 mi io ac es f o of Maxxam, is painstakingly revealed in a series of autobiographical sketches by the Ame ica o es s a e ee ogge si ce e ea y 0s author, Joan Dunning, a naturalist, author and illustrator. She was writing a book about the birds of Baja when she was drawn into the battle being fought over the e US co sumes 00. i io redwoods by a friend's invitation to attend a meeting. "We want to show Clinton oa ee f d eac yea that it's not just Earth First!ers with dreadlocks who care about Headwaters," she said. Doug Thron has, for six years, been photographing the desecration of the famous o es s u i y a egu a e e Headwaters Grove of ancient redwood trees and the associated groves possessed by wa e su y Hurwitz after his hostile takeover of a very old and high-minded company called Pacific Lumber, whose strict policy against clear-cutting had preserved the whole of A si g e ee wi a so ca o their holdings and would have done so in perpetuity but for Hurwitz's Maxxam. aA io i e a e a e o 26 ou s Thron is wholly dedicated to saving the redwoods. His beautiful and tragic e yea pictures fill 57 pages of the book showing the remaining trees in their majesty in stark Logging and lancl conversion cre- contrast to the devastation of the clear cuts, to resulting mud slides that wrecked .1. at es loss o soi c soi u ie s, people's homes and the pollution of streams that once provided spawning waters for co i u es o a s i es, oo endangered salmon. i g a e si a io o i e s "Do you know who gets madder than anyone at my slide shows? The veterans. Wi i e as 00 yea s, o e Some old-timer will stand up and say, 'I fought for this country. What are they doing i oi e wo s o es s a e allowing this guy to break the law?" ee os o oggi g Against this background we follow the author's experiences as she explores by air in a small "Lighthawk" plane (Lighthawk pilots seek to inform the public about what o ica ai o es sco e o y6% is happening to US forests) the devastation that has befallen Headwaters. The trees a f e ea , u co ai mo e are still being clear cut, "salvage logged" and sprayed with herbicides. She follows a a I o e wo s a a a ima s ecies up, exploring on foot, at night, the habitat of the endangered marbled murrelet, known to country people as "fog larks." These small sea birds who lay their two eggs a I I o esia, a a ea o e at the very top of the towering redwoods are losing their homes in violation of the A o es e si e o ew Yo k s Endangered Species Act. Ce a a k is es oye e Joan Dunning writes, "During the early years of Reagan's presidency, the savings e y 20 minutes and loan industry was deregulated so that investors' money was no longer backed by actual recoverable asse s. Depositors' money was still insured by the Federal Deposit 74 [-ainforest a o a ima Insurance Corporation, however, making them vulnerable to what the Wall Street a s ecies ecome e i c eac ay A Journal described as a 'spider web of deep pocket investors' looking for free money. I o esia as e wo s o ges In 1982, junk-bond king and soon-to-be felon Michael Milken helped Hurwitz to is o e a ge e s ecies, includ- gain control of United Savings Association of Texas, which in turn purchased junk
ing o es we e s eSuma a bonds from Milken's brokerage firm, Drexel, Burnham and Lambert. When United ige , Asia e e a , c ou e Savings Association of Texas investments failed, it was the American people who eo a , a o a gu a repaid the 'loss' to its investors," 1.3 billion. S? far there are no results from the suit against Hurwitz filed by the Office of Thrift Supervision. O e 70% o o esia s o igi a a At the end of the book she reports on the film taken by the Humboldt County A o es s a e ee es oye S e i s Department of their attempt to discourage the protesters. The film shows a Maio CaU C (o es oss i I the police officers rubbing pepper spray into the eyes of seven individuals, including A C O eSiaa e: comme cia logging a sixteen year-old girl whom Dunning later interviewed. The painful punishment of operations a o es i es i e peaceful protesters was, in fact, a training film for future use by the Sheriffs officers. io a y se o c ea a o a m Earth First! is epitomized by Julia Butterfly Hill, whose courage and oi a a io nt n d n p
AWI QUA E Y A WI E 8 • AGE
t2.64 R vz t v f n r d r n th 199 l n xp t d t x d th Consilience. nt r p p l t n l v n 1 " The Unity ofKnowledge l n v pr j t n f n b r h h r d r ll d rd l n h t t d r f ll H l th p r r ph " v n f 332 pages. New York: th l b l b rth r t r r d d dr t ll nd d - Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1998. t l t th h n l f n h ld p r n th $26.00 p p l t n ld n t p f r n r t n r t n Th v r- h t n r d b th d pr p rt n t n b r f n Pr f r l n ll r ht p pl lr d n x t n h l t l n l v h d " nd h b p h n l th "P p l t n r th n j tl b ll d th n t r n Ed rd 0. Wilson d r f h l r h p t n h n n th l nd T th xt nt th t t n b t d p t d pth nd d v r t H d l htf l b Biophilia is thr h th b ttl n will b r L t pp th t t l l t b f l r t r d r f th AWI Quarterly, th l t f th ld r pr d t v t b f d nd f l xpl n n t d h t n t r l f r h n t b f nd pl nn n b n v r l pp f rth r th t v rn- f th r p nt r t p p l t n p l th th rn tn n Consilience h t l th h l r n f h n th d v t t n nd l t r p l nd th t n l d fr d n nd th n t r l n t rt r lt th l b l p p l t n p b l t n b ll n nd r l n nd ph l ph th tr n th nd n th t rt t d l n th NP (n t v p p l t n r th b l t h pt r t " l l n n tt n d th r r r nd f r h p f n t tt n d bd v n f r d t p t r n th b n Th nv bl h n t b t ff rt ll f l nd th b ttl n ll l H nd " b l v d f n rv t v n t t f r l d ll " t th nd f h th h h v t rr f n N r th pl f t f b n t ph l nt t t t —f r h h p ll t h t f r ll pr t l l n l d 5 ll n r nt th p t t th nd f th p rp ld b th nd f th rld th t r n z r " t th t t b rr nt nt f n n bl th l t f r r nt d th p t f n r r nt t r t d r n d th "T r z th f t r f r r nd l - t ph r lt r d h f rth l t nd xt n h d t " h r t "th ll t rd h h h n t th d n r Th b n th n xt t f v l t n th v d ntl r h n h rt n t f n r l nd n z r r f l Th xt n t n p r n r b t f d nd t r " nd h xpl n h n n n nfl t n n b d r t d f h th r th n rt n t r "By 1997 the l b l p p l t n h d n xt nt r ll th l n f th n z Era nd n r h d 5 b ll n r n t th r t f 9 ll n n h r t r z d n t b n l f f r b t b b l l p r r n 1 th r r nl b t h lf b ll n p v r h nt t ht ppr pr t l b ll d th Tr z p pl n rth nd n 19 b ll n Th nt r th f L n l n " — hr t n t v n
nt n d fr p 0 vv j lh r tz > fr ntl pd t th nd r-r p rt d d t r n t n t p rf l x pl t v r n h h t r tr l R d r f th b ll nt t p r b t th nv r n nt b d v r t nd ll th f ll n th f ht nd r n pr t t n f r th n nt ll n f p f r t r h h r th pl n t r d d nd th r nh b t nt th b rd l nd th h h l v d n ll pl tf r at th t p f ph b n h th r h n th b h nd v n n nt r d d 1 f t b v th r nd f r r h ll nd pr d n r t f th nt trees...I!: th n r th r rth F r t r h v pt h r — hr t n t v n ppl d th f d nd t r h t ld th th r b t th nd f "t n-d B T T bl d f ppl nd h t nt rth F r t r To any who would like to help assure the Animal Welfare n t t t f n ll t r d th tr nd nt ppl p h r r p f t r through a provision in your will, this general form of bequest ` t b t f l h d Th r br v h is suggested: t l d b t b n h r d b r h rn b r n d I give, devise and bequeath to the AnimalWelfare Institute, located in fl dl ht nd h tl t p h r fr l p n B t Washington, DC, the sum of $ B tt rfl h nd r d " and/or (specifically described property). Th b nd th th r l t n f th b ttl t Donations to AWI, a not-for-profit corporation exempt under Internal v h t l ft f th n f nt r d d t ll Revenue Code Section 501(c)(3), are tax deductible. We welcome any npr d t bl Th l t nd th f d r l l n inquiries you mayhave. In cases where you have specific wishes about the p nd n n t H r tz h v n t b n ttl d Th disposition ofyour bequest, we suggest you discuss such provisions with nf r t n v l bl n th nt rn t t http // your attorney.
AGE 2 • A WI E 8 AWI QUA E Y
S i g I es iga io Ca u es o o ious A ima Smugg e A five-year long sting investigation, dubbed "Opera- where he was supposed to meet with a federal agent posing as tion Chameleon," has resulted in the capture of one of the a crooked businessman. world's most notorious animal smugglers, Keng Liang Among the 39 species of endangered animals trafficked by "Anson" Wong. Wong is thought to be responsible for Wong's gang were Chinese crocodile lizards, Bengal monitor smuggling more than 300 animals lizards, plowshare and radiated tor- from Asia into the United States. toises native to Madagascar and A n th n l It took the cooperation of mul- z d n Op r t n Komodo dragons from Indonesia. tiple international law enforcement Ch l n th The animals were frequently trans- agencies and the creation of a phony b b K d dr n ported in carry-on luggage, Federal import/export company to finally fr Ind n nd Express packages, or hidden among th M d r shipments of legally imported ani- bring down the smuggling kingpin. d t d t rt . To break the infamous ring, United mals. Many of the animals died States Fish and Wildlife Services during their transport to the US; (USFWS) agents in San Francisco cre- survivors will be kept as evidence for ated PacRim Enterprises. Function- the case. Officials said that most ing as a front for Operation Chame- of the animals will not be able to leon, PacRim purportedly dealt in be returned to the wild and will imported animals, but in actuality probably wind up in zoos after the was staffed by undercover agents. legal proceedings end. According to the indictment Operation Chameleon was an against Wong, USFWS agents cul- international effort conducted tivated business contacts with Wong in order to track the with the cooperation of the US Customs Agency, the illegal movements of endangered animals into the US. USFWS, the Mexican attorney general's office, Interpol Consequently, the reverse flow of money was traced back and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. into Wong's pocket. "He's been one of the most flagrant Considered to be one of the most brazen animal smugglers out there," said Lois J. Schiffer, the assistant smugglers, Wong operated from his zoo-like Malaysian attorney general for environment and natural resources. home compound stocked with exotic cats, birds and rep- "We're sending a message today: We will do whatever it takes tiles. He has been on the run from US agents since fleeing to shut down the black market in endangered species." the country after being indicted for operating a similar Wong was apprehended during a trip to Mexico City smuggling ring in Florida.a
C I ESE SEI E SMUGG E I O Y A A UO IE O EC O MA Y Chinese authorities have recently stepped up their The Tibetan antelope's most fervent protector was efforts to stop the smuggling of endangered animal prod- gunned down on November 8th near his home in the ucts into China. Smuggling in China is a multi-billion western province of Qinghai, dollar business dominated by China's powerful military. China. Poachers are believed to In November their crackdown paid off. Customs be responsible for Zhaba officials seized 1.6 tons of illegal African ivory hidden among Duojie's murder. legally imported African wild ox horns. Doujie, an ethnic Tibetan, Although China is a signatory country to the Conven- managed the Gyaisang Soinamdaje tion on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild wildlife protection center; home to A b t n nt l p f r Fauna and Flora (CITES), it remains one of the leading some of the world's most endan- f r f d ft r n f ll. consumers of products made from endangered species. gered mammals, including the Tibetan antelope and snow AIWA ASSES A IMA O EC IO AW leopard. Located in one of China's most remote areas, the In October, the Legislative Yuan voted to help animals by center was named for Doujie's predecessor who, four years enacting Taiwan's first animal protective legislation. Major ago, was also murdered by poachers. points covered in the new law are the prohibition of using The Tibetan antelope is prized for the fur around its animals for gaming purposes, provisions for humane slaugh- throat, known as a shahtoosh. Although it has been illegal to ter, the establishment of an Ethics Committee to oversee the trade shahtoosh in much of the world since 1976, a shahtoosh use of laboratory animals, mandatory registration of pets, and shawl will fetch more than $15,000 in Europe. regulations governing pet shops and breeders. Violators of the Only 75,000 to 100,000 Tibetan antelope still exist, and law are subject to hefty fines. as many as 20,000 a year are killed by poachers.
AW QUA E Y I A I WI I 8 • AGE
"COSME IC" MU I A IO CAUSES SU E I G AC O Y A MS EEME O O GA IC In a strongly worded statement, The American Animal Controversy over the labelling of organic animal prod- Hospital Association (AAHA) announced its stance against the ucts was resolved by a January 14, 1999 decision of the US cosmetic ear cropping and tail docking of dogs, stating that these Department of Agriculture. By early spring, stores will have procedures "are not medically indicated nor of benefit to the USDA certified products. The organic label means that patient. These procedures cause pain and distress." Boxers, animals have not been confined to the dreadful factory farms Doberman Pinschers, and where they are virtually im- Schnauzers are among the mobilized in tiny cages and breeds of dogs that often have stalls during their entire their tails and part of their lives of painful imprison- ears cut off in order to comply ment. Instead, the ani- with their breed's "standard." mals must have access to
AAHA plans to submit its o. pasture, fresh air and sun- resolution to the American Vet- shine and not be given erinary Medical Association growth hormones or sub- asking them to adopt this po- therapeutic antibiotics. sition as their own. Many MA O US I countries, including Sweden, EA A S A E Norway, Germany, and En- gland now prohibit the crop- A three year investiga- On b r 2 , 8, n n ld h r r f nd d d r ping and docking of dogs' tion between the Virginia d n n v d r n n f th ll . h r h t n th Department of Game and ears and tails. t h nd h nd rt r , l d n t l nd xtr l Inland Fisheries and the U.S. WOO S EAM QUI S p nf l d th. d l t r, th d th nt h d r n t . A rd n t hn n, St r C nt r n n nt Fish and Wildlife Service has A USI ESS ff r, th ld h r r " r ." "If t v n nd resulted in the arrests of 25 Woodstream Corpora- br th n , th h t t." h p rp tr t r r rr t d ft r individuals from Virginia, Anth n M rl n , 20, n tr t n r r, v rh rd tion, the nation's largest West Virginia and New br n b t h t n th h r l n th h b dd fr maker of steel-jaw leghold th M r n C rp , S tt W ll r ndl , 2 , nd r n h Mexico for over 100 wildlife traps, announced that they r , 20. M rl n h d r p t t n n n l b r b f r violations regarding trade in will no longer produce the th tt n th ld h r . r r nf r t n n ld bear parts and products, in- cruel traps due to lack of h r , v t th b t < http: . v ldh r . > . cluding jewelry made from business. Harry E. Whaley, teeth and claws, paws for the company's president, acknowledged that more stringent expensive soups, and gallbladders for use in traditional trapping laws and the depressed economies of the American medicine. The Department expects this case "to yield one of fur buying regions of Russia and Asia have permanently the largest prosecutions in the nation's history for crimes disabled the steel-jaw leghold trap business. relating to bear poaching and illegal trade in bear parts." EE i s isse sio i US WS a ks Despite the successful sting reported on page 12, many Over half the respondents related first hand experiences Special Agents within the US Fish and Wild- of managers who interfered with an investi- life Service (USFWS) report that criminal gation in order to protect a prominent indi- investigations are often interfered with by vidual or powerful group. Eighty-one percent agency managers and that agency decision- said agency managers have often "injected making is influenced by politics. This is political considerations into what should be according to a national survey released by strictly law enforcement decisions" and that Public Employees for Environmental Re- hunt* groups exercise disproportionate in- sponsibility (PEER). fluence over agency decision making. Only USFWS Special Agents enforce the En- five percent of agents think that USFWS law dangered Species Act, the Lacey Act, the Mi- enforcement is improving while 74 percent gratory Bird Treaty Act and all other federal think it is getting worse. The state of affairs at hunting and wildlife interstate transportation h US h nd W ldl f S rv USFWS was summed up by one survey re- d n t r d nd r th spondent who commented, "This division has laws. Of the roughly 200 USFWS Special p f th Un t d St t Agents nationwide, more than 60 percent p rt nt f th Int r r. gone from agents who believe in protecting the responded to the PEER survey. resources to agents protecting themselves."* ci
AGE 4 • A WI E 8 AWI QUA E Y ow C ue y ege s C ue y by Patrick Nolan America was understandably shocked and saddened by hood," writes AP science writer Joseph Verrengia. this year's reports of sudden, tragic violence, especially in "Killing animals certainly is a good indicator that some- schools. Beneath the stories of the inexplicable killings is a one might escalate their violent behavior against other human lesser-known but still terrible story: the undeniable link beings," said Harold Bursztajn, director of the psychiatry and between cruelty to animals and cruelty to humans. Again and law program Harvard Medical School. "It is a very steep, again, when the public tries to understand the psychology slippery slope." Forensic psychiatrist William H. Reid agrees: behind an act of horrific violence, a record of animal abuse "It's a very ominous sign." shows up in a suspect's past, leading psychologists and others A study by the Massachusetts SPCA revealed that 70 to recognize a direct correlation. percent of animal abusers had committed at least one criminal For too long, when a child tortures an animal, it's glossed offense and that 38 percent had committed violent acts over as unpleasant but typical sport, "boys will be boys," against people. people say, and sweep it under the carpet. When, over and Fortunately, some things are being done to take these over again, those individuals continue on the violent path to warning signs more seriously. The Humane Society of the assault, rape and murder, however, newspaper interviews of United States has an established campaign to educate coun- those who knew the suspect all too often recall his record of selors, parents and the general public about the link between torturing animals. More needs to be done to stop violence human and animal cruelty and abuse, and last year the society before it happens, and recognize early-warning signs. At last, sponsored a conference, "Making the Connection." this is getting some of the recognition it deserves. Studies have shown that in many instances of child abuse, Take the case of 15-year-old Kip Kinkel, who according to animals are being abused as well—frequently by the children; authorities, burst into his high school cafeteria and began social worker Mary Ingram explains this by saying that the gunning down his schoolmates, killing one and injuring 23 abuse moves down the family "totem pole": from parents to others. The bodies of his parents were found 90 minutes later. children to pets and other animals. According to the New York Times, fellow students recalled Trish Keefer, a humane officer with the Sacramento that Kinkel "boasted to friends that he had killed his cat and SPCA, said that "Harming an animal is a direct link to blown up a cow." "He was always talking about what he did problems in other areas—with spouses, children, elders." She to animals," said one classmate. "He would like to torture noted that many humane officers' investigations lead to animals and stuff." Another said, "He talked about killing "cross-referrals" to social workers or police, to determine things way too much. And he'd always go into way too much whether the animal cruelty is in fact connected to human detail, like how he'd cut animals open with hunting knives." neglect or abuse as well. Still, the Springfield, Oregon schools superintendent, Further, law enforcement and the courts are beginning to Jamon Kent, said of Kinkel that "his teachers still viewed him recognize the seriousness of animal abuse both in and of itself, as a good student. He was a typical 15-year-old." This and as a warning sign for escalating violence. "typical 15-year-old" put lit firecrackers into the mouths of In Brownsville, Texas, in August, Judge Migdalia Lopez squirrels and chipmunks. gave stiff sentences, as well as strong words, to three young Nor is Kinkel's case unusual. In Jonesboro, Arkansas, a men who were charged with stoning a dog to death. The month before, two boys—aged 11 and 13—allegedly opened accused had reportedly lured a stray dog to a canal bank, fire on their schoolmates and teachers, killing five and wound- surrounded the dog and threw rocks as a crowd cheered them ing 10. Predictably, newspaper accounts of the boys' troubled on. District Attorney Geoff Henley said, "This is not child's pasts included a history of killing animals. play and these are not children." According to prosecutors, 17-year-old Luke Woodham had Lopez had been extremely moved by a nationwide wave ritually slaughtered his dog just weeks before he killed 3 students of outrage at the crime. Speaking of animal advocates in the and wounded 7 others in Pearl, Mississippi last year. "On audience and around the country, she told the defendants Saturday of last week, I made my first kill. The victim was a loved that "they believe you pose a threat to your fellow human one, my dear dog Sparkle," wrote Woodham in a grisly "mani- beings. All life is sacred, human or not. They remind this festo" describing his preparations for the further killings. court of the link betwe4n human cruelty and animal cruelty. Nor is the connection only relevant to youthful criminals. This is one of the best predictors of future human violence. In July, Russell Weston, Jr. was charged with gunning down The people have loudly expressed their outrage through two policemen inside the United States Capitol. The previous letters, faxes, cards and petitions. They don't want you to get day, according to Weston's father, he had killed a dozen family off with a slap on the wrist. They believe this court must send cats, including his Grandmother's Littlebit, with a shotgun. a strong message that this behavior should not be tolerated." "Jeffrey Dahmer, who admitted killing and dismember- To animal advocates, Lopez said, "The court wants you to ing 17 young men and was convicted in 1992, reportedly understand that I have heard your voice."a impaled frogs and staked cats to trees during his child- tr l n AWI Ed t r l C n lt nt qc AWI QUA E Y A WI E 8 • AGE ge4 444.4. 44..a l v l nd r H nr p r Cleveland Amory was al- Henry Spira was given the Albert Schweitzer Medal by ready established as a witty and the Animal Welfare Institute in the spring of 1996, and a perceptive critic of society, with description of the ceremony and Henry's remarks were a whole list of best-selling books fully covered in the Spring/Summer 1996 AWI Quarterly. to his credit, when he turned his Though already gravely ill, Henry came down from literary gifts to the long struggle New York and captivated the audience with his deep- for protection of animals that seated commitment to animal welfare. Combined with his filled his life for more than thirty customary ebullience, his astringent wit and his endearing years. When he wrote in The modesty, it was a socko performance. Saturday Review ofLiterature about Henry had a career that almost defied belief. From a bullfight he had attended, I longshoreman to teacher to animal rights activist in one wrote him to congratulate him. Those were the days when lifetime is a path not often trod. Ernest Hemingway dominated the intellectual scene with In his zeal to protect animals, he worked with an his passion for bullfighting and the most gory details of big imaginative fervor tempered with common sense that game hunting in Africa. But here came Cleveland to resulted in improved conditions for many laboratory and deflate the sickly adulation of the tough-guy fashion. farm animals. The great numbers of animals spared Cleveland's was a voice in the wilderness of animal suffer- suffering because of his formidable and successful cam- ing in the 1950s. paigns will be Henry's true legacy and memorial. Our correspondence led to meetings, to a large extent —John Gleiber devoted to how we could help animals in laboratories. Before long, Cleveland joined the Board of The Humane Society of r nthr p the United States. In 1967, he decided to found his own organization, The Fund for Animals which, he tells us in The The death of Amory Winthrop, at far too young an age, Cat Who Came for Christmas (the best-selling cat book of all is a sad loss for the animal welfare community. Born into time), was named to encourage gifts of funds needed for its a Virginia family with a tradition of sport hunting and campaigns. He writes, wryly, that he had thought of its name shooting (the daughter of a legendary, octogenarian Mas- as a moment of inspiration, but he found it to be just the ter of Fox Hounds), Amory turned away from this world to opposite: "Everybody thought we already had the money." interest herself in protecting animals. She founded the It may be that Cleveland almost single-handedly made Winley Foundation to help provide financing for animal the cat the most popular of companion animals in the United protection causes and remained active and interested in States. After The Cat Who Came for Christmas, every three these issues throughout her life. years he wrote another best-selling volume: The Cat and My fondest memories of Amory center on the times I The Curmudgeon and The Best Cat Ever. All three books didn't see her. On several occasions, she cancelled trips to were compiled in 1995 as Cleveland Amory's Compleat Cat, Washington where we were to meet at holiday events an 814-page book. simply because she wanted to remain home to be certain Cleveland Amory was unique to the animal protection her animals were properly cared for, because she wasn't movement. His death leaves a gaping hole, impossible to fill, absolutely certain her then staff could be relied upon. Her in the ranks of the movement. He founded Black Beauty Ranch love for animals and her sense of responsibility will always in Murchison, Texas where he has been buried next to his beloved be a beacon for those of us who work to better the world cat, Polar Bear, whom he rescued on Christmas eve. for animals everywhere. —Christine Stevens —John Gleiber T Ise Togo, who followed her late husband, Fumihiko remarkable house. Almost as soon as construction was Togo, on AWI's International Committee died at their completed, she initiated the first of many benefits to raise home in Japan recently. The Togos were a stand-out funds for animal welfaie organizations. Diplomats, social couple in Washington diplomatic circles when he served as leaders, Members of Congress and humanitarians mingled Japan's ambassador to the United States, with his wife as his with animal protection activists in the almost stage-set rooms to official hostess. dine and dance, with the proceeds going directly to help animals.
During his term of office, Japan built probably the most The Ambassador and Mrs. Togo forged a strong link spectacular recent ambassadorial residence, set in the midst of between officialdom and the ordinary citizens who are a vast garden, but, still well within the confines of the city. seeking a better world for animals. No diplomatic couple They were both committed to the cause of animal has yet appeared to fill their shoes. welfare, and Mrs. Togo realized the publicity value of her —John Gleiber q
P 6 • F LL - NT R 8 AWE RT R b r B nn tt A G i y usi ess r zzl b r n Br t h l b r b n p h d b d p b n n n f l f ld h f t l p p l - t rd xt n t n b f tr ph h nt n nd v t n t r l l ft t l l v rn nt b l t t h b t t l d t l n th f r t " nl t p r h t v n th n tr h d tt d r b t- b t t n n t n rv r zzl b r p p l t n n Br t h h t t ll h pp n n t r zzl b r p p l t n nd l b (B th n l ld t dj t th t t rd n l d pp r fr r l nd p f r- D p t th pr d n 1979 v r " Th r th rd f th nd 199 th 199 h nt n f th Br t h l b v rn nt n th l r t n t nt r th 3 3 r zzl ntr d t n t t " r zzl B r n- l ll ll d L n -t r t d f r d - rv t n tr t " t p bl h d ll r d b r t th t nr p rt d n J n 1995 nd t over three years ll l r p rt d ll l n later, th t p rt nt r n n r d nd r l p n p nt n d th n th tr t r t ll t b r h b t t th npl nn d v r l n fr b n pl - ll r l l t n r nd t th nt d nd r zzl b r f r t - B v rn nt nt n t d n th- ll n rt n f t r n d p t t n l d nt f th f r b th 197 n r- thr t f d b r zzl v t n b l t r rn n th t nv r n nt nd n rv t n th B r zzl b r p p l t n r p r rt n th t n th n h rt f b n v r-h nt d n 1979 th B pl t r t r n th h nt n v rn nt pr d t r d th f r zzl ll b n h nl r - h nt n t t r zzl r A C n d n r zzl b r nj br z t r ll pr v d t f r pr - b t th pr n v r d l v r d r n h n b d n p n h f . h n v rv f b r p p l t n nd Th n n 199 t h n f r h b t t pr t t n r t b r p rt n b th B v rn nt n ldl f Br n h pl nt d Th B v rn nt t pt t r - th th r b th tt n th t t f nd n r d p n b l t f r th n rv t n f th n f nt ldl f n n d F d r l v rn nt n B th n l nd t d t l f nd th t th nn l ll bl h nt h d b n x d d n l r p rt f th pr v n d r n th ACTION: PLEASE WRITE TO BRITISH COLUMBIA'S PREMIER URGING HIM TO INTRODUCE A MORATORIUM ON GRIZZLY BEAR HUNTING IN THE PROVINCE. Th B v rn nt pr d t r d r zzl b r PREMIER GLEN CLARK, OFFICE OF THE PREMIER rt l t fr ll r t f r p r nt f th pr v n l WEST ANNEX, PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS p p l t n H v r t d th th B v rn nt d d n t VICTORIA BC V8V 1X4, CANADA r d th t l n b r f ll b t br ht n n th d l f r t t n r zzl b r p p l t n t l d t Cr nn tt th r d EIA r p rt, r r pp . n r d bl n f th ff l p p l t n t t f r th pr v n v rn ht fr - t 1 -13 b r Th n th d l h h t ll n t d IF YOU WOULD LIKE A COPY OF THE EIA REPORT, TRIGGER HAPPY, b d n n nt f h n b r n r ld DOCUMENTING THE STATUS OF THE GRIZZLY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA, PLEASE CONTACT: EIA, 69-85 OLD STREET, LONDON, EC 1 V 9HX, p t nt ll pp rt n t h n b r t ll l v n n ENGLAND. [email protected] r Th t t th t r pr d d fr th x r r n t Non-Profit Org. Animal Welfare Institute US POSTAGE Post Office Box 3650 PAID Washington, DC 20007 Washington, DC ddr rr t n R t d Permit No. 2300