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Dry Tortugas National Park Vegetation Map, 2009

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Dry Tortugas National Park Vegetation Map, 2009 National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Dry Tortugas National Park Vegetation Map, 2009 Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SFCN/NRTR—2011/469 ON THE COVER A view of Loggerhead Lighthouse with Iva imbricata, Argusia gnaphalodes, and Uniola paniculata on the foreground. Photograph by: Jose M. Luciani Dry Tortugas National Park Vegetation Map, 2009 Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SFCN/NRTR—2011/469 Jose M. Luciani1, 2 Resource Management Intern Kevin R. T. Whelan, Ph.D.2 Community Ecologist Robert B. Shamblin2 Botanist Rachel M. Vargas2 Data Management/Outreach Specialist Judd M. Patterson2 GIS Specialist 1Florida International University Southeast Environmental Research Center University Park Campus Miami, FL 33199 2National Park Service South Florida / Caribbean Network 18001 Old Cutler Rd., Suite 419 Village of Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 July 2011 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received formal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data, and whose background and expertise put them on par technically and scientifically with the authors of the information. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available from the South Florida / Caribbean Network website (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/sfcn/) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). Please cite this publication as: Luciani, J. M., K. R. T. Whelan, R. B. Shamblin, R. M. Vargas, J. M. Patterson. 2011. Dry Tortugas National Park vegetation map, 2009. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/SFCN/NRTR—2011/469. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 364/108143, July 2011 ii Contents Page Figures............................................................................................................................................. v Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vii Appendices ..................................................................................................................................... ix Project Summary ............................................................................................................................ xi Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................ xiii Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction to Dry Tortugas National Park ............................................................................ 1 History of the Dry Tortugas ..................................................................................................... 2 System Drivers and Stressors .................................................................................................. 3 Vegetation Communities ......................................................................................................... 4 Methods........................................................................................................................................... 7 Project Overview ..................................................................................................................... 7 Creation of Field Data Sheets and Preparation of Trimble GeoXT ......................................... 7 Collection of Field Data ........................................................................................................... 7 Database Design and Creation ................................................................................................. 8 Refinement and Finalization of Polygons ................................................................................ 9 Vegetation Classification ....................................................................................................... 10 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 13 Loggerhead Key ..................................................................................................................... 13 Bush Key ............................................................................................................................... 14 Long Key ............................................................................................................................... 15 Garden Key ............................................................................................................................ 16 Hospital Key .......................................................................................................................... 17 iii Middle Key ............................................................................................................................ 17 East Key ................................................................................................................................. 17 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 25 Loggerhead Key ..................................................................................................................... 25 Bush Key ............................................................................................................................... 29 Long Key ............................................................................................................................... 32 Garden Key ............................................................................................................................ 33 East Key ................................................................................................................................. 34 Middle Key and Hospital Key ............................................................................................... 35 2009 Vegetation Map Compared to Vegetation Transects on Loggerhead Key ................... 35 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 39 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................................. 55 iv Figures Page Figure 1. Dry Tortugas area map (2003 NOAA Aerial Imagery)................................................... 1 Figure 2. 2009 vegetation map of Loggerhead Key. .................................................................... 18 Figure 3. 2009 vegetation map of Bush Key and Long Key. ....................................................... 19 Figure 4. 2009 vegetation map of Garden Key. ............................................................................ 20 Figure 5. 2009 vegetation map of Hospital Key. .......................................................................... 21 Figure 6. 2009 vegetation map of Middle Key. ............................................................................ 22 Figure 7. 2009 vegetation map of East Key. ................................................................................. 23 Figure 8. The paths of hurricanes and tropical storms that are within 150 miles from Dry Tortugas National Park. ................................................................................................................ 26 Figure 9. Photos looking northeast from the top of the lighthouse. .............................................. 27 Figure 10. Vegetation succession since after the 2005 hurricane season. .................................... 28 Figure 11. Rhizophora seedlings on the beach of Bush Key as described by Bowman. .............. 30 Figure 12. Historic and current images of Bush Key. ................................................................... 30 Figure 13. Hurricane and erosion damage on Bush Key. ............................................................
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