Name: Daniel Herlihy Email:
[email protected] Number: s2574098 Word Count: 13,691 Introduction The politics of language can be a thorny topic. The dominant language of a state may seem like “a voice from nowhere” (Woolard 2005, 5), but its dominance tends to stem from a long and contested history. The major languages in Europe today developed from small regional bases, usually centred around modern-day capitals, gradually spreading until they became the standard across large swathes of territory. This thesis will look at some of the languages, once dominant in their territory, that were affected by this spread. Minority and regional languages are spoken by millions of people in Europe, but their status is patchy, depending on the country they find themselves in. Some minority and regional languages possess a relatively high status, while others are neglected by the state and have fought for survival and recognition. The status of languages in this thesis will therefore be determined through the prism of economic and political power. It is important to define what these terms mean. When a language community plays a role in driving industry and commerce and a language’s speakers are relatively well-off, we can say it has economic power. Economic power ensures a language’s survival and can then guide a language community towards political power, which is when the community finds itself possessing autonomy or its members holding high office. The acquisition of some economic power is usually necessary for political power, but it does not guarantee it. A language may grow alongside a community into one of economic and political power, or it may later be adopted by a group who believe the language to be an authentic but previously missing part of their identity.