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TAXON:Peristrophe Speciosa SCORE:7.0 RATING:High Risk TAXON: Peristrophe speciosa SCORE: 7.0 RATING: High Risk Taxon: Peristrophe speciosa Family: Acanthaceae Common Name(s): purple rice plant Synonym(s): Justicia riviniifolia Vis. Strepsiphus speciosus Raf. Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 31 Oct 2019 WRA Score: 7.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Naturalized, Tropical Undershrub, Unarmed, Food Dye, Dehiscent Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 ? outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Creation Date: 31 Oct 2019 (Peristrophe speciosa) Page 1 of 12 TAXON: Peristrophe speciosa SCORE: 7.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 1 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal 705 Propagules water dispersed 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 31 Oct 2019 (Peristrophe speciosa) Page 2 of 12 TAXON: Peristrophe speciosa SCORE: 7.0 RATING: High Risk Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2015. Personal Communication No evidence 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2015. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2015. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2015. "Native: Conservation Plant Characteristics - Limnobium spongia. ASIA-TROPICAL http://plants.usda.gov/java/charProfile?symbol=LISP2. Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; India - Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh; Nepal" [Accessed 30 Oct 2015] 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2015. Conservation Plant Characteristics - Limnobium spongia. http://plants.usda.gov/java/charProfile?symbol=LISP2. [Accessed ] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes RogersTreesandShrubs. 2015. Peristrophe speciosa. [Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental http://www.rogerstreesandshrubs.com. [Accessed 30 Oct versatility] "native of N India, in the foothills of the Himalayas up to 2015] 1600 m" Creation Date: 31 Oct 2019 (Peristrophe speciosa) Page 3 of 12 TAXON: Peristrophe speciosa SCORE: 7.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2015. "Native: Conservation Plant Characteristics - Limnobium spongia. ASIA-TROPICAL http://plants.usda.gov/java/charProfile?symbol=LISP2. Indian Subcontinent: Bhutan; India - Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh; Nepal" [Accessed 30 Oct 2015] Does the species have a history of repeated 205 ? introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes Grueneberg, H. (1998). Control of Flowering by "Peristrophe speciosa (Acanthaceae) from Bengalia and India was Temperature and Light Regimes for Fabiana Imbricata Ruiz introduced to Middle Europe in 1841 but after about 80 years this et Pav. and Peristrophe speciosa (Roxb. Ex. Wall) Nees. species lost favour and was forgotten." Acta Hortic. 454: 319-324 WRA Specialist. 2015. Personal Communication Little information available on cultivation outside native range 301 Naturalized beyond native range y Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd "Peristrophe speciosa (Roxb.) Nees Acanthaceae Cultivated 354-N" Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western [Reported to be naturalized in Australia. Hosking, J. (2000-). N.S.W., Australia Department of Agriculture, (pers. comm.)] 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed Source(s) Notes [Impacts & costs unspecified] "Appendix 1. Weeds reported to occur Dangol, D. R. 2013. Weeds of wheat in Nepal: A literature in wheat in Nepal" [Peristrophe speciosa included in list. Found at a review. Journal of Natural History Museum 27: 132-178 range of 1500-2100 m elevation] 304 Environmental weed n Source(s) Notes Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 305 Congeneric weed y Creation Date: 31 Oct 2019 (Peristrophe speciosa) Page 4 of 12 TAXON: Peristrophe speciosa SCORE: 7.0 RATING: High Risk Qsn # Question Answer Source(s) Notes International Rice Research Institute. 1984. An Overview of Upland Rice Research: Proceedings of the 1982 Bouaké, "Appendix. Principal weeds in Ivory Coast." [Includes Peristrophe Ivory Coast, Upland Rice Workshop. Int. Rice Res. Inst., bicalyculata] Manila, Philippines Efloraofindia. 2015. Peristrophe paniculata. https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/. [Accessed 30 "Common in Delhi as weed in Rainy season." Oct 2015] "Peristrophe paniculata (Forssk.) R.K.Brumitt Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Acanthaceae Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Cultivated Australia Refs: 6 1280-I, 1279-I, 1148-N, 1047-I, 85-N, 66-W" Reddy, C.S., Bagyanarayana, G., Reddy, K.N. & Raju, V.S. "Peristrophe paniculata" ... "Remarks: Aggressive colonizer. 2008. Invasive Alien Flora of India. US Geological Survey, Occasional weed of cultivated fields and degraded forests" Reston, VA Udayakumar, M., Bharathidasan, E., & Saker, T. (2014). "Table 1. Botanical name, family and nativity of invasive alien species Invasive alien flora of Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, recorded in Thiruvaluur district, Tamil" [Includes Peristrophe India. Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences, 2(4): 295- paniculata. Impacts unspecified] 306 Sekar, K. C. (2012). Invasive alien plants of Indian "Table 1. Invasive species of Indian Himalayan Region" [Includes Himalayan regionͶdiversity and implication. American Peristrophe paniculata] Journal of Plant Sciences, 3: 177-184 Reddy, C. S. (2008). Catalogue of invasive alien flora of "Table 1. List of invasive alien plant species in India" [Peristrophe India. Life Science Journal, 5(2): 84-89 paniculata included in this table] 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs n Source(s) Notes Bhutan Biodiversity Portal. 2015. Peristrophe speciosa "Perennial undershrub with long, leggy, ascending, glabrescent (Roxb.) Nees. Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, stems 1-2m. Leaves ovate-elliptic, dark green above, 2-11 x 1-1.5cm, Serbithang, Thimphu, Bhutan. acute, cuneate at base, thinly pubescent or glabrescent on both http://biodiversity.bt/species/show/6663. [Accessed 30 surfaces; petiole 1-2.5cm." Oct 2015] 402 Allelopathic Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2015. Personal Communication Unknown Creation Date: 31 Oct 2019 (Peristrophe speciosa) Page 5 of 12 TAXON: Peristrophe speciosa SCORE:
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