MEMORY of the PERIPHERIES: NARRATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS of HISTORY in CONTEMPORARY SPANISH, BASQUE, CATALAN, and GALICIAN NOVELS By

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

MEMORY of the PERIPHERIES: NARRATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS of HISTORY in CONTEMPORARY SPANISH, BASQUE, CATALAN, and GALICIAN NOVELS By MEMORY OF THE PERIPHERIES: NARRATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS OF HISTORY IN CONTEMPORARY SPANISH, BASQUE, CATALAN, AND GALICIAN NOVELS by David Colbert Goicoa B.A., Columbia University, 1999 M.A., Brown University, 2009 Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Hispanic Studies of Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2013 © Copyright 2012 by David Colbert Goicoa iii This dissertation by David Colbert Goicoa is accepted in its present form by the Department of Hispanic Studies as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Enric Bou, Director Date Recommended to the Graduate Council Julio Ortega, Reader Date Jon Kortazar, Reader Date Approved by the Graduate Council Peter M. Weber Date Dean of the Graduate School iv Curriculum Vitae David Colbert Goicoa was born in Boston, Massachusetts in October 1976. He received his B.A. in Spanish Language and Literature from Columbia University in 1999 and his M.A. in Hispanic Studies from Brown University in 2009. Before pursuing graduate studies, he worked as a journalist and language teacher. He is the author of the forthcoming “From Paradise to Parody: The Transformation of the Rural Arcadia in Basque Film” (Bulletin of Hispanic Studies). v Acknowledgements I thank the Program for Cultural Cooperation between Spain’s Ministry of Culture and United States Universities for an invaluable 2010 dissertation research grant. Special thanks to Abby, for bearing all my absences and for being more in favor of the author of this dissertation than could be hoped for. Special thanks also to my father for so many Mondays with Miren. To Miren, for providing motivation and relief from thinking about nations and memory. Thanks for final readings and corrections to Abby, María, my father, and my mother (who has read so much of what I have written). Thanks also to the authors who met with me for this project, for their books and conversations: Jaumé Cabré, Alfredo Conde, Anjel Lertxundi, Suso de Toro, Ramon Saizarbitoria, Kirmen Uribe. Special thanks to Bernardo Atxaga for his warmth and for writing novels that have made me want to dedicate a career to literature and language. I must thank also my dissertation director, Enric Bou, for his support and assistance in all aspects of my career, and the other members of my dissertation committee, Julio Ortega of Brown and Jon Kortazar of the University of the Basque Country. To the other members of the faculty of the Brown Hispanic Studies Department who have offered kind guidance, especially Mercedes Vaquero, Stephanie Merrim, Nidia Schumacher, and Beth Bauer. To those who made Rochambeau welcoming when I first arrived, Marie Roderick and John O’Malley. And to Heather Johnson for answering so many questions. And to my friends who made graduate school enjoyable, especially those of the greatest cohort ever: María Pizarro, Arturo, Joserra, and the one who would have also liked to be a part of it, Felipe. vi Table of Contents Introduction i. On Peripheral Memory ii. Definitions and Key Terms: On Memory iii. Definitions: On the Peripheral Literatures Chapter 1 Toward Irresolution: The Fight over Historical Memory and the Spanish Novel 1.1. Introduction: Symbolic Skirmishes 1.2. Memory in the Fictional Mode 1.3. The Critical Call for Memory 1.4. Uncertainty in the Text 1.5. Memory as Medicine Chapter 2 Mala gente que camina, Soldados de Salamina, and La sima: Literary Intersections with the Memory Debate 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Prado’s Combat with Franco 2.3. Cercas’s Irresolution 2.4. La sima: Cenotaph as Monument to Uncertainty Chapter 3 Alternate Memories 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Civil War and Aftermath in the Basque Country 3.3. Basque Memory Tropes: Civil vs. Foreign War 3.4. Basque (Pre)historic Memory Chapter 4: Basque Narrative: Foundationalism and Literary Autonomy vii 4.1. Introduction 4.2. De-collectivity and Anti-foundation 4.3. Kirmen Uribe’s Dislocated Memory 4.4. Memory and Violence 4.5. Conclusion Chapter 5: Double Figures in the Peripheral Novel of Memory 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Atxaga’s Bilingual Perspective 5.3. Jaume Cabré’s Maquis Falangist Hero 5.4. Suso de Toro’s Un-nameable Horrors 5.5. Conclusion Conclusion/Afterword 1 INTRODUCTION i. On Peripheral Memory The impetus for this study comes in great part from my conclusion that discussions in the press and academic criticism on the recuperation of historical memory in Spain have failed to take into account a considerable part of the country’s population. Many have argued that decades into a democracy, the time has arrived to talk about and to study Civil War massacres and subsequent decades of human rights abuses, maintaining that the ethical duty to listen to silenced voices requires greater attention to the past. And yet, despite these arguments’ focus on those previously excluded from critical discourse, they have acknowledged hardly, if at all, the voices of the periphery. These discussions usually cast Spain as a single nation, even if split along a left- right ideological fault line both during the Civil War and in the present. Spain, the argument goes, must cure the wounds of the past by airing them and allowing them to heal. Spanish society, by overcoming the resistance of Francoist recalcitrance, could act in unison, as a “nosotros.” For example, José Colmeiro writes, “En aquellos tiempos del tardofranquismo, sin saberlo estábamos recuperando o reconstruyendo lo que nos pertenecía aún sin tenerlo” (Memoria histórica 8).1 It has often been theorized that memory of a perceived common past, among other factors, constitutes group identity. Observations of how collective memory acts or ought to act furthermore either define or 1 This is not to negatively single out José Colmeiro, who has shown insightful interest in peripheral studies. For example, in his article “Peripheral Visions, Global Positions: Remapping Galician Culture,” he seeks to rethink Galician studies in the context of postnational and interdisciplinary cultural studies. 2 presuppose what the remembering collectivity is. In the Spanish context, the collectivity is most frequently ciphered as a single entity. However, these images of coherence are contradicted, or at least nuanced, by dissenting voices. Where do those who do not feel themselves to be part of the Spanish nation fit into the imagined monolith? Or those who conceive of themselves as part of a Spanish nation of nations, individuals with allegiance to one or more other cultures? Since political theorists and historians see self-conception as one of the primary defining factors of nation status, one need not be a peripheral nationalist to acknowledge the existence of other nations within the borders of Spain. Yet, too often the question of the existence of other cultural memories in Spain is shunted aside. The backrounding of peripheral memory corresponds to the relatively lesser attention paid in academic circles to those cultures that produce it. It must be noted that some scholars in Spain and abroad are in fact developing inclusive, comparative approaches to the literatures of the Iberian Peninsula. Such efforts are bringing to the fore peripheral literatures and rejecting the strictures that adherence to national or linguistic categories imposes. The volume A Comparative History of Literatures in the Iberian Peninsula (Cabo Aseguinolaza, Abuín González, and Domínguez), to cite one example, incorporates several studies on literatures past and contemporary in non-Castilian tongues. Perhaps most importantly, a significant number of its authors consider literary production in multi-lingual contexts, from medieval Iberia to modern Bilbao. Still, the extent that the other cultures of Spain have successfully entered into the mainstream cultural consciousness, beyond the political debate over the nation’s shape as an “estado de autonomías,” remains subject to debate. Some critics have argued that 3 writing and other language-dependent production in non-Castilian tongues often remains sealed within its cultural-linguistic community of origin. Basque critic Mari Jose Olaziregi argues for example that “only one Basque author ([Bernardo] Atxaga), a couple of Galician authors ([Manuel] Rivas, Suso de Toro) and a few Catalan writers ([Jesús] Moncada, [Quim] Monzó, [Carme] Riera) can be mentioned in the context of guaranteeing a hypothetical Spanish literary plurality” (“Canonical and non-canonical narrative” 326). Olaziregi further argues that “the institutional elements linked to literature (University, literary prizes, political presence, relationship to the media)” fail to respond to Spain’s reality (326). More recently, however, a number of scholars have undertaken studies of what is typically called fiction of historical memory written by peripheral authors. Manuel Rivas, who writes in Galician, tops the list of authors garnishing critical attention. Often, however, writers such as Rivas or Atxaga are mentioned as side notes in studies by Hispanist critics on Castilian-language writers like Eduardo Mendoza or Almudena Grandes. The purpose of this dissertation is to continue to fill this gap. I work with the premise that other nations, and thus other memories, exist in Spain. The premise is hardly a radical one. The nature and definition of “nation” is a much debated question, in academic as well as political contexts. The scholar of nationalism Anthony Smith elucidates the term by drawing attention to the idea of a pre- existing sense of common identity. He proposes that the nation is “a named and self- defining human community whose members cultivate shared memories, symbols, myths, traditions and values, inhabit and are attached to historic territories or ‘homelands,’ create and disseminate a distinctive public culture, and observe shared customs and standardized 4 laws” (30). The definition fits the cases of the Basque Country, Catalonia, and Galicia, despite their internal dissention. A number of critics, such as Joan Ramon Resina and Ulrich Winter, have informed my research by theorizing the coexistence of national memories in Spain.
Recommended publications
  • Who's Who in Basque Music Today
    Who’s Who in Basque music today AKATZ.- Ska and reggae folk group Ganbara. recorded in 2000 at the circles. In 1998 the band DJ AXULAR.- Gipuzkoa- Epelde), accomplished big band from Bizkaia with Accompanies performers Azkoitia slaughterhouse, began spreading power pop born Axular Arizmendi accordionist associated a decade of Jamaican like Benito Lertxundi, includes six of their own fever throughout Euskadi adapts the txalaparta to invariably with local inspiration. Amaia Zubiría and Kepa songs performed live with its gifted musicians, techno music. In his second processions, and Angel Junkera, in live between 1998 and 2000. solid imaginative guitar and most recent CD he also Larrañaga, old-school ALBOKA.-Folk group that performances and on playing and elegant adds voices from the bertsolari and singer who has taken its music beyond record. In 2003 he recorded melodies. Mutriku children's choir so brilliantly combines our borders, participating a CD called "Melodías de into the mix, with traditional sensibilities and in festivals across Europe. piel." CAMPING GAZ & DIGI contributions by Mikel humor, are up to their ears Instruments include RANDOM.- Comprised of Laboa. in a beautiful, solid and alboka, accordion and the ANJE DUHALDE.- Singer- Javi Pez and Txarly Brown enriching project. Their txisu. songwriter who composes from Catalonia, the two DOCTOR DESEO.- Pop rock fresh style sets them apart. in Euskara. Former member joined forces in 1995, and band from Bilbao. They are believable, simple, ALEX UBAGO.-Donostia- of late 70s folk-rock group, have since played on and Ringleader Francis Díez authentic and, most born pop singer and Errobi, and of Akelarre.
    [Show full text]
  • Identité Et Culture Basques Au Début Du Xxième Siècle
    Identité et culture basques au début du XXIème siècle Page Préface 15 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Pourquoi analyser l’identité basque ? 21 1.2. Structure de l’étude 22 2. MÉTHODOLOGIE ET PRÉSENTATION DE L’INFORMATION 2.1. Collecte d’information 25 2.1.1. Groupes de discussion et entretiens individuels 25 2.1.2. Enquête 27 2.1.3. Analyse des contenus d’Internet 27 2.2. Informations sur les contenus 27 2.2.1. Analyse de l’information 27 2.2.1.1. Résultats généraux 27 2.2.1.1.1. Résultats de l’enquête 27 2.2.1.1.2. Résultats de l’analyse quali- tative 28 2.2.1.2. Catégorisation des habitants selon leur vision des identités collectives 28 2.2.1.3. Perceptions de l’identité et de la cultu- re basques sur Internet 29 2.2.2. Conclusions et réflexions 29 3. ANALYSE DE L’INFORMATION 3.1. Résultats généraux 30 3.1.1. Le territoire 30 3.1.1.1. Les résultats de l’enquête 30 3.1.1.1.1. Le concept territorial Pays Basque 30 3.1.1.1.2. Les relations entre les terri- toires 36 5 3.1.1.1.3. Le sentiment de proximité avec les autres territoires 38 3.1.1.1.4. Les mouvements entre les territoires du Pays Basque 40 3.1.1.1.5. La raison principale pour aller vers d'autres territoires du Pays Basque 41 3.1.1.1.6. Cadre de l'identification per- sonnelle 42 3.1.1.1.7.
    [Show full text]
  • Discurso De Investidura De Isabel Díaz Ayuso
    DISCURSO DE LA CANDIDATA A LA INVESTIDURA DE LA PRESIDENCIA DE LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID, DOÑA ISABEL DÍAZ AYUSO. *Solo serán válidas las palabras pronunciadas por el orador 13 de agosto de 2019. Señorías: Sean mis primeras palabras de felicitación a la Cámara por su elección como miembros de esta Asamblea. Es un honor para todos habernos presentado ante ciudadanos libres e iguales y haber obtenido su confianza en voto secreto. Somos representantes de un pueblo libre y eso nos enorgullece. En unos momentos en que la Política sufre considerables críticas, quiero reivindicar el papel de Sus Señorías ⎯ nuestro papel⎯ como intermediarios entre las necesidades de la sociedad y las soluciones que se requieren. Estamos obligados a dar ejemplo de eficiencia y de responsabilidad. Deseo que nuestro paso por esta undécima legislatura deje como poso un trabajo eficaz para Madrid. Quiero felicitar, especialmente, al presidente en funciones de la Comunidad, Pedro Rollán, y a los consejeros y miembros del gobierno autonómico por su trabajo en estos meses difíciles, en los que han sabido mantenerse al frente de sus responsabilidades con eficacia, combinada con una discreción admirable. Reciban, presidente y consejeros, mi reconocimiento personal y el de la Cámara. Señorías: comparezco ante este parlamento a propuesta del presidente para solicitarles el respaldo al programa de gobierno y pedir su voto para mi investidura como presidenta de la Comunidad de Madrid. Tenemos una elevada responsabilidad para con nuestra Comunidad y para con nuestro país: España. Desde 1983, los sucesivos gobiernos de la Comunidad, aunque de ideologías distintas, han sabido hacer de Madrid la casa de todos los españoles.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Joly: Un Grupo De Comunicación Andaluz Dentro De La
    Ámbitos ISSN: 1139-1979 [email protected] Universidad de Sevilla España Labio Bernal, Aurora Joly: un grupo de comunicación andaluz dentro de la estructura de la prensa escrita en España Ámbitos, núm. 5, julio-diciembre, 2000, pp. 225-240 Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla, España Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=16800512 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto ÁMBITOS. Nº 5. 2º Semestre de 2000 (pp. 225-240) Joly: un grupo de comunicación andaluz dentro de la estructura de la prensa escrita en España Dra. Aurora Labio Bernal Profesora de Estructura de la Información Facultad de Ciencias de la Información Universidad de Sevilla RESUMEN En la Estructura de la prensa escrita en España los pequeños grupos de comunicación que funcionan a nivel local o regional están logrando hacerse con un importante hueco frente a los grandes imperios mediáticos nacionales. Es el caso del ejemplo que este artículo analiza, el Grupo Joly, que con una origen local y centrado en un sólo medio, Diario de Cádiz, están extendiendo sus tentáculos a otras facetas de la comunicación y a otros lugares de la geografía- andaluza, como Sevilla o Córdoba. ABSTRACT In the Spanish Press Structure, small communication groups, that work at local or regional level, are getting enough importance in front of the big national media empires. This article analyses one of these cases, Joly Group, that started as a local newspaper called Diario de Cádiz in last century.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Eta
    Cátedra de Economía del Terrorismo UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales DISMANTLING TERRORIST ’S ECONOMICS : THE CASE OF ETA MIKEL BUESA* and THOMAS BAUMERT** *Professor at the Universidad Complutense of Madrid. **Professor at the Catholic University of Valencia Documento de Trabajo, nº 11 – Enero, 2012 ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the sources of terrorist financing for the case of the Basque terrorist organization ETA. It takes into account the network of entities that, under the leadership and oversight of ETA, have developed the political, economic, cultural, support and propaganda agenda of their terrorist project. The study focuses in particular on the periods 1993-2002 and 2003-2010, in order to observe the changes in the financing of terrorism after the outlawing of Batasuna , ETA's political wing. The results show the significant role of public subsidies in finance the terrorist network. It also proves that the outlawing of Batasuna caused a major change in that funding, especially due to the difficulty that since 2002, the ETA related organizations had to confront to obtain subsidies from the Basque Government and other public authorities. Keywords: Financing of terrorism. ETA. Basque Country. Spain. DESARMANDO LA ECONOMÍA DEL TERRORISMO: EL CASO DE ETA RESUMEN Este artículo tiene por objeto el análisis de las fuentes de financiación del terrorismo a partir del caso de la organización terrorista vasca ETA. Para ello se tiene en cuenta la red de entidades que, bajo el liderazgo y la supervisión de ETA, desarrollan las actividades políticas, económicas, culturales, de propaganda y asistenciales en las que se materializa el proyecto terrorista.
    [Show full text]
  • Disrupting the Party: a Case Study of Ahora Madrid and Its Participatory Innovations
    Disrupting the Party: A Case Study of Ahora Madrid and Its Participatory Innovations Quinton Mayne and Cecilia Nicolini September 2020 Disrupting the Party: A Case Study of Ahora Madrid and Its Participatory Innovations Quinton Mayne and Cecilia Nicolini September 2020 disrupting the party: A Case Study of Ahora Madrid and Its Participatory Innovations letter from the editor The Roy and Lila Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation advances excel- lence and innovation in governance and public policy through research, education, and public discussion. By training the very best leaders, developing powerful new ideas, and disseminating innovative solutions and institutional reforms, the Ash Center’s goal is to meet the profound challenges facing the world’s citizens. Our Occasional Papers Series highlights new research and commentary that we hope will engage our readers and prompt an energetic exchange of ideas in the public policy community. This paper is contributed by Quinton Mayne, Ford Foundation Associate Profes- sor of Public Policy at Harvard Kennedy School and an Ash Center faculty associate, and Cecilia Nicolini, a former Ash Center Research Fellow and a current advisor to the president of Argentina. The paper addresses issues that lie at the heart of the work of the Ash Center—urban governance, democratic deepening, participatory innova- tions, and civic technology. It does this through a study of the fascinating rise of Ahora Madrid, a progressive electoral alliance that—to the surprise of onlookers—managed to gain political control, just a few months after being formed, of the Spanish capital following the 2015 municipal elections. Headed by the unassuming figure of Manuela Carmena, a former judge, Ahora Madrid won voters over with a bold agenda that reimagined the relationship between citizens and city hall.
    [Show full text]
  • The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre Their History and Their Traditions
    Center for Basque Studies Basque Classics Series, No. 6 The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre Their History and Their Traditions by Philippe Veyrin Translated by Andrew Brown Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada This book was published with generous financial support obtained by the Association of Friends of the Center for Basque Studies from the Provincial Government of Bizkaia. Basque Classics Series, No. 6 Series Editors: William A. Douglass, Gregorio Monreal, and Pello Salaburu Center for Basque Studies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, Nevada 89557 http://basque.unr.edu Copyright © 2011 by the Center for Basque Studies All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Cover and series design © 2011 by Jose Luis Agote Cover illustration: Xiberoko maskaradak (Maskaradak of Zuberoa), drawing by Paul-Adolph Kaufman, 1906 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Veyrin, Philippe, 1900-1962. [Basques de Labourd, de Soule et de Basse Navarre. English] The Basques of Lapurdi, Zuberoa, and Lower Navarre : their history and their traditions / by Philippe Veyrin ; with an introduction by Sandra Ott ; translated by Andrew Brown. p. cm. Translation of: Les Basques, de Labourd, de Soule et de Basse Navarre Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: “Classic book on the Basques of Iparralde (French Basque Country) originally published in 1942, treating Basque history and culture in the region”--Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-877802-99-7 (hardcover) 1. Pays Basque (France)--Description and travel. 2. Pays Basque (France)-- History. I. Title. DC611.B313V513 2011 944’.716--dc22 2011001810 Contents List of Illustrations..................................................... vii Note on Basque Orthography.........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Gender-Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Pancreatic Cancer Mortality in Spain (1990–2013)
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Spatial gender-age-period-cohort analysis of pancreatic cancer mortality in Spain (1990± 2013) Jaione Etxeberria1,2,3, TomaÂs Goicoa1,2,4, Gonzalo Lo pez-Abente5, Andrea Riebler6, MarõÂa Dolores Ugarte1,2* 1 Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain, 2 Institute for Advanced Materials, InaMat, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain, 3 Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain, 4 Research Network a1111111111 on Health Services in Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), Madrid, Spain, 5 Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, a1111111111 Spain, 6 Department of Mathematical Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, a1111111111 Trondheim, Norway a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Recently, the interest in studying pancreatic cancer mortality has increased due to its high Citation: Etxeberria J, Goicoa T, LoÂpez-Abente G, lethality. In this work a detailed analysis of pancreatic cancer mortality in Spanish provinces Riebler A, Ugarte MD (2017) Spatial gender-age- was performed using recent data. A set of multivariate spatial gender-age-period-cohort period-cohort analysis of pancreatic cancer models was considered to look for potential candidates to analyze pancreatic cancer mortal- mortality in Spain (1990±2013). PLoS ONE 12(2): e0169751. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169751 ity rates. The selected model combines features of APC (age-period-cohort) models with disease mapping approaches. To ensure model identifiability sum-to-zero constraints were Editor: Jaymie Meliker, Stony Brook University, Graduate Program in Public Health, UNITED applied. A fully Bayesian approach based on integrated nested Laplace approximations STATES (INLA) was considered for model fitting and inference.
    [Show full text]
  • Dative Overmarking in Basque: Evidence of Spanish-Basque Convergence
    Dative Overmarking in Basque: Evidence of Spanish-Basque Convergence Jennifer Austin University of New Jersey, Rutgers. [email protected] Abstract This paper investigates a recent change in the grammar of spoken Basque which results in the substitution of dative case and agreement for absolutive case and agreement in marking animate, specific direct objects. I argue that this pattern of use is due to convergence between the feature matrix of the functional category AGR in Spanish and Basque. In contrast to previous studies which point to interface areas as the locus of syntactic convergence, I argue that this is a change affecting the core grammar of Basque. Furthermore, I suggest that the appearance of this case marking pattern in spoken Basque is probably attributable to recent changes in the demographics of Basque speakers and that its use is related to the degree of proficiency in each language of adult bilingual speakers. Laburpena Lan honetan euskara mintzatuaren gramatikan gertatu berri den aldaketa bat ikertzen da, hain zuzen ere, kasu datiboa eta aditz komunztaduraren ordezkapena kasu absolutiboa eta aditz komunztaduraren ordez objektu zuzenak --animatuak eta zehatzak—markatzen direnean. Nire iritziz, erabilera hori gazteleraz eta euskaraz dagoen AGR delako kategori funtzionalaren ezaugarri taulen bateratzeari zor zaio. Aurreko ikerketa batzuetan hizkuntza arteko ukipen eremuak bateratze sintaktikoaren gunetzat jotzen badira ere, nire iritziz aldaketa horrek euskararen gramatika oinarrizkoari eragiten dio. Areago, esango nuke kasu marka erabilera hori, ziurrenik, euskal hiztunen artean gertatu berri diren aldaketa demografikoen ondorioz agertzen dela euskara mintzatuan eta hiztun elebidun helduek hizkuntza bakoitzean daukaten gaitasun mailari lotuta dagoela. Keywods: Bilingualism, syntactic convergence, language contact.
    [Show full text]
  • Azorín, Los Clásicos Redivivos Y Los Universales Renovados Pascale Peyraga
    Azorín, los Clásicos redivivos y los universales renovados Pascale Peyraga To cite this version: Pascale Peyraga. Azorín, los Clásicos redivivos y los universales renovados. Pascale Peyraga. Azorín, los Clásicos redivivos y los universales renovados, Dec 2011, Pau, Francia. Instituto Alicantino de Cultura Juan Gil-Albert, pp.285, 2013, Colección Colectiva, 978-84-7784-635-2. hal-01285823 HAL Id: hal-01285823 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01285823 Submitted on 31 Jan 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Λ Los Clásicos redivivos y Γ\μ V F L Γ L [os universales renovados Pascale PEYRAGA (dir.) AZORÍN r LOS CLASICOS REDIVIVOS Y LOS UNIVERSALES RENOVADOS VIII Coloquio Internacional Pau, 1-3 de diciembre 2011 Organizado por: Laboratoire de Recherches: Langues, Littératures et Civilisations de l’Arc Atlantique (E.A. 1925), Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour Casa-Museo Azorín, Obra Social de la Caja de Ahorros del Mediterráneo ál DIPUTACIÓN DE ALICANTE Comité de lectura: Rocío Charques Gámez Christelle Colin Emilie Guyard IsabelIbáfiez Nejma Kermele Sophie Torres © De la obra en su conjunto: Laboratoire de Recherches: Langues, Littératures et Civilisations de l’Arc Atlantique (Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour).
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Centro Vasco New York
    12 THE BASQUES OF NEW YORK: A Cosmopolitan Experience Gloria Totoricagüena With the collaboration of Emilia Sarriugarte Doyaga and Anna M. Renteria Aguirre TOTORICAGÜENA, Gloria The Basques of New York : a cosmopolitan experience / Gloria Totoricagüena ; with the collaboration of Emilia Sarriugarte Doyaga and Anna M. Renteria Aguirre. – 1ª ed. – Vitoria-Gasteiz : Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia = Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco, 2003 p. ; cm. – (Urazandi ; 12) ISBN 84-457-2012-0 1. Vascos-Nueva York. I. Sarriugarte Doyaga, Emilia. II. Renteria Aguirre, Anna M. III. Euskadi. Presidencia. IV. Título. V. Serie 9(1.460.15:747 Nueva York) Edición: 1.a junio 2003 Tirada: 750 ejemplares © Administración de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco Presidencia del Gobierno Director de la colección: Josu Legarreta Bilbao Internet: www.euskadi.net Edita: Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Argitalpen Zerbitzu Nagusia - Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco Donostia-San Sebastián, 1 - 01010 Vitoria-Gasteiz Diseño: Canaldirecto Fotocomposición: Elkar, S.COOP. Larrondo Beheko Etorbidea, Edif. 4 – 48180 LOIU (Bizkaia) Impresión: Elkar, S.COOP. ISBN: 84-457-2012-0 84-457-1914-9 D.L.: BI-1626/03 Nota: El Departamento editor de esta publicación no se responsabiliza de las opiniones vertidas a lo largo de las páginas de esta colección Index Aurkezpena / Presentation............................................................................... 10 Hitzaurrea / Preface.........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism and Democracy. Manuel Irujo Ollo: the Leadership of a Heterodox Basque Nationalist
    Nationalism and Democracy. Manuel Irujo Ollo: The Leadership of a Heterodox Basque Nationalist LUDGER MEES UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country l Abstract Manuel Irujo Ollo was one of the most prominent leaders of moderate Basque nationalism. Irujo, who was born in 1891 and died in 1981 at the age of 89, had a Basque, Spanish, and European dimension to his political career, which was perhaps the most enduring and intensive of any leader to emerge during the entire history of this socio-political movement. Yet Irujo’s political life remains largely quite unknown: no comprehensive academic biography has been written on his political work. Obviously, this article does not pretend to fill this void. Instead, it aims to cast a light on the nationalist leader’s political life from the twofold perspective of his individual political activity and the lessons that can be learned for a broader understanding of Basque nationalism in particular and of the relationship between nationalism and democracy in general. Resumen Manuel Irujo Ollo fue uno de los más significativos líderes del nacionalismo vasco moderado. En la historia de este movimiento socio-político probablemente no existe otro líder con una trayectoria política tan duradera e intensa con una dimensión vasca, española y europea como la de Irujo, quien nació en 1891 y murió en 1981 a la edad de 89. Pese a ello, hoy día la vida política de Irujo sigue siendo en buena parte desconocida, puesto que hasta la fecha no existe una biografía completa escrita con rigor científico. Obviamente, este artículo no pretende subsanar este déficit, pero sí aspira a arrojar luz sobre la biografía política del líder nacionalista desde una doble perspectiva: no sólo se analizará su actividad política individual, sino que también se preguntará sobre las conclusiones que se pueden extraer de este análisis para la historia del nacionalismo vasco y, más en general, sobre la relación entre naciona- lismo y democracia.
    [Show full text]