Archivo Histórico
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Charles Darwin: a Companion
CHARLES DARWIN: A COMPANION Charles Darwin aged 59. Reproduction of a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron, original 13 x 10 inches, taken at Dumbola Lodge, Freshwater, Isle of Wight in July 1869. The original print is signed and authenticated by Mrs Cameron and also signed by Darwin. It bears Colnaghi's blind embossed registration. [page 3] CHARLES DARWIN A Companion by R. B. FREEMAN Department of Zoology University College London DAWSON [page 4] First published in 1978 © R. B. Freeman 1978 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publisher: Wm Dawson & Sons Ltd, Cannon House Folkestone, Kent, England Archon Books, The Shoe String Press, Inc 995 Sherman Avenue, Hamden, Connecticut 06514 USA British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Freeman, Richard Broke. Charles Darwin. 1. Darwin, Charles – Dictionaries, indexes, etc. 575′. 0092′4 QH31. D2 ISBN 0–7129–0901–X Archon ISBN 0–208–01739–9 LC 78–40928 Filmset in 11/12 pt Bembo Printed and bound in Great Britain by W & J Mackay Limited, Chatham [page 5] CONTENTS List of Illustrations 6 Introduction 7 Acknowledgements 10 Abbreviations 11 Text 17–309 [page 6] LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Charles Darwin aged 59 Frontispiece From a photograph by Julia Margaret Cameron Skeleton Pedigree of Charles Robert Darwin 66 Pedigree to show Charles Robert Darwin's Relationship to his Wife Emma 67 Wedgwood Pedigree of Robert Darwin's Children and Grandchildren 68 Arms and Crest of Robert Waring Darwin 69 Research Notes on Insectivorous Plants 1860 90 Charles Darwin's Full Signature 91 [page 7] INTRODUCTION THIS Companion is about Charles Darwin the man: it is not about evolution by natural selection, nor is it about any other of his theoretical or experimental work. -
Land Use Policy from the Holocene to the Anthropocene
Land Use Policy 27 (2010) 148–160 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Land Use Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/landusepol From the Holocene to the Anthropocene: A historical framework for land cover change in southwestern South America in the past 15,000 years Juan J. Armesto a,b,∗, Daniela Manuschevich a,b, Alejandra Mora a, Cecilia Smith-Ramirez a, Ricardo Rozzi a,c,d, Ana M. Abarzúa a,e, Pablo A. Marquet a,b a Instituto Milenio de Ecología & Biodiversidad, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile b CASEB, Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile c Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile d Department of Philosophy, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA e Instituto de Geociencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile article info abstract Article history: The main forest transitions that took place in south-central Chile from the end of the last glaciation to the Received 15 September 2008 present are reviewed here with the aim of identifying the main climatic and socio-economic drivers of land Received in revised form 10 July 2009 cover change. The first great transition, driven primarily by global warming, is the postglacial expansion Accepted 15 July 2009 of forests, with human populations from about 15,000 cal. yr. BP, restricted to coastlines and river basins and localized impact of forest fire. Charcoal evidence of fire increased in south-central Chile and in global Keywords: records from about 12,000 to 6000 cal. yr. BP, which could be attributed at least partly to people. -
A Passagem De Robert Fitzroy E O HMS Beagle Pela Argentina Gabriel Passetti Doutorando/USP
Anais Eletrônicos do VII Encontro Internacional da ANPHLAC Campinas – 2006 ISBN - 978-85-61621-00-1 Civilização britânica, barbáries americanas: a passagem de Robert FitzRoy e o HMS Beagle pela Argentina Gabriel Passetti Doutorando/USP Durante as décadas de 1820 e 1830, expedições britânicas percorreram as costas sul-americanas objetivando o mapeamento cartográfico das rotas do comércio imperial e a formalização de contatos comerciais e políticos com os Estados em formação após as independências ibéricas. Um dos locais mais visados foi a passagem do Oceano Atlântico para o Pacífico, rota obrigatória para o comercio imperial, o Estreito de Magalhães. Para ele, foram enviadas duas expedições que, juntas, permaneceram praticamente ininterruptamente entre 1827 e 1834, capitaneadas por Philip Parker King e Robert FitzRoy. Este artigo procura apresentar algumas observações iniciais desta documentação, procurando identificar os projetos para a América Latina e a visão construída da região e os povos que a habitavam. O final do século XVIII foi marcado pelo crescente interesse britânico e francês pelas rotas de circunavegação do globo e pelo mapeamento de regiões até então praticamente intocadas do interior das Américas, da África e da recém-descoberta Oceania. As expedições de James Cook (1768-1779) foram marcos importantes, pois estabeleceram as principais rotas, enquanto que as de Alexander von Humboldt (1799- 1804) construíram os modelos científicos a serem adotados pelos navegadores posteriores. O fim das guerras napoleônicas marcou a consolidação do poderio naval britânico e proporcionou um novo avanço, pois a Marinha Real, ampliada durante os combates, assumiu a posição de reguladora dos mares. Grandes veleiros foram enviados para verificar e detalhar as antigas cartas náuticas ibéricas das Américas, da África e da Ásia. -
Chapter 10 RIPOSTE and REPRISE
Chapter 10 RIPOSTE AND REPRISE ...I have given the name of the Strait of the Mother of God, to what was formerly known as the Strait of Magellan...because she is Patron and Advocate of these regions....Fromitwill result high honour and glory to the Kings of Spain ... and to the Spanish nation, who will execute the work, there will be no less honour, profit, and increase. ...they died like dogges in their houses, and in their clothes, wherein we found them still at our comming, untill that in the ende the towne being wonderfully taynted with the smell and the savour of the dead people, the rest which remayned alive were driven ... to forsake the towne.... In this place we watered and woodded well and quietly. Our Generall named this towne Port famine.... The Spanish riposte: Sarmiento1 Francisco de Toledo lamented briefly that ‘the sea is so wide, and [Drake] made off with such speed, that we could not catch him’; but he was ‘not a man to dally in contemplations’,2 and within ten days of the hang-dog return of the futile pursuers of the corsair he was planning to lock the door by which that low fellow had entered. Those whom he had sent off on that fiasco seem to have been equally, and reasonably, terrified of catching Drake and of returning to report failure; and we can be sure that the always vehement Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa let his views on their conduct be known. He already had the Viceroy’s ear, having done him signal if not too scrupulous service in the taking of the unfortunate Tupac Amaru (above, Ch. -
Cloud Ridge Naturalists 2011 Field Notes
Cloud Ridge Naturalists 2011 Field Notes by Sarah Drummond Winter’s greetings! As the days slowly start to lengthen here in the northern hemisphere, we reflect on some of our southern travels during the previous year. Our final trip of 2011, “In Darwin's Footsteps, Part II,” once again took up the trail of naturalist Charles Darwin and his famous voyage in the survey ship Beagle around South America between 1831 and 1834. In November 2010, Cloud Ridge visited several points on Darwin’s route in Argentine Patagonia, culminating with a cruise through Tierra del Fuego and ending in Punta Arenas, Chile. This year, we returned to Punta Arenas in early December, and from there we traveled north up Chile’s convoluted and mountainous coast. We went first to Puerto Hambre and the Cemetario Ingles, where Fitzroy’s predecessor as captain of the Beagle, Pringle Stokes, is buried. Next, we journeyed into Torres del Paine National Park to enjoy the spectacular alpine bloom and abundant wildlife as well as the park’s dramatic scenery. Further north in Chile’s lake district, we spent several days exploring the lush rainforest on Chiloe Island's west coast. Finally, we returned to Santiago and drove across the Andes via the Portillo Pass to end our journey in the wine country of Mendoza, Argentina. Like our previous sojourn “in Darwin’s footsteps,” this one took us through a wide range of landscapes and habitats, and illustrated both the incredible diversity and vulnerability of Patagonia. Abundant evidence of the geologic forces that amazed Darwin, however, served as a reminder that despite our power and numbers, humanity is never in control. -
Cnidaria, Hydrozoa: Latitudinal Distribution of Hydroids Along the Fjords Region of Southern Chile, with Notes on the World Distribution of Some Species
Check List 3(4): 308–320, 2007. ISSN: 1809-127X NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Cnidaria, Hydrozoa: latitudinal distribution of hydroids along the fjords region of southern Chile, with notes on the world distribution of some species. Horia R. Galea 1 Verena Häussermann 1, 2 Günter Försterra 1, 2 1 Huinay Scientific Field Station. Casilla 462. Puerto Montt, Chile. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla Teja. Avenida Inés de Haverbeck 9, 11 y 13. Casilla 467. Valdivia, Chile. The coast of continental Chile extends over and Cape Horn. Viviani (1979) and Pickard almost 4,200 km and covers a large part of the (1971) subdivided the Magellanic Province into southeast Pacific. While the coastline between three regions: the Northern Patagonian Zone, from Arica (18°20' S) and Chiloé Island (ca. 41°30' S) Puerto Montt to the Peninsula Taitao (ca. 46°–47° is more or less straight, the region between Puerto S), the Central Patagonian Zone to the Straits of Montt (ca. 41°30' S) and Cape Horn (ca. 56° S) is Magellan (ca. 52°–53° S), and the Southern highly structured and presents a large number of Patagonian Zone south of the Straits of Magellan. islands, channels and fjords. This extension is A recent study, including a wide set of formed by two parallel mountain ranges, the high invertebrates from the intertidal to 100 m depth Andes on Chile’s eastern border, and the coastal (Lancellotti and Vasquez 1999), negates the mountains along its western edge which, in the widely assumed faunal break at 42° S, and area of Puerto Montt, drop into the ocean with proposes a Transitional Temperate Region between their summits, forming the western channels and 35° and 48° S, where a gradual but important islands, while the Andes mountain range change in the species composition occurs. -
Fjords of Tierra Del Fuego
One Way Route Punta Arenas - Ushuaia | 4 NIGHTS Fjords of Tierra del Fuego WWW.AUSTRALIS.COM Route Map SOUTH AMERICA Santiago Buenos Aires CHILE Punta Arenas 1 STRAIT OF MAGELLAN TIERRA DEL FUEGO 2 Tuckers Islets 2 Ainsworth Bay DARWIN RANGE Pía Glacier 3 5 Ushuaia ARGENTINA 3 BEAGLE CHANNEL Glacier Alley 4 Bahía Wulaia Day 1 : Punta Arenas Day 2 : Ainsworth Bay - Tuckers Islets* 4 Day 3 : Pía Glacier - Glacier Alley** Cape Horn Day 4 :Cape Horn - Wulaia Bay Day 5 : Ushuaia * In September and April, this excursion is replaced by a short walk to a nearby glacier at Brookes Bay. ** Not an excursion Map for tourism related purposes Day 1: Punta Arenas Check in at 1398 Costanera del Estrecho Ave. (Arturo Prat Port) between 13:00 and 17:00. Board at 18:00 (6 PM). After a welcoming toast and introduction of captain and crew, the ship departs for one of the remotest corners of planet Earth. During the night we cross the Strait of Magellan and enter the labyrinth of channels that define the southern extreme of Patagonian. The twinkling lights of Punta Arenas gradually fade into the distance as we enter the Whiteside Canal between Darwin Island and Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego. Day 2: Ainsworth Bay & Tuckers Islets By dawn the ship is sailing up Admiralty Sound (Seno Almirantazgo), a spectacular offshoot of the Strait of Magellan that stretches nearly halfway across Tierra del Fuego. The snowcapped peaks of Karukinka Natural Park stretch along the north side of the sound, while the south shore is defined by the deep fjords and broad bays of Alberto de Agostini National Park. -
O Estreito De Magalhães Redescoberto: CIÊNCIA, POLÍTICA E COMÉRCIO NAS EXPEDIÇÕES DE EXPLORAÇÃO NAS DÉCADAS DE 1820 E 1830 Antíteses, Vol
Antíteses ISSN: 1984-3356 [email protected] Universidade Estadual de Londrina Brasil Passetti, Gabriel O Estreito de Magalhães redescoberto: CIÊNCIA, POLÍTICA E COMÉRCIO NAS EXPEDIÇÕES DE EXPLORAÇÃO NAS DÉCADAS DE 1820 E 1830 Antíteses, vol. 7, núm. 13, enero-junio, 2014, pp. 254-276 Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina, Brasil Disponível em: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=193331342013 Como citar este artigo Número completo Sistema de Informação Científica Mais artigos Rede de Revistas Científicas da América Latina, Caribe , Espanha e Portugal Home da revista no Redalyc Projeto acadêmico sem fins lucrativos desenvolvido no âmbito da iniciativa Acesso Aberto DOI: 10.5433/1984-3356.2014v7n13p254 O Estreito de Magalhães redescoberto: CIÊNCIA, POLÍTICA E COMÉRCIO NAS EXPEDIÇÕES DE EXPLORAÇÃO NAS DÉCADAS DE 1820 E 1830 Strait of Magellan rediscovered: science, politics, commerce and the exploring expeditions during the 1820’s and 1830’s Gabriel Passetti 1 RESUMO Este artigo discute o crescente interesse das potências ocidentais no Estreito de Magalhães, Patagônia e Terra do Fogo nas primeiras décadas do século XIX. São conectados os objetivos estratégicos dos governos aos comerciais de companhias de caça e comércio para a compreensão do financiamento de expedições oficiais de exploração e mapeamento da região. São analisados os relatos de dois comandantes britânicos a serviço da Marinha Real que percorreram aquela região e procuraram conciliar ciência e interesses pessoais na publicação de relatos de suas viagens, descrevendo descobertas, aventuras, a desconstrução de lendas e os tensos e conflituosos contatos com os indígenas locais. Palavras-chave: Estreito de Magalhães. Relatos de viagens. Expedições científicas de mapeamento. -
Memoirs of Hydrography
MEMOIRS 07 HYDROGRAPHY INCLUDING Brief Biographies of the Principal Officers who have Served in H.M. NAVAL SURVEYING SERVICE BETWEEN THE YEARS 1750 and 1885 COMPILED BY COMMANDER L. S. DAWSON, R.N. I 1s t tw o PARTS. P a r t II.—1830 t o 1885. EASTBOURNE: HENRY W. KEAY, THE “ IMPERIAL LIBRARY.” iI i / PREF A CE. N the compilation of Part II. of the Memoirs of Hydrography, the endeavour has been to give the services of the many excellent surveying I officers of the late Indian Navy, equal prominence with those of the Royal Navy. Except in the geographical abridgment, under the heading of “ Progress of Martne Surveys” attached to the Memoirs of the various Hydrographers, the personal services of officers still on the Active List, and employed in the surveying service of the Royal Navy, have not been alluded to ; thereby the lines of official etiquette will not have been over-stepped. L. S. D. January , 1885. CONTENTS OF PART II ♦ CHAPTER I. Beaufort, Progress 1829 to 1854, Fitzroy, Belcher, Graves, Raper, Blackwood, Barrai, Arlett, Frazer, Owen Stanley, J. L. Stokes, Sulivan, Berard, Collinson, Lloyd, Otter, Kellett, La Place, Schubert, Haines,' Nolloth, Brock, Spratt, C. G. Robinson, Sheringham, Williams, Becher, Bate, Church, Powell, E. J. Bedford, Elwon, Ethersey, Carless, G. A. Bedford, James Wood, Wolfe, Balleny, Wilkes, W. Allen, Maury, Miles, Mooney, R. B. Beechey, P. Shortland, Yule, Lord, Burdwood, Dayman, Drury, Barrow, Christopher, John Wood, Harding, Kortright, Johnson, Du Petit Thouars, Lawrance, Klint, W. Smyth, Dunsterville, Cox, F. W. L. Thomas, Biddlecombe, Gordon, Bird Allen, Curtis, Edye, F. -
Revisiting Darwin's Voyage", in Darwin: for the Love of Science (Eds
240 CITE: D. Catling (2009) "Revisiting Darwin's Voyage", in Darwin: For The Love of Science (Eds. A. Kelly and M. Kelly), Bristol Cultural Development Partnership, Bristol, England, pp.240-251. Revisiting Darwin’s Voyage 241 REVISITING DARWIN’S VOYAGE by David Catling ([email protected]) The kauri (Agathis australis) in Charles Darwin’s voyage around the world from 1831 to the Bay of Islands, New Zealand, is a tree of great antiquity whose 1836 on HMS Beagle is one of the greatest journeys of all ancestors arose around 135 million years ago (all photographs in this time and arguably the most important scientific expedition chapter are by the author). ever, given how it changed our fundamental view of nature. My interest in revisiting the landfalls of this voyage was sparked by a conversation some years ago. 242 Darwin: for the love of science Revisiting Darwin’s Voyage 243 A professor of English literature was boasting how students in the arts are directly exposed surveyed South America from 1826-1830. In 1828, in the desolate Magellan Straits, the to the words of the great genius, be it Shakespeare or Dante, whereas science students Beagle’s dejected captain, Pringle Stokes, committed suicide and Fitzroy was promoted to rarely read great scientists directly. Who, after all, reads Newton’s impenetrable Latin command the ship. Later, FitzRoy wrote: tomes? I disagreed: Several notable scientists have left readable accounts of their work, and none more so than Darwin. There may be metal in many of the Fuegian mountains, and I much regret that no person in the vessel was skilled in mineralogy, or at all acquainted with geology. -
The Spirit of the Southern Wind
El Espíritu del Viento del Sur The Spirit of the Southern Wind Estrecho de Magallanes, Canal Beagle & Cabo de Hornos Fotografías: Luis Bertea Rojas Textos: Denis Chevallay BOOK SERIES THE STRAIT OF MAGELLAN EXPLORATION CRUISE TO THE REMOTE REGIONS OF TIERRA DEL FUEGO AND STRAIT OF MAGELLAN EXCLUSIVE PHOTO EXPEDITION AND NATURE CRUISE A BOARD THE M/V FORREST [email protected] EXPEDITION CRUISE PHOTOGRAPHY, CIENce & EDUCATION www.patagoniaphotosafaris.com The Spirit of the Southern Wind El Espíritu del Viento del Sur Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel & Cape Horn Photographs by Luis Bertea Rojas - Text by Denis Chevallay Glaciar en Seno Ballena-Isla Santa Ines Glacier on Whalesound-Santa Ines island Fuerte, bravío, impredecible e inclemente. Así es "El espíritu del viento del sur". Un viento que por siglos ha puesto a prueba a innumerables aventureros. Quienes fueron capaces de enfrentarlo, pudieron conocer parte de los misterios que aun encierra este hermoso rincón del planeta. La mayoría de los que embarcaron desde tierras lejanas no lo consiguieron, sin embargo, los vencedores tuvieron la oportunidad de dar a conocer al resto del mundo la belleza inhóspita de estos parajes y el coraje de los habitantes del llamado "fin del Mundo". Strong, fierce, unpredictable and inclement. These are just some words to describe “the spirit of the southern wind”. For centuries this wind has put innumerable adventurers to the test and only those capable of confronting the wind were able to learn a little about the mysteries that are still hidden in this beautiful corner of the planet. The majority of those explorers who set off from distant lands were unsuccessful in their attempts. -
Visita De Charles Robert Darwin a Chile
VISITA DE CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN A CHILE Peter Furniss Hodgkinson* - Introducción. bre de 1831 y octubre de 1836 que duró • Antecedentes personales de cuatro años y diez meses. Charles Robert Darwin. Circunnavegó el globo terráqueo en la (Inglés, 12 de febrero de 1809 – 19 de “Beagle”, visitando las islas del Atlántico abril de 1882). y Pacífico Sur, las islas Galápagos, Tahití, islas de la Oceanía, Nueva Zelanda, Aus- studió inicialmente medicina en tralia, islas del océano Indico y al regreso Escocia pero esta disciplina no lo a Inglaterra, recalarían al Cabo de Buena atraía y la abandona. Ante aque- Esperanza, las islas Santa Helena, Ascen- Ello, su padre lo envió a estudiar como sión, Cabo Verde y Azores. clérigo a Cambridge en 1828. Se graduó como tal en 1831, pero no tuvo interés en • Procedimiento de Darwin para sus seguir esa vocación. Durante su perma- excursiones y exploraciones. nencia en Edimburgo y Cambridge hizo Sus actividades de exploración las amistades con científicos de renombre realizaba como parte de la expedición que lo marcarían y lo conducirían al área científica del almirantazgo empleando de las ciencias naturales que resultó ser como base de operaciones el buque su afición y orientaría su vida futura. HMS “Beagle”, ocasionalmente reali- Charles Darwin alcanzó fama mundial zaba incursiones desembarcando del como naturista al publicar tres importan- buque por periodos prolongados, pero tes libros que fueron en forma cronoló- siempre coordinados para reunirse en gica: Viaje de un Naturista alrededor del lugares previamente acordados. Mundo (1839), Teoría sobre la Evolución de las Especies y Preservación Mediante • Metodología empleada para el la Selección Natural, (24 de noviembre presente estudio.