Supplementary listening lists

Key words National 5 musical concepts occur in red. Those in blue indicate words that might be helpful in an internet search if you want to research a concept or topic further.

Time coding/further information In instances where a concept occurs at a specific point in a piece of music, a time code is given to indicate this point. For example, a time code of 0.23 means that the concept can be found 23 seconds into the piece. In music where there could be a slight variation in the time code (for example due to speed variations in different performances of the same piece of music), the letter ‘c.’ precedes the code (an abbreviation of the word circa, meaning ‘approximately’). In the example below, for instance, we are informed that the musical concept sequence occurs in Vivaldi’s Oboe Concerto in D minor, opus 8, number 9, movement 1, at approximately 1 minute and 18 seconds into the movement. We are also given the further information that the sequence is played by strings at this point.

Concept Piece title Composer (Performer) Time code/further information

Sequence Oboe Concerto in D Vivaldi At c. 1.18 minor, op. 8, no. 9, strings begin movement 1 playing the sequence

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Unit 1 National 5 STYLE concepts

Concept Piece title Composer (Performer)

Symphony Symphony no. 99 in E flat Haydn major Gospel How Great Thou Art (Yolanda Adams)

Classical The Magic Flute (opera) Mozart

Pibroch Lament for the Bishop of Traditional Argyle

Celtic rock Whiskey in the Jar (Thin Lizzy)

Bothy ballad Bogheid Crew Traditional

Waulking song Coisich a rùin Traditional Gaelic psalm St Kilda Traditional

Aria ‘Vecchia zimarra, senti’ Puccini from the opera La Bohème

Chorus ‘Dies Irae’ from Requiem, Mozart K 626

Minimalist On the Transmigration of John Adams Souls

Indian Raga Jogeshwari Ravi Shankar

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Unit 2 National 5 MELODY/HARMONY concepts

Concept Piece Title Composer Time code/further (Performer) information

Atonal Pierrot Lunaire Schoenberg

Cluster Concord Sonata, movement Ives 2 (‘Hawthorne’)

Chord Brown Eyed Girl Van progression (I, Morrison IV, V and VI in major keys)

Perfect cadence Te Deum Charpentier c. 0.13, 0.27, 0.55, 1.23 and 1.39

Imperfect Concerto no. 3, ‘Autumn’, Vivaldi Before solo violin cadence from The Four Seasons, enters, imperfect movement 1, Allegro cadences occur in the opening section at: c. 0.05, 0.12, 0.22, 0.34, 0.41, 0.59 and 1.03

Inverted pedal The garden is becoming a Nyman Violin inverted pedal robe room

Chromatic Symphonie Fantastique, Berlioz movement 3 ‘Scene aux Champs’

Whole-tone scale Arabesque no. 1 (from Deux Debussy Arabesques)

Grace note Gnossienne no. 1 Satie

Glissando El Colibri Julio Classical guitar solo Sagreras (John Williams)

Tone Wonderwall (Oasis) All the notes in the first two phrases of each verse of the song are a tone apart

Semitone Für Elise Beethoven Opening notes are a semitone apart; these form the basis of a recurring theme throughout the piece

3 Concept Piece Title Composer Time code/further (Performer) information

Modulation Eine kleine Nachtmusik, Mozart Modulation from movement 4 major key to minor key at c. 0.17, then a modulation from minor key back to major key at c. 1.28

Contrary motion Mikrokosmos volume II, Bartók ‘Contrary Motion’

Trill Overture from Water Music Handel Trills occur in opening section of the movement from c. 0.03–1.09

Syllabic Just the Way You Are Bruno Mars

Melismatic Amen from Stabat Mater, Vivaldi RV 621

Countermelody Sonata in G major, K 13 L D. Scarlatti 486

Descant (voice) Dum complerentur dies Palestrina Motet Pentecostes

Pitch bend Albatross (Fleetwood Bends occur in lead Mac) electric guitar melody

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Unit 3 National 5 TEXTURE/STRUCTURE/FORM concepts

Concept Piece title Composer Time code/further (Performer) information

Strophic Amazing Grace John Newton

Binary (A B) Bourrée from Water Handel Music

Rondo (A B A C Rondo alla Turca Mozart A…)

Alberti bass Sonata IV in G minor Alberti c. 0.19, 1.02, 1.55 and 3.02

Walking bass Fly Me to the Moon Bart Howard (Frank Sinatra)

Ground bass Air on a Ground Bass Purcell

Homophonic ‘O Fortuna’ (from Orff Carmina Burana)

Polyphonic Regina Coeli Gombert Marian antiphon for 12 voices

Contrapuntal ‘Little’ Fugue in G J. S. Bach minor, BWV 578

Coda (Sittin’ on) the dock of Steve Cropper Begins at 2.19 with the bay and Otis vocalist whistling the Redding (Otis melody Redding)

5 Unit 4 National 5 TIMBRE/DYNAMICS concepts

Concept Piece title Composer Time code (Performer)

Piccolo Piccolo duet Boismortier

Oboe Gabriel’s oboe (from the film Morricone The Mission)

Bassoon Bassoon Concerto in B flat Mozart

French horn Horn trio, op. 40 Brahms

Tuba Tuba Concerto in F minor Vaughan Williams

Viola Viola Concerto in G major Telemann

Castanets Fandango Boccherini (Carmina Quartet)

Hi-hat Don’t Bring Me Down (Electric Light cymbals Orchestra)

Bongo Chillout Bongos Pitri Simpson drums

Clàrsach The Chanter’s Song Traditional

Bodhrán O’Sullivan’s March (The Chieftans)

Sitar Concerto for Sitar and Ravi Shankar Orchestra

Tabla Origin (track 1 from the Oldfield 00.27–end of album ‘Journey into Space’) track

Arco Overture from the opera The Mozart Marriage of Figaro

Pizzicato ‘Playful Pizzicato’ from Britten Simple Symphony

Con sordino New World Symphony, Dvořák 0.01–c. 1.27 movement 2

Flutter The Great Train Race Ian Clarke (Nina tonguing Perlove)

Rolls Symphony no. 8, movement Bruckner 2, ‘Scherzo’ and movement 4, ‘Finale’

Reverb Novio (Moby) Reverb used on piano and vocals

6 Concept Piece title Composer Time code (Performer)

Mezzo- Humperdinck Hänsel is the soprano Hansel and Gretel leading mezzo- soprano role in the opera

Baritone La Pietade in Suo Furore Verdi (from the opera Lucia di Lamermoor)

A cappella Feels Like Spring (James Morrison and The Idea of North)

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Unit 5 National 5 RHYTHM/TEMPO concepts

Concept Piece title Composer (Performer)

Rubato Clair de Lune Debussy

Ritardando Music for the Royal Fireworks Handel

Moderato So Nice (Summer Samba) Marcos Valle and Paulo Sergio Valle

Cross-rhythms ‘Mars’ from The Planets Suite Holst

Compound Symphony no. 6, the ‘Pastoral’, Beethoven time 6/8 movement 2

Compound ‘The Ride of the Valkyries’ from Wagner time 9/8 the opera Die Walküre

Compound Norwegian Wood The Beatles time 12/8

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Unit 6 National 4 STYLE Concepts

Concept Piece title Composer (Performer) Baroque Brandenburg Concerto no. 1 J. S. Bach

Ragtime The Entertainer Scott Joplin

Romantic The Nutcracker Suite Tchaikovsky Swing In the Mood Glenn Miller

Concerto Cello Concerto no. 1 Penderecki

Opera Madame Butterfly Puccini

Scots ballad Green Grow the Rashes Robert Burns

Mouth music ‘Follow the Light’ (from the Mairi MacInnes album This Feeling Inside)

Reggae Red Red Wine (UB40)

African music Missa Luba Arranged by Guido Haazen

Rapping I’ll Be Missing You (Puff Daddy)

9 Unit 7 National 4 MELODY/HARMONY concepts

Concept Piece title Composer (Performer) Time code/further information

Major Firework (Katy Perry) (tonality)

Minor Mad World Roland Orzabal (Tears (tonality) for Fears)

Drone Blue Bonnets Over the Traditional (Pipes and Bagpipe drone Border Drums of the Royal Highland Fusiliers)

Broken Nothing Else Matters (Metallica) Electric guitar chord/arpeggi arpeggios at start o and throughout

Chord Twist and Shout (The Beatles) progression — chords I, IV and V (major keys)

Change of Every Breath You Take (The Police) 1.23 key

Pedal Nothing Compares 2 U (Sinéad O’Connor) Synthesizer pedal from start of song

Scale Flute Concerto no. 1, Vivaldi Scale passages ‘La tempesta di mare’, occur in melody RV 433, movement 1 and bass lines at: (Allegro) c. 0.01–0.10, c. 1.16–1.25 and c. 2.26–2.35

Pentatonic Whole Lotta Love (Led Zeppelin) Song constructed scale from notes of the pentatonic scale

Octave Over the Rainbow E. Y. Harburg and First 2 notes of (original version) Harold Arlen chorus are an octave apart

Vamp Ain’t That A Shame Fats Domino

Scat Singing Some of These Days (Ella Fitzgerald)

Ornament Flute Concerto, op. 10, Vivaldi Ornaments no. 6, RV 437, played by solo flute in each of the concerto’s three movements

10 Unit 8 National 4 RHYTHM/TEMPO concepts

Concept Piece title Composer Time code/further (Performer) information

Syncopation Jammin’ (Bob Syncopated Marley) accompaniment

Scotch snap Silhouette (from the album (Mike Scotch snaps occur Music of the Spheres) Oldfield) at 2.02–3.19, first in flute melody then in oboe/bassoon melody

Strathspey The Saltire Strathspey Traditional Scottish

Jig The Irish Washerwoman Traditional Irish

Simple time 2/4 Imperial March John Williams

Simple time 3/4 Waltz in A flat major, op. 39, Brahms no. 15

Simple time 4/4 Pastorale from L’Arlésienne, Bizet Suite no. 2

Compound time See above: Unit 5 National 5 RHYTHM/TEMPO Concepts: 6/8, 9/8 and 12/8 time

Anacrusis Auld Lang Syne Traditional Scottish

Andante Symphony no. 35, movement 2, Mozart K 385

Accelerando In the Hall of the Mountain Grieg c. 1.43 to end King (Peer Gynt)

Rallentando Wanted Dead or Alive (Bon Jovi) 3.51–4.05

A tempo Hungarian Dance no. 5 in G Brahms This piece has eight minor instances where the music returns to the original tempo (a tempo) after becoming slower

Dotted rhythms Rex Tremendae, from Requiem, Mozart K 626

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Unit 9 National 4 TEXTURE/STRUCTURE/FORM concepts

Concept Piece title Composer Time (Performer) code/further information

Canon Canon in B flat for 6 Voices, Mozart K 231

Ternary (A B Lágrima Francisco Tarrega For solo A) classical guitar

Verse and Don’t Bring Me Down (Electric Light chorus Orchestra)

Middle 8 All I Have to Do is Dream (The Everly 0.49–1.08 Brothers)

Theme and Handel Variations Brahms variation

Cadenza Piano Concerto no. 4 in G Beethoven Cadenzas major, op. 58 occur in movement 1 and movement 3

Imitation Leonore overture no. 1, op. Beethoven c. 1.53–2.14 138

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Unit 10 National 4 TIMBRE/DYNAMICS concepts

Concept Piece title Composer Time code/further (Performer) information

Brass band Abide With Me (Grimethorpe Colliery Band)

Wind band Aviators March Souza

Violin Young Person’s Guide to Britten the Orchestra, op. 34, Variation E, ‘Violins’

Cello Cello Suite no. 1 in G, J. S. Bach BWV 1007

Double bass ‘The Elephant’ from Saint-Saëns Carnival of the Animals

Harp Suite for Harp, op. 83, Britten movement 4, ‘Fugue’

Flute Flute Sonata in A minor J. S. Bach

Clarinet Concerto for Clarinet Artie Shaw

Saxophone Parker’s Mood Charlie Parker

Panpipes The Light of Experience Traditional

Recorder Concerto in C Major, RV Vivaldi 443 for sopranino recorder

Trumpet Trumpet Concerto in E Haydn flat major

Trombone Sequenza v Berio

Timpani Concerto Fantasy for Two Glass Timpanists and Orchestra

Snare drum Bolero Ravel Snare drum is continuous throughout the piece

Bass drum Bass Drum Concerto Gabriel Prokofiev (Princeton Symphony Orchestra)

Cymbals ‘1812 overture’ Tchaikovsky

13 Concept Piece title Composer Time code/further (Performer) information

Triangle Waltz from Swan Lake, Tchaikovsky Triangle is played op. 20 at various places in the waltz

Tambourine Cast No Shadow (Oasis) 0.12–end of song

Güiro La Clave, Maraca y Guiro Chico Alvarez (from the album Putumayo)

Xylophone The Golden Age of the Arranged by F. E. Xylophone Werle and R. Eyles

Glockenspiel Incantations part 3 (from Mike Oldfield 1.45–8.07 and the album, Incantations) 12.18–16.52

Harpsichord Suite no. 4 in D minor, Handel HWV 437

Bass guitar The Invisible Man (Queen) Bass guitar riff used throughout the track

Distortion Summer of ’69 (Bryan Adams) Electric guitar distortion used throughout the track

Muted All Blues Miles Davis Muted trumpet

Soprano Pie Jesu from Requiem, Fauré (voice) K626

Alto (voice) Daphne R. Strauss

Tenor Nessun Dorma from the Puccini (Luciano (voice) opera Turandot Pavarotti)

Bass (voice) ‘Mie piante correte’ from Handel Apollo e Dafne

Backing Let’s Twist Again (Chubby Checker) vocals

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Unit 11 National 3 STYLE concepts

Concept Piece Title Composer (Performer) Blues All Blues (Miles Davis)

Pop We Found Love (Rihanna)

Jazz I Got Rhythm George Gershwin

Latin American Brazil Antonio Carlos Jobim

Musical Cats Andrew Lloyd Webber Rock Sweet Child O’ Mine (Guns N’ Roses)

Rock and roll Johnny B Goode (Chuck Berry)

Scottish The Dark Island David Silver

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Unit 12 National 3 MELODY/HARMONY concepts

Concept Piece title Composer Time code/further (Performer) information

Ascending Betrayal & Desolation James 5.23–5.37 (from the soundtrack from Horner the movie, Braveheart)

Descending Daydream in Blue (I Monster) Descending bass line throughout

Step Satin Doll Johnny Stepwise melody (stepwise) Mercer, Billy Strayhorn and Duke Ellington

Leap Rolling in the Deep (Adele) Leaping melody (leaping)

Repetition String Quartet no. 2, Borodin Main theme repeated movement 3, Nocturne throughout

Sequence The Arrival of the Queen Handel Sequence occurs in several of Sheba places in the piece, mainly in the strings, but also in woodwind at c. 1.40–1.51

Question and Symphony no. 94 (the Haydn Opening 7 seconds or so answer ‘Surprise’), movement 2, are a question and answer Andante phrase which is repeated and developed throughout the movement

Improvisation Angel Chris 04.33–05.00 (electric Hinze guitar) and 05.21–06.20 (flute)

Chord Overture from The Barber Rossini Orchestral chords of Seville throughout

Discord Sacrificial Dance from The Stravinsky Rite of Spring

Chord change The Boys Are Back in (Thin Lizzy) Electric guitar chord Town changes occur clearly in the song’s verses

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Unit 13 National 3 RHYTHM/TEMPO concepts

Concept Piece title Composer Time code/further (Performer) information

Accent/accented Symphony no. 5, Beethoven Accented chords movement 1 occur at the start and periodically throughout the movement

Beat/pulse Slavonic Dance in C Dvořák Strong beat/pulse major, op. 46, no. 1

Beat/pulse Symphony no. 5 in C Mahler Subtle beat/pulse sharp minor, movement 4

2 beats in the ‘Boisterous Bourée’ from Britten bar Simple Symphony

3 beats in the Carrilon from Bizet bar L’Arlésienne, Suite No. 1

4 beats in the Bad Moon Rising John C. Fogerty bar (Creedence Clearwater Revival)

On the beat Smoke on the Water Deep Purple

Off the beat True (Spandau Ballet) Accompanying guitar chords are off the beat

Repetition Rebel Rebel (David Bowie)

Slower Asturias from ‘Iberia Isaac Albeniz Middle section of Suite’ the piece (B) is slower than the first and last sections (A). This is ternary form with a coda at the end

Faster Praeludio from Lute Suite J. S. Bach Second part of the no. 1, BWV 996 overture is faster than the first

Pause Symphony no. 5, Beethoven c. 1.30 movement 1

March The Black Bear Scottish traditional

17 Concept Piece title Composer Time code/further (Performer) information

Reel The Dashing White Scottish Sergeant traditional

Waltz Ye Banks and Braes Robert Burns

Drum fill Space Oddity (David Bowie)

Adagio Adagio for Strings Barber

Allegro Violin Concerto in B Elgar minor, op. 61, movement 1

18

Unit 14 National 3 TEXTURE/STRUCTURE/FORM concepts

Concept Piece title Composer Time code/further (Performer) information

Unison All my Loving (The Beatles) Unison vocals

Octave Bolero in C major, op. 19 Chopin 3 opening piano chords are in unison octaves

Harmony/chord Concierto de Aranjuez, Rodrigo This movement movement 2, Adagio contains chord harmony on strummed classical guitar

Solo Hungarian Rhapsody no. Liszt Solo piano 2

Accompanied Imagine (John Lennon) Voice accompanied by piano

Unaccompanied Recuerdos de la Francisco Unaccompanied Alhambra Tarréga classical guitar (John Williams)

Repetition Farandole from Bizet Phrases and musical L’Arlésienne, Suite no. 2 themes are repeated throughout

Ostinato Chasing Cars (Snow Patrol) Instrumental ostinato from start of song

Riff Walk This Way Steven Tyler Opening electric guitar and Joe Perry riff (Aerosmith)

Round Frère Jacques Traditional

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Unit 15 National 3 TIMBRE/DYNAMICS concepts

Concept Piece title Composer Time code (Performer)

Striking/hitting Timpani Concerto William Kraft

Blowing Fanfare for the Common Copland Man

Bowing Octet for Strings in E flat Mendelssohn For 4 violins, 2 major, op. 20 violas and 2 cellos

Strumming Wonderwall (Oasis) Strummed guitar intro and throughout song

Plucking Dueling Banjos Arthur Smith Acoustic guitar and banjo

Accordion New Rigged Ship Traditional

Fiddle The Wedding Day Jig Traditional Irish

Bagpipes Muir of Ord Traditional

Acoustic guitar Angie Bert Jansch

Electric guitar Arpeggios from Hell Yngwie Malmsteen

Piano Minute Waltz, op. 64, no. Chopin 1

Organ Toccata and Fugue in D J. S. Bach minor, BWV 565

Drum kit Silver Joolz Gianni

Steel band ‘Hotel California’ Steel Band Cuba

Scottish dance Bloxham Polka (The Barn Dance band Band)

Folk group The Raggle Taggle Gipsy Traditional Arany Zoltan (The Corrs and The Chieftans)

Voice North Star Philip Glass

Choir Requiem, K 626 Mozart

20 Concept Piece title Composer Time code (Performer)

Staccato Overture to William Tell Rossini

Legato Dreaming, from Scenes Schumann from Childhood

Orchestra Night on Bald Mountain Mussorgsky (strings, brass, woodwind, percussion)

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