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Sistema Político Rep. Islámica De Irán BIBLIOTECA DEL CONGRESO NACIONAL DE CHILE DEPARTAMENTO DE ESTUDIOS, EXTENSIÓN Y PUBLICACIONES / 23 DE Agosto DE 2017 ASESORÍA TÉCNICA PARLAMENTARIA Sistema político de la República Islámica de Irán En 1979 se lleva a cabo la Revolución de Irán , encabezada por Ruhollah al-Musawi al- Jomein, popularmente conocido como ayatollah Khomeini, poniendo fin a la monarquía del Sha Reza Pahlevi. A diferencia de otras Está enfocada en apoyar preferentemente el revoluciones con carcterísticas trabajo de las Comisiones Legislativas de independendistas o socialistas, el ambas Cámaras, con especial atención al seguimiento de los proyectos de ley. Con lo movimiento revolucionario iraní cual se pretende contribuir a la certeza es de índole religiosa, basada en legislativa y a disminuir la brecha de la versión chií del Islam. disponibilidad de información y análisis entre Legislativo y Ejecutivo. La República Islámica del Irán instaura su sistema político y social, siguiendo la doctrina Contacto E-mail: [email protected] islámica chií. Tel.: (56)32-226 3168 (Valpo Jana Abujatum S. Periodista E-mail: [email protected] Tel.:(56)2-2 270 1839 (Stgo.) (56)32-226 3173 (Valpo.) BIBLIOTECA DEL CONGR ESO NACIONAL DE CHIL E| SSP 2646 2 Introducción años. La Asamblea se reúne cada seis meses para deliberar Las funciones de la Asamblea, definidas El documento presenta los principales órganos de por la Constitución iraní, son, poder de la república Islámica del Irán esencialmente, la elección del líder I.- Órganos ejecutivos y legislativos de supremo, destituir al líder en caso de que Irán fuese incapaz de cumplir sus obligaciones constitucionales y supervisar la idoneidad La República Islámica del Irán tras la del líder en el desempaño de sus funciones. Revolución de 1979 Irán cuenta con órganos de poder electivos y no electivos. Asamblea Consultiva : La Asamblea Consultiva Islámica o Majlis, Entre los poderes que son elegidos por es el órgano legislativo. El actuali período votación están la Presidencia, el Parlamento legislativo está encabezado por Kazem Jalali y la Asamblea de Expertos. y el Director de Relaciones Públicas e Internacionales es Mahdi Mahdavian Sadr. Por otra parte, el Consejo de Guardianes, Consejo de Discernimiento y Consejo de La Majlis tiene entre sus funciones, el Seguridad Nacional son los cuerpos aprobar la composición del Gabinete colegiados no electivos, pero que participan Ministerial de Gobierno. en la toma de decisiones fundamentales del El nuevo gabinete ministerial del Presidente país. Rouhaní, aprobado el 20 de agosto de 2017, tiene la siguiente composición: Presidencia: En la actualidad, el cargo de Presidente lo Mohammad Javad Azari Jahromi en el encabeza Hasán Rouhaní (segundo mandato Ministerio de Información y Comunicaciones tras ser reelecto). Rouhaní es un destacado Tecnológicas; Dr Ali Rabiei, Ministro del abogado, polítologo, diplomático y religioso Trabajo, Cooperativas y Asuntos Sociales; del ala moderada. El cargo de Presidente se Dr Abbas Ahmad Akhoundi Ministerio de puede ejercer solo por dos mandatos Transporte y Urbanismo; Brig. Gen. Amir seguidos, cada mandato dura 4 años. Hatami es el Ministro De Defensa y Logística de las Fuerzas Armadas; Sayyid Mohammad Bathaei a Ministerio de Guía Supremo: Educación; Dr Sayyid Alireza Avaei, El Guía Supremo, un cargo equivalente a Ministerio de Justicia ; Dr Mohammad Jefe de Estado, es el Ayatola Alí Jamenei Shariatmadari , Ministro de Insutria, quien cumple las funciones de Guía Minería y Negocios; Dr Abdolreza Rahmani Espiritual y que representa la legitimidad Fazli , Ministro del Interior; Dr Masoud religiosa del sistema y la supremacía del Soltanifar , Ministerio de Juventud y estamento clerical por sobre la política. Deportes; , Mr Mahmoud Hojjati Najafabadi Cuenta con atribuciones para participar en , Ministerio de Agricultura; Dr Sayyid Abbas la toma de decisiones respecto a temas de Saleh Shariati, Ministerio de Cultura y de seguridad, defensa y política exterior. Guía Islámica; Dr Mohammad Javad Zarif El órgano encargado de nombrar al Guía Khansri, Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores; Supremo es la Asamblea de Expertos Hojatoleslam Val-Moslemin Dr Sayyid Mahmoud Alavi, Ministerio de Inteligencia; Bijan Namdar Zanganeh , Ministerio del Asamblea de Expertos: Petróleo; Dr Masoud Karbasian , Ministerio La Asamblea de Expertos es un órgano de de Asuntos Económicos y de Finanzas; Dr 88 eruditos en leyes islámicas. Los Sayyid Hassan Qazizadeh Hashemi , miembros de la Asamblea son elegidos por Ministerio de Salud. votación directa y por periodos de ocho BIBLIOTECA DEL CONGR ESO NACIONAL DE CHIL E| SSP 2646 3 Consejo de Guardianes : Enciclopedia Británica. Biografía de Hasán Rouhani. Revisada en agosto 2017. El Consejo de Guardianes es la segunda Disponible en: institución más poderosa del sistema, y por https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hass mandato emanado de la Constitución, ejerce an-Rouhani tres funciones básicas: ratificar todas las leyes emanadas del Parlamento; interpretación y control constitucional; Enciclopedia Británica. Iran-Government supervisión de todos los procesos and Society . Revisada en agosto 2017. electorales del país, junto con la revisión y Disponible en: ratificación de nombramientos de https://www.britannica.com/place/Iran/Gove candidatos a los organismos de poder. rnment-and-society Conformada por doce miembros –de los cuales seis deben ser juristas religiosos Iran Data Portal. The Guardian Council . designados por el Líder y seis por el Consejo Revisada en agosto 2017. Disponible en: Supremo de Justicia a propuesta del http://irandataportal.syr.edu/the-guardian- Parlamento–, este consejo representa junto council al Guía Supremo la supremacía del poder clerical sobre el sistema político. La presidencia del Consejo de Guardianes es Iran Online. Expediency Discernment ejercida desde su creación y de manera Council of the System . Revisada en agosto ininterrumpida por el ayatollah Ahmad 2017. Disponible en: Yannati, uno de los personajes políticos más http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran- poderosos del sistema iraní. info/government/Expediency.html Consejo de Discernimiento: Iran Online. The Supreme National Security Council . Revisada en agosto 2017. Este Consejo de Discernimiento, instituido Disponible en: por el ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini en 1988, http://www.iranonline.com/iran/iran- tiene como función el discernir la info/government/Supreme-National- conveniencia del sistema y del estado Security-Council.html cuando hay discrepancias insalvables entre la Asamblea y el Consejo de Guardianes en torno a una ley. Este cuerpo colegiado tiene Research Center. Islamic Research Center en la actualidad 36 integrantes, incluyendo Of The Islamic Republic of Iran . Revisado en a miembros permanentes y no permanentes, agosto 2017. Disponible en: incluyendo a los jefes de los tres poderes y http://rc.majlis.ir/en seis miembros del Consejo de Guardianes, y entre los no permanentes, miembros United States Institute of Peace. The ocasionales de acuerdo al tema que se trate, Assembly of Experts . Revisado en agosto como los ministros y representantes de las 2017. Disponible en: diferentes facciones políticas del sistema, http://iranprimer.usip.org/resource/assembl expresidentes y exministros. y-experts Consejo de Seguridad Nacional El Consejo de Seguridad Nacional, es el encargado de la discusión de las políticas de seguridad y defensa nacional, lo que incluye, entre otras cosas, la defensa del desarrollo del programa nuclear iraní. Referencias: BIBLIOTECA DEL CONGR ESO NACIONAL DE CHIL E| SSP 2646 4 .
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