AND IMMUNITY VOLUME 55 * JANUARY 1987 NUMBER 1 J. W. Shands, Jr., Editor in Chief Dexter H. Howard, Editor (1991) (1989) University of California University of Florida, Gainesville Peter F. Bonventre, Editor (1989) Los Angeles, Calif. Phillip J. Baker, Editor (1990) University of Cincinnati Stephen H. Leppla, Editor (1991) National Institute ofAllergy and Cincinnati, Ohio U.S. Army Medical Research Institute Infectious Diseases Roy Curtiss III, Editor (1990) of Infectious Diseases Bethesda, Md. Washington University Frederick, Md. Edwin H. Beachey, Editor (1988) St. Louis, Mo. Stephan E. Mergenhagen, Editor (1989) VA Medical Center National Institute ofDental Research Memphis, Tenn. Bethesda, Md. EDITORIAL BOARD Julia Albright (1989) Stanley Falkow (1988) Paul Kolenbrander (1989) Dwayne C. Savage (1987) Leonard C. Altman (1989) Joseph Ferretti (1989) Maurice J. Lefford (1987) Charles F. Schachtele (1988) Michael A. Apicella (1988) John R. Finerty (1987) F. Y. 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Akamatsu, Yuzuru, 57 George, W. L., 198 Manclark, Charles R., 24 Sinsky, Richard J., 217 Amano, Fumio, 57 Glasser, Lewis, 135 Mayrand, Denis, 111 Sminia, Taede, 253 Austin, Faye E., 240 Goldman, William E., 29 Mazigh, Daniel, 277 Sordelli, Daniel O., 99 G6mez-Miguel, Marfa J., 258 McCormack, Jeffrey M., 233 Stewart, Scott, 93 Baldini, Mary M., 78 Gotschlich, Emil C., 141 McNeish, Alexander S., 69, Stiles, Bradley G., 118 Baseman, Joel B., 49 Grenier, Daniel, 111 78, 86 Stimpson, Stephen A., 16 Bellanti, Joseph A., 99 Grubbs, Barry, 223 Michael, Rodney A., 227 Straus, David C., 1, 44 Bessen, Debra, 141 Mollaret, Henri H., 277 Stull, Terrence L., 148 Beuvery, E. Coen, 253 Haapasalo, Markus, 201 Moriy6n, Ignacio, 258 Suttorp, Norbert, 104 Bhakdi, Sucharit, 104, 206 Hall, Nancy K., 233 Morris Hooke, Anne, 99 Blackstock, Rebecca, 233 Harada, Kazuhiro, 57 Morrison-Plummer, Janice, 49 Takada, Haruhiko, 57 Bosmans, Roger, 245 Harboe, Morten, 245 Muhly, Marion, 206 Takahashi, Ichiro, 57 Bree, Annie, 193 Hasegawa, Akira, 57 Muller, E. L., 198 Tam, Milton, 273 Britt, Lorene A., 227 Hasegawa, Koji, 263 Tamura, Toshihide, 57 Brown, Douglas R., 154 Hewlett, Erik L., 217 Newhall, Wilbert J., V, 162 Tanaka, Shigenori, 57 Brown, Jacqueline G., 1 Ng, M. H., 211 Taylor, Hugh, 93 Burns, Drusilla L., 24 Nishijima, Masahiro, 57 Tsang, Raymond S. W., 211 Jarvis, Gary A., 174 Nyabenda, Jean, 245 Jeurissen, Suzan H. M., 253 Tsujimoto, Masachika, 57 Caldwell, Harlan D., 93 Johnson, Shirley, 93 Turco, Jenifer, 240 Carniel, Elisabeth, 277 Ogawa, Tomohiko, 57 Turneer, Mireille, 245 Cerquetti, M. Cristina, 99 Joiner, Keith, 273 Ohta, Hiroyuki, 169 Judd, Ralph C., 273 Okamura, Haruki, 57 Chan, K. H., 211 Jungery, Michele, 187 Udezulu, Ifeanyi A., 181 Chau, P. Y., 211 Oliver, James D., 269 Uitto, Veli-Jukka, 201 Clark, Richard L., 16 Ota, Fusao, 266 Cleland, David R., 16 Kaper, James B., 78 Van Vooren, Jean-Paul, 245 Kato, Hirohisa, 266 Parker, Charlotte D., 154 Cox, Rebecca A., 227 Parrisius, Jurgen, 206 Vedros, Neylan A., 174 Cromartie, William J., 16 Kato, Keijiro, 169 Veit, Hugo P., 217 Kenimer, James G., 24 Peene, Sandra S., 123 Pitt, H. A., 198 Veit, Sandra P., 217 De Bruyn, Jacqueline, 245 Kiso, Makoto, 57 Knutton, Stuart, 69, 78, 86 Popoff, Michel R., 35 D'Hauteville, Helene M., 193 Pritchard, Todd J., 123 Walker, David H., 7 Dho, Maryvonne, 193 Kodama, Takao, 169 Wan, K. C., 211 Kokeguchi, Susumu, 169 Rodriguez, Mario H., 187 Wang, Jia G., 7 Eerola, Erkki, 201 Kornegay, Ervin T., 217 Roka, Ladislaus, 104 Watanabe, Tsuguo, 263 Eissenberg, Linda Groppe, 29 Kotani, Shozo, 57 Roop, R. Martin, II, 217 Weckx, Maurice, 245 Kuller, Gabriele, 206 White, Virginia K., 269 Falmagne, Paul, 245 Kusumoto, Shoichi, 57 Sansonetti, Philippe J., 193 Wiker, Harald G., 245 Feng, Hui M., 7 Schachter, Julius, 223 Wilkins, Tracy D., 118 Fiederlein, Roger L., 135 Lafont, Jean-Pierre, 193 Schlecht, Siegfried, 211 Williams, Dwight M., 223 Fives-Taylor, Paula M., 123 Larjava, Hannu, 201 Schwab, John H., 16 Winkler, Herbert H., 240 Friedman, Richard L., 129, Lazzell, Anna, 49 Seeger, Werner, 104 135 Leitch, Gordon J., 181 Seibert, Gerhard, 206 Yamamoto, Michiharu, 57 Fromm, Susanne, 206 Lerch, Robert A., 16 Shiba, Tetsuo, 57 Yarnall, David P., 16 Fukui, Kazuhiro, 169 Lloyd, David R., 69, 86 Shibata, Ken-ichiro, 263 Fukui, Komei, 266 L6pez, Jose, 258 Shimamoto, Tatsuya, 169 Zane, Sandra F., 269 Simpson, Lance L., 118 Zepeda, Hector H., 118 Galgiani, John N., 135 Macrina, Francis L., 123 Simpson, Linda M., 269 Zucker-Reimann, Joachim, 104 INFECTION AND IMMUNITY, Jan. 1987 INFECTION AND IMMUNITY INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS HOW TO SUBMIT MANUSCRIPTS of original research results, (ii) in a form whereby Submit manuscripts directly to the ASM Publications peers of the author can repeat the experiments and test Department, 1913 I St., N.W., Washington, DC 20006. the conclusions, and (iii) in a journal or other source Since all submissions must be processed through this document [emphasis added] readily available within office, alternate routings, such as to an editor, will the scientific community." delay initiation ofthe review process. 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Choose references carefully figures and tables. to provide the most salient background rather than an exhaustive review of the topic. Discussion. The Discussion should provide an inter- IV INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS pretation of the results in relation to previously pub- 4. Gill, T. J., III. 1976. Principles of radioimmunoassay, p. lished work and to the experimental system at hand 169-171. In N. R. Rose and H. Friedman (ed.), Manual of and should not contain extensive repetition of the clinical immunology, 1st ed. American Society for In Microbiology, Washington, D.C. Results section or reiteration of the introduction. 5. Leadbetter, E. R. 1974. Order II. Cytophagales nomen short papers, the Results and Discussion sections may novum, p. 99. In R. E. Buchanan and N. E. Gibbons be combined. (ed.), Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, 8th ed. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore. Acknowledgments. Acknowledgments of financial 6. Miller, J. H. 1972. Experiments in molecular genetics, p. assistance and of personal assistance are given in 352-355. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring separate paragraphs. The usual format for acknowl- Harbor, N.Y. edgment of grant support is as follows: "This work 7. Sacks, L. E. 1972. Influence of intra- and extracellular was supported by Public Health Service grant cations on the germination ofbacterial spores, p. 437-442. CA-01234 from the National Cancer Institute." In H. 0. Halvorson, R. Hanson, and L. L. Campbell (ed.), Spores V. American Society for Microbiology, Appendixes. Appendixes, which contain supplemen- Washington, D.C. tary material to aid the reader, are permitted. Titles, authors, and Literature Cited sections that are distinct Parenthetical references in the text should be cited from those of the primary article are not allowed. If it as follows: is not feasible to list the author(s) of the appendix in ... and protects the organisms against oxygen toxic- the by-line or the Acknowledgment section of the ity (H. P. Misra and I. Fridovich, Fed. Proc. 35:1686, primary article, rewrite the appendix so that it can be 1976). considered for publication as an independent article, . . . system was used (W. E. Scowcroft, A. H. either full length or Note style. Equations, tables, and Gibson, and J. D. Pagan, Biochem. Biophys. Res. "A" Commun., in press). figures should be labeled with the letter preceding ... in linkage group XIV (R. D. Smyth, Ph.D. thesis, the numeral to distinguish them from those cited in the University of California, Los Angeles, 1972). main body of the text. ... in poly miitochondria (S. E. Mainzer and C. W. Literature Cited. The Literature Cited section must Slayman, Abstr. Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. 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The Literature Cited section is identical to and chemical characterization of the heat-stable entero- that of full-length papers. toxin produced by porcine strains of" enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun. 19:1021-1030. 2. Berry, L. J., R. N. Moore, K. J. Goodrum, and R. E. Minireviews Couch, Jr. 1977. Cellular requirements for enzyme inhi- Minireviews are brief summaries (limit of six printed bition by endotoxin in mice, p. 321-325. In D. Schlessin- ger (ed.), Microbiology-1977. American Society for pages) of developments in fast-moving areas. They Microbiology, Washington, D.C. must be based on previously published articles: they 3. Finegold, S. M., W. E. Shepherd, and E. H. Spaulding. may address any subject within the scope of IAI. 1977. Cumitech 5, Practical anaerobic bacteriology. Co- Minireviews may be either solicited or proffered by ordinating ed., W. E. Shepherd. American Society for authors responding to a recognized need. 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Errata printing color photographs must be borne by the The Erratum section provides a means of correcting author. errors (e.g., typographical) in published articles. Changes in data and the addition of new material are Drawings not permitted. Send errata directly to the Publications Submit graphs, charts, diagrams, and other drawings Department. as glossy photographs made from finished drawings not requiring additional artwork or typesetting. No part of Author's Corrections the graph or drawing should be typewritten or hand The Author's Correction section provides a means lettered. Use a lettering set or other professional- of adding citations that were overlooked in a published quality device for all labeling. Both axes of graphs article. The author who failed to cite a reference and must be labeled. Most graphs will be reduced to the author whose paper was not cited must agree to one-column width (35/16 inches), and all elements in such a publication; the editor, editor in chief, chairman the drawing should be large enough to withstand this of the Publications Board, and director of publications reduction. Avoid heavy letters, which tend to close up will not be involved. Letters from both authors must when reduced, and unusual symbols, which the printer accompany the author's correction sent to the Publi- may not be able to reproduce in the legend. One of the cations Department. two sets of drawings may consist of photocopies; the other, however, must consist of photographs. Disclaimers In figure ordinate and abscissa scales (as well as in Statements disclaiming governmental or any other table column headings), avoid ambiguous use of num- type of endorsement or approval will be deleted by the bers with exponents. Usually, it is preferable to use Publications Department. the International System of Units (p for 10-6, m for 10-3, k for 103, M for 106, etc.). A complete listing of SI symbols can be found in the International Union of ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) "Manual of Continuous-Tone Photographs Symbols and Terminology for Physicochemical Quan- tities and Units" (Pure Appl. Chem. 21:3-44, 1970). The figure number and authors' names should be Thus, a representation of 20,000 cpm on a figure written on all figures, either in the margin or on the ordinate is to be made by the number 20, accompanied back (marked lightly with a soft pencil). For micro- by a label kcpm. graphs especially, the top should be indicated as well. When powers of 10 must be used, the journal Do not clasp figures to each other or to the manu- suggests that the exponent power be associated with script with paper clips. Insert small figures in an the number shown. In representing 20,000 cells per ml, envelope if necessary. the numeral on the ordinate would be "2" and the When submitting continuous-tone photographs label would be "104 cells per ml" (not "cells per ml x (e.g., polyacrylamide gels), keep in mind the journal 10-4'"). Likewise, an enzyme activity of 0.06 U/ml page size: 35/16 inches for a single column and 6I/8 would be shown as 6, accompanied by the label 10-2 inches for a double column (maximum). Include only U/ml. The preferred designation would be 60 mU/ml the significant portion of the illustration. Each must be labeled as mU (or milliunits) ml. of sufficient contrast to withstand the inevitable loss of per contrast and detail inherent in the printing process. Figure Legends Submit one photograph of each continuous-tone figure Legends should provide enough information so that for each copy of the manuscript; photocopies are not the figure is understandable without frequent reference acceptable. If possible, the figures submitted should be to the text. However, detailed experimental methods the size they will appear when published so that no must be described in the Materials and Methods reduction is needed. If they must be reduced, make section, not in a figure legend. A method that is unique sure that all elements, including labeling, can with- to one of several experiments may be reported in a stand reduction and remain legible. If a figure is a legend only if the discussion is very brief (one or two composite of a continuous-tone photograph and a sentences). Define all symbols and abbreviations used drawing or labeling, the tone should be mounted on the in the figure that have not been defined elsewhere. original drawing (i.e., do not submit a photograph of the composite). Tables Electron and light micrographs must be direct cop- Type each table on a separate page. Arrange the ies of the original negative. Indicate the magnification data so that columns of like material read down, not with a scale marker on each micrograph. across. The headings should be sufficiently clear so that the meaning of the data will be understandable Color Photographs without reference to the text. See the Abbreviations Color photographs are discouraged. However, if section of these instructions for those that may be used they are necessary, include an extra copy so that a in tables. Explanatory footnotes are acceptable, but cost estimate for printing may be obtained. The cost of more extensive table "legends" are not. Footnotes Vi INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS should not include detailed descriptions of the exper- Drugs iment. A well-constructed table is shown below. Chemical or generic names of drugs should be used; the use of code numbers or trade names is not permit- ted. TABLE 1. Trapping of previously perfused piliated S. typhimurium by mouse livers % Recovery ina: Total Nomenclature of Microorganisms Bacteria Liver Perfusate recovery Binary names, consisting of a generic name and a specific epithet (e.g., Escherichia coli), should be used Control 60.1 ± 11.2 46.2 ± 10.5 106.2 ± 8.7 Previously 39.4 ± 8.4b 66.2 ± 9.5b 105.6 ± 10.3 for all microorganisms. Names of higher categories perfused may be used alone, but specific and subspecific epi- thets may not. A specific epithet must be preceded by a Mean ± standard deviation of at least seven experiments. b p < 0.001 versus control by the White rank order method (21). a generic name the first time it is used in a paper. Thereafter, the generic name should be abbreviated to the initial capital letter (e.g., E. coli), provided there can be no confusion with other genera used in the Camera-Ready Copy paper. Names of all taxa (phyla [for fungi, divisions], Drawings, tables, chemical formulas, etc., that can classes, orders, families, genera, species, and subspe- be photographically reproduced for publication with- cies) are printed in italics and should be underlined in out further typesetting or artwork are referred to as the manuscript; strain designations and numbers are ''camera ready." Such copy may also be prepared for not. complicated mathematical or physical formulas, por- The spelling of bacterial names should follow the tions of genetic maps, diagrams, and flow schemes. It Approved Lists ofBacterial Names (American Society should not be hand lettered. Camera-ready copy must for Microbiology, 1980) and the subsequent validation be carefully prepared to conform to the style of IAI. The lists and relevant articles published in the Interna- advantage in submitting camera-ready copy is that the tional Journal of Systematic Bacteriology since 1980. material will appear exactly as envisioned by the If there is reason to use a name that does not have author, and no second proofreading is necessary. This standing in nomenclature, the name should be en- is particularly advantageous when there are long, closed in quotation marks and an appropriate state- complicated tables and when the division of material ment concerning the nomenclatural status of the name and spacing are important. should be made in the text (for an example, see Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:547-556, 1980). NOMENCLATURE It is recommended that a strain be deposited in a recognized culture collection when that strain is nec- Chemical and Biochemical Nomenclature essary for the description of a new taxon (see Bacte- The recognized authority for the names of chemical riological Code, 1975 Revision, American Society for compounds is Chemical Abstracts (Chemical Abstract Microbiology, 1975). Service, Ohio State University, Columbus) and its Since the classification of fungi is not complete, it is indexes. For biochemical terminology, including ab- the responsibility of the author to determine the ac- breviations and symbols, consult the following: Bio- cepted binomial for a given yeast or mold. Some chemical Nomenclature and Related Documents sources for the spelling of these names include The (1978; reprinted for The Biochemical Society, Lon- Yeasts: a Taxonomic Study (3rd ed., N. J. W. Kreger- don), instructions to authors of the Journal ofBiolog- van Rij, ed., Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1984) ical Chemistry and the Archives of Biochemistry and and Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi, Biophysics (first issues of each year), and the Hand- Including the Lichens, 6th ed. (Commonwealth Myco- book of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (G. D. logical Institute, Kew, Surrey, England, 1971). Fasman, ed., CRC Press, Inc., 3rd ed., 1976). Microorganisms, viruses, and plasmids should be Do not express molecular weight in daltons; molec- of letters and serial num- ular weight is a unitless ratio. Molecular mass is given designations consisting expressed in daltons. bers. It is generally advisable to include a worker's For enzymes, use the recommended (trivial) name initials or a descriptive symbol of locale, laboratory, assigned by the Nomenclature Committee of the In- etc., in the designation. Each new strain, mutant, ternational Union of Biochemistry as described in isolate, or derivative should be given a new (serial) Enzyme Nomenclature (Academic Press, Inc., 1984). designation. This designation should be distinct from If a nonrecommended name is used, place the proper those of the genotype and phenotype, and genotypic (trivial) name in parentheses at first use in the abstract and phenotypic symbols should not be included. and text. Use the EC number when one has been A registry of plasmid designations is maintained by assigned, and express enzyme activity either in katals the Plasmid Reference Center, Department of Medical (preferred) or in the older system of micromoles per Microbiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA minute. 94305. INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS .ii

Genetic Nomenclature of origin, or occupation unless the relevance of this Bacteria. The genetic properties of bacteria are information is readily apparent or demonstrated in the described in terms of phenotypes and genotypes. The text. phenotype designation describes the observable prop- erties of an organism. The genotype refers to the Verb Tense genetic constitution of an organism, usually in refer- Use the past tense to narrate particular events in the ence to some standard wild type. Use the recommen- past, including the procedures, observations, and data dations of Demerec et al. (Genetics 54:61-76, 1966) as of the study you are reporting. Use the present tense a guide to the use of these terms. If your manuscript for general statements, including your own general contains information including genetic nomenclature, conclusions, the conclusions of previous researchers, please refer to the Instructions to Authors in the Janu- and generally accepted facts. In addition, the present ary issue of the . tense should be used for discourse having an immedi- ate effect on the reader ("the data indicate"; "Fig. 1 "Mutant" vs. "mutation." Keep in mind the distinc- shows"). tion between a mutation (an alteration of the primary sequence of the genetic material) and a mutant (a Abbreviations strain carrying one or more mutations). One may General. It is strongly recommended that all abbre- speak about the mapping of a mutation, but one cannot viations except those listed below be introduced in the map a mutant. Likewise, a mutant has no genetic first paragraph in Materials and Methods. Alterna- locus, only a phenotype. tively, define each abbreviation and introduce it in parentheses the first time it is used; e.g., "cultures Transposable elements, plasmids, and restriction en- were grown in Eagle minimal essential medium zymes. Nomenclature of transposable elements (inser- (MEM)." Generally, eliminate abbreviations that are tion sequences, transposons, phage Mu, etc.) should not used at least five times in the text (including tables follow the recommendations of Campbell et al. (Gene and figure legends). Abbreviations should be used 5:197-206, 1979), with the modifications given in sec- primarily as an aid to the reader, rather than as a tion vi. The system of designating transposon inser- convenience to the author, and therefore their use tions at sites where there are no known loci, e.g., should be limited. Abbreviations other than those zef-123::TnS, has been described by Chumley et al. recommended by the IUPAC-IUB (Biochemical No- (Genetics 91:639-655, 1979). Whenever possible, use menclature and Related Documents, 1978) should be the nomenclature recommendations of Novick et al. used only when a case can be made for necessity, such (Bacteriol. Rev. 40:168-189, 1976) for plasmids and as in tables and figures. plasmid-specified activities, of Low (Bacteriol. Rev. It is often possible to use pronouns or to paraphrase 36:587-607, 1972) for F-prime factors, and of Roberts a long word after its first use (e.g., "the drug," "the (Nucleic Acids Res. 9:r75-r96, 1981) for restriction substrate"). Standard chemical symbols and trivial enzymes and DNA fragments derived from treatment names or their symbols (folate, Ala, Leu, etc.) may be with these enzymes. Recombinant DNA molecules, used for terms that appear in full in the neighboring constructed in vitro, follow the nomenclature for in- text. sertions in general. DNA inserted into recombinant DNA molecules should be described by using the gene Not requiring introduction. In addition to abbrevia- symbols and conventions for the organism from which tions for standard units of measurement and chemical the DNA was obtained. The Plasmid Reference Cen- symbols of the elements, the following should be used ter, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, without definition in the title, abstract, text, figure CA 94304, assigns Tn and IS numbers to avoid con- legends, and tables: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid); flicting and repetitive use and also clears nonconflict- cDNA (complementary DNA); RNA (ribonucleic ing plasmid prefix designations. acid); cRNA (complementary RNA); RNase (ribonu- clease); DNase (deoxyribonuclease); rRNA (ribo- ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS somal RNA); mRNA (messenger RNA); tRNA (trans- fer RNA); AMP, ADP, ATP, dAMP, ddATP, GTP, Patient Identification etc. (for the respective 5' phosphates of adenosine or When isolates are derived from patients in clinical other nucleosides) (add 2'-, 3'-, or 5'- when needed for studies, do not identify them by using the patients' contrast); ATPase, dGTPase, etc. (adenosine triphos- initials, even as part of a strain designation. Change phatase, deoxyguanosine triphosphatase, etc.); NAD the initials to arabic numerals or use randomly chosen (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide); NAD+ letters. Do not give hospital unit numbers; if a desig- (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidized); NADH nation is needed, use only the last two digits of the (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced); NADP unit. (Note: Established designations of some viruses (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate); and cell lines, although they consist of initials, are NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phos- acceptable [e.g., JC virus, BK virus, HeLa cells].) phate, reduced); poly(A), poly(dT), etc. (polyadenylic Do not identify patients by race, country or region acid, polydeoxythymidylic acid, etc.); oligo(dT), etc. . .i. INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS (oligodeoxythymidylic acid, etc.); Pi (orthophos- example, "pmol/min" would be preferable to phate); PP, (pyrophosphate); UV (ultraviolet); PFU "nmol/10 min," and ",umol/g" would be preferable to (plaque-forming units); CFU (colony-forming units); "nmol/,ug." It is also preferable that an unambiguous MIC (minimal inhibitory concentration); MBC (mini- form such as exponential notation be used instead of mal bactericidal concentration); Tris [tris(hydroxy- multiple slashes; for example, ",umol g-1 min-m" is methyl)aminomethane]; DEAE (diethylaminoethyl); preferable to ",umol/g per min." A260 (absorbance at 260 nm); and EDTA (ethylene- See the CBE Style Manual, 5th ed., for more de- diaminetetraacetic acid). Abbreviations for cell lines tailed information about reporting numbers. Also con- (e.g., HeLa) also need not be defined. tained in this source is information on the appropriate The following abbreviations should be used without SI units for the reporting of illumination, energy, definition in tables: frequency, pressure, and other physical terms. Always report numerical data in the appropriate SI unit. amt (amount) SD (standard deviation) approx (approximately) SE (standard error) Isotopically Labeled Compounds avg (average) SEM (standard error of the For simple molecules, labeling is indicated in the concn (concentration) mean) diam (diameter) sp act (specific activity) chemical formula (e.g., 14CO2, 3H2O, H235SO4). expt (experiment) sp gr (specific gravity) Brackets are not used when the isotopic symbol is ht (height) temp (temperature) attached to a word which is not a specific chemical mo (month) tr (trace) name (e.g., 1311-labeled protein, '4C-amino acids, 3H- mol wt (molecular vol (volume) ligands, etc.). weight) vs (versus) For specific chemicals, the symbol for the isotope is no. (number) wk (week) placed in square brackets directly preceding the part of prepn (preparation) wt (weight) the name that describes the labeled entity. Note that yr (year) configuration symbols and modifiers precede the iso- topic symbol. The following examples illustrate cor- Reporting Numerical Data rect usage: Standard metric units are used for reporting length, weight, and volume. For these units and for molarity, ['4C]urea UDP-[U-14C]glucose use the prefixes m, ,u, n, and p for lo-, 10-6, 1o-9, L-[methyl-'4C]methionine E. coli [32P]DNA and 10-12, respectively. Likewise, use the prefix k for [2,3-3H]serine fructose 1,6-[1-32P]bisphosphate 103. Avoid compound prefixes such as mR or RRu. Use [a-'4C]lysine [y-32P]ATP pug/ml or ,ug/g in place of the ambiguous ppm. Units of temperature are presented as follows: 37°C or 342 K. This journal follows the same conventions for iso- When fractions are used to express units such as topic labeling as the Journal ofBiological Chemistry, enzymatic activities, it is preferable to use whole and more detailed information can be found in the units, such as g or min, in the denominator instead of instructions to authors of that journal (first issue of fractional or multiple units, such as Rg or 10 min. For each year). 1987 APPLICATION FOR FULL MEMBERSHIP IN THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 1913 1 Street, NW * Washington, D.C. 20006 * (202) 833-9680 COMPLETE ALL INFORMATION REQUESTED AND RETURN FORM WITH REMITTANCE IN U.S. FUNDS Eligibility ASM welcomes to full membership anyone who is interested in its objectives and has a minimum of a bachelor's degree or equivalent in microbiology or a related field. Initiation Memberships are initiated and renewed in January each year. 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