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Tracks of Tropical Cyclones in 2016

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ghi TRACKS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 2016 MINDULLE AUG (), ! " Daily Positions at 00 UTC(08 HKT), KOMPASU OMAIS AUG AUG the number in the symbol represents LIONROCK the date of the month AUG * +, CONSON Intermediate 6-hourly Positions CHANTHU AUG AUG +')% Super Typhoon ')% Severe Typhoon >? LUPIT SONGDA )% Typhoon JUL 3 OCT 9: '(%& Severe Tropical Storm CHABA 3OCT %& Tropical Storm #$ Tropical Depression MALAKAS NAMTHEUN SEP #$, Low Pressure Area SEP LIONROCK (1610) MALOU AUG SEP KOMPASU( 1611) AUG e MEARI * 3WNOV MERANTI SEP NEPARTAK JUL / LUPIT (1602) MALOU (1613) JUL HAIMA SEP NIDA 3 OCT AUG -. ;<= Hong Kong MEGI SARIKA \]^_` SEP MIRINAE 3 OCT T.D. NAMTHEUN (1612) f JUL MAYc MA-ON AUG DIANMU 3WNOV DIANMU (1608) AUG AUG >? SONGDA (1620) \]^_` +, 3 OCT T.D. CHANTHU (1607) AERE (1619) MAYc AUG OMAIS (1605) AERE @F 3 OCT ghi AUG CONSON (1606) 3 OCT TOKAGE MINDULLE (1609) 3WNOV AUG AUG MIRINAE (1603) RAI JUL * SEP MERANTI (1614) 9: f SEP CHABA (1618) MA-ON() 1624 ;<= SEP 3WNOV SARIKA (1621) XY MALAKAS (1616) 3 OCT RAI (1615) NOCK-TEN SEP -. \]^_` SEP 3[ DEC e NIDA (1604) MEGI (1617) T.D. MEARI (1623) JUL SEP DEC3[ 3WNOV \]^_` @F T.D. NEPARTAK(1601) TOKAGE (1625) 3[DEC JUL 3WNOV / HAIMA (1622) XY 3 OCT NOCK-TEN (1626) 3[ DEC 二零一六年熱帶氣旋 TROPICAL CYCLONES IN 2016 2 Ḵ暞ᶨᶫ⸜⋩一㚰↢䇰 Published November 2017 楁㷗⣑㔯⎘䶐墥 楁㷗ḅ漵⻴㔎忻134A Prepared by: Hong Kong Observatory 134A Nathan Road Kowloon, Hong Kong © 䇰㪲㇨㚱ˤ㛒䴻楁㷗⣑㔯⎘⎘攟⎴シ炻ᶵ⼿侣⌘㛔↲䈑ảỽ悐↮ℏ⭡ˤ © Copyright reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the permission of the Director of the Hong Kong Observatory. 㛔↲䈑䘬䶐墥␴䘤堐炻䚖䘬㗗Ὣ忚屯 This publication is prepared and 㕁Ṍ㳩ˤ楁㷗䈡⇍埴㓧⋨㓧⹄(⊭㊔ disseminated in the interest of promoting ℞ₙ⒉⍲ẋ䎮Ṣ)⮵㕤㛔↲䈑㇨庱屯 the exchange of information. The Government of the Hong Kong Special 㕁䘬㸾䡢⿏ˣ⬴㔜⿏ㆾ㓰䓐炻㤪ᶵἄ Administrative Region (including its ↢㖶䡢ㆾ㘿䣢䘬ᾅ嫱ˣ倚㖶ㆾ昛徘烊 servants and agents) makes no warranty, ⛐㱽⼳姙⎗䘬䭬⚵ℏ炻⮵㕤㍸ὃㆾἧ statement or representation, express or 䓐忁ṃ屯㕁侴⎗傥䚜㍍ㆾ攻㍍⺽农 implied, with respect to the accuracy, ảỽ㎵⣙ˣ㎵⢆ㆾ ⭛(⊭㊔㬣ṉ)炻 completeness, or usefulness of the Ṏᶵ屈ảỽ㱽⼳㈧㑼ㆾ屔ả(⊭㊔䔷 information contained herein, and in so far ⾥屔ả)ˤ as permitted by law, shall not have any legal liability or responsibility (including liability for negligence) for any loss, damage, or injury (including death) which may result, whether directly or indirectly, from the supply or use of such information. 551.515.2:551.506.1(512.317) ⮩朊 Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ℓ㚰ᶨ㖍㘂ᶲIJIJ㗪䘬暟忼⚾⁷炻桙桐⥖⥚䚜⼹䲬IJıı℔慴䘬桐䛤㶭㘘⎗夳ˤġ ġ Cover Image of radar echoes at 11 p.m. on 1 August 2016 which clearly shows the eye of Nida with a diameter of about 100 km. 3 䚖抬 ġ 枩ġġ IJįġġ⺽妨ġ ġ IJįIJġ 䅙ⷞ㯋㕳↲䈑䘬㱧朑ġ IJĶġ IJįijġ 䅙ⷞ㯋㕳䫱䳂ġ IJĶġ IJįĴġ 䅙ⷞ㯋㕳␥⎵ġ IJķġ IJįĵġ 屯㕁Ἦ㸸ġ IJķġ IJįĶġ ⸜⟙ℏ⭡ġ IJķġ IJįķġ 楁㷗䘬䅙ⷞ㯋㕳嬎⏲䲣亇ġ IJĸġ ijįġġḴ暞ᶨℕ⸜䅙ⷞ㯋㕳㤪徘ġ ġ ijįIJġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜䘬䅙ⷞ㯋㕳⚆栏ġ ijķġ ijįijġ 㭷㚰㤪徘ġ ijĸġ Ĵįġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⼙枧楁㷗䘬䅙ⷞ㯋㕳ġ ġ ĴįIJġ 䅙ⷞỶ㯋⡻ġ烉Ḽ㚰Ḵ⋩ℕ㖍军Ḵ⋩ᶫ㖍ġ ĵĶġ Ĵįijġ ⻟䁰䅙ⷞ桐㙜戨㱛ĩIJķıĴĪ烉ᶫ㚰Ḵ⋩Ḽ㖍军Ḵ⋩ℓ㖍ġ Ķĵġ ĴįĴġ 桙桐⥖⥚ĩIJķıĵĪ烉ᶫ㚰Ḵ⋩ḅ㖍军ℓ㚰ᶱ㖍ġ ķIJġ Ĵįĵġ 䅙ⷞ桐㙜暣㭵ĩIJķıĹĪ烉ℓ㚰⋩ᶫ㖍军Ḵ⋩㖍ġ Ĺıġ ĴįĶġ 崭⻟桙桐卓嗕吪ĩIJķIJĵĪ烉ḅ㚰⋩㖍军⋩Ḽ㖍ġ ĹĹġ Ĵįķġ ⻟桙桐欶欂ĩIJķIJĸĪ烉ḅ㚰Ḵ⋩Ḵ㖍军Ḵ⋩ḅ㖍ġ ĺĶġ Ĵįĸġ 䅙ⷞ桐㙜刦⇑ĩIJķIJĺĪ烉⋩㚰Ḽ㖍军⋩⚃㖍ġ IJıijġ ĴįĹġ 崭⻟桙桐匶匱▱ĩIJķijIJĪ烉⋩㚰⋩ᶱ㖍军⋩ḅ㖍ġ IJIJIJġ Ĵįĺġ 崭⻟桙桐㴟楔ĩIJķijijĪ烉⋩㚰⋩⚃㖍军Ḵ⋩Ḵ㖍ġ IJijĶġ ĵįġġ䅙ⷞ㯋㕳䴙妰堐ġ IJĵIJġ ĶįġġḴ暞ᶨℕ⸜䅙ⷞ㯋㕳䘬ỵ伖⍲⻟⹎㔠㒂ġ IJĶĺġ 4 CONTENTS page 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Evolution of tropical cyclone publications 18 1.2 Classification of tropical cyclones 18 1.3 Naming of tropical cyclones 19 1.4 Data sources 19 1.5 Content 20 1.6 Hong Kong’s Tropical Cyclone Warning System 20 2. TROPICAL CYCLONE OVERVIEW FOR 2016 2.1 Review of tropical cyclones in 2016 33 2.2 Monthly overview 34 3. TROPICAL CYCLONES AFFECTING HONG KONG IN 2016 3.1 Tropical Depression: 26 – 27 May 46 3.2 Severe Tropical Storm Mirinae (1603): 25 – 28 July 55 3.3 Typhoon Nida (1604): 29 July – 3 August 63 3.4 Tropical Storm Dianmu (1608): 17 – 20 August 81 3.5 Super Typhoon Meranti (1614): 10 – 15 September 89 3.6 Severe Typhoon Megi (1617): 22 – 29 September 96 3.7 Tropical Storm Aere (1619): 5 – 14 October 103 3.8 Super Typhoon Sarika (1621): 13 – 19 October 103 3.9 Super Typhoon Haima (1622): 14 – 22 October 127 4. TROPICAL CYCLONE STATISTICS AND TABLES 142 5. TROPICAL CYCLONE POSITION AND INTENSITY DATA, 2016 160 5 ⚾ġ ġ ġġ 枩ġ ! ⌟椾㍺⚾ĻġḴ暞ᶨℕ⸜⊿⣒⸛㲳大悐⍲⋿㴟⋨➇䘬䅙ⷞ㯋㕳嶗⼹⚾ġ ġġ ġ IJįIJġ ⸜⟙ℏ㍸⍲䘬㷔桐䪁⍲㼖㯸㷔慷䪁ᷳ↮Ự⛘溆ġ ijĶġ ijįIJġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⛐⊿⣒⸛㲳大悐⍲⋿㴟⋨➇䘬䅙ⷞ㯋㕳↢䎦㫉㔠ᷳ㭷㚰↮Ựġ ĵIJġ ijįijġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ḅᾳ⼙枧楁㷗䘬䅙ⷞ㯋㕳䘬嶗⼹⚾ġ ĵIJġ ijįĴġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ḅ㚰⋩ᶱ㖍ᶳ⋰ij㗪崭⻟桙桐卓嗕吪ġĩIJķIJĵĪ䘬⎗夳⃱堃㗇⚾䇯ġ ĵijġ ĴįIJįIJŢġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜Ḽ㚰Ḵ⋩ℕ㖍军Ḵ⋩ᶫ㖍䅙ⷞỶ㯋⡻䘬嶗⼹⚾ġ Ķıġ ĴįIJįIJţġ 䅙ⷞỶ㯋⡻㍍役楁㷗㗪䘬嶗⼹⚾ġ Ķıġ ĴįIJįijġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜Ḽ㚰Ḵ⋩ℕ㖍军Ḵ⋩ᶫ㖍䘬暐慷↮Ựġ ĶIJġ ĴįIJįĴġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜Ḽ㚰Ḵ⋩ᶫ㖍ᶳ⋰Ḵ㗪㬋䘬⎗夳⃱堃㗇⚾䇯ġ Ķijġ ĴįIJįĵġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜Ḽ㚰Ḵ⋩ᶫ㖍ᶳ⋰⋩Ḵ㗪⺧⚃↮䘬暟忼⚾⁷ġ ĶĴġ ĴįijįIJġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ᶫ㚰Ḵ⋩Ḽ㖍军Ḵ⋩ℓ㖍戨㱛ĩIJķıĴĪ䘬嶗⼹⚾ġ ĶĹġ Ĵįijįijġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ᶫ㚰Ḵ⋩ℕ㖍䘬暐慷↮Ựġ ĶĹġ ĴįijįĴġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ᶫ㚰Ḵ⋩ᶫ㖍ᶳ⋰Ķ㗪ⶎ⎛䘬⎗夳⃱堃㗇⚾䇯ġ Ķĺġ Ĵįijįĵġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ᶫ㚰Ḵ⋩ℕ㖍ᶳ⋰ij㗪䘬暟忼⚆㲊⚾⁷ġ ķıġ ĴįĴįIJŢġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ᶫ㚰Ḵ⋩ḅ㖍军ℓ㚰ᶱ㖍⥖⥚ĩIJķı4Ī䘬嶗⼹ġ ķĹġ ĴįĴįIJţġ ⥖⥚㍍役楁㷗㗪䘬嶗⼹⚾ġ ķĹġ ĴįĴįijġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ᶫ㚰ᶱ⋩ᶨ㖍军ℓ㚰Ḵ㖍䘬暐慷↮Ựġ ķĺġ ĴįĴįĴŢġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ℓ㚰Ḵ㖍ᶲ⋰ij㗪Ĵı↮楁㷗⎬䪁抬⼿䘬⋩↮揀⸛⛯桐⎹␴桐忇ġ ĸıġ ĴįĴįĴţġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ℓ㚰Ḵ㖍ᶲ⋰Ĺ㗪ijı↮楁㷗⎬䪁抬⼿䘬⋩↮揀⸛⛯桐⎹␴桐忇ġ ĸIJġ ĴįĴįĵġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ℓ㚰ᶨ㖍军Ḵ㖍⣑㔯⎘䷥悐ĩᶲ⚾Ī⍲ㇻ溻ⵢĩᶳ⚾Ī抬⼿䘬㴟⸛朊 ĸijġ 㯋⡻ġ ĴįĴįĶġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ℓ㚰ᶨ㖍军Ḵ㖍殪欂㴴抬⼿䘬㼖ỵ⚾ġ ĸijġ ĴįĴįķġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ℓ㚰ᶨ㖍ᶳ⋰Ķ㗪ⶎ⎛䘬⎗夳⃱堃㗇⚾䇯ġ ĸĴġ ĴįĴįĸŢġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ℓ㚰ᶨ㖍㘂ᶲIJIJ㗪㬋䘬暟忼⚆㲊⚾⁷ġ ĸĵġ ĴįĴįĸţġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ℓ㚰Ḵ㖍ᶲ⋰Ķ㗪㬋䘬暟忼⚆㲊⚾⁷ġ ĸĶġ ĴįĴįĸŤġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ℓ㚰Ḵ㖍ᶲ⋰ĺ㗪㬋䘬暟忼⚆㲊⚾⁷ġ ĸķġ ĴįĴįĹġ 䀋Ṽ厚㜿㖶忻ᶨ⸊⓮㤕⣏⹰⢾䇮ᶨⷭ㢂㝞Ὰ⟴ġ ĸĸġ ĴįĴįĺġ ᶲ䑘㚱ᶨᾳ䚜⼹䲬ℕ⏶䘬堃㗇㍍㓞☐怕⻟桐⏡军梃⡄埴Ṣ嶗ġ ĸĸġ ĴįĴįIJıġ ⛐⥖⥚䘬⼙枧ᶳ炻䘥≈忻䘤䓇Ⱉ㲍⁦㾱ġ ĸĹġ ĴįĴįIJIJġ ⥖⥚⏡多楁㷗㛇攻炻大䀋㱛歱㘗䀋旬役㚱㧡㛐塓⏡Ὰġ ĸĺġ ĴįĵįIJġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ℓ㚰⋩ᶫ㖍军Ḵ⋩㖍暣㭵ĩIJķıĹĪ䘬嶗⼹⚾ġ ĹĶġ 6 Ĵįĵįijġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ℓ㚰⋩ᶫ㖍军⋩ℓ㖍䘬暐慷↮Ựġ ĹĶġ ĴįĵįĴġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ℓ㚰⋩ḅ㖍ᶲ⋰Ĺ㗪ⶎ⎛䘬⎗夳⃱堃㗇⚾䇯ġ Ĺķġ Ĵįĵįĵġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ℓ㚰⋩ᶫ㖍㘂ᶲĹ㗪䘬暟忼⚆㲊⚾⁷ġ Ĺĸġ ĴįĶįIJġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ḅ㚰⋩㖍军⋩Ḽ㖍卓嗕吪ĩIJķIJĵĪ䘬嶗⼹⚾ġ ĺijġ ĴįĶįijŢġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ḅ㚰⋩ᶱ㖍ᶳ⋰ij㗪ⶎ⎛䘬䲭⢾䶂堃㗇⚾䇯ġ ĺĴġ ĴįĶįijţġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ḅ㚰⋩Ḽ㖍ᶲ⋰ij㗪ⶎ⎛䘬䲭⢾䶂堃㗇⚾䇯ġ ĺĵġ ĴįķįIJġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ḅ㚰Ḵ⋩Ḵ㖍军Ḵ⋩ḅ㖍欶欂ĩIJķIJĸĪ䘬嶗⼹⚾ġ ĺĺġ ĴįķįijŢġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ḅ㚰Ḵ⋩ᶫ㖍ᶲ⋰ij㗪ⶎ⎛䘬䲭⢾䶂堃㗇⚾䇯ġ IJııġ Ĵįķįijţġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜ḅ㚰Ḵ⋩ℓ㖍ᶳ⋰ij㗪ⶎ⎛䘬⎗夳⃱堃㗇⚾䇯ġ IJıIJġ ĴįĸįIJġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰Ḽ㖍军⋩⚃㖍刦⇑ĩIJķIJĺĪ䘬嶗⼹⚾ġ IJıķġ Ĵįĸįijġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰ℕ㖍军ḅ㖍䘬暐慷↮Ựġ IJıĸġ ĴįĸįĴŢġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰ᶫ㖍ᶳ⋰ij㗪ⶎ⎛䘬⎗夳⃱堃㗇⚾䇯ġ IJıĹġ ĴįĸįĴţġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰⋩ᶱ㖍ᶲ⋰Ĺ㗪ⶎ⎛䘬⎗夳⃱堃㗇⚾䇯ġ IJıĺġ Ĵįĸįĵġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰ᶫ㖍ᶳ⋰ℓ㗪㬋䘬暟忼⚾⁷ġ IJIJıġ ĴįĹįIJġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰⋩ᶱ㖍军⋩ḅ㖍匶匱▱ĩIJķijIJĪ䘬嶗⼹⚾ġ IJIJĹġ ĴįĹįijġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰⋩ℕ㖍军⋩ḅ㖍䘬暐慷↮Ựġ IJIJĹġ ĴįĹįĴŢġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰⋩Ḽ㖍㘂ᶲIJIJ㗪ⶎ⎛䘬䲭⢾䶂堃㗇⚾䇯ġ IJIJĺġ ĴįĹįĴţġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰⋩ᶫ㖍㘂ᶲĹ㗪ⶎ⎛䘬䲭⢾䶂堃㗇⚾䇯ġ IJijıġ ĴįĹįĴŤġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰⋩ḅ㖍ᶳ⋰ĵ㗪ⶎ⎛䘬⎗夳⃱堃㗇⚾䇯ġ IJijIJġ ĴįĹįĵŢġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰⋩ℓ㖍ᶲ⋰Ķ㗪䘬暟忼⚆㲊⚾⁷ġ IJijijġ ĴįĹįĵţġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰⋩ḅ㖍ᶳ⋰ĵ㗪䘬暟忼⚆㲊⚾⁷ġ IJijĴġ ĴįĹįĶġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰⋩ḅ㖍⛐⏰䤍忻ĩᶲĪ⍲㞜䀋忻ĩᶳĪ䘬♜慵㯜㴠ġ IJijĵġ ĴįĺįIJŢġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰⋩⚃㖍军Ḵ⋩Ḵ㖍㴟楔ĩIJķijijĪ䘬嶗⼹⚾ġ IJĴijġ ĴįĺįIJţġ 㴟楔㍍役楁㷗㗪䘬嶗⼹⚾ġ IJĴijġ Ĵįĺįijġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰Ḵ⋩㖍军Ḵ⋩ᶨ㖍䘬暐慷↮Ựġ IJĴĴġ ĴįĺįĴġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰Ḵ⋩ᶨ㖍ᶲ⋰IJIJ㗪楁㷗⎬䪁抬⼿䘬⋩↮揀⸛⛯桐⎹␴桐忇ġ IJĴĵġ Ĵįĺįĵġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰Ḵ⋩ᶨ㖍⣑㔯⎘䷥悐ĩᶲ⚾Ī⍲⣏❼ĩᶳ⚾Ī抬⼿䘬㴟⸛朊㯋⡻ġ IJĴĶġ ĴįĺįĶŢġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰⋩ℓ㖍㘂ᶲĹ㗪ⶎ⎛䘬䲭⢾䶂堃㗇⚾䇯ġ IJĴķġ ĴįĺįĶţġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰Ḵ⋩㖍ᶳ⋰Ĵ㗪ⶎ⎛䘬⎗夳⃱堃㗇⚾䇯ġ IJĴĸġ ĴįĺįķŢġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰Ḵ⋩ᶨ㖍㖑ᶲĺ㗪㬋䘬暟忼⚆㲊⚾⁷ġ IJĴĹġ Ĵįĺįķţġ Ḵ暞ᶨℕ⸜⋩㚰Ḵ⋩ᶨ㖍ᶳ⋰IJ㗪㬋䘬暟忼⚆㲊⚾⁷ġ IJĴĺġ Ĵįĺįĸġ 勼㝅奺㴰旚⯨旬役㚱㧡㛐塓⏡Ὰġ IJĵıġ 7 FIGURE page FRONTISPIECE: Tracks of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2016 1.1 Locations of anemometers and tide gauge stations mentioned in this annual report 25 2.1 Monthly frequencies of the occurrence of tropical cyclones in the western North 41 Pacific and the South China Sea in 2016 2.2 Tracks of the nine tropical cyclones affecting Hong Kong in 2016 41 2.3 Visible satellite imagery of Super Typhoon Meranti (1614) at peak intensity at 42 2 p.m. on 13 September 2016 3.1.1a Track of the tropical depression on 26 – 27 May 2016 50 3.1.1b Track of the tropical depression in the vicinity of Hong Kong 50 3.1.2 Rainfall distribution on 26 – 27 May 2016 51 3.1.3 Visible satellite imagery at 2:00 p.m. on 27 May 2016 52 3.1.4 Radar image of the tropical depression at around 12:24 p.m. on 27 May 2016 53 3.2.1 Track of Mirinae (1603) on 25 – 28 July 2016 58 3.2.2 Rainfall distribution on 26 July 2016 58 3.2.3 Visible satellite imagery around 5 p.m. on 27 July 2016 59 3.2.4 Radar echoes captured at 2 p.m. on 26 July 2016 60 3.3.1a Track of Nida (1604) on 29 July – 3 August 2016 68 3.3.1b Track of Nida near Hong Kong 68 3.3.2 Rainfall distribution on 31 July - 2 August 2016 69 3.3.3a 10-minute mean wind direction and speed recorded at various stations in Hong 70 Kong at 2:30 a.m. on 2 August 2016 3.3.3b 10-minute mean wind direction and speed recorded at various stations in Hong 71 Kong at 8:20 a.m. on 2 August 2016 3.3.4 Traces of mean sea-level pressure recorded at the Observatory Headquarters (top 72 panel) and Ta Kwu Ling (bottom panel) on 1 – 2 August 2016 3.3.5 Tide and storm surge recorded at Quarry Bay on 1 – 2 August 2016 72 3.3.6 Visible satellite imagery around 5 p.m. on 1 August 2016 73 3.3.7a Image of radar echoes at 11 p.m.
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    A06 Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Typhoon Induced Precipitation over Northern Japan 〇Sridhara NAYAK , Tetsuya TAKEMI Introduction: various duration bins. Finally, we calculated the Typhoons are considered as one of the dangerous frequency in each bin. In the similar way, we weather phenomena in the earth that caused investigated the size of the precipitations. widespread flooding to the landfall regions. Over the year, plenty of typhoons have made landfall over Preliminary Results: Japan and some of them have devastated large areas Figure 1 shows the probability of the duration of and impacted millions of people by extreme extreme precipitations for the Typhoon Chanthu. It precipitations (Takemi et al. 2016; Takemi, 2019). In shows the duration of the precipitations exceeding August 2016, three typhoons [Typhoon Chanthu various percentiles of precipitation in the range (T1607), Mindulle (T1609), and Kompasu (T1611)] between 50% and 99.99%. Results indicate that the made landfall over Hokkaido region and one typhoon occurrence of extremely heavy precipitations (higher [Lionrock (T1610)] made landfall over Tohoku region. than 99th percentile) are short-lived and last up to 6 All these typhoons caused widespread damages over hours. The extreme precipitation with intensity below northern Japan with excessive precipitations. However, 90th percentile last at least 9 hours. We also find studies are limited to understand the temporal and long-lived precipitations which last 12 hours and more, spatial structure of precipitation, particularly the although they don’t occur so frequently. precipitation size and duration within individual typhoons. In this study, we analyzed the precipitations induced by these four typhoons to investigate their extreme precipitation spell duration and size.
  • U.S. Customs Service

    U.S. Customs Service

    U.S. Customs Service General Notices PROPOSED COLLECTION; COMMENT REQUEST RECORD OF VESSEL FOREIGN REPAIR OR EQUIPMENT PURCHASE ACTION: Notice and request for comments. SUMMARY: As part of its continuing effort to reduce paperwork and reĆ spondent burden, Customs invites the general public and other Federal agencies to comment on an information collection requirement conĆ cerning Record of Vessel Foreign Repair or Equipment Purchase. This request for comment is being made pursuant to the Paperwork ReducĆ tion Act of 1995 (Public Law 104ć13; 44 U.S.C. 3505(c)(2)). DATES: Written comments should be received on or before May 21, 2002, to be assured of consideration. ADDRESS: Direct all written comments to U.S. Customs Service, InforĆ mation Services Group, Attn.: Tracey Denning, 1300 Pennsylvania AveĆ nue, NW, Room 3.2C, Washington, D.C. 20229. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Requests for additional information should be directed to U.S. Customs Service, Attn.: Tracey Denning, 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Room 3.2C, Washington, D.C. 20229, Tel. (202) 927ć1429. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Customs invites the general public and other Federal agencies to comĆ ment on proposed and/or continuing information collections pursuant to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (Public Law 104ć13; 44 U.S.C. 3505(c)(2)). The comments should address: (1) whether the collection of information is necessary for the proper performance of the functions of the agency, including whether the information shall have practical utilĆ ity; (b) the accuracy of the agency's estimates of the burden of the collecĆ tion of information; (c) ways to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; (d) ways to minimize the burden includĆ ing the use of automated collection techniques or the use of other forms of information technology; and (e) estimates of capital or startĆup costs and costs of operations, maintenance, and purchase of services to proĆ vide information.
  • An Efficient Method for Simulating Typhoon Waves Based on A

    An Efficient Method for Simulating Typhoon Waves Based on A

    Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Article An Efficient Method for Simulating Typhoon Waves Based on a Modified Holland Vortex Model Lvqing Wang 1,2,3, Zhaozi Zhang 1,*, Bingchen Liang 1,2,*, Dongyoung Lee 4 and Shaoyang Luo 3 1 Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China; [email protected] 2 College of Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China 3 NAVAL Research Academy, Beijing 100070, China; [email protected] 4 Korea Institute of Ocean, Science and Technology, Busan 600-011, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (Z.Z.); [email protected] (B.L.) Received: 20 January 2020; Accepted: 23 February 2020; Published: 6 March 2020 Abstract: A combination of the WAVEWATCH III (WW3) model and a modified Holland vortex model is developed and studied in the present work. The Holland 2010 model is modified with two improvements: the first is a new scaling parameter, bs, that is formulated with information about the maximum wind speed (vms) and the typhoon’s forward movement velocity (vt); the second is the introduction of an asymmetric typhoon structure. In order to convert the wind speed, as reconstructed by the modified Holland model, from 1-min averaged wind inputs into 10-min averaged wind inputs to force the WW3 model, a gust factor (gf) is fitted in accordance with practical test cases. Validation against wave buoy data proves that the combination of the two models through the gust factor is robust for the estimation of typhoon waves.
  • Efforts for Emergency Observation Mapping in Manila Observatory

    Efforts for Emergency Observation Mapping in Manila Observatory

    Efforts for Emergency Observation Mapping in Manila Observatory: Development of a Typhoon Impact Estimation System (TIES) focusing on Economic Flood Loss of Urban Poor Communities in Metro Manila UN-SPIDER International Conference on Space-based Technologies for Disaster Risk Reduction – “Enhancing Disaster Preparedness for Effective Emergency Response” Session 4: Demonstrating Advances in Earth Observation to Build Back Better September 25, 2018 Ma. Flordeliza P. Del Castillo Manila Observatory EMERGENCY OBSERVATION MAPPING IN MANILA OBSERVATORY • Typhoon Reports • Sentinel Asia Data Analysis Node (2011-present) • Flood loss estimation for urban poor households in Metro Manila (2016-present) 1. Regional Climate Systems (RCS) – Hazard analysis (Rainfall and typhoon forecast) 2. Instrumentation and Efforts before typhoon arrives Technology Development – Automated Weather Stations 3. Geomatics for Environment and Development – Mapping and integration of Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability layers Observing from space and also from the ground. Efforts during typhoon event Now, incorporating exposure and vulnerability variables Efforts after a typhoon event Data Analysis Node (Post- Disaster Event) Image Source: Secretariat of Sentinel Asia Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sentinel Asia Annual Report 2016 MO Emergency Observation (EO) and Mapping Protocol (15 October 2018) Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Establish the Apply for EMERGENCY Elevate status to LOCATION/COVERAGE of OBSERVATION to International Disaster EOR Sentinel Asia (SA) Charter (IDC) by ADRC Step 6: Step 5: Step 4: Upload maps in MO, SA MAP Download images & IDC websites PRODUCTION Emergency Observation Mapping Work • December 2011 – T.S. Washi “Sendong” • August 2012 – Southwest Monsoon Flood “Habagat” • ” Emergency Observation Mapping Work • December 2011 – T.S. Washi “Sendong” • August 2012 – Southwest Monsoon Flood “Habagat” • December 2012 – Bopha “Pablo” • August 2013 – Southwest Monsoon Flood and T.S.
  • OCHA PHL TY Sarika Haima 17Oct2016

    OCHA PHL TY Sarika Haima 17Oct2016

    Philippines: Typhoons Sarika (Karen) and Haima (Lawin) (17 October 2016) Typhoon Sarika Japan Typhoon Haima Typhoon category Typhoon Sarika (Karen) made landfall in (Saffir-Simpson Scale) Typhoon Haima (Lawin) has intensified 22 October 2016 Baler, Aurora province, at 2:30 a.m. on Category 1: 119-153 km/hr from a severe tropical storm. It was last 16 October. It slightly weakend while spotted 1,265 km east of the Visayas with China Category 3: 178-208 km/hr crossing Central Luzon but slightly maximum sustained winds of up to 150 intensified as it moves away from the Category 4: 209-251 km/hr km/h and gusts of up to 185 km/h. It is Philippines. As of 6am 17 October 2016, Taiwan moving west northwest at 22 km/h and is Typhoon Sarika is out of the Philippines Category 5: > 252 km/hr expected to enter PAR by the afternoon Area of Responsibility (PAR) and all PAGASA category of 17 October. The typhoon is projected Tropical Cyclone Warning Signals Hong Kong Typhoon Karen (SARIKA) to intensify into a category 5 as it moves Macao (TCWS) have been lifted. Tropical depression closer to northern Philippines. 21 October 2016 Lawin (HAIMA) Tropical storm EFFECTS Forecasted to make landfall Severe tropical storm PROFILE Regions I, II, III, IV-A, V and CAR in Northern Cagayan Typhoon within the 100 km radius of typhoon track affected areas 20 October 2016 P.A.R. 4 47 Actual typhoon track provinces cities/municipalities 75,000 Typhoon Haima people affected Forecasted track 17 October 2016 1.9 Million 406,000 19 October 2016 people households 70,800 LUZON people displaced 18 October 2016 Lawin (HAIMA) Forecasted to enter P.A.R.
  • 1 Storm Surge in Seto Inland Sea with Consideration Of

    1 Storm Surge in Seto Inland Sea with Consideration Of

    STORM SURGE IN SETO INLAND SEA WITH CONSIDERATION OF THE IMPACTS OF WAVE BREAKING ON SURFACE CURRENTS Han Soo Lee1, Takao Yamashita1, Tomoaki Komaguchi2, and Toyoaki Mishima3 Storm surge and storm wave simulations in Seto Inland Sea (SIS) in Japan were conducted for Typhoon Yancy (9313) and Chaba (0416) using an atmosphere (MM5)-wave (SWAN)-ocean (POM) modeling system. In the coupled modeling system, a new method for wave-current interaction in terms of momentum transfer due to whitecapping in deep water and depth-induced wave breaking in shallow water was considered. The calculated meteorological and wave fields show good agreement with the observations in SIS and its vicinities. The storm surge results also exhibit good accordance with the observations in SIS. To resolve a number of islands in SIS, we also performed numerical experiments with different grid resolutions and obtained improved results from higher resolutions in wave and ocean circulation fields. Keywords: Seto Inland Sea; storm surge; atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model; air-sea interaction; whitecapping; depth-induced wave breaking INTRODUCTION Storm surge due to tropical cyclones (TCs) varies from place to place depending on the geographical features of the place we are interested in such as the effect of surrounding topography on meteorological fields, geographical shape of the bay or harbor, underwater bathymetry, tide, and interaction with other water bodies including rivers and open seas and oceans. In the storm surge modeling it is difficult to consider all of these effects such that we have to compromise some of them for simplifying a problem, more efficient modeling and engineering purpose.
  • The Diurnal Cycle of Clouds in Tropical Cyclones Over the Western North Pacific Basin

    The Diurnal Cycle of Clouds in Tropical Cyclones Over the Western North Pacific Basin

    SOLA, 2020, Vol. 16, 109−114, doi:10.2151/sola.2020-019 109 The Diurnal Cycle of Clouds in Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific Basin Kohei Fukuda1, Kazuaki Yasunaga1, Ryo Oyama2, 3, Akiyoshi Wada3, Atsushi Hamada1, and Hironori Fudeyasu4 1Department of Earth Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan 2Forecast Division, Forecast Department, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Tokyo, Japan 3Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Tsukuba, Japan 4Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan for this is not understood. In addition, previous studies by Kossin Abstract (2002) and Dunion et al. (2014) focused exclusively on Atlantic storms or eastern Pacific storms. Our knowledge of the TC diurnal This study examined the diurnal cycles of brightness tempera- cycle over the western North Pacific (WNP) basin is limited, ture (TB) and upper-level horizontal winds associated with tropi- even though the WNP is the area where TCs are most frequently cal cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific basin, making generated (e.g., Peduzzi et al. 2012). Furthermore, relationships use of data retrieved from geostationary-satellite (Himawari-8) between cirrus cloud and dynamic fields have not been adequately observations that exhibited unprecedented temporal and spatial documented on the basis of observational data, while changes in resolutions. The results of a spectral analysis revealed that diurnal maximum wind velocity in TCs statistically depend on the local cycles prevail in TB variations over the outer regions of TCs (300− time (e.g., Yaroshevich and Ingel 2013). From a technical point of 500 km from the storm center). The dominance of the diurnal view, previous studies analyzed observations at a relatively lower cycle was also found in variations in the radial wind (Vr) in inten- time interval of three hours, and it is likely that the results were sive TCs, although there was no dominant cycle in tangential wind contaminated by higher-order harmonics due to aliasing.
  • Typhoon Sarika

    Typhoon Sarika

    Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Philippines: Typhoon Sarika DREF Operation: MDRPH021 Glide n° TC-2016-000108-PHL Date of issue: 19 October 2016 Date of disaster: 16 October 2016 Operation manager: Point of contact: Patrick Elliott, operations manager Atty. Oscar Palabyab, secretary general IFRC Philippines country office Philippine Red Cross Operation start date: 16 October 2016 Expected timeframe: 3 months (to 31 January 2017) Overall operation budget: CHF 169,011 Number of people affected: 52,270 people (11,926 Number of people to be assisted: 8,000 people families) (1,600 families) Host National Society: Philippine Red Cross (PRC) is the nation’s largest humanitarian organization and works through 100 chapters covering all administrative districts and major cities in the country. It has at least 1,000 staff at national headquarters and chapter levels, and approximately one million volunteers and supporters, of whom some 500,000 are active volunteers. At chapter level, a programme called Red Cross 143, has volunteers in place to enhance the overall capacity of the National Society to prepare for and respond in disaster situations. Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners actively involved in the operation: PRC is working with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) in this operation. The National Society also works with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) as well as American Red Cross, Australian Red Cross, British Red Cross, Canadian Red Cross, Finnish Red Cross, German Red Cross, Japanese Red Cross Society, The Netherlands Red Cross, Norwegian Red Cross, Qatar Red Crescent Society, Spanish Red Cross, and Swiss Red Cross in-country.
  • The Mechanism of the Storm Surges in the Seto Inland Sea Caused By

    The Mechanism of the Storm Surges in the Seto Inland Sea Caused By

    Technical Review No. 9 (March 2007) RSMC Tokyo - Typhoon Center The Mechanism of the Storm Surges in the Seto Inland Sea Caused by Typhoon Chaba (0416) Nadao KOHNO Typhoon Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1Nagamine, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan Kazuo KAMAKURA, Hiroaki MINEMATSU*, Yukihiro YORIOKA, Kazuhisa HISASHIGE, Eichi SHIMIZU, Yuichi SATO, Akifumi FUKUNAGA, Yoshihiko TANIWAKI, and Shigekazu TANIJO Observation and Forecast Division, Takamatsu Local Observatory, 1277-1 Fuki-ishi, Takamatsu 761-8071, Japan Abstract Typhoon Chaba in 2004 made landfall on the southeastern Kyushu and went through Chugoku (western part of Japan’s Main Island) on 30 August, causing large storm surges in the Seto Inland Sea (SIS). The high tide records were broken at tide stations in Takamatsu and Uno Ports. We analyzed the tidal data and simulated this case with a numerical storm surge model. The storm surges moved eastward along with the passage of the typhoon, and it was favorably simulated. The results revealed that the wind set-up basically played a key role in causing the large storm surges. However, the maximum storm surge (MSS) in Takamatsu did not occur when the typhoon was the nearest to the city, but about 2 hours later. Since the time of MSS approximately corresponds to the high spring tide time, the record breaking storm tide was observed there. Moreover, we found the SIS can be divided into 6 areas according to the characteristics of sea topography and dominant wind direction by the typhoon. We also investigated the degrees of the contribution of two main factors of storm surges, i.e.
  • Cover 2Nd Asean Env Report 2000

    Cover 2Nd Asean Env Report 2000

    SecondSecond ASEANASEAN State State ofof thethe EnvironmentEnvironment ReportReport 20002000 Second ASEAN State of the Environment Report 2000 Our Heritage Our Future Second ASEAN State of the Environment Report 2000 Published by the ASEAN Secretariat For information on publications, contact: Public Information Unit, The ASEAN Secretariat 70 A Jalan Sisingamangaraja, Jakarta 12110, Indonesia Phone: (6221) 724-3372, 726-2991 Fax : (6221) 739-8234, 724-3504 ASEAN website: http://www.aseansec.org The preparation of the Second ASEAN State of the Environment Report 2000 was supervised and co- ordinated by the ASEAN Secretariat. The following focal agencies co-ordinated national inputs from the respective ASEAN member countries: Ministry of Development, Negara Brunei Darussalam; Ministry of Environment, Royal Kingdom of Cambodia; Ministry of State for Environment, Republic of Indonesia; Science, Technology and Environment Agency, Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Ministry of Science Technology and the Environment, Malaysia; National Commission for Environmental Affairs, Union of Myanmar; Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Republic of the Philippines; Ministry of Environment, Republic of Singapore; Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Royal Kingdom of Thailand; and Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. The ASEAN Secretariat wishes to express its sincere appreciation to UNEP for the generous financial support provided for the preparation of this Report. The ASEAN Secretariat also wishes to express its sincere appreciation to the experts, officials, institutions and numerous individuals who contributed to the preparation of the Report. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information presented, and to fully acknowledge all sources of information, graphics and photographs used in the Report.
  • NDCC Sitrep No. 33 TS Ondoy & Typhoon Pepeng As of Oct. 17

    NDCC Sitrep No. 33 TS Ondoy & Typhoon Pepeng As of Oct. 17

    C. Damages o A total of 50,919 houses were damaged (5,225 totally /45,694 partially ) – Tab C o Estimated cost of damage to infrastructure and agriculture were pegged at PhP 10.533 Billion ( PhP 3.449 Billion – Infrastructure; PhP 7.081 Billion – Agriculture and PhP 0.003 B - Private Property) – Tab D D. Cost of Assistance o Cost of Assistance is PhP 87,501,298.74 : NDCC (PhP 19,801,250) ; DSWD (PhP 19,145,860.83 ); DOH (PhP 5,383,890); LGUs (PhP 34,420,060); NGOs/Other GOs (PhP 8,750,238) – Tab E o NDCC Rice assistance – 21,800 sacks of rice were already distributed to the LGUs in Regions I, II, III, IV-A, IV-B, V, VI and CAR E. Status of Roads and Bridges – Tab F Northern Luzon o Status of Five (5) Major Roads and Bridges Going to Baguio City, CAR Kennon Road, Naguillan Road, Baguio –Bontoc Road (Ambassador Section) and Marcos Highway are already passable while Baguio-Nueva Vizcaya Road (Kayapa-Baguio Road) is still not passable. Clearing and punch-thru operations are on going Bued Bridge at Manila North Road located at the boundary of La Union and Pangasinan is not passable due to collapsed 2 middle spans Alternate Route: (Going to La Union and Ilocos provinces o Manila-Tarlac City-Camiling–Mangaldan-Mangatarem-Lingayen-Dagupan City – de Venecia Highway –San Favian-Damortis, La Union o Manila to Binalonan (using Manila North Road ) turn left to Manaoag- San Jacinto –San Fabian-Damortis, La Union o Urdaneta- Manaoag- San Jacinto-San Fabian-Damortis, La Union Region IV-A o Palico-Balayan-Batangas Road – impassable due to scoured embankment and protection of Ist approach of Cawong Bridge o Marikina –Infanta road Road (Marcos highway - impassable due to washed-out 2 nd approach of last span II.