Unit 3 Basics of Network Technology
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1) What Is the Name of an Ethernet Cable That Contains Two
1) What is the name of an Ethernet cable that contains two electrical conductors ? A coaxial cable 2) What are the names of the two common conditions that degrade the signals on c opper-based cables? Crosstal and attenuation 3) Which topology requires the use of terminators? Bus 4) Which of the following topologies is implemented only logically, not physical ly? Ring 5) How many wire pairs are actually used on a typical UTP Ethernet network? Two 6) What is the name of the process of building a frame around network layer info rmation? Data encapsulation 7) Which of the connectors on a network interface adapter transmits data in para llel? The System bus connector 8) Which two of the following hardware resources do network interface adapters a lways require? I/O port address and IRQ 9) What is the name of the process by which a network interface adapter determin es when it should transmit its data over the network? Media Access Control 10) Which bus type is preferred for a NIC that will be connected to a Fast Ether net network? PCI 11) A passive hub does not do which of the following? Transmit management information using SNMP 12) To connect two Ethernet hubs together, you must do which of the following? Connect the uplink port in one hub to a standard port on the other 13) Which term describes a port in a Token Ring MAU that is not part of the ring ? Intelligent 14) A hub that functions as a repeater inhibits the effect of____________? Attenuation 15) You can use which of the following to connect two Ethernet computers togethe r using UTP -
Evaluation of Mobile Wimax and Intelligent Video for Enhanced Rail Transit Safety
SharpRAIL: Evaluation of Mobile WiMAX and Intelligent Video for Enhanced Rail Transit Safety Report Number FTA-MD-26-7132-08.1 June 2008 DISCLAIMER NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for the contents or use thereof. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers' names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the contents of the report. Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED June, 2008 Final Report, April 2007-January 2008 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS SharpRAIL: Evaluation of Mobile WiMAX and Intelligent Video for Enhanced Rail Transit Safety MD-26-7132-00 6. AUTHOR(S) Santosh Kesavan, Eddie Wu and William Toeller 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) REPORT NUMBER VT Aepco Inc 555 Quince Orchard Road, Suite 488 Gaithersburg, MD 20878 9. -
An Analysis of IEEE 802.16 and Wimax Multicast Delivery
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2007-09 An analysis of IEEE 802.16 and WiMAX multicast delivery Staub, Patrick A. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/3203 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS AN ANALYSIS OF IEEE 802.16 AND WIMAX MULTICAST DELIVERY by Patrick A. Staub September, 2007 Thesis Advisor: Bert Lundy Second Reader: George Dinolt Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September 2007 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE An Analysis of IEEE 802.16 and WiMAX 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Multicast Delivery 6. AUTHOR(S) Patrick A. Staub 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. -
System Performance of Wireless Sensor Network Using Lora…
Computers, Materials & Continua Tech Science Press DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016922 Article System Performance of Wireless Sensor Network Using LoRa–Zigbee Hybrid Communication Van-Truong Truong1, Anand Nayyar2,* and Showkat Ahmad Lone3 1Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam 2Graduate School, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam; Faculty of Information Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam 3Department of Basic Science, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Jeddah Campus, KSA *Corresponding Author: Anand Nayyar. Email: [email protected] Received: 15 January 2021; Accepted: 17 February 2021 Abstract: Wireless sensor network (WSN) is considered as the fastest growing technology pattern in recent years because of its applicability in var- ied domains. Many sensor nodes with different sensing functionalities are deployed in the monitoring area to collect suitable data and transmit it to the gateway. Ensuring communications in heterogeneous WSNs, is a critical issue that needs to be studied. In this research paper, we study the system performance of a heterogeneous WSN using LoRa–Zigbee hybrid communi- cation. Specifically, two Zigbee sensor clusters and two LoRa sensor clusters are used and combined with two Zigbee-to-LoRa converters to communicate in a network managed by a LoRa gateway. The overall system integrates many different sensors in terms of types, communication protocols, and accuracy, which can be used in many applications in realistic environments such as on land, under water, or in the air. In addition to this, a synchronous man- agement software on ThingSpeak Web server and Blynk app is designed. -
13 Embedded Communication Protocols
13 Embedded Communication Protocols Distributed Embedded Systems Philip Koopman October 12, 2015 © Copyright 2000-2015, Philip Koopman Where Are We Now? Where we’ve been: •Design • Distributed system intro • Reviews & process • Testing Where we’re going today: • Intro to embedded networking – If you want to be distributed, you need to have a network! Where we’re going next: • CAN (a representative current network protocol) • Scheduling •… 2 Preview “Serial Bus” = “Embedded Network” = “Multiplexed Wire” ~= “Muxing” = “Bus” Getting Bits onto the wire • Physical interface • Bit encoding Classes of protocols • General operation • Tradeoffs (there is no one “best” protocol) • Wired vs. wireless “High Speed Bus” 3 Linear Network Topology BUS • Good fit to long skinny systems – elevators, assembly lines, etc... • Flexible - many protocol options • Break in the cable splits the bus • May be a poor choice for fiber optics due to problems with splitting/merging • Was prevalent for early desktop systems • Is used for most embedded control networks 4 Star Network Topologies Star • Can emulate bus functions – Easy to detect and isolate failures – Broken wire only affects one node – Good for fiber optics – Requires more wiring; common for Star current desktop systems • Broken hub is catastrophic • Gives a centralized location if needed – Can be good for isolating nodes that generate too much traffic Star topologies increasing in popularity • Bus topology has startup problems in some fault scenarios • Safety critical control networks moving -
Nomadic Communications
Nomadic Communications Renato Lo Cigno ANS Group – [email protected] Francesco Gringoli [email protected] http://disi.unitn.it/locigno/index.php/teaching-duties/nomadic-communications Copyright Quest’opera è protetta dalla licenza: Creative Commons Attribuzione-Non commerciale-Non opere derivate 2.5 Italia License Per i dettagli, consultare http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/it/ What do you find on the web site • Exam Rules • Exam Details ... should be on ESSE3, but ... • Generic (useful) information • Teaching Material: normally posted at least the day before the lesson • Additional Material and links • Laboratories groups, rules, description and hints • News, Bulletin, How to find and meet me and Francesco, etc. • ... The web site is work in progress (well as of today working badly, but improving) and updated frequently(that’s at least my intention) Please don’t blame ME if you did’t read the last news J Program • Why “Nomadic” – Mobile vs. nomadic – Cellular vs. HotSpot – Local wireless communications • Some rehearsal – Access Control Protocols – Protocols and architectures – Services and primitives – IEEE 802 project – Nomadic communications positioning Program • WLAN – 802.11 Standard – 802.11 MAC – 802.11b/g/a/h/n/ac PHY – QoS and Differentiation enhancement: 802.11e – Mesh networks: 802.11s & other protocols – Other extensions: 802.11f/p/ad/ad/... Program • Ad-Hoc Networks – Stand-Alone WLANs – Routing and multi-hop in Ad-Hoc networks • Vehicular Networks Problems and scenarios – Specific issues -
IEEE 802.20: Mobile Broadband Wireless Access a Technical Overview
IEEE 802.20: Mobile Broadband Wireless Access A Technical Overview June 2006 for ITU-BDT Regional Seminar on Mobile and Fixed Wireless Access for Broadband Applications for the ARAB Seminar, June 19-22, 2006, Algiers, Algeria • The following is a technical overview of the IEEE 802.20 (FDD & TDD) proposed specification and how it compares to IEEE 802.16e (mobile WiMAX). • The presentation does not cover the IEEE Working Group processes relating to standardization. • I will not be making any comments today on the IEEE 802.20 standardization process or its current status. 1 1 Introduction • The 802.20 standard is being developed by the IEEE for highly efficient Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) – Spectral efficiencies, sustained user data rates and numbers of active users that are significantly higher than other emerging mobile systems – Efficient packet based air interface optimized for IP-data transport, including real time services • Technology developed to target worldwide deployment of affordable, ubiquitous, always-on networks – To meet the needs of business and residential end user markets • 802.20 provides a specification for physical and medium access control layers for interoperable mobile wireless access systems – Operations for licensed bands below 3.5 GHz – Supports mobility classes up to 250 Km/h 2 Mobile Broadband Vision 3G and Beyond Best Connected Service: • Application-specific air interfaces CDMA2000, WPAN WCDMA, MPROC 802.20, FLO… MPROC • New OFDM(A) Physical GPRS, WLAN layers GPS DSP 3D Graphics • Common IP-based core DSP Video Audio network Memory Memory Imaging WLAN • Integrated WAN / LAN (802.11n) services • Multimode devices Mobile WAN/MAN Relative (Flash-OFDM, HSXPA, 802.20/3GPP2 Phase 2, LTE) Peak Rates Mobile Broadcast (FLO) Relative Coverage Data rates (vertical) and network coverage (horizontal) are illustrative only. -
The Spirit of Wi-Fi
Rf: Wi-Fi_Text Dt: 09-Jan-2003 The Spirit of Wi-Fi where it came from where it is today and where it is going by Cees Links Wi-Fi pioneer of the first hour All rights reserved, © 2002, 2003 Cees Links The Spirit of Wi-Fi Table of Contents 0. Preface...................................................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................4 2. The Roots of Wi-Fi: Wireless LANs...................................................................................................9 2.1 The product and application background: networking ..............................................................9 2.2 The business background: convergence of telecom and computers? ......................................14 2.3 The application background: computers and communications ...............................................21 3. The original idea (1987 – 1991).........................................................................................................26 3.1 The radio legislation in the US .................................................................................................26 3.2 Pioneers .....................................................................................................................................28 3.3 Product definition ......................................................................................................................30 -
IX256 Wimax Modem User Manual.P65
ZTE IX256 WiMAX MODEM User Manual 1 No part of this publication may be excerpted, reproduced, translated in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without the prior written authorization of ZTE Corporation. The manual is published by ZTE Corporation. We reserve the right to make modifications on print errors or update specifications without prior notice. Copyright © 2010 by ZTE Corporation All rights reserved. Version: V1.0 Date: Aug. 2010 Manual number: 079584501965 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 General ............................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Welcome ................................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Safety Precautions ................................................................................................ 6 1.3 Cleaning and Maintaining ....................................................................................... 7 1.4 Limited Warranty.................................................................................................... 7 1.5 Limitation of Liability ............................................................................................... 8 2 Getting Started .............................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Appearance........................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Parts -
Analysis of Wifi and Wimax and Wireless Network Coexistence
International Journal of Computer Networks & Communications (IJCNC) Vol.6, No.6, November 2014 ANALYSIS OF WIFI AND WIMAX AND WIRELESS NETWORK COEXISTENCE Shuang Song and Biju Issac School of Computing, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK ABSTRACT Wireless networks are very popular nowadays. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) that uses the IEEE 802.11 standard and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) that uses the IEEE 802.16 standard are networks that we want to explore. WiMAX has been developed over 10 years, but it is still unknown to most people. However compared to WLAN, it has many advantages in transmission speed and coverage area. This paper will introduce these two technologies and make comparisons between WiMAX and WiFi. In addition, wireless network coexistence of WLAN and WiMAX will be explored through simulation. Lastly we want to discuss the future of WiMAX in relation to WiFi. KEY WORDS WiMAX, WiFi, wireless network, wireless coexistence, network simulation 1. INTRODUCTION With the development of multimedia communication, people need wireless broadband access with higher speed, larger coverage and mobility. The emergence of WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) technology met the people's demand for wireless Internet to some extent. If wireless LAN technology (WLAN) solves the access problem of the "last one hundred meters", then WiMAX technology is the best access solution of the "last mile". Though WiMAX is an emerging and extremely competitive wireless broadband access technology, the development prospects of its market is still unknown. Hybrid networks as a supplement to cell based or IP packet based services, can fully reflect the characteristics of wide network coverage. -
IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring) LAN
IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring) LAN Dr. Sanjay P. Ahuja, Ph.D. Fidelity National Financial Distinguished Professor of CIS School of Computing, UNF IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring): Ring Topology Shared ring medium: all nodes see all frames Round Robin MAC Protocol: determines which station can transmit A special 3-byte pattern, the token, circulates around the ring perpetually and represents the "right to transmit" This establishes round-robin media access Data flow is unidirectional All data flows in a particular direction around the ring; nodes receive frames from their upstream neighbor and forward them to their downstream neighbor Data rate: 4 or 16 Mbps R R R R IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring) Operation The token bit sequence circulates around the ring. Each station forwards the token if it does not have a frame to transmit. A station with data to send seizes the token (repeater now in transmit state) and begins sending it’s frame. It can transmit for length of time called the Token Hold Time (THT) = 10 mseconds. Each station forwards the frame. The destination station notices its address and saves a copy of the frame as it also forwards the frame. When the sender sees its frame return, it drains it from the ring and reinserts a token. When the last bit of the returning frame has been drained, the repeater switches immediately to the listen state. IEEE 802.5 (Token Ring) using a Hub The star-wired ring topology uses the physical layout of a star in conjunction with the token-passing data transmission method. -
The Network Stack (1) L41 Lecture 5 Dr Robert N
1/25/17 The Network Stack (1) L41 Lecture 5 Dr Robert N. M. Watson 25 January 2017 Reminder: where we left off last term • Long, long ago, but in a galaxy not so far away: • Lecture 3: The Process Model (1) • Lecture 4: The Process Model (2) • Lab 2: IPC buffer size and the probe effect • Lab 3: Micro-architectural effects of IPC • Explored several implied (and rejected) hypotheses: • Larger IO/IPC buffer sizes amortise system-call overhead • A purely architectural (SW) review dominates • The probe effect doesn’t matter in real-world workloads L41 Lecture 5 – The Network Stack (1) 1 1/25/17 This time: Introduction to Network Stacks Rapid tour across hardware and software: • Networking and the sockets API • Network-stack design principles: 1980s vs. today • Memory flow across hardware and software • Network-stack construction and work flows • Recent network-stack research L41 Lecture 5 – The Network Stack (1) Networking: A key OS function (1) • Communication between computer systems • Local-Area Networks (LANs) • Wide-Area Networks (WANs) • A network stack provides: • Sockets API and extensions • Interoperable, feature-rich, high-performance protocol implementations (e.g., IPv4, IPv6, ICMP, UDP, TCP, SCTP, …) • Security functions (e.g., cryptographic tunneling, firewalls...) • Device drivers for Network Interface Cards (NICs) • Monitoring and management interfaces (BPF, ioctl) • Plethora of support libraries (e.g., DNS) L41 Lecture 5 – The Network Stack (1) 2 1/25/17 Networking: A key OS function (2) • Dramatic changes over 30 years: 1980s: Early packet-switched networks, UDP+TCP/IP, Ethernet 1990s: Large-scale migration to IP; Ethernet VLANs 2000s: 1-Gigabit, then 10-Gigabit Ethernet; 802.11; GSM data 2010s: Large-scale deployment of IPv6; 40/100-Gbps Ethernet ..