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Integrated Ieee 802.11/Wlan and Ieee 802.16/Wimax Networks

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Integrated Ieee 802.11/Wlan and Ieee 802.16/Wimax Networks ANSARI LAYOUT 2/9/10 1:50 PM Page 30 WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES FOR E-HEALTHCARE WIRELESS TELEMEDICINE SERVICES OVER INTEGRATED IEEE 802.11/WLAN AND IEEE 802.16/WIMAX NETWORKS YAN ZHANG AND NIRWAN ANSARI, NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY HIROSHI TSUNODA, TOHOKU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ABSTRACT Wireless communications overcomes most geo- graphical, temporal, and organizational barriers Wireless telemedicine, also referred to as to the transfer of medical data and records. nic mobile health, which capitalizes on advances of In order to provide ubiquitous availability of wireless technologies to deliver health care and multimedia services and applications, wireless and exchange medical knowledge anywhere and any mobile technologies are evolving towards integra- BS2 time, overcomes most of geographical, temporal, tion of heterogeneous access networks such as and even organizational barriers to facilitate wireless personal area networks (WPANs), wire- remote diagnosis and monitoring, and transfer of less local area networks (WLANs), wireless WiMAX core networ medical data and records. In this article we metropolitan area networks (WMANs) as well as investigate the application of integrated IEEE third-generation (3G) and beyond 3G cellular 802.16/WiMAX and IEEE 802.11/WLAN broad- networks. A hybrid network based on IEEE band wireless access technologies along with the 802.11/WLANs and IEEE 802.16/WiMAX is a Internet related protocol issues for telemedicine services. strong contender since both technologies are We first review IEEE 802.11/WLAN and IEEE designed to provide ubiquitous low cost, high- 802.16/WiMAX technologies, and make a com- speed data rates, quality of service (QoS) provi- parison between IEEE 802.11/WLAN and IEEE sioning, and broadband wireless Internet access. .11e WLAN1 802.16/WiMAX. Then some open research issues IEEE 802.11/WLAN is the standard to provide Dual in the integrated IEEE 802.16/WiMAX and moderate- to high-speed data communications in gateway IEEE 802.11/WLAN networks are discussed, a short range generally within a building. The especially regarding QoS support, radio resource IEEE 802.16/WiMAX is the standard to provide The authors management, scheduling and connection admis- broadband wireless services requiring high-rate sion control schemes, as well as handover and transmission and strict QoS requirements in both investigate the mobility management. Finally, applications and indoor and outdoor environments. Furthermore, application of deployment scenarios of integrated IEEE IEEE 802.16/WiMAX network is a promising 802.16/WiMAX and IEEE 802.11/WLAN for solution to provide backhaul support for IEEE integrated IEEE telemedicine services are further deliberated. 802.11/WLAN hotspots. WiMAX has recently been implemented for telemedicine functionali- 802.16/WiMAX and INTRODUCTION ties [1]. The integrated network of IEEE 802.11/WLAN and IEEE 802.16/WiMAX can IEEE 802.11/ WLAN By deploying telecommunications technologies bring a synergetic improvement to the to deliver health care and share medical knowl- telemedicine services on coverage, data rates, and broadband wireless edge over a distance, telemedicine aims at pro- QoS provisioning to mobile users. There have access technologies viding expert-based medical care to any place been some ongoing projects related to mobile and at any time health care is needed. When the healthcare services using WLAN/WiMAX net- along with the first telemedicine services were provided, work such as Mobile Taiwan (M-Taiwan) [2] and telemedicine applications were implemented WiMAX Extension to Isolated Research Data related protocol over wired communications technologies such as (WEIRD) networks [3]. The major goal of M- plain old telephone network (POTN) and inte- Taiwan is to build a standard-compliant environ- issues for grated services digital network (ISDN). Howev- ment as the foundation for lifestyle applications er, recent developments in telemedicine resulting such as M-Service, M-Learning, and M-Life. In telemedicine from wireless advances are promoting wireless order to deliver such applications, WiMAX is services. telemedicine, also referred to as m-health or expected to be the preferred technology. WEIRD mobile health. Normally, wireless telemedicine aims to support novel applications, such as fire systems consist of wearable/implantable medical prevention, environmental monitoring, and tele- devices and wireless communications networks. medicine via WiMAX. Fourtest beds deployed in 30 1536-1284/10/$25.00 © 2010 IEEE IEEE Wireless Communications • February 2010 Authorized licensed use limited to: New Jersey Institute of Technology. Downloaded on February 20,2010 at 21:31:11 EST from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply. ANSARI LAYOUT 2/9/10 1:50 PM Page 31 Europe have been used to implement, test, and • Integrated services provided by the large net- The most validate the technical solutions developed within work capacity of WiMAX enabling fully func- the WEIRD project. Various advanced medical tional telemedicine services such as various fundamental applications such as remote follow-up, remote types of diagnostics, physical monitoring, diagnosis, intervention on non-transportable pharmaceutical and drug dosage management difference between patients, remote monitoring, remote assistance, services, good quality conversational commu- and medical e-learning are expected to be nications between a physician and a patient, WLAN and WiMAX is improved by using WiMAX. and consultation among medical specialists The remainder of this article is organized as • Medium access control (MAC) layer security that they are follows. First, we briefly review WLAN and features of WiMAX providing access control designed for totally WiMAX technologies. Afterward, a comparison and encryption functions for wireless between IEEE 802.11/WLAN and IEEE 802.16/ telemedicine services different applications. WiMAX is presented. A general telemedicine • QoS framework defined in 802.16e enabling system architecture and telemedicine QoS efficient and reliable transmission of medical WLAN is the requirements are introduced. Then some data research open issues in the integrated IEEE standard to provide 802.16/WiMAX and IEEE 802.11/WLAN net- COMPARISON BETWEEN WLAN AND WIMAX works are discussed, especially on QoS support, The most fundamental difference between moderate to high- radio resource management, scheduling and con- WLAN and WiMAX is that they are designed speed data nection admission control schemes, as well as for totally different applications. WLAN is the handover and mobility management. Finally, standard to provide moderate- to high-speed communications in a application and deployment scenarios of inte- data communications within a short range, gen- grated IEEE 802.16/WiMAX and IEEE erally within a building. On the other hand, short range; WiMAX 802.11/WLAN for telemedicine services are dis- WiMAX is the standard to provide Internet cussed and illustrated. access over a long range outdoor environment. is the standard to Besides the obvious difference in transmis- provide Internet WLAN AND WIMAX OVERVIEW sion range, there are a number of improvements in the radio link technology that distinguish access over a long WLAN OVERVIEW WiMAX from WLAN. WLAN standards describe four radio link interfaces that operate range outdoor WLANs are commonly used in their 802.11a, in the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz unlicensed radio bands. 802.11b, and 802.11g versions to provide wireless WiMAX standards include a much wider range environment. connectivity in home, office, and some commer- of potential implementations to address the cial establishments; they are also widely deployed requirements of carriers around the world. All in telemedicine systems. Since the early 1990s, WLAN implementations use unlicensed frequen- the industrial, scientific, and medical bands, 2.4 cy bands, but WiMAX can operate in either GHz and 5 GHz, have been made available for licensed or unlicensed spectrum. A detailed WLAN, among which the 802.11b and 802.11g comparison of WiMAX and WLAN technologies protocols are the most popular. IEEE 802.11b is summarized in Table 1. operates in the 2.4 GHz band and accommo- dates data rates of up to 11 Mb/s, whereas 802.11g, based on prthogonal frequency-division WLAN AND WMAN: BASIC INTEGRATION multiplexing (OFDM), operates in the same ISSUES band and provides data rates of up to 54 Mb/s. IEEE 802.11a also specifies an OFDM scheme, An integrated WiMAX and WLAN network can which is not backward compatible with the origi- be used to extend the coverage area of a WLAN nal 802.11b. It operates in the 5 GHz band with and augment the availability of e-healthcare ser- data rates of up to 54 Mb/s within 10 m, drop- vice using mobile wireless systems. However, to ping to about 6 Mb/s at a distance of 100 m. realize integrated WiMAX and WLAN networks IEEE 802.11 WLANs are most suitable for for e-healthcare service, many challenging prob- local telemedicine services, IEEE 802.11e can be lems such as QoS support, radio resource man- used for transmitting sensitive medical data with agement, scheduling, connection admission QoS support, and IEEE 802.11i provides securi- control, and handover management have to be ty support as an amendment to the original addressed. A taxonomy of related works is out- IEEE 802.11 standard by specifying security lined in Table 2, and the major contributions of mechanisms for WLANs. However, WLANs corresponding work on tackling various issues have limitations in terms of mobility and cover- are highlighted in Table 3. age area. QOS SUPPORT WIMAX OVERVIEW QoS support is vital in integrated WiMAX and IEEE 802.16/WiMAX is a good last-mile wire- WLAN for e-healthcare service because various less access solution that provides baseline fea- types of time-sensitive data should be communi- tures for flexibility in spectrum to be used all cated in such a service. For example, real-time over the world. Advantages of using WiMAX for communications and large enough bandwidth is wireless telemedicine applications over WLAN- required for transmitting high-resolution digital based systems can be summarized as follows: videos and images in mobile robotic systems.
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