Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 A Comparison of Wi-Fi and WiMAX with Case Studies Ming-Chieh Wu Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING A COMPARISON OF WI-FI AND WIMAX WITH CASE STUDIES By Ming-Chieh Wu A Thesis submitted to the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2007 The members of the Committee approve the Thesis of Ming-Chieh Wu defended on October 30th, 2007. Bruce A. Harvey Professor Directing Thesis Ming Yu Committee Member Simon Y. Foo Committee Member Approved: Victor DeBrunner, Chair, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ching-Jen Chen, Dean, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables…………………………..………….………………………………………..……vi List of Figures………………………………….…………………………………………….…vii List of Abbreviations……………………..………….………………………………………….ix ABSTRACT……………………………………………..……………………………………...xii CHAPTER ONE 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………....1 CHAPTER TWO 2. 3G…………………………………..…………………………………………………………..5 2.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………...…..5 2.2. Technologies…………………………………………………………………………...5 2.2.1. WCDMA……………………………….………………………………………..5 2.2.2. CDMA2000………………………………………………………………….…..6 2.2.3. TD-SCDMA……………………………………………………………….…….6 2.3. Development…………………………………………………..……………………….7 2.4. Cases………………………………………………………………..…………….…….8 2.5. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….……..9 CHAPTER THREE 3. IEEE 802.11, Wireless LAN…………………………………………………...……………..10 3.1. The background of IEEE 802.11…………………………………………….………10 3.2. Capacity……………………………………………………………………….….….11 3.3. The Physical Layer and MAC Layer…………………………………………...……14 3.3.1. The Physical Layer………………………………………………..……….….14 3.3.1.1. Introduction……………………………………………………….……14 3.3.1.2. PLCP and PMD…………………..………………………...……….……15 3.3.1.3. CS/CCA………………………………………………………….……….15 3.3.1.4. IEEE 802.11b, DSSS and HR-DSSS…………………………..…...…..16 3.3.1.4.1. Theory and Transmission method…………………………………16 3.3.1.4.2. Against interference……………………..…………………………17 3.3.1.4.3. PLCP and PMD of DSSS…………………….......................……..17 3.3.1.4.4. HR-DSSS and CCK…………………………………………..……18 3.3.1.4.5. PLCP and PMD of HR-DSSS………..……………....……………19 3.3.1.5. IEEE 802.11a and OFDM…………………………………………….…20 3.3.1.5.1. Background…………………………………………………..…….20 3.3.1.5.2. Principles…………………………………………………………..20 3.3.1.5.3. The IEEE 802.11a’s OFDM and its PLCP and PMD……………..22 3.3.1.6. IEEE 802.11g and the Physical Layer……………………………………24 3.3.1.6.1. Background and Backward Compatibility………….……...……24 3.3.1.6.2. ERP-OFDM and DSSS-OFDM………………………………..…..25 3.3.2. MAC Layer………………………………………………………………..…….27 3.3.2.1. Introduction……………………………………………...….……………27 3.3.2.2. DCF and PCF…………………………….……………………………..27 iii 3.3.2.3. Hidden node and CSMA/CA……………………………......……………28 3.3.2.4. Fragmentation………………………………………………………….30 3.3.2.5. Interframe spacing………………………………………………………..30 3.3.2.6. Power saving………………………………..…………………………….31 3.3.2.7. Security…………………………………….……………………………..32 3.4. The next generation standard…………………………………………………………..34 3.4.1. IEEE 802.11n…………………………………………..………………………..34 3.4.2. MIMO (Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output)………………….………………...…35 3.5. Limitation………………………………………………………..……………………..35 CHAPTER FOUR 4. IEEE 802.16, Wireless MAN………………………………………………………...……….37 4.1. The background of IEEE 802.16……………………………………...….………….37 4.2. Capacity of the IEEE 802.16 family………………………………………...…………39 4.2.1. IEEE 802.16………………………………………………………………….….39 4.2.2. IEEE 802.16a………………………………………………………………..…..39 4.2.3. IEEE 802.16c…………………………………………………………..………..39 4.2.4. IEEE 802.16-2004.……………………………………………...…...………….39 4.2.5. IEEE 802.16e-2005…………………………………………………………..….40 4.2.6. IEEE 802.16f, IEEE 802.16g and IEEE 802.16h……………….…………….40 4.3. The Physical Layer and MAC Layer…………………………….......…...……………42 4.3.1. IEEE 802.16-2004……………………………………………….………..…..42 4.3.1.1. Physical Layer…………………………………………….…………....42 4.3.1.1.1. Four transmission mode: SC, SCa, OFDM and OFDMA…………44 4.3.1.1.2. AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding)….…………………...44 4.3.1.1.3. Channel-quality Measurement……………………………………..45 4.3.1.1.4. OFDM in WiMax……………………...………….……………….45 4.3.1.2. MAC Layer……………………………………………………….…..…..46 4.3.1.2.1. Three sublayers: CS, CPS and SS…………...…….………………46 4.3.1.2.2. AAS (Advanced Antenna Systems)………………….…...……..47 4.3.1.2.3. QoS……………………………………………………..………….47 4.3.1.2.4. Security…………………………………………………………….49 4.3.1.2.4.1. Overview……………………………………...……………49 4.3.1.2.4.2. Overall Analysis………………….……………...………..52 4.3.2. IEEE 802.16e-2005, the newest standard…………………………………….....53 4.3.2.1. OFDMA-PHY………………………………...………………………..53 4.3.2.1.1. Background…………………..…………………………………….53 4.3.2.1.2. Frame structure…………………….………………………………53 4.3.2.1.3. Various Subcarrier Allocation Modes……………………………..54 4.3.2.2. MAC Layer…………..…………………………………………………..56 4.3.2.2.1. QoS…………………….…………………………………………..56 4.3.2.2.2. Power-saving………….………………………………………...…57 4.3.2.2.2.1. Sleep Mode…………….……………………………………57 4.3.2.2.2.2. Idle Mode……...…………………………………………….58 4.4. The future of WiMax…………………………….……………..……………………58 CHAPTER FIVE iv 5. Case study…………………………………………………………………………………….61 5.1. FSU wireless network………………………………………………………………….61 5.1.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………...……61 5.1.2. Implementation…………….……………………………………………………62 5.1.3. Analysis…………………………………………………………….…………73 5.1.4. Conclusion…………….……………………………………...…………………74 5.2. WiFly in Taipei……………………………..………………………………………….74 5.2.1. Introduction………………………..…………………………………………….74 5.2.2. Implementation………………………………………………………………….75 5.2.3. Analysis…………………………....………………………………………….83 5.2.4. Conclusion……………………….…………………………………………....86 5.3. Wibro in South Korea…………………………….……………………………………86 5.3.1. Introduction…………………………….………………………………………..86 5.3.2. History…………………………………………………………………….…..87 5.3.3. Implementation……………………………………………….......................…..88 5.3.4. Analysis……………………………………………………………………...….92 5.3.5. Conclusion……………………………..…………………….……………….....93 5.4 . Overall analysis………………………...………………………..……………..………94 5.5. Other developing wireless network………...……………………………….……….95 CHAPTER SIX 6. Conclusion…………………………………………………..…………………….………..98 BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………...…………………………….………..101 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH…………………………………………………………………110 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 802.3 Family……………………………………………………..…………..……….2 Table 3-1 Family of IEEE 802.11……………..……..……………………..…………………11 Table 3-2 Capacities for 802.11a/b/g……………….……...…………….………………………12 Table 3-3 IEEE 802.11b/g Channel Used for Different Countries……….……...………………12 Table 3-4 IEEE 802.11a Channel Use for North America…………….……………............13 Table 3-5 OFDM Modulation and Data Rate…………………...…………………..………..23 Table 4-1 The Basic Data of IEEE 802.16………………………………………...….41 Table 4-2 Modulation and Coding Supported in WiMax……………..…………..…..45 Table 4-3 OFDM Parameters Used for WiMAX…………………..…………..…….46 Table 4-4 Service Flows in WiMax……………………...……………………..…….48 Table 4-5 DL Distributed Subcarrier Permutation (FUSC)………….………..………55 Table 4-6 UL-DL Adjacent Subcarrier Permutation ………………………….………….……..56 Table 5-1 The Basic Information of FSUWIN………………………………………...…66 Table 5-2 Xirrus XS-3700 AP Technology Data………….……………………………....66 Table 5-3 Foundry Networks IP250 Technology Data……………...……….…….......….66 Table 5-4 Vivato 2.4 GHz Indoor & Outdoor Wi-Fi Switch Technology Data…...…..…68 Table 5-5 Parameters of WLAN and Mesh Network……………………….....………..70 Table 5-6 Features of Nortel Wireless Mesh Network………………..….…………..77 Table 5-7 The Numbers of Subscribers………………...……………..…………………79 Table 5-8 The Comparison of WiBro and WiMax……………………...….……………..92 Table 5-9 The Basic Data of FSUWIN, WiFly and WiBro…………..…………………96 Table 5-10 Current Internet Access Technologies……………….……..…………..……..97 Table 6-1 3G, Wi-Fi and WiMax Overall Comparison………………………….………..98 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 The Evolution of 3G………………………………...………...…………..7 Figure 3-1 OSI Model………………………………………..…………..…………..14 Figure 3-2 802.11 PLCP, PMD and MAC Structure…………..………………..……15 Figure 3-3 DSSS Transmission………………………………..…………………...…16 Figure 3-4 DSSS PLCP………………………………………..………………..……18 Figure 3-5 CCK Modulation…………………………………..……………………..19 Figure 3-6 HR/DSSS PLCP Framing…………………………..…………………….19 Figure 3-7 FDM and OFDM…………………………………..……………………..20 Figure 3-8 CP and PP………………………………………..…….…………………21 Figure 3-9 OFDM Modem……………………………………..….…………………22 Figure 3-10 Constellations Diagram…………………………..……………………..23 Figure 3-11 OFDM PLCP Structure………………………….………………………24 Figure 3-12 DSSS-OFDM PSDU Format………………………..…..………………26 Figure 3-13 DSSS-OFDM Long Preamble Structure……………..…………………..26 Figure 3-14 DSSS-OFDM Short Preamble Structure……………………..…………..27 Figure 3-15 The Hidden Node Problem………………………..………...……………28 Figure 3-16 CDMA/CA………………………………………..…………….………29 Figure 3-17 Virtual Channel Sensing…………………………..……………………..29 Figure 3-18 A Fragment Burst…………………………………..…………………....30 Figure 3-19 Frame Interval for IEEE 802.11…………...………..…………………..31 Figure 3-20 WEP Frame and Operation…………………………..…………………..33 Figure 3-21 The WEP Encryption Process………………………….………………..33 Figure 4-1 The Layer Structure of IEEE802.16……………………..………...………43 Figure 4-2 A Spatial Multiplexing MIMO System…………………....………………44 Figure 4-3 PKM Authorization Process and Parameters………………..…………….50