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Chapter 2 Economic Model of a Professional Football Club in France
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Stirling Online Research Repository Chapter 2 Economic model of a professional football club in France Nicolas Scelles and Wladimir Andreff The economic model of football clubs is a revenue model but also a cost model in relation to their objective. It can be defined as the search for balance between revenues, costs and objective, and the latter can vary: profit maximization, sporting maximization under strict constraint (“hard” constraint), or “soft” budget constraint (Andreff, 2009). In France, the revenue model of football clubs has evolved with time. This mutation fits in the switch from an SSSL (Spectators-Subventions-Sponsors- Local) model to an MMMMG (Media-Magnats-Merchandising-Markets-Global) model at the European level (Andreff & Staudohar, 2000). Before 1914, sport financing came mainly from practitioners (Bourg et Gouguet, 2001, p. 19). Thereafter, with competitions as spectacle, spectators have become the primary source of revenue, ahead of the subsidies granted by the local authorities and industry patrons. Advertising revenues have gradually become more and more important and, in the 1960s and 1970s, sponsorship increased significantly as firms were seeking more direct identification in terms of audience, image, reputation and sales (Andreff et Staudohar, 2000, p. 259) . In France, during the 1970s, operating revenues of first division football clubs came mainly from the spectators, supplemented by subsidies and sponsorship. The SSSL model was at its peak, with its “L” finding its justification in the fact that the revenues were generated from local or national residents. The 1980s is the starting point of a continuous increase in the share of TV rights income for French clubs. -
Il 6 Nazioni. All’Olimpico
IL 6 NAZIONI. ALL’OLIMPICO. ITALIA VS FRANCIA 3 FEBBRAIO ITALIA VS GALLES 23 FEBBRAIO ITALIA VS IRLANDA 16 MARZO © 2012 adidas AG. adidas, the 3-Bars logo and the 3-Stripes mark are registered trademarks of the adidas Group. trademarks registered mark are and the 3-Stripes logo adidas, the 3-Bars © 2012 adidas AG. l’italia del rugby veste adidas Indossa la nuova maglia ufficiale della Nazionale Italiana di Rugby e fai sentire la tua voce su vocidelrugby.com adidas.com M0203_150x210_MediaGuide_AD_Mischia.indd 1 15/01/13 14:31 INDICE Il saluto del Presidente . 2 Il saluto del Presidente del CONI . 4 Il saluto del Sindaco di Roma . 5 La Federazione Italiana Rugby . 6 Il calendario del 6 Nazioni 2013 . 7 Gli arbitri del 6 Nazioni 2013 . 8 La storia del Torneo . 9 L’Albo d’oro del Torneo . 11 Il Torneo dal 2000 ad oggi . 13 I tabellini dell’Italia nel 6 Nazioni . 26 Le avversarie dell’Italia Francia . 38 Scozia . 40 Galles . 42 Inghilterra . 44 Irlanda . 46 Italia . 48 Lo staff azzurro . 50 Il gruppo azzurro . 57 Statistiche . 74 Programma stampa Nazionale Italiana . 84 Gli alberghi dell’Italia . 86 Contatti utili . 86 Calendario 6 Nazioni 2013 Femminile . 88 Le Azzurre e lo Staff . 89 Calendario 6 Nazioni 2013 Under 20 . 92 Gli Azzurrini e lo Staff . 93 media guide 2013 1 Il saluto del Presidente E’ per me un grande piacere rivolgere un caloroso saluto, a nome mio personale e di tutta la Federazione Italiana Rugby, al pubblico, agli sponsor, ai media che seguiranno gli Azzurri nel corso dell’RBS 6 Nazioni 2013. -
Campus & Stadia Coverage
The inside track: providing in-building coverage during London 2012 Agenda • The challenge: why stadia deployments are like no other • The solution: what we did to provide in-building coverage during the London 2012 Games • The benefit: what the outcome was • Next steps… Some statistics • 9.6 million - tickets for sale • 700,000 (approx) - total capacity for all venues • 80,000 - capacity of the Olympic Stadium • 2,500 - tonnes of steel tubing recycled from old gas pipelines used for Stadium's roof • 12,000 sqm - size of the roof of the Aquatics Centre (one and a half times bigger than the football pitch at Wembley) The challenge • Stadia deployments are unlike standard in-building projects: • Very high density of users in one place • Exceptionally high traffic per user (sharing action with friends via social media, uploading of pics and video etc) • Static users so consistent coverage is required over entire area • Absence of clutter makes cell isolation difficult and requires special antennas The main London Olympic Stadium What we were asked to do • Provide in-building coverage for the on and off-park venues during the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. • Including: – Main Olympic Stadium – Aquatics Center – Catering Village – Earls Court – International Broadcast Center – Media and Press Center – Millennium Stadium The London Velodrome – Ricoh Arena – St James Park On-park venues supported • BTS Hotel – Master Units • Olympic Stadium • Aquatics Centre • Water Polo arena • Handball Arena (Copper Box) • Velodrome • Riverbank -
Jay-Z and Beyoncé Join Forces for Otr Ii Tour
JAY-Z AND BEYONCÉ JOIN FORCES FOR OTR II TOUR – Stadium Tour Kicks Off in UK & Europe on June 6; North American Leg Starts July 25th – – Citi, TIDAL, and Beyhive Pre-sales Begin March 14th – – Tickets On Sale to General Public Starting March 19th at LiveNation.com – LOS ANGELES, CA (Monday, March 12, 2018) – JAY-Z AND BEYONCÉ are joining forces for the newly announced OTR II stadium tour. Kicking off Wednesday, June 6th in Cardiff, UK, the international outing will stop in 15 cities across the UK and Europe and 21 cities in North America. The full itinerary can be found below. The tour is presented by Live Nation Global Touring in association with Parkwood Entertainment and Roc Nation. Tickets will go on sale to the general public starting Monday, March 19th at LiveNation.com and all usual outlets. On-sale dates and times vary (full on-sale schedule provided below). Citi is the official credit card for the OTR II stadium tour and as such, Citi cardmembers can take advantage of a special pre-sale opportunity for show dates in the United States, Europe and the UK. For performances going on sale on Monday, March 19th in the US and Europe, Citi cardmembers may purchase tickets beginning Wednesday March 14th at noon through Saturday, March 17th at 5pm (Citi pre-sale in Paris ends Friday, March 16th at 6pm). For concerts in the United Kingdom, Sweden and Poland, Citi cardmembers may access tickets starting Monday, March 19th at noon through Thursday, March 22nd at 5pm prior to the general on-sale on Friday, March 23rd. -
Stadio Flaminio, Italy
RBS 6 NATIONS VENUES – STADIO FLAMINIO STADIO FLAMINIO, ITALY Stadio Flamino, Viale Maresciallo, Pilsudski, Rome 00194, Italy Tel: +39 063 6851 Website: federugby.it Capacity: 33,000 Stadio Flaminio can boast being the only There were 24,000 inside when Italy marked their RBS 6 Nations stadium that has hosted action at an debut in the tournament with an opening day Olympic Games. In 1960 it was the venue for one of victory over Scotland on 5 February, 2000. the two Semi-Finals, the Bronze medal Play-Off and That grew to 24,973 for the win over Wales in FLAMINIO STADIO the Final of the Rome Olympics football tournament. 2007 and 30,000 for the 2008 triumph over the There were 40,000 packed in to see Yugoslavia beat Scots and the game against England in the same Denmark 3-1 on 10 September, 1960. year. More seats are being installed for this year’s The Millennium Stadium is set to join Stadio Championship with the capacity set to reach a Flaminio as an Olympic venue in 2012, when the new high of around 33,000. Games return to London. Stadio Flaminio is also home of Lega Pro1 Amatori Originally built in 1927 on the site of an older soccer side Ciso Roma and had hosted one of stadium, which had been erected in 1911 to Rome’s two rugby sides, Capitolina before its’ mark the 50th anniversary of the Unification relegation to the third division. of Italy. The current stadium was built in 1957, The ground hosted its first rugby international 75 ahead of the Rome Olympics. -
Föreningar I Förbundserierna Som Spelar Sina Hemmamatcher På Konstgräs 2013
Föreningar i förbundserierna som spelar sina hemmamatcher på konstgräs 2013 HERRAR Allsvenskan-Superettan-division 1 Antal/ Motsvarande siffror för Förening Hemmaarena - konstgräs Serie 2013 serie 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 IF Brommapojkarna Grimsta IP Allsvenskan Djurgården Tele2 Arena Allsvenskan IF Elfsborg Borås Arena Allsvenskan Gefle IF FF Strömvallen Allsvenskan IFK Norrköping FK Nya Parken (fd Idrottsparken) Allsvenskan Syrianska FC Södertälje Fotbollsarena Allsvenskan Åtvidabergs FF Kopparvallen Allsvenskan Totalt Allsvenskan 7 44% alt 7/16 44% (7/16) 31% (5/16) 31% (5/16) 19% (3/16) 25% (4/16) Assyriska FF Södertälje Fotbollsarena Superettan IK Brage Domnarvsvallen Superettan Hammarby Tele 2 Arena Superettan GIF Sundsvall Norrporten Arena Superettan Örebro Behrn Arena Superettan Östersunds FK Jämtkraft Arena Superettan Totalt Superettan 6 38% alt 6/16 25% (4/16) 44% (7/16) 31% (5/16) 38% (6/16) 19% (3/16) Dalkurd FF Domnarvsvallen Div 1 Norra Eskilstuna City FK Tunavallen Div 1 Norra IK Frej Täby Vikingavallen Div 1 Norra IFK Luleå Skogsvallen Div 1 Norra Sandvikens IF Arena Jernvallen Div 1 Norra Selånger FK Norrporten Arena Div 1 Norra Umeå FC T3 Arena (fd Gammliavallen) Div 1 Norra Vasalunds IF Skytteholms IP Div 1 Norra Västerås SK FK Swedbank Park Div 1 Norra Totalt div 1 Norra 9 64% alt 9/14 64% (9/14) 50% (7/14) 50% (7/14) 43% (6/14) 50% (7/14) IF Limhamn Bunkeflo Limhamns IP Div 1 Södra IK Oddevold Thordengården Div 1 Södra Qviding FIF Valhalla IP Div 1 Södra IF Sylvia Nya Parken (fd Idrottsparken) Div 1 Södra Utsiktens -
Spotlight on Oval Content
SPOTLIGHT ON OVAL CONTENT HISTORY AND HERITAGE PAGE 2-8 TRANSPORT PAGE 9-14 Set between the neighbourhoods of Vauxhall and Kennington, Oval is a community with tree-lined EDUCATION streets and tranquil parks. A place to meet friends, PAGE 15-21 family or neighbours across its lively mosaic of new bars, cafés, shops and art galleries. A place that FOOD AND DRINK feels local but full of life, relaxed but rearing to go. PAGE 22-29 It is a place of warmth and energy, adventure and opportunity. Just a ten-minute walk from Vauxhall, CULTURE Oval and Kennington stations, Oval Village has a PAGE 30-39 lifestyle of proximity, flexibility and connectivity. PAGE 1 HISTORY AND HERITAGE A RICH HISTORY AND HERITAGE No. 1 THE KIA OVAL The Kia Oval has been the home ground of the Surrey County cricket club since 1845. It was the first ground in England to host international test cricket and in recent years has seen significant redevelopment and improved capacity. No. 2 LAMBETH PALACE For nearly 800 years, Lambeth Palace, on the banks of the river Thames, has been home to the Archbishop of Canterbury. The beautiful grounds host a series of fetes and open days whilst guided tours can be booked in order to explore the rooms and chapels of this historic working palace and home. PAGE 4 PAGE 5 No. 3 HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT The Palace of Westminster, more commonly known as the Houses of Parliament, has resided in the centre of London since the 11th Century. Formerly a royal residence it has, over the centuries, become a centre of political life. -
Dimensions of Football Stadium and Museum Tour Experiences: the Case of Europe’S Most Valuable Brands
sustainability Article Dimensions of Football Stadium and Museum Tour Experiences: The Case of Europe’s Most Valuable Brands Ana Brochado 1,*, Carlos Brito 2, Adrien Bouchet 3 and Fernando Oliveira 4 1 Centre for Socioeconomic and Territorial Studies (DINÂMIA’CET), ISCTE—Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal 2 Faculty of Economics, University of Porto, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal; [email protected] 3 Collins College of Business, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA; [email protected] 4 ISCTE—Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: In the context of football’s globalisation, some of the most important football clubs (FCs) can currently be classified as ‘entertainment multinationals’. Sport hospitality provides opportunities to maximise club stadiums’ use so that they can increase clubs’ annual turnover and function as branding platforms. This study sought to identify the main narratives shared online about—and the dimensions of—visitors’ experiences with top football brands in stadium tours. The data collected for this research comprised 400 text reviews for 10 European FCs’ stadiums (i.e., 4000 reviews) written by visitors in the post-experience phase. Content analysis of these Web reviews was conducted using Leximancer software. The results confirm the existence of 15 themes: fan, tour, stadium, team, museum, room, staff, game, (best) place, ticket, seating, recommend(ation), food, shop and attraction. Most researchers have examined stadium tours from a supply-side perspective. The present study’s Citation: Brochado, A.; Brito, C.; Bouchet, A.; Oliveira, F. Dimensions aim was, therefore, to contribute to the existing literature by analysing stadium tours’ dimensions of Football Stadium and Museum from the visitors’ point of view. -
Site Specific Conditions for Geraldine Mary Harmsworth (GMH) Park
Site specific conditions for Geraldine Mary Harmsworth (GMH) Park Information, guidance and conditions of use, in relation to putting on events: This document has been produced to provide information to event organisers who wish to use Geraldine Mary Harmsworth Park to host their event. It must be read in conjunction with Southwark’s outdoor events policy. Event proposals, or applications that include an element (or elements) of activity, which contravene any conditions set out in this document may still be considered, if it is thought that the activity will have no significant, additional impact on the site as a result of the contravention. In these instances, an appropriate level of consultation with site stakeholders will be carried out before a decision to approve the event is made. 1. Site address Geraldine Mary Harmsworth Park St Georges Road London SE1 6ER 2. Entrance gates St Georges Road (Pedestrian and vehicle access) Lambeth Road (Pedestrian and vehicle access) Kennington Road (Pedestrian ) Brook Drive (vehicle access) Geraldine Street (Pedestrian) 3. Site opening times The site is open at all times 4. Transport links All event organisers will be required to advocate the use of public transport as a means of getting to an event. Tube and train: Elephant and Castle and Lambeth North Buses: 3, 12, 53, 148, 453, C10, 344, 360, 59, 159 5. Site information; Site access Keys for gates and/or bollards may need to be issued to event organisers in order to access certain areas of GMH Park. The issuing of keys will be agreed and arranged by the Events team. -
Kennington/Oval
Lambeth Local Plan Proposed Submission November 2013 Kennington/Oval • realise the added potential contribution of St Mark’s churchyard to the public realm 11.77 The Kennington/Oval area sits between the railway viaduct in the west and Kennington • support improvements to Kennington Park Park in the east. It has good transport links to including its heritage attributes the West End and the City and for this reason • make more effective use of premises and is a much sought-after area to live in. The sites within the area and the opportunities area is served by three tube stations (Vauxhall, they provide – including at Kennington Kennington and Oval) and has numerous bus Business Park and those arising from the services to other parts of Lambeth and Central Oval House Theatre’s intention to relocate to London. It includes the local centres along Brixton – in order to build on and contribute Kennington Lane, Kennington Cross, Clapham to the area’s qualities. Road and Brixton Road. It has a very clearly defined and distinctive sense of place and contains St Mark’s Church, a grade II* listed 11.82 The Oval gasometers are hazardous building; Kennington Park, a registered Historic installations. Proposals for development in Park; the nearby world famous Oval cricket the vicinity of the gasometers should seek stadium; and the well known Oval gasometers. and give due weight to advice from the The area around the park and the church Health and Safety Executive and mitigation and the area around Kennington Cross are measures should be included as necessary. conservation areas. -
Mer Information Om Invigningen Av Tele2 Arena – Det Här Händer 24 Augusti
PRESSMEDDELANDE 2013-08-13 Mer information om invigningen av Tele2 Arena – det här händer 24 augusti Det blir festivalkänsla i Globenområdet 24 augusti när Tele2 Arena firar sitt öppnande med konserter, aktiviteter för hela familjen och en efterfest som håller på in på småtimmarna. Hela dagen kan besökarna helt gratis lyssna på musik från liveartister och gå guidade turer i arenan. Klockan 19.00 startar sen den stora invigningskvällen där Kent, Robyn och Lars Winnerbäck samt pophoppet Zhala bjuder på något av det bästa i musikväg i Sverige just nu. Nattugglor och danssugna kan sedan fortsätta kvällen på efterfesten i arenan som tar vid efter konserterna och håller på fram till kl. 02.00. Dagaktiviteter Kalaset inleds kl. 12.00 med musik, dj’s, och aktiviteter för hela familjen – autografskrivning, ansiktsmålning och ballongtrolleri bland annat. På en tillfällig scen som byggs upp på Globentorget ger Markoolio, Pernilla Andersson och Panetoz varsin konsert, representanter från Globenområdets hemmalag finns på plats och möjligheter att vinna biljetter till kvällens konsert kommer att finnas. Den som vill är välkommen på en smygtitt i arenan kl. 12.00-13.00 eller vid någon av de guidade visningar som ordnas i arenan under eftermiddagen. Dagsaktiviteterna är öppna för alla och är helt gratis. Dessutom kommer det att finnas barer och matserveringar på området. Invigningskonserten Sten Nordin (M), finansborgarråd, Madeleine Sjöstedt (FP), kultur- och fastighetsborgarråd och Ninna Engberg, VD Stockholm Globe Arenas inviger officiellt arenan och därefter blir det svensk popmusik av hög klass. Kent, Robyn och Lars Winnerbäck står för första gången på samma scen och pophoppet Zhala inleder konsertkavalkaden som pågår mellan kl. -
UK TV Outside Broadcast Fibre Connected Venues
UK TV Outside Broadcast fibre connected venues From UK venues to a North of England Arenas Middlesbrough FC Blackpool Winter Gardens Newcastle United FC worldwide audience Sheffield United FC Echo Arena Liverpool Manchester Arena Wigan Athletic FC Football and training Horse racing grounds Aintree Racecourse Barnfield (Burnley FC) Beverley Racecourse Burnley FC Carlisle Racecourse Carrington Complex Cartmel Racecourse (Man Utd FC) Catterick Racecourse Darsley Park (Newcastle FC) Chester Racecourse Etihad Complex (Man City FC) Haydock Racecourse Scotland Everton FC Market Rasen Racecourse Arenas St Johnstone FC Finch Farm (Everton FC) Pontefract Racecourse Hallam FM Academy Redcar Racecourse SEC Centre St Mirren FC (Sheff Utd FC) Thirsk Racecourse Football and Horse racing Leeds United FC Wetherby Racecourse training grounds Ayr Racecourse Leigh Sports Village York Racecourse Aberdeen FC Hamilton Racecourse Liverpool FC Celtic FC Kelso Racecourse Manchester City FC Rugby AJ Bell Stadium Dundee United FC Musselburgh Manchester United FC Leigh Sports Village Hamilton Academical Racecourse Melwood Training Ground FC Perth Racecourse (Liverpool FC) Newcastle Falcons Hibernian FC Rugby Kilmarnock FC Scotstoun Stadium Livingstone FC Motherwell FC Stadiums Rangers FC Hampden Stadium Ross County FC Murrayfield Stadium Midlands and East of England Arenas West Bromwich Albion FC Birmingham NEC Wolverhampton Coventry Ricoh Arena Wanderers FC Wales and Wolverhampton Civic Hall Horse racing Football and Cheltenham Racecourse training grounds Gloucester