Aquatic Invertebrate Fauna of the Two Peoples Bay Area, Southwestern Australia

Journal of the Royal Society of Westem Australia, 76: 25-32, 1993

Aquatic invertebrate fauna of the Two Peoples Bay area, southwestern Australia

14, 15 2R W Storey, A Halse & J Shiel

lDePartment of Conservation and Land Managemen! Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51, Wanneroo WA 6065 2Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre, PO Box 921, Albury NSW 2640

Ma usctipt receioed luly 1992; accepted Decenbet 1992

Abstract The aquatic invertebrate fauna of four rivers and streams and three lakes in the Two Peoples Bay area, southwestern Australia, was sampled in June 1990 and February 1991. A total of 247 taxa were recbrded: ll0 in flowing waters, 170 in standing walers and 33 common to bolh habitats. lncreased sampling intensity in February 1991 revealed a diverse microinvertebrate fauna of 47 ta\a of Protozoa and Rotifera. The macroinvertebrate fauna was similar to that reDorted previouslv from aouatic eco\vstems in southwestern Austratia. fh irty-si^ species of m icroinvertebrates 1) Protozoi, 2 I Rotifdra, 10 Chdocera and 3 Copepodal were new records for southwestern Australia and, in many cdses, Austra[a. The number of new records reflects greater sampling and taxonomic effort than has been used previously in southwestern Australia, but also suggests southwestern Australia may have a distinctive miirofauna.'

Introduction The Coodga system comprises the Goodgd River, Moates Lake and Cardner Lake and enters the setin Two Peoples Peoples Two Bay is an important area for wildlife Bav. The slow-flowing Goodga fuver arises approximaiely conservation. It is best known as the last refuge for the 20-km inland. ln its u[per reiches, the river fid.s thro,lgir Noisy Scrub-bird Atricholnis clamosus and a nature reserve cleared farmland before entering the reserve and dischary- was proclaimed in 7966 to protect this species. Because of ing inlo Moates Lake (Fig I ). the significance of the reserve thete have been numetous surveys of its terrestrial flora and fauna, as well as detailed Moates Lake has an area of 144 ha, 82 ha ofwhich consists studies of the Noisy Scrub-bird (Smith 1985, Smith & of fringing sedges. It is one of the deepest natural lakes in Calver 1984). southwestern Australia, with a maximum depth of c. 5 m. Wetlands form a significant component of the reserve, Much of the southern shore has been inundaGd by a large comp sing between 8.5% and 15.8% of the 4745 ha depend- calcareous sand dune. The Goodga River flows from ing on time of year. The reserve and adjacent area contain Moates Lake into Gardner Lake, which covers 164 ha and three major lakes, two small rivers and numerous creeks. has 25 ha of fringing sedges and occasionally inundated Water deptlr salinity and pH of the lakes have been woodland. There is-occasional inflow from ihe sea into monitored for a number of years (Lane & Munro '1983) and Gardner Lake during spring tides and storm surges. their waterbird populations have been surveyed Iaenschef al. 1988, Halse et al. 1992). The Angove system consists of the Angove River and Angove Lake joins This paper reports results of surveys o[ the aquatic and the Coodga system on the seaward q90 side of Gardner L;ke. The Angoie River is short ('14 km) invertebrate fauna of the Two Peoples Bay area in Iune I and February 1991. Results are compared with data from and moderately fast-flowing. The upper reaches of the river aquatic invertebrate work elsewhere in southwestern Aus- flow through uncleared Witer Reierve but there is some tralia. For streams these data come principally ftom the cleared farmland around the lower reaches (Fig l). The northern forest and Swan Coastal Plain (Bunn river is regulated by a pipehead dam built in 1912-13 ro iarah ef al. supply 1q86, Storey & Edward 198C, Storey et al. 1990), the karri water to the town of Albanv. Situated downstream of the dam, forest (Growns & Davis 1q91, Growns lq92) and the Angove Lake has an area of 50 ha. It contains southem acid peat flats (Pusey & Edward 1990). very extensive beds of sedges and tittle open water; associated swamps and inundated land arouid the lake increase the overall wetland Studies of fresh lentic waterbodies have been restdcted area to 120 ha. to permanent and seasonal wetlands on the Swan Coastal The Plain (Balla 1993, Davis et a1.1993, GtowrLs et a|.1992) and streams of the Mt Gardner headland system flow through dense /heath the southem acid peat flats (Pusey & Edward 1990), shrub in steep incised gullies. Web- temporary pools on granite outcrops south of 32' latitude sters CulJy and West Cully are permanent dnd flow into the (Bayly 7982), and wetlands of the Lake Muir system sea/ some of the streams flow inland to disappear at the (DeHaan 1987). base of the headland- Study area Two Peoples Bay (34'57'5 118"10'E) is located on the Methods south coast of Western Australia, appro\imately 25 km east Study sites were selected on the three lakes, on the main of Albany. The area contains three di.tincl drainage sys- channels of the hryo rivers and on the lower reaches of West tems: the Goodga, the Angove, and the upland streams of and Websters Gullies, which were chosen as being repre- the Mt Gardner headland (Fig 1). sentative of permanent streams on Mt Gardner headland (Fig 1). O Royal Society of Westem Australia 1993 25 Journal of the Royal Societ) of Western Australia, T6 (l), Varch l9q3

Uncleared Beserve

Uncleared Reserve

G o, O, o1

Two Peoples Bay Lake Nature Reserve

SOUTHERN

O 1 2 3 4 skm

Figure 1. Streams and lakes, showhg the location of the sampling sites in the Two Peoples Bay area. There is a small part Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve around Angove Lake 26 Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 76 ( l), Ma rch I993

Qualitative samples of the aquatic invertebrate fauna at In:ummer, dissolved oxygen levels were very low in West each sile were collected in June lgq0 and February lgql. Cullv and Websters Culiiand moderatelv ldw in Ansove Additional samples of Cladocera were taken in Sepiember Ri\ e; ( table t ). West cilly had sroppe'd flowing #hen 1990. AII major habitats (,.e. water column, submerged and sampled in summer and consisted of a series o[ challow emerSent macrophytes, leaf litter, submerged wood, or- pools; flow rate was very low in Webrters Gullv. Angove ganic deposits, sand gravel beds, cobbles and bedrockl Rjver continued to flow'moderalely strongly iir surimer were sampled by hand and with standard FBA pondnets in but the flow rate was low in Gooilga Ririei which had June and February to ma\imise the number of tar,a become virtually a series of long pooG. collected. Rivers and streams were sampled using a mesh size of 250 gm. Lakes were sampled initially with a mesh A, total ot 247 taxa of invertebrates were collected from size of 110 Um but thjs was reduced to 50 um in September the seven sites (see Appendix). Excluding protozoans and and February to retain more microinvertebrates. rotifers (because sampling effort was unequal between seasons), 127 taxa were collected in winter, 152 in summer In the laboratory, samples were elutriated in water to and 79 taxa were common to both seasons. Thirty-nine per separate organic and inor8anic h'actions. Invertebrates cent and 45 per cent of taxa were restricted to flowing and were removed from organic fractions by eye and under a standinB walers, respectitely. Seventy-five per cenl of the binocular dissecting microscope. Specimens were usually 33 taxa iommon to bblh flowing and itandirig waters were identified to genus or species. When this was not possible, present in both seasons. Of the taxa restricted to one type of specimens were matched with previously curated voucher water-body, 32 per cent were present in both seasons. specimens. Apparently new microinvertebrate taxa were stored in 10% glycerol/water on microslides for later Rivers and streams contained 110 taxa (see Appendix). taxonomic treatment. Sixty-three taxa were collected in winter and 96 in summer, with 45 per cent of the fauna being common to both In association with the invertebrate sampling, water seasons. Eightythree taxa were collected from the two depth. salinity (total dissolved solids; TDS). pH, tempera- 'lowland' rivers and 56 from the headland streams, with 11 ture and dissolved orygen (expressed as percentage satura- per cent of the fauna being common to the four sites. tion) were measured at each site on each occasion. Angove River contained 53 taxa, with 55, 40 and 43 taxa taken from Goodga River, West Gully and Websters Gully, Community composition in lotic and lentic sites at Two respectively. Peoples Bay was compared, on the basis of major taxonomic groups, with previous studies in similar habitats in The three lakes contained 170 taxa (see Appendix). southwestern Australia. Excluding proto/oans and rotifers, 95 taxa were iaken in winter, 93 in summer and 30 per cent of the fauna was common to both sedsons. lncldding protozoans and roti_ fe-rs, 96 tara occurred in Angove Laf,e, 72 in Gardner Lake, Results 85 in Moates Lake. Seventeen per cent ot lhe fauna was common to the three lrles Salinity was

Most of the waler-bodies were neutral with resoect to DH Discussion but Angove fuver was s[ghtly acidic and Gardner Like Communit5r composition was alkaline in summer (Tabte 1). Angove River, West Gutly and Websterc Cully had the lowest water tempera- Few species (17%) occtrred in all three lakes at Two tures in summer, which reflected a treater amount of Peoples Bay_- The same phenomenon was noted in closely shading. Where sampled, the Goodga River was an open adjacent billabongs on the fuver Munay floodplain by channel with little dparian vegetation. Dissolved oxygen Hiltman & Sh el alqcl). l hel proposed that species were levels were high in winter dt all sampling sites eicipt responding to inter-habitat differences and that different Angove fuver and in flooded woodland at Gardner Lake. species occurred under slightly different conditions.

Table 1 Some physical and chemical parameters of the streams and lakes at Two Peoples Bay that wele sampled for invertebrates in June 1990 (Winter) and February 1991 (Summer).

Parameter Season Angove Goodga West Webste6 Angove Gardner Moates Iliver River Cully Cully Lake Lake Lake

'1.75 Depth (m) 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.30 2.60 4.39 S 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.60 1.59 '1.82 3.96 . 0.25 Salinity (g Lr) 0.56 0.44 0.18 0.s8 0.88 0.47 S 0.26 0.52 0.55 0.32 0.64 2.55 0.42 5.88 6.31 6.54 6.75 6.78 7.60 6.68 PH S 5.6s 6.29 6.00 6.66 7.13 8.98 7.27 13.1 11.4 10.8 Temp ('C) 11.4 13.3 70.7 11.5 S 76.6 23.7 16.8 16.2 26.0 22.6 25.5 72.0 87.0 93.0 93.0 96.0 99.s* 95.5 D.O. (%) 't16 S 67.0 91.0 29.0 49.0 7L4 11.7

*23% in flooded melaleuca woodland 27 Joumal of the Royal Society of Westem Australia, 76 (1), March 1993

Overall, the rivers and streams at Two PeoDles Bav were Cladotanytarsus ?mancus, Chironomus all. olternans, lhe em- similar in communjty composition to other stieams siudied pididan larvae, the trichopteran Hellyethira malleoJorma and in southwestern Australia (Table 2). The number of taxa the copepod Eucyclops aistrnliensi. ivere recorded only in varied considerablv between studies but that mav have summer (see Appendix). been a result of diiferent numbers of sampling siies and sampling frequency. The chironomids Orthocladiinae sp. VTPBI, Tanytarsini In contrast, communitv composition apoeared to varv sp.A, Orthocladiinae sp. A, the coleopteran Lancetes lanceo- among the lake studies iTable 2), with iwo peoples Ba'y /rfar, the cladoceran'cf. Pleuroxus sp. A, the copepods being dominated by microinvertebrates while ihe pejt Microcyclops sp. A and Onqchocamptis chathamensis were lakes, especiatly, contained relatively more insects. With- collected onlv in winter out additional sampling, it is uncliar how many of the differences between lakes were a result of different sam- S"uroautity p[-ng methods, sampling intensity and varying ta\onomic of aquatic invertebrates in streams of the northern forest has previouslv (Bunn effort. lt should be noted, however, thai r5tifers were iafiah been reported er.amined only in the Two et 01. 198b, Storev ef al. lq90). Bunn et al. 11o861 pioposed Peoples Bay study and, owing to that predic[able the nature of the project, tittle-effort ivas sfent identifdng the climate of southwestern Au;tralia resulted in microcrustaceans or chironomids at Lake Muir rDpH.ran the aquatic fauna of forested streams develop- 1987\. ing synchronized [fe-cycles (Bunn Ic88) that give rise io distinct differences beiween the faunas oI i'inter and Seasonality summer. Seasonali$r has also been observed in the aquatic fauna of streams inihe karri foresl (Crowns & Davis'l9gl, Seasonality was evident in the occurtence of some taxa Crowns 1992). It is likely that this pattem applies to most from both howing and standing waterbodies at Two waterbodies of southwestern Australia but, with the e\cep- Peopfes Bay. For example, the ahironomids Cladopehla tion of Balla (1993), there are no data on lile histories arid cuttiaollla, Procladius paludicola, :Hamischia sp. ffitn+, seasonality of invertebrates in standing waters.

Table 2 Number of taxa identified in maior taxonomic Sroupings in studies of the invertebrate fauna of some rivers, streams and lakes in south-westem Austtalia

Lakes Two Peoples Jarah Icrri Acid Deat Two PeoolesSwan Coastal - .', . Acid peat tolP forestl flals+ Ba,r' Plaint flatsa Protozoa ?' 6 Rotilera 4t

Nematoda 11 1 1_ Mollusca 18 31 2 13 ; ; Annelida 11 11 1 5 3 1 Arthropoda Arachnida 8 1 4 6 20 11. 9 Crustacea Cladocera 1 5 4 26 1 Ostracoda 3 5 3 4 9 26 5 g7 Copepoda 4 9 4 1.7 10 1 47 Decapoda 4 3 1 1 4 2 3 1 Amphipoda 5 4 4 3 3 2 3 Isopoda 3 2 1 1 Others i I 1 : I Insecta Diptera Chironomidae 28 86 36 27 24 23 9 30 Others 15 44 56 10 20 5 8 Odonata 8 17 7 I 3 13 5 1 Hemiptera 10 2 18 't2 2 Ephemeroptera 4 7 9 2 1 2 1 2 Plecoptera 2 3 2 1 2 Tdchoptera 13 36 20 9 5 5 10 13 Coleoptera 7 33 11 42 23 Others 2 1 2 ! I 1 2 1 Others 11 2 2 TOTAL 110 287 17-l 80 170 245 99 103 NO. OF SITES 4 >30 22 2 3 40 4 67 NO. OF SAMPLING 't2 OCCASIONS 123 5 2 3 2 57 lThis study 2B]Jnn et al. (1986), Storey & Edwad, (1989), Stotey et al. (1990) 3crowns & Davis (1991), Growns (1992) aPusey & Edward (199oFcollembola omitted 5Davis et al. (1993), Growns et al. (1992) 6De Haan (1987Fcollembola omitted TExtra samplingby I A E Bayly 3'Ibn sites were sampled only {our times

28 Journal of the Royal Society of Westem Australia, 75 (1), March 1993

Some life history strdtegres result in taxd being present in the existence of at least two, and possibly several, unde- waterbodies all yedr. For erarnple, the amphipod L.lnriena scribed species in the small sample from Two Peoples Bay salos4, the trichopteran Smicrophylax aaslralis and lhe ani- supports Koste el4l.'s (1983) betief that there is a compara- sopteran Aristrodeschna anacanlha are known to require tively high tevel of endemism in the southwestern Austra- more thdn one year lo reach mdturity (Bunn lC88);nd, lian rotifer fauna. therefore, it is not surpdsing that they occured in both summer and winter at Two Peoples Bay. The ephemerop- The distinctiveness and richness of the Western Austra- terc Nyungaro bunni ar,d the tdchopteran Taschoreia lian cladoceran fauna was pointed out bv Frev (1991). ln pallescens also occurred in both seasons; Bunn (1988) revising Ihe tdxonomv ot' Australian ioecijs formerlv described these species as multivoltine, with overlapping assigne-d to lhe genus- Ple rorr., he desiribed two neiv geneiations breeding all year. genera and four new species from southwestem Australia and suggested that ttiere has been significant adaptive Terestrial species radiation compared with eastern australia. Of thi 27 cladoceran tari collected from Two Peoples Bay, at least Si\ taxa collected in this study (the ostracod ?Mesorypris five species appear to be undescribed (B iaitertura ip,Ml., cl. sp. 291. the amphipods Agilesii| sp. A and Attstrotroides Pleuroxus sp. A._Chydoridae sp. Al, Chydoridae sp. M2 peclinalis and lhe three isopods) are usually regarded as and Macroth cidae gen. nov.). lenestrial but we are confident thdt, with the possible e\cepiion of ?Mesocypris sp. 291, alJ were submerged in The fugh level of endemicity among calanoid copepods lakes, rivers or streams when collected. in Western Auslralia was noted by Maly & Bayly (lgcl). The harpacticoid copepods we collected support Hd- In addition to West Gully and Gardner Lake, the isopod mond's (1987) suggestion that an interesting fauna awaits Styloniscus austrdliensis australiens;s has been recorded from discovery in southwestern Australia. Canthocamptidae sp. submerged root mats in a subteranean stream in Western A is possibly undescribed and the record o[ Schrzopela Australia (B Knott, unpubl. data). The species appears to clancleslina from Cardner Lake is the fust in the southern have a facultative aquatic life-history. Another isopod with hemisphere of a species previously known only from the branchial morphology of a terestdal species, Halo is- westem Europe. The occurrence ol a species of lrptomeso- cus stepheni, was rccently found submerged in salt lakes (A .r/, in Websters Cully is unusual: there are very few J A Green, S Halse and B Knott, unpubl. data). Re- records of lhe genus from other than the benthos bf the examination of the amount oI time 'terestriaf isopods open sea or,less commonlv, coarse sand on a marine shore spend in aquatic situations seems wafianted. 1R Hammond, pers. comm.). Most Richness and endemism cyclopoid copepods could be identified only to genus because the taxonomy of the group is poorly kaown. The macroinvertebrate fauna streams and dvers in Undescribed species occur in Western Australia (D W of 'comm.) southwestern Australia is depauperate in comparison to Morton, pers. but the level of endemicity is southeastern Australia (Bunn & Davies 1990). The same unknown. applies to the native fish fauna (AUen 1982, Merrick & Schmida 1984). However, this study sugtested that the There are many undescdbed species of ostracod in fresh wetland microfauna is rich$ than previously recognized: and saline waters of southwestern Austmlia (P DeDeckker there were many new records for Western Australia and in & S A Halse, unpubl. data). Of ta\a collected at Two some cases, Australia. Many of the taxa were undesc bed. People' Bay, the genus P1tllirLnocltherc is known to be represented in Australia only by the Two Peoples Bay Protozoan communities of inland waters of Western specimens and an undescribed species from Ellen Brool on Au5tralia are virtually unstudied. Foirsner & O'Donoghue the Swan Coastal Pl ain. Gomphotlella afL mcla collected from (1q90, described five'new species from a freshwater iond Two Peoples Bay is widespread in southwestern Australia in Perth and Postefai. ('lc83i described l4newspecieshom but is distinct from the eastern Australian species G. maia a saline lagoon north of Perth. fa\a identifi-ed at Two (DeDeckker 1981, and pers. comm.). Peoples Bay were all testate amoebae, the cases of which were noted whilsl searchint for larger microfauna. Most could be identified only to genus. It qeems lilely lhat Salinity and disturbance Auslralia has a distinctive protozoan fauna but lack of data prevents speculation about the fauna of different regions. With the exception of Gardner Lake, which becomes brackish in summer, all waterbodies sampled at Two Little is known of the rotifer communities of Westem Peoples Bay were fresh (Table 1). Furthermoie, vegetation Australia. Koste etal. (1983) reviewed available records and was intact around the lakes and there had been minimal listed 83 taxa from the southwest. Given that 21 of the 41 impact of human activitv on the aquatic syslems. 'salinationThis is rotifers collected at Two Peoples Bay were not listed by unusual in southwesterri A ustralia,'where as a Koste ef a/. ( l-983), it would seem thai many more specie! resull of land-clearing is widespread (Schofield et ai. lc88). remain to be found. Areas in eastern Austraiia of conipara- Many fresh waterbodies on the Swan Coastal Plain have ble size to the southwest of Westem Australia have 30b-500 been modified or become eutrophic (Halse 1989) and the rotiler species (R J Shiel, unpubl. data). extreme southwest of Western Australia, ftom Two Peoples Bay to _Augusta, iq the only retlon containing eyteniive Many rotifers dppear to be cosmopolitan or very widely- areas of undisturbPd wetlands dispersed (Dumont I983). Collections from Two Peoplis Bay contained the first records ol kcane imbricala ind Many species of aquatic invetebrate cannot tolerate low Monostyla rhophaluta for Australia (see Appendix) and at levels of salinity (Hart pt r/. l9cl) or the extent of distur- least two undescribed species (Monostyla sp. nov. A and bance common'on the Swan Coastal Plain lGrowns et a/. Notommata sp. nov. A). Furthetmore, several taxa (identi- 1992;Davis el al. l9c3). Some species-persisted in the wetlands of Two fied to Senus in Appendix) resembled rotifers known from Peoples Bay have probably only because the eastern Australia but had slightly different morphology. waterbodies are relatively undisturbed. T[ is likelv the Although studies on populations from both sides of ilie wetlands of the extreme 3outhwest o{ Westem Auitralia continent are required to determine whether this repre- will be important for the future conservation of freshwater sented ecotypic variation or reflected east-west divergence, invertebrates.

29 Joumal of the Royal Society of Westem Australia, 75 (1), March 1993

Biogeography Dumont H I1983 Bioseosiaphy ofrotifers. Hydrobiologia 104:19-30. Little is known about the biogeography of aquatic Ioisner W & O DonoBhue I I laoo MorphnlnSy and rnra.iliarurc ur .ome te:h$ater ciliatF. rfroto:oa r rb"phoril h^m We.tprn dnJ SuJrh invedebrates of Westem Australia but we speculate that: \u.t,aLd. ln\erlebldre 1}onomv i hot ns{' (1) Rotifers and microcrustaceans, which have drought- Irrey D C Iqol fhe -pe.ic. ut f1e o.1r.. dnd of rhree retJl,d generd resistant slages and poor powers of aclive dispersal Anotrropodd. (h) doridael ,n -uulhcrn AL"rrdlia dn.t Nes 7;aldnd Recoids @umont 1983), probably have experienced considerable of the Australian Museum 43:291-372. radiation and, therefore, show a high degree of endemism Growns I O 1992 Macroinverrebrate communiiv sirucrure in the srreams of the \oulhdm toren (Frey 1991). More mobile groups, such as insects and waier regon or Wenem {urralia: the influen.p nf .ed.onalilt. lonB uJinal srddi,nr> and rorp.rn d(ti\ilie.. thD mites, the larvae of which are parasitic on adult insects (M thc-i,. Vu,du h Lruver.il). Harvey, pers. comm.), demonstrate less endemism. Crowns I O & Iravi\ J A loql Compan.on ul th, mr(rurn!crlebrdre (2) The occurrence of several species only in southwes! communrlie< rn \rrpam: in lutsg, d dnd undrsrurbpJ.d,, hmenl. eisht year dfter ha^ enins. \u.hatian lournrl cf Vannr dn,l Fre,hwaier ern Australia and Tasmania suggests there may be a Res€arch 42:689,706. biogeographic link between these reglons. Shiel ef al. (1989) Growns, E, Davis A, Cheal F, S.hmidt recorded a diverse fauna I L, Rosich R & Bradlev S I 1992 highly rotifer from acidic lakes in Vull^anale pallem andly-i, of wertard rn\edebrar, western tummunilies laimania, with a predominance of laya now and environment vanables in Westen Australia. Australian Jour, recorded primarily in lhe lropic5. Ihey proposed that this nal of Ecology 171275-288. fauna "may have persisted in Tasmanian waters as relict Halse S A 1989 Wetlands of the Swan Coastal plain - pasi and present. tn: populations from a time when Tasmania's climate, and that Pr.ceedrng. of lhe swan Coa.ral fla,n CrounAwarer Mdnaecmenl of southem Australia was tropical". Contraction in the Conierence led C Loh,) weslem \u\rralian Warer R.:our.el Council, Perth, 105,112. distiibution of many species is thought to have occurred when Australia erperienced an arid phase dppro\imately Halse S A, Veruest R M, Munro D & Pearson G B & yung I H 1992 Annual wdtcrfos I count. rn .ourh-*,'1, rr Au..lraird. Te. hnicat ReDUrt 18000 year BP, during which many lakes and 2.. dried Uepdrtment nf Con.prudiion and I and Vandgemenl. t.rrh populations survived in permanent, coastal lakes (De Hart B T, Bailey P, Edwards R, llorile james Deckker 1986). Shiel gf al. (1989) sug8est that due the K K McMahon A, Meredith C to & swadling I' le.rl c rev.eq or rhe -rll .pn.rh\rr) of rhe Au(ir"t.dn prevailing westerly wind, lakes in coastal western Tasnu- ire.hhrler brold Hydrobi^lugrd 2lU. IU:- j+1. acted as nia refugia by remainin8 permanent during this Hamond R l'r8- Nor)-manne h"rpacttrurd copepod< or Au.trdlid L'd,r arid period, and ice-free during the height of the last lhocampridae ur th. H.n;: Ca"tho, titpit. hesrhuod s. t"l and glaciation. Itl'rla, r:rrptr-. Bpn. nur.. anJ rncludrnx thc de.criphun nf d .elarcd new.pecre\ ol ( a thatanpt,^ hom \ph Crledonid. Inr,.rrebrarc During the arid period, refugia probably also existed in Ta\onofrr l:1021-l247 coastal southwestern Australia the owing to ameliorating Hlllman T I & Shiel R J 1991 Ma.ro and micro invdtebrates in Australian effects prevailing hilldbon8s Verh"ndlunpen Inrerndriondte Vprp,niSung on climate of the south-westerly winds. -und tur rheo Temperatures and the availability of water appear to have retr{he angeu andri Lin,noloSip tr:1581 lsb7. remained fairly constant over the last 30 000 years (Thorpe Ja€nsch R P, Vewest RM & Hewish M I1988 Waterbirds in naturc reseNes & Davidson 1991). It is likely that lakes on the westem coast ofsouth,western Australia 1981 1985. Reporr 30, Royat Ausrralasian Ornithologists of Tasmania and southwestern coast of Western Australia Union, Melboume. today contain relicts from the eastern and western extremes Lane, A K & Munro D R 1983 1982 review of rainJall and $,etlands in rhe .ourh-we\tor he\tern {u.rrdLd. Renofl 58. D"panment of Fi.h{ne\ of the range of a once widespread fauna. & W,l.llifc PFrth Koste W Shiel nj A e.o.t n A 1983 Rorifera rrom Western Austratian Axk owledgements: We wish to thank the follos'ing for identifying speci werlrnds srlh descnplionj ot lso npw \pe.ie5 Hldrobrologia t049-t7 mens and providing informatlon: P DeDeckker (Ostracoda), D H Edward (Chironomidae), J A Friend (Talitroidea), A I A Green (oniscidea), R Maly E J & Bayly I A E 1991 Iractors influencirS bioSeographic patrems of Hamond (Harpa.ticoidea), M HaNey (Hydracadna) and S Slack-Smjth 4-u:lylasian centropaSid copepods. Iounal of Bioseosraphy (Castropoda). References MerrickJ R & 5chmrdd C F le8.l \u'haLan Fre-hwdler ri.hes. Srutos\ dnd MdndSement Cnffin lrr* Lrd.5outh Aunrdlia 1982 Fishes Allen C R lnland of W€stem Australia. Westeln Australian Post F I, Borowitzka LJ, Borowitzka M A, Mackay B & Moulton T 1983 The Museum, Pelth. Proioloa or a W5tern Au-lraird h\ ppruline ldBoon H)dJobrotogid Balla S A 1993 Wctlands of the Swan Coastal Plain, Vol5. ManaAin8 Perth's 105:95-113. Wetlands to Conse e the Aquatic Fauna. Water Authority of Pusey B I & Edward D H 1990 Limnolog!, of the southem a.id peat flais, Western Ausiralia, Peth. south-western Ausiralia. Ioumdl o{ the Royal So.iety of Western Ba),ly I A E 1982 Invertebrate fauna and ecolo8y of iemporary pools on Auslraiia 73:29-46. granite outcrops in south€rn Westem Australia. Ausiralian Journal Schofield N.r, Rupre.ht I K & lr)h I C 1988 lhe impa.t of aSncuttural of Manne and Freshwatei Resear.h 33:599 606 developmeni on the salinity of surface waier iesources-of sourh- Bunn S E 1988 Life histories of some benthic invertebrates from streams of hcnern Au.lralia. Repod Ws 27, l{aler Aurhont\ of t\elrern ,Au\lral : lFrlh the northem janah iorest, Westem Australia. Australian ]oumal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39:785-804. Shiel RJ, Koste W & Tan L W 1989 Tasmania revisited: roiifer communities and habitat heterogeneiiy. Hydrobiolo8ia ta6 187:239 215. Bunn S E, Edward D H & lrneragan N R 1986 Spatial and iemporal I variation in the maooinvetebrate fauna of streams of the northern Smilh C I ja8j lopularinn and habira, .elelli^n or lh" \uF) 5!rub-bird jarah forest, W€stern Australia: community struciure. Freshwater lAtu(h w .lano:t) lob2 lu lv8J. \unraLan Wrldl,re Re-ea(h Eiolo8y 16i67'91. 12:479-485- Bunn S E & Dayies P 1990 is M Why ihe stream fau.a of south-western Smiih, C T & Calve! M C 1984 The diet of the nestlinS Noisy Smb bird Australia so impovenshed? Hydrobiologia 194:169 176. At richonti. ckhtosts. Lostralian Wildlife Research 111553-558. DavisJ A, Rosich R S, Bradleyl S, Crowns E, J Schmidt L C & ChealF 1993 Stor€y A W BunnS E, Davi€s P M & Edhard, D H 1990 Classification of ihe Wetlands of the Swan CoastalPlain, Vol6. Wetland Classifi€ation on macroinvertebrate fauna of t$,o dver svstems in south-westem the Basis of W?ter and Invertebrate Qualiiy CommuniryData. Warer Au+rdlu in relation lo phyri.al dnd , hemi;al pdrdmt t.r). ReB.ulared of Westem Authonty Austialia, Pe h. Ri\ er-: Rp-ed,. h anJ MdndEemenr 5.21--212. DeDeckker P 1981 Taxonomy and ecological noies of some oshacods from Storey A W & Ldward D H D iq8a LnnAiludinal vdndrion incommunrty Australian inland waters. Transa.tions ofihe Royal So.i€tyofSouth .tru.rure ol Chrron.rh'dae (Dipr.iJ) in lho south we.rern {u.tr; Australia 105:91 138. Ldn ri\er -yslem. Arrd Eiologrca Debrpcina OeiotoHr(d HunBdn.a DeDeckler P 1986 What happened to the Australian aquatic biota 18 000 l:3lr 12d. y.als ago. In: Limnology ifl Australia (eds P DeDeckker & W D Thorye PM&DnvidsonW Williams) CSIRO, Melbourne, 487-,196. A l99l Croundwater age and hydrodynamics of the confined aquifers, Perth, Westem Austratia. L.i: Proc;edings of possible DeHaanM 1987The eff€ctsofpeat mining on aquatic invetebmtes rhe lnl' mdhonal roni€rence on Cr.undh dtcr rn I dra. \, dim.nlary in the Lake Muir wetlands, Wesiem Australia. Honours thesis, B.sins.]-erlh. Wenern Aurtral.a, lqcu. (onferencc Serit'.20, Au.rra. Murdoch Universitv. lian Water Resowces Councll, CanbeEa, 420-436.

30 Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 75 { l), Varch 1qg3

Appendir. Inverlebrdrc speoe-,ollecred in shedm- and lake. uf rhe two leoplc- Bay arca rn June laq0 dnd Februarv iool. AR CR WC WbC AL GL ML . S = summer, l{ = winter B = both sasons, = smpted only in summer. Winter samples of taxa marked with t collected in September 1991. First records for Westem Australia marked $'irh '. Voucher-specimen numbers SS are u-sed for some undescfted species (,9. Biapertura sr. M1, Ilyodrcmus Coau"t, aliob;hs .D A sp.255, Macropelopia sp. V9) AC, Angove Rive' CR, Goodga Rive' WG, West WbG, GuIy, Websters . Cully; AL, Angove Lake; CL, Glrd^er Lakc,I4L, Moatdlake. CRUSTACiA CLADOCERA Sididae AR CR WC WbC AL GL ML l,/onopsis cf. b/e/r, i Petkovski S Chydoridae PROTOZOA Alaru)lk ct'. clathrattlla Sars s Biapertrru cr. affinis (Iay\lie) Bnpert la cf rigidicaudis SmliILo! 'Difflu\a acumitata Etue bets 'Biaperhlra cf. s?tigera (Brchm) SS 'Biaperturd sp. M1 B D,_ftl,/:,i, sp. A *Ca"tptacerc s ct. a stralissat. s 'res4rerer6ja sprnla (Ehrenberg) B WS ROTIFERA Dr/nft&,edid c/dssd King Bdelloida sp. A Ephetunp u. b nsiFftt s I S Bnchb,lus ct. atgtkris bidtns Plate 'Luttttlona cf- onental$ lDadayl Bnchio11 s qwdrn1e1ltatus Hermann 'Crap neberis cf. testudiflain (ii{ler) |Dpbuchk is ptoqt n lGosse) 'M.,of€ rii.!laln (Henrv) S E u c hla,1 is d ik t a t a Etu e et F, 'Fili,r, cf. a stml,.ns6 ^bKosie 'Rhynchochytlottls N aust /,iie,sis Smirnov & S 'rih,rd cf. pdlleri HutcNnson 'Chvdoridae so. A1 B 'chidoridae,b. Mz ' Hetetutepadeur ehtenbetgi lPetty) s Keratetta jau a Hduer Ke rotttti prac t rua ('t horye) 'b tt itllbtirata Catli Macrcthtix .f - bnisets Smiinov & Timmj B cr. ofuo.,is,s (Herrick) 'Neotht,]} arnak C$ney B 'Ir.a,r. -Mdcrothn.idae 'r,a!',e sis',4cn lleiurins, 8en nov. A s Daphniidae ' L.epadctli rat tettuutgi (L]uck) + Irpadella tripten (El.nenbery) S.aplolerelis nr ki,rgi Sars SS Sinocephal s e$pinasus aushdiie,sis (Dana) 'Mr.ro.ft ,el!s .oll,,si (Cosse) Bosminida€ Mo"ostyla brlla (Gosse) Bosn ina tnctidioflalis S ar WB Moronyln lrrrrta (Stokes) Moroslrla l llnr"is Ehrenberg OSTRACODA '.Mo,,ostyla c/e nid (Haning) S Cyprididae' 'MonostyLa .t r&ta Mnflay C! p re t t fl bay i M o11os t v I a .t uatl t d e n t ata e \b ery) U McKe e BW ' lEht ^zi '\4o o.tlla thnphalurn Hamng & Myers 'nlodrctnus sp.255 BS 'Monon!/d sp nov A Ke, rthin cistata De De.kker B WW +Nolrrriaata sp. nov. A Albon uolooa DeDeckker SW Plaly;as qladr'ml"rs (Ehrenberg) ?Mesocyptis sp.291 S Darwinulida€ ' Tt s hdi nella anfi o ra t tau€t kst u d i el ]a i t Bi,1ua tt1 Haiet ws Iesi d,rcll, nr tdlrrn (Hemann) Limnocytheridae 'ftstrdntelln larnanirtrsB Koste & Shiel Cot,tphotlelli arL maia DeDeckker BB r/r.lD.c,"., elonglltl (Gosse) Linnoavthe,e oubrove \t\ Chapman Ttichocerca p silk JenninAs 'lrrahn aqth.tc.p. nov. BS Candonidae ' Tr,.hace t {a n1 tu ; r t nata \Ehr{bet') , 1 richo.c t cn ntt us I t 6trtn lqannq) Cnndo apsis t,1uis @tady) wws COPEPODA

Tri'.ftolrid l./rr.i;s iEhrenberg) Anamoecin te uota Fanbndge) BB Calanoecin tas,anica Smith s. l. s NEMAIODA BB B C al an toe da tas m a fl i ct s\b at t e t ruat a B WB MOLLUSCA (Irairbridge) CASTROPODA Gt r d ioJer ens i mpar ip 6 T homso SB PULMONAIA Cyclopidae ^ Er/.y.lops rurst/aliers,s Mo on Fl/r6sin prl.rdi (Iohnston) WB S SS Planorbidae S B ANNELIDA Ma c nc y c I o p s n\b idu s lJ nnne) S OLIGOCHAETA B WWB BB B BB Pald.y.lols .hlloni (Thonlson) ARTHROPODA SS ARACHNlr)A WS Cantho(amptidae OIUBATIDA WBB }tlDRACARINA 'Canthocamptidae sp. A Canthocamptidae sp. 15 ss Canthocamptidae sp. 16 s S O;yrlornapl!s'ha!i?kxsl, (Sehe]LJ Oxidae S |O chitthanefl sis Elabellifontirydt sp. A lchocanptus Linflochnfts au.trali Lnndblad S SB 'Schizoryra cta esh 1 (Klie) WBB DECAPODA Unionicolidae Chen! ptebeius \Hess) BW Ctu1 quinquccaanatus \Ctay) BS WS Cherax tenutna ue \Snith) WB WS Hygrobatidae P n I a cnon et e s au s t rul is D akjI B B BB

31 Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, T5 (l), March lqg3

AR GR WG WbG AL GL ML AR CR WC WbC AL GLML

AMPHIPODA Ceratopogonidae sp. K Ceinidae Ceratopogonidae sp. O Austrochi\tonia subte uisH ley WBB StEtiomyidae Stratiomyidae sp. A Pel*i" rruncl'Blis (Nicholls) BS BS Stratiomyidae sp. B Peltnia n.rlilelson Straskaba Doli.hopodida€ Illdi.rd s.i.sd Ni.holls B Doli.hopodidae sp. A Talitroidea Empididae SS Empididae sp. A SS Au. t r a trc ides p ect im lis F t iend S Empididae sp. B sss ISOPODA ODONATA Philosciidae ZYGOPTERA TLnetophiloscia sp- A s Coenagrionidae 7 PLymaphiloscia sp- A s WW Stylonis.idae Isch urn uurcn \Braier) s Stllotiscus aun/aliensis austlalieruis Vandel S ANiSOPTERA INSECTA MEGALOPIERA Austroaeschna akacant ha T llly ad BB B B S Chauliodidae A/cric,u,l;odes.stu,hs Theischinger L,a th rc cor d ul ii ne t all i a T llly ad S LEPIDOPTERA Corduliidae sp A (immature) l€pidoptera sp. B He t nica / d ul ia t ar Sely s S D]PTERA Gomphidae Simuliidae Atl s ! rcga t np h us c a I ldr i s Hage B C ephin tatnoni bnnoniD nmord Lib€llulidae ^ Au s t r o s in u t i u m f u t i o s u fl 1 (Skuse) BW Dipld.odes lrenriodes (Burmeister) W Cuticidae Synthemidae 9t the1 1s motrasti\na o.(dprialis fiuyard A opheles anruLipes \Nalket Sy thefltis cla itincta Ttllyald s Crlcircrsildic s Dobroiworsky & HFMIPTFRA Drummond Cirler gloloco.ril,s Dobrotworsky W Chitonomidae Corindae Tanypodinae Agraptocarita sp. A S Coelapvf A pruiflosa F teema S Miuone.ta rcbusta tlale Pannen la teoidensis (Sktse) SS B B S WB FPHFMFROPTFRA MacrcpetoFia dalrupensis (Fteema ) ws Leptophlebiida€ Nylngrra bur,ii Dean B ?Abkbesmlia sp. v1o B Bib ne a kadjina Dean WB B Tanypodinae sp. V20 S N e ba is sophl eb k oc c i den t al i s D e an SS orthocladiinae Caenidae coryno eura ? scutellata wim.enz w Tasna acnenis tillyardi (Ilsra9e) BW Cr i.oloprs dh,,li,?rtlrs (Skuse) BBW B PLECOPTERA Stritrlddils un iserrl?lrs Fr€eman Gripopterygidae Nanacladi s sp-VCDT w Nre ndroper, dlrd (Kimmins) ThRlEmannielln sp.vla Gdpopterygidae sp. A (immature) Lirtr"oplyes p!/lrl!" (Skuse) S B WWB TRICHOPTERA ?Linflophles sp. V31 ws Hydiopsychidae Orihocladiinae sp. Vl1 S nis ap hV k x a us t / ahs \r.I!-ne r) BB O hocladiinae sp. VTPB1 Oithocladiinae sp. VTPB2 s Ectuni a sci de,$/tru11a/nerga $aup B Othocladiinae sp. VTPB3 S Eoom$ pat$us/ tutgtdus cotr.p)ex BW S Orthocladiinae sp. V59 B ortho€ladiinae sp. A Cordorerus dplrs Neboiss BB Chironominae I".i/ides panl,s N€boiss BS B B Cladopelma cw ti\atn (Kietfet) s S s Oecetis spp- S s ss ?Hatnischia sp.\ITPB4 s S BS B W B I/ipleclides,ilstralis Navas Polwedilum sp.Y33 BB Noio,,s7af, ls,rnx Neboiss S S Hydmptilidae d ic a I S P n clad iu s wlu a sktse s SS Hetta e thir a rl,.al le ofor na w e Is s S SS BB S S Oflethira retructa Wells ws ftef,trd sp. V5 BBS s M;! denopt ita ? rupina Neboiss Ctadota ytarsus ? mand6 (walker) s S H y dt o p t ik lo si da Mo s ely s BBW B B Hydrobiosidae s s Taschorcna palLescens (Banks) BB B Tanytarsus sp- B s Polycenuopodidae ? s t e ns S t enryllin a au ral i is k eenan BS I S PLectrccnenin ? exina Neboiss ? Paruteidipes sp. Y12 COLEO]YIERA Meotanytarsue sp Y18 sw s Dytiscidae Cryp@hnonon s gt isedot sltm Kjeffet BS Itrtipor"s lenrlalis (Boheman) Stenochito omus sp. V27 B Ia cetd la cenlatus lclatk:) ww Chi/onanlts a$- alternans Walket SS Iiod.ss s d,sp"/ (Sharp) w Tanyta$ini sp- A Me$par# howitt i \Clatk) Chironomini sp. V21 S Mepparus so\a\s lshae) S S Diclotendipes sp. V47 Neiterosonn dnruini lBabinglo ) B Tipulidae Ne.lelosoftd sp. B (la a) SS Limoniinae sp. A BBW X-hanlus s!irlalis (Macr€ay) SW Limoniinae sp- B BW Ster optiscus browni Shatp \{ Stet optiscus sp. A S Tipulinae sp. A S BS Plat! ectes decempullctatus \F abnc,.us) s Ceratopogonidae Helodidae Ceratopogorudae sp A WB ttelodidae sp. A SS B Ceratopogonidae sp. B B S B W BW HydEphilidae Ceratopogonidae sp- C W Hydrophilidae sp. I S Ceratopo8onidae sp. D w s CeratopoSonidae sp. F Nmber of Sp€cies 53 55 40 43 96 72 85 Ceratopogonidae sp. G s