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Adi-Shankaracharya's Advaita ELK ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE ISSN 2394-9392 (Online); DOI: 10.16962/EAPJSS/issn. 2394-9392/2015; Volume 5 Issue 1 (2018) www.elkjournals.com ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ADI-SHANKARACHARYA’S ADVAITA-VEDANTA PHILOSOPHY: A VIABLE SOLUTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL DISHARMONY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANIMAL CRUELTY VANDANA SHARMA JRF-Indian Council Of Philosophical Research Ph.D Research Scholar-Advaita Vedanta Department Of Philosophy, Annamalai University,Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu Abstract: Keeping in mind the philosophy of Adi Shankaracharya, this paper aims to throw light on the insensitivity we have developed towards our environment, in particular animals who are as much divine in their essence as humans. This paper in specific wants to divert attention of the profound scholars, professors, philosophers and academicians in regards to the torture animals go through across the lengths and breadths of the globe for satisfying human’s desire for food, fashion and fun or merely being a scapegoat to human frustration, failures and setbacks. On a macro level this paper aims to improve the condition of animals and environment by stressing upon the philosophy of Adi Shankracharya that professes everything to be the non-dual Brahman. INTRODUCTION: the media asked him as to why he focuses so much of his time, attention and energies on Mahatma Gandhi, said: “To my mind, the life animals when so much of human barbarism of a lamb is no less precious than that of a existed. George Angell replied, "I am human being… I hold that the more helpless working at the roots." This statement a creature is, the more entitled it is to concludes the effect that animal savagery has protection… ”1 on our environment. Animal cruelty includes George Angell, who walked this planet in the a wide range of behaviors including animal 18th-century was an animal advocate. Once, hoarding, neglect, abandonment, animal 1 ELK ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE ISSN 2394-9392 (Online); DOI: 10.16962/EAPJSS/issn. 2394-9392/2015; Volume 5 Issue 1 (2018) fights, animal rapes and deliberate acts of point abused animals or have been cruelty. Whatever form it takes, animal destructive towards environment in general. cruelty tends to be the starting point for a Animal cruelty certainly adds to the global much wider range of problems from domestic issues of environment at a magnified rate. Be violence, environmental issues, dipping it factory farming that harms our morals and spiritual values to terrorism, environment by production of excess social unrest, rapes and a variety of social pollution and injecting animals with high evils. intensity antibiotics and oxytocine to the According to PETA (People for Ethical global meat industry that has massive Treatment Of Animals) a study that was environmental impacts with contribution of conducted by the Northeastern University 18%-51% of greenhouse gasses and gulping and the Massachusetts Society for the up of resources that already are short in Prevention of Cruelty to Animals found that supply in accordance to a study conducted by people who committed crimes against the Curtin University, Australia. animals were five times more likely to In 2016 the World Economic Forum commit violence socially. Domestic violence published a report, according to which by the and animal cruelty are also linked. According year 2050 the world's oceans would have to the National Institute of Mental Health and more plastics than fishes. At present, 32% of Allied Sciences, India, people who are the world's plastic ends up in the ocean and abusive and violent towards animas are likely less than 10% ends up being recycled. Plastic to be violent towards one’s partner, parents, kills millions of animals annually, from society and environment in general. fishes, turtles and sea birds to street dogs, Abused children are also more likely to abuse cows and cats. Not only that, but it also animals than those children who were spreads harmful algae, invasive species and brought up with love and lessons of man-made pollutants, which are finally brotherhood towards all lives. Vardhaman introduced into the food chain. Besides which Institute of Mental Health and Allied a plastic takes 800 years to decompose. Sciences accepts that those who rape and There are greater issues that we are facing disrespect women and children have at some that come under the wings of animal cruelty 2 ELK ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE ISSN 2394-9392 (Online); DOI: 10.16962/EAPJSS/issn. 2394-9392/2015; Volume 5 Issue 1 (2018) and environmental exploitation from climate considers the Vedas to be the final authority. change, global warming, acid rains, steroid The other revered texts of this system are induced milk, low quality soil, hormone Brahmasutrabhashya, Bhagwad-Gita and injected vegetables, extinction of species to Upanishads which collectively are known as abandoning animals, using them as objects of the Prasthantrayi. Advaita-Vedanta considers pleasure and inhuman torture. From cutting the Brahman to be the only reality. Brahman down trees and building sky scrapers to is considered to be indescribable. It is beyond harming the flora and fauna in the most names, forms, time, space and thought. Any inhumane fashion are nothing but episodes of effort to describe it is merely trying to bring harming our earth. it down to the level of human interpretation. The self or the Atman in Advaita-Vedanta is Advaita Vedanta philosophy which is rich synonyms with the Brahman. Atman- and all embracing can certainly end all Brahman is identical just as the wave and the ecological issues and cases of animal cruelty ocean. Hence, behind the veil of various provided it is understood in the right light. It names and forms exists one ultimate reality is important that children are introduced to called the Brahman or the Atman. The Rig this philosophy at an early age in order to Veda, states- make sure that they grow up to be environmentally conscious and sensitive ‘Ekam Sat Vipra Bahuda Vadanti’1 citizens …..That ultimate truth is one, known by 1. Animals and World Religions, Lisa the wise as many. Kemmerer, Pg-60 The distinction of varied names and forms ADVAITA- VEDANTA, arises due to what is called Maya, Avidya or ENVIRONMENT AND ANIMALS: the cosmic illusion. It is due to the grip of Maya that we see distinction between a bowl, Advaita-Vedanta is a philosophy that a glass and a flower pot which are essentially believes in complete socio-cultural harmony. made of the same stuff -mud. Similarly, due Reverence for nature and unity of all is the to cosmic illusion we consider men, women, summum bonum of the Advaita-Vedanta animals, trees, rivers etc as distinct forgetting Philosophy. Advaita-Vedanta is one of the 6 that in their essence; they are all the non-dual- orthodox schools of Indian philosophy that 3 ELK ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE ISSN 2394-9392 (Online); DOI: 10.16962/EAPJSS/issn. 2394-9392/2015; Volume 5 Issue 1 (2018) Brahaman, for nothing exists outside the Vedanta is a state where one realizes the self Brahman. through Jñāna as the supreme reality. He wrote several of the most magnificient texts Shankara, who is popularly said to be born in and at the age of 32, he gave up his material the 8th century BC, was a philosopher and body at the holy adobe of Kedarnath in the metaphysist of the highest order. He was born Himalyas. in the southern part of India in a village called Kaladi in the state of Kerala. His logic and 1. The Rig Veda, 1-164-146 reasoning remains unparallel till this date. Human beings consider themselves to be the Jagadguru mastered the 4vedas at the age of most superior and lordly. This thought is 4, completed his education by the age of 7 triggered by the western domination theory and became an ascetic monk at the age of 8. according to which humans have all the rights He found his Guru Govindbhagwadpad along to dominate nature, animals and the entire the Narbada at Omkareshwara,MP,India. By creation for the sake of their benefit, pleasure the time he was 12; he became an Aacharya and entertainment. Such a thought is also and was now called Shankaracharya. At the promoted by Abrahamic religions which age of 16 he wrote the Brahmasutrabhashya. consider soul to be exclusive to humans while He travelled bare feet 4 times across India any creation other than human is meant for including Nepal in order to spread the light of mankind’s benefit and gratification. It is due Advaita-Vedanta. He also stopped human to this dualistic approach that we consider and animal sacrifices and brought about unity something or someone to be separate from us in the society which was divided into various and thus, issues such as superiority- sects by the virtue of his razor sharp logic and inferiority, appreciation-repulsion, violence, philosophical debates with 84 different sects. rapes, social intolerance, casteism, religion He also reformed the society by establishing and cruelty against fellow humans and the authority of Jñāna (Knowledge) over animals emerge as universal evils. mindless rituals (KarmaKanda). Knowledge here must not be confused with education or The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy gathering of information. Knowledge here describes environmental ethics as: refers to realization of self as the non-dual, ultimate reality. Liberation in Advaita- 4 ELK ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE ISSN 2394-9392 (Online); DOI: 10.16962/EAPJSS/issn. 2394-9392/2015; Volume 5 Issue 1 (2018) “A discipline of philosophy that studies the the supreme reality in Advaita-Vedanta is the moral relationship between the human ground of the entire universe from the and the non-human world” heavenly bodies like the sun, moon and earth to the minutest of species like the ants, snakes If we carefully look at the definition, we see and tortoise.
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