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Swami Vidyaranya’s PANCHADASHEE – 05 MAHAVAKYA VIVEKAH Fixing the Meaning of the Great Sayings MODERN-DAY REFLECTIONS On a 13TH CENTURY VEDANTA CLASSIC by a South African Student TEXT Swami Gurubhaktananda 47.05 2018 A FOUNDATIONAL TEXT ON VEDANTA PHILOSOPHY PANCHADASHEE – An Anthology of 15 Texts by Swami Vidyaranyaji PART Chap TITLE OF TEXT ENGLISH TITLE No. No. Vers. 1 Tattwa Viveka Differentiation of the Supreme Reality 65 2 Maha Bhoota Viveka Differentiation of the Five Great Elements 109 3 Pancha Kosha Viveka Differentiation of the Five Sheaths 43 SAT: 4 Dvaita Viveka Differentiation of Duality in Creation 69 VIVEKA 5 Mahavakya Viveka Fixing the Meaning of the Great Sayings 8 Sub-Total A 294 6 Chitra Deepa The Picture Lamp 290 7 Tripti Deepa The Lamp of Perfect Satisfaction 298 8 Kootastha Deepa The Unchanging Lamp 76 CHIT: DEEPA 9 Dhyana Deepa The Lamp of Meditation 158 10 Nataka Deepa The Theatre Lamp 26 Sub-Total B 848 11 Yogananda The Bliss of Yoga 134 12 Atmananda The Bliss of the Self 90 13 Advaitananda The Bliss of Non-Duality 105 14 Vidyananda The Bliss of Knowledge 65 ANANDA: 15 Vishayananda The Bliss of Objects 35 Sub-Total C 429 WHOLE BOOK 1571 AN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BY THE STUDENT/AUTHOR The Author wishes to acknowledge the “Home Study Course” offerred by the Chinmaya International Foundation (CIF) to students of Vedanta in any part of the world via an online Webinar service. These “Reflections” are based on material he has studied under this Course. CIF is an institute for Samskrit and Indology research, established in 1990 by Pujya Gurudev, Sri Swami Chinmayananda, with a vision of it being “a bridge between the past and the present, East and West, science and spirituality, and pundit and public.” CIF is located at the maternal home and hallowed birthplace of Adi Shankara, the great saint, philosopher and indefatigable champion of Advaita Vedanta, at Veliyanad, 35km north-east of Ernakulam, Kerala, India. CIF is recognised as a Centre of Excellence in Samskrit Research (Shodha Sansthan) by the Rashtriya Samskrit Sansthan, a Deemed University under the Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India, and as a Research Centre by the Mahatma Gandhi University and by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). CIF is actively engaged in a multitude of academic projects. For more information on courses and activities, please visit www.chinfo.org. – Swami Gurubhaktananda Om Namah Shivaaya! Text 47.05 MODERN-DAY REFLECTIONS By Swami Gurubhaktananda on Sri Swami Vidyaranyaji’s 13th Century Spiritual Classic mÉgcÉSzÉÏ - qÉWûÉuÉÉYrÉÌuÉuÉåMüÈ PANCHADASHEE – Book 05, Mahavakya Vivekah “Fixing the Meaning of the Great Sayings” Based on the 12 Lectures delivered by Swami Advayanandaji (referred to as “Swamiji” in book), Director, Chinmaya International Foundation, Veliyanad, Kerala. from April 27th 2018 – September 10th, 2018 Adi Shankaracharya Swami Sivananda Swami Tapovanji Swami Chinmayananda SERVE LOVE GIVE PURIFY MEDITATE REALISE Copyright & Author’s Details Author: Swami Gurubhaktananda, born 1954 as Bipin R. Kapitan, Durban, South Africa. Residence: Sivanandashram, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. Email: [email protected] © 2018 All Rights Reserved. Copyright held by Swami Gurubhaktananda. About This Edition: Web Edition: 2nd October 2018 – Sri Gandhi Jayanti Day. Website: Hosted by C.I.F.: www.chinfo.org Series Title : “Modern-day Reflections” Series Subject: Vedanta Philosophy. Declaration by the Author: The material in this series is under inspiration of the Home Study Course of Chinmaya International Foundation, Kerala, and consists of the Author’s reflections on the Course. He is deeply indebted to the Chinmaya Mission for its excellent programme of the Home Study Course taught to many students all over the world through online Webinar lectures. Personal Dedication 1. To my Parents, Smt Sharadaben & Sri Ratilalbhai Kapitan who inspired me to study in life, to stick to the path of Dharma and pursue the highest ideals; and swamped me with their abundant Love; 2. To Pujya Sri Swami Vimalanandaji Maharaj the President of the Divine Life Society of Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, who constantly encouraged and supported this effort; 3. To Pujya Sri Swami Tejomayanandaji (Guruji) for his boundless vision and inspiration to create a vibrant organisation; 4. To Sri Swami Advayanandaji my Acharyaji at Sandeepany 2011-2013, who imparted his bountiful knowledge and wisdom with rare selfless Divine Love, as the Rishis of yore would wish to see. Where required, Acharyaji is referred to as “Swamiji” in the book. ***** PANCHADASHEE – 05 Mahavakya Viveka “Fixing the Meaning of the Great Sayings” THE PANCHADASHEE – Book 05 Mahavakya Viveka “Fixing the Meaning of the Great Sayings” CONTENTS: __________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction to the Whole Panchadashee 2 General Introduction to Mahavakya Viveka 4 ① PRAJNANAM BRAHMA – “Consciousness is Infinite” 8 Aitareya Upanishad, Rig Veda Lakshana Vakya (Statement of Definition) Verse 1: “Prajnanam” Pada – I am Pure Consciousness 08 Verse 2: “Brahma” Pada – The One Brahman 13 ② AHAM BRAHMASMI – “I am the Infinite Reality” 24 Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Shukla Yajur Veda Anubhava Vakya (Statement of Experience) Verse 3: “Aham” Pada – The Witnessing ‘I’ 26 Verse 4: “Brahma Asmi” Pada – The Infinite Brahman 28 ③ TAT TWAM ASI – “That Thou Art” 31 Chandogya Upanishad, Sama Veda Upadesha Vakya (Statement of Instruction) Verse 5: “Tat” Pada – The Nature of ‘That’ 32 Verse 6: “Twam Asi” Pada – The Nature of ‘Thou’ 34 ④ AYAM ATMA BRAHMAN – “This Self is the Truth” 37 Mandukya Upanishad, Atharvana Veda Anusandhana Vakya (Statement of Self-discovery) Verse 7: “Ayam Aatmaa” Pada – The Inner Self 40 Verse 8: “Brahma” Pada – The Supreme Self 43 ***** 1 || mÉgcÉSzÉÏ || PANCHADASHEE by Swami Vidyaranyaji “INTRODUCTION to the Whole Book” THE PANCHADASHEE IS COMPRISED of fifteen Books, together called Megha Prakarana. Panchadashee means, “comprising of fifteen”. The word “Chapters” is not accurate since the 15 Books do not link up like chapters in a book. Each one is independent. The only link for all the Books is the subject matter, Sat Advaitam, the Non-Dual Reality. The words in Samskrit grammar for short and long are Laghu and Guru. Panchadashee is a Laghu Grantha, a small text. But among all small texts, it is the Guru! That gives some idea of its standing in Vedantic literature. There are Shastra Granthas which deal with all the topics in Vedanta, and there are Prakarana Granthas which deal with some of the topics only. Panchadashee is one of the latter type, but is the biggest among all the elementary texts. It is a foundation text, and some Vedanta teachers, such as Swami Tapovan, the Teacher of Swami Chinmayananda, begin the study of Vedanta with this text. The Panchadashee’s 15 Books contain a total of 1571 verses. The whole book is split into 3 Parts, each with five Books. Each part deals with a particular aspect of the Truth: PART SIZE MAIN TOPIC DESCRIPTION 1 – Chap 1 to 5 294 verses SAT Viveka (Discrimination) 2 – Chap 6 to 10 848 verses CHIT Deepa (Light) 3 – Chap 11 to 15 429 verses ANANDA Ananda (Bliss) The last Book of each Part is the shortest, for some reason. They are Book 5 (8 verses), Book 10 (26 verses) and Book 15 (35 verses). The two largest Books are in Part 2, namely, Book 6 (290 verses) and Book 7 (298 verses). These statistics are just for information in order to get a feel for what we are going to study. At Sandeepany Sadhanalaya, we studied only Books 5 and 10, the two shortest chapters. General INTRODUCTION to Vedanta Topics The five divisions in Vedantic Sadhana were listed by Swamiji at the outset, for the benefit of new students. They are: 2 1. The Adhikari: the stage up to qualification for entry; Sadhana Chatushtaya. 2. Guru Upasadana: the stage of approaching and serving one’s Guru; 3. The Upadesha: the stage of Sravana; this is the teaching, and is divided into 3 parts: i) the Twam Pada, which answers, Who am I? ii) the Tat Pada, which answers. What is Reality? and What is the World? and iii) the Asi Pada, which establishes the identity between the two. 4. The Sadhana: the stage of digestion and absorption of the teaching. It is divided into two sections: i) Manana, reflecting upon the teaching; and ii) Nididhyasana, meditation. 5. The Phala: this is the fruit of the Sadhana, and has two parts: i) Jivanmukti or liberation while living; and ii) Videhamukti or liberation from the cycle of births and deaths. Difference Between Shastra & Prakarana Grantha A Shastra is defined as a text which discusses all the topics listed above. There are three recognised Shastras in Hinduism: i) The Upanishads taken as a whole, which are the foundational texts; ii) The Bhagavad Geeta, in which Sri Veda Vyasa explains all the points raised in the Upanishads; and iii) The Brahma Sootras, wherein Sri Adi Shankaracharya answers in detail the doubts that may be raised on the issues raised in the Upanishads. Together, the above three Shastras are called the Prasthana Traya. A Prakarana Grantha deals with only one topic very thoroughly. All the fifteen texts of the Panchadashee are each a Prakarana Grantha, standing independently. Even when taken all together, they do not make up a Shastra, as they deal only with the Teaching, i.e. they deal comprehensively with all three parts of the Teaching or Upadesha. The first five Prakaranas deal with Sat; the next five Prakaranas deal with Chit; and the last five Prakaranas deal with Ananda. The other four topics are not covered in Panchadashee. ***** 3 || mÉgcÉSzÉÏ || AjÉ mÉgcÉqÉÉåÅkrÉÉrÉÈ " qÉWûÉuÉÉYrÉ ÌuÉuÉåMüÈ" THE PANCHADASHEE – Book 05 MAHAVAKYA VIVEKA (08 Verses) General Introduction EVERY BOOK OF THE Panchadashee brings us to the point of realising that the Truth is directly to be known, that Truth is Brahman, and that Brahman and the Self in every being are identical.
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    DzÉÉuÉÉxrÉÉåmÉÌlÉwÉiÉç ISHAVASYA UPANISHAD The All-Pervading Reality “THE SANDEEPANY EXPERIENCE” Reflections by TEXT SWAMI GURUBHAKTANANDA 19 Sandeepany’s Vedanta Course List of All the Course Texts in Chronological Sequence: Text TITLE OF TEXT Text TITLE OF TEXT No. No. 1 Sadhana Panchakam 24 Hanuman Chalisa 2 Tattwa Bodha 25 Vakya Vritti 3 Atma Bodha 26 Advaita Makaranda 4 Bhaja Govindam 27 Kaivalya Upanishad 5 Manisha Panchakam 28 Bhagavad Geeta (Discourse -- ) 6 Forgive Me 29 Mundaka Upanishad 7 Upadesha Sara 30 Amritabindu Upanishad 8 Prashna Upanishad 31 Mukunda Mala (Bhakti Text) 9 Dhanyashtakam 32 Tapovan Shatkam 10 Bodha Sara 33 The Mahavakyas, Panchadasi 5 11 Viveka Choodamani 34 Aitareya Upanishad 12 Jnana Sara 35 Narada Bhakti Sutras 13 Drig-Drishya Viveka 36 Taittiriya Upanishad 14 “Tat Twam Asi” – Chand Up 6 37 Jivan Sutrani (Tips for Happy Living) 15 Dhyana Swaroopam 38 Kena Upanishad 16 “Bhoomaiva Sukham” Chand Up 7 39 Aparoksha Anubhuti (Meditation) 17 Manah Shodhanam 40 108 Names of Pujya Gurudev 18 “Nataka Deepa” – Panchadasi 10 41 Mandukya Upanishad 19 Ishavasya Upanishad 42 Dakshinamurty Ashtakam 20 Katha Upanishad 43 Shad Darshanaah 21 “Sara Sangrah” – Yoga Vasishtha 44 Brahma Sootras 22 Vedanta Sara 45 Jivanmuktananda Lahari 23 Mahabharata + Geeta Dhyanam 46 Chinmaya Pledge A NOTE ABOUT SANDEEPANY Sandeepany Sadhanalaya is an institution run by the Chinmaya Mission in Powai, Mumbai, teaching a 2-year Vedanta Course. It has a very balanced daily programme of basic Samskrit, Vedic chanting, Vedanta study, Bhagavatam, Ramacharitmanas, Bhajans, meditation, sports and fitness exercises, team-building outings, games and drama, celebration of all Hindu festivals, weekly Gayatri Havan and Guru Paduka Pooja, and Karma Yoga activities.
  • Indian Philosophy Encyclopædia Britannica Article

    Indian Philosophy Encyclopædia Britannica Article

    Indian philosophy Encyclopædia Britannica Article Indian philosophy the systems of thought and reflection that were developed by the civilizations of the Indian subcontinent. They include both orthodox (astika) systems, namely, the Nyaya, Vaisesika, Samkhya, Yoga, Purva-mimamsa, and Vedanta schools of philosophy, and unorthodox (nastika) systems, such as Buddhism and Jainism. Indian thought has been concerned with various philosophical problems, significant among them the nature of the world (cosmology), the nature of reality (metaphysics), logic, the nature of knowledge (epistemology), ethics, and religion. General considerations Significance of Indian philosophies in the history of philosophy In relation to Western philosophical thought, Indian philosophy offers both surprising points of affinity and illuminating differences. The differences highlight certain fundamentally new questions that the Indian philosophers asked. The similarities reveal that, even when philosophers in India and the West were grappling with the same problems and sometimes even suggesting similar theories, Indian thinkers were advancing novel formulations and argumentations. Problems that the Indian philosophers raised for consideration, but that their Western counterparts never did, include such matters as the origin (utpatti) and apprehension (jñapti) of truth (pramanya). Problems that the Indian philosophers for the most part ignored but that helped shape Western philosophy include the question of whether knowledge arises from experience or from reason and distinctions such as that between analytic and synthetic judgments or between contingent and necessary truths. Indian thought, therefore, provides the historian of Western philosophy with a point of view that may supplement that gained from Western thought. A study of Indian thought, then, reveals certain inadequacies of Western philosophical thought and makes clear that some concepts and distinctions may not be as inevitable as they may otherwise seem.
  • The Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra (2Nd Edition)

    The Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra (2Nd Edition)

    TheThe PrajnaPrajna ParamitaParamita HeartHeart SutraSutra Translated by Tripitaka Master Hsuan Tsang Commentary by Grand Master T'an Hsu English Translation by Ven. Master Lok To Second Edition 2000 HAN DD ET U 'S B B O RY eOK LIBRA E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.buddhanet.net Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc. The Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra Translated from Sanskrit into Chinese By Tripitaka Master Hsuan Tsang Commentary By Grand Master T’an Hsu Translated Into English By Venerable Dharma Master Lok To Edited by K’un Li, Shih and Dr. Frank G. French Sutra Translation Committee of the United States and Canada New York – San Francisco – Toronto 2000 First published 1995 Second Edition 2000 Sutra Translation Committee of the United States and Canada Dharma Master Lok To, Director 2611 Davidson Ave. Bronx, New York 10468 (USA) Tel. (718) 584-0621 2 Other Works by the Committee: 1. The Buddhist Liturgy 2. The Sutra of Bodhisattva Ksitigarbha’s Fundamental Vows 3. The Dharma of Mind Transmission 4. The Practice of Bodhisattva Dharma 5. An Exhortation to Be Alert to the Dharma 6. A Composition Urging the Generation of the Bodhi Mind 7. Practice and Attain Sudden Enlightenment 8. Pure Land Buddhism: Dialogues with Ancient Masters 9. Pure-Land Zen, Zen Pure-Land 10. Pure Land of the Patriarchs 11. Horizontal Escape: Pure Land Buddhism in Theory & Practice. 12. Mind Transmission Seals 13. The Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra 14. Pure Land, Pure Mind 15. Bouddhisme, Sagesse et Foi 16. Entering the Tao of Sudden Enlightenment 17. The Direct Approach to Buddhadharma 18.