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Panchadashee – 05 Mahavakya Vivekah Swami Vidyaranya’s PANCHADASHEE – 05 MAHAVAKYA VIVEKAH Fixing the Meaning of the Great Sayings MODERN-DAY REFLECTIONS On a 13TH CENTURY VEDANTA CLASSIC by a South African Student TEXT Swami Gurubhaktananda 47.05 2018 A FOUNDATIONAL TEXT ON VEDANTA PHILOSOPHY PANCHADASHEE – An Anthology of 15 Texts by Swami Vidyaranyaji PART Chap TITLE OF TEXT ENGLISH TITLE No. No. Vers. 1 Tattwa Viveka Differentiation of the Supreme Reality 65 2 Maha Bhoota Viveka Differentiation of the Five Great Elements 109 3 Pancha Kosha Viveka Differentiation of the Five Sheaths 43 SAT: 4 Dvaita Viveka Differentiation of Duality in Creation 69 VIVEKA 5 Mahavakya Viveka Fixing the Meaning of the Great Sayings 8 Sub-Total A 294 6 Chitra Deepa The Picture Lamp 290 7 Tripti Deepa The Lamp of Perfect Satisfaction 298 8 Kootastha Deepa The Unchanging Lamp 76 CHIT: DEEPA 9 Dhyana Deepa The Lamp of Meditation 158 10 Nataka Deepa The Theatre Lamp 26 Sub-Total B 848 11 Yogananda The Bliss of Yoga 134 12 Atmananda The Bliss of the Self 90 13 Advaitananda The Bliss of Non-Duality 105 14 Vidyananda The Bliss of Knowledge 65 ANANDA: 15 Vishayananda The Bliss of Objects 35 Sub-Total C 429 WHOLE BOOK 1571 AN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BY THE STUDENT/AUTHOR The Author wishes to acknowledge the “Home Study Course” offerred by the Chinmaya International Foundation (CIF) to students of Vedanta in any part of the world via an online Webinar service. These “Reflections” are based on material he has studied under this Course. CIF is an institute for Samskrit and Indology research, established in 1990 by Pujya Gurudev, Sri Swami Chinmayananda, with a vision of it being “a bridge between the past and the present, East and West, science and spirituality, and pundit and public.” CIF is located at the maternal home and hallowed birthplace of Adi Shankara, the great saint, philosopher and indefatigable champion of Advaita Vedanta, at Veliyanad, 35km north-east of Ernakulam, Kerala, India. CIF is recognised as a Centre of Excellence in Samskrit Research (Shodha Sansthan) by the Rashtriya Samskrit Sansthan, a Deemed University under the Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India, and as a Research Centre by the Mahatma Gandhi University and by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). CIF is actively engaged in a multitude of academic projects. For more information on courses and activities, please visit www.chinfo.org. – Swami Gurubhaktananda Om Namah Shivaaya! Text 47.05 MODERN-DAY REFLECTIONS By Swami Gurubhaktananda on Sri Swami Vidyaranyaji’s 13th Century Spiritual Classic mÉgcÉSzÉÏ - qÉWûÉuÉÉYrÉÌuÉuÉåMüÈ PANCHADASHEE – Book 05, Mahavakya Vivekah “Fixing the Meaning of the Great Sayings” Based on the 12 Lectures delivered by Swami Advayanandaji (referred to as “Swamiji” in book), Director, Chinmaya International Foundation, Veliyanad, Kerala. from April 27th 2018 – September 10th, 2018 Adi Shankaracharya Swami Sivananda Swami Tapovanji Swami Chinmayananda SERVE LOVE GIVE PURIFY MEDITATE REALISE Copyright & Author’s Details Author: Swami Gurubhaktananda, born 1954 as Bipin R. Kapitan, Durban, South Africa. Residence: Sivanandashram, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. Email: [email protected] © 2018 All Rights Reserved. Copyright held by Swami Gurubhaktananda. About This Edition: Web Edition: 2nd October 2018 – Sri Gandhi Jayanti Day. Website: Hosted by C.I.F.: www.chinfo.org Series Title : “Modern-day Reflections” Series Subject: Vedanta Philosophy. Declaration by the Author: The material in this series is under inspiration of the Home Study Course of Chinmaya International Foundation, Kerala, and consists of the Author’s reflections on the Course. He is deeply indebted to the Chinmaya Mission for its excellent programme of the Home Study Course taught to many students all over the world through online Webinar lectures. Personal Dedication 1. To my Parents, Smt Sharadaben & Sri Ratilalbhai Kapitan who inspired me to study in life, to stick to the path of Dharma and pursue the highest ideals; and swamped me with their abundant Love; 2. To Pujya Sri Swami Vimalanandaji Maharaj the President of the Divine Life Society of Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India, who constantly encouraged and supported this effort; 3. To Pujya Sri Swami Tejomayanandaji (Guruji) for his boundless vision and inspiration to create a vibrant organisation; 4. To Sri Swami Advayanandaji my Acharyaji at Sandeepany 2011-2013, who imparted his bountiful knowledge and wisdom with rare selfless Divine Love, as the Rishis of yore would wish to see. Where required, Acharyaji is referred to as “Swamiji” in the book. ***** PANCHADASHEE – 05 Mahavakya Viveka “Fixing the Meaning of the Great Sayings” THE PANCHADASHEE – Book 05 Mahavakya Viveka “Fixing the Meaning of the Great Sayings” CONTENTS: __________________________________________________________________________________ Introduction to the Whole Panchadashee 2 General Introduction to Mahavakya Viveka 4 ① PRAJNANAM BRAHMA – “Consciousness is Infinite” 8 Aitareya Upanishad, Rig Veda Lakshana Vakya (Statement of Definition) Verse 1: “Prajnanam” Pada – I am Pure Consciousness 08 Verse 2: “Brahma” Pada – The One Brahman 13 ② AHAM BRAHMASMI – “I am the Infinite Reality” 24 Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, Shukla Yajur Veda Anubhava Vakya (Statement of Experience) Verse 3: “Aham” Pada – The Witnessing ‘I’ 26 Verse 4: “Brahma Asmi” Pada – The Infinite Brahman 28 ③ TAT TWAM ASI – “That Thou Art” 31 Chandogya Upanishad, Sama Veda Upadesha Vakya (Statement of Instruction) Verse 5: “Tat” Pada – The Nature of ‘That’ 32 Verse 6: “Twam Asi” Pada – The Nature of ‘Thou’ 34 ④ AYAM ATMA BRAHMAN – “This Self is the Truth” 37 Mandukya Upanishad, Atharvana Veda Anusandhana Vakya (Statement of Self-discovery) Verse 7: “Ayam Aatmaa” Pada – The Inner Self 40 Verse 8: “Brahma” Pada – The Supreme Self 43 ***** 1 || mÉgcÉSzÉÏ || PANCHADASHEE by Swami Vidyaranyaji “INTRODUCTION to the Whole Book” THE PANCHADASHEE IS COMPRISED of fifteen Books, together called Megha Prakarana. Panchadashee means, “comprising of fifteen”. The word “Chapters” is not accurate since the 15 Books do not link up like chapters in a book. Each one is independent. The only link for all the Books is the subject matter, Sat Advaitam, the Non-Dual Reality. The words in Samskrit grammar for short and long are Laghu and Guru. Panchadashee is a Laghu Grantha, a small text. But among all small texts, it is the Guru! That gives some idea of its standing in Vedantic literature. There are Shastra Granthas which deal with all the topics in Vedanta, and there are Prakarana Granthas which deal with some of the topics only. Panchadashee is one of the latter type, but is the biggest among all the elementary texts. It is a foundation text, and some Vedanta teachers, such as Swami Tapovan, the Teacher of Swami Chinmayananda, begin the study of Vedanta with this text. The Panchadashee’s 15 Books contain a total of 1571 verses. The whole book is split into 3 Parts, each with five Books. Each part deals with a particular aspect of the Truth: PART SIZE MAIN TOPIC DESCRIPTION 1 – Chap 1 to 5 294 verses SAT Viveka (Discrimination) 2 – Chap 6 to 10 848 verses CHIT Deepa (Light) 3 – Chap 11 to 15 429 verses ANANDA Ananda (Bliss) The last Book of each Part is the shortest, for some reason. They are Book 5 (8 verses), Book 10 (26 verses) and Book 15 (35 verses). The two largest Books are in Part 2, namely, Book 6 (290 verses) and Book 7 (298 verses). These statistics are just for information in order to get a feel for what we are going to study. At Sandeepany Sadhanalaya, we studied only Books 5 and 10, the two shortest chapters. General INTRODUCTION to Vedanta Topics The five divisions in Vedantic Sadhana were listed by Swamiji at the outset, for the benefit of new students. They are: 2 1. The Adhikari: the stage up to qualification for entry; Sadhana Chatushtaya. 2. Guru Upasadana: the stage of approaching and serving one’s Guru; 3. The Upadesha: the stage of Sravana; this is the teaching, and is divided into 3 parts: i) the Twam Pada, which answers, Who am I? ii) the Tat Pada, which answers. What is Reality? and What is the World? and iii) the Asi Pada, which establishes the identity between the two. 4. The Sadhana: the stage of digestion and absorption of the teaching. It is divided into two sections: i) Manana, reflecting upon the teaching; and ii) Nididhyasana, meditation. 5. The Phala: this is the fruit of the Sadhana, and has two parts: i) Jivanmukti or liberation while living; and ii) Videhamukti or liberation from the cycle of births and deaths. Difference Between Shastra & Prakarana Grantha A Shastra is defined as a text which discusses all the topics listed above. There are three recognised Shastras in Hinduism: i) The Upanishads taken as a whole, which are the foundational texts; ii) The Bhagavad Geeta, in which Sri Veda Vyasa explains all the points raised in the Upanishads; and iii) The Brahma Sootras, wherein Sri Adi Shankaracharya answers in detail the doubts that may be raised on the issues raised in the Upanishads. Together, the above three Shastras are called the Prasthana Traya. A Prakarana Grantha deals with only one topic very thoroughly. All the fifteen texts of the Panchadashee are each a Prakarana Grantha, standing independently. Even when taken all together, they do not make up a Shastra, as they deal only with the Teaching, i.e. they deal comprehensively with all three parts of the Teaching or Upadesha. The first five Prakaranas deal with Sat; the next five Prakaranas deal with Chit; and the last five Prakaranas deal with Ananda. The other four topics are not covered in Panchadashee. ***** 3 || mÉgcÉSzÉÏ || AjÉ mÉgcÉqÉÉåÅkrÉÉrÉÈ " qÉWûÉuÉÉYrÉ ÌuÉuÉåMüÈ" THE PANCHADASHEE – Book 05 MAHAVAKYA VIVEKA (08 Verses) General Introduction EVERY BOOK OF THE Panchadashee brings us to the point of realising that the Truth is directly to be known, that Truth is Brahman, and that Brahman and the Self in every being are identical.
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