Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers 1920-2000 Mss.Ms.Coll.64A
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Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers 1920-2000 Mss.Ms.Coll.64a American Philosophical Society 2/2003 105 South Fifth Street Philadelphia, PA, 19106 215-440-3400 [email protected] Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers 1920-2000 Mss.Ms.Coll.64a Table of Contents Summary Information ................................................................................................................................. 3 Background note ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Scope & content ........................................................................................................................................10 Administrative Information .......................................................................................................................12 Related Materials ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Indexing Terms ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Other Descriptive Information ..................................................................................................................17 Collection Inventory ..................................................................................................................................18 Series I. Correspondence....................................................................................................................... 18 Series II. Research Notes and Drafts.................................................................................................. 118 Series III. Notecards............................................................................................................................ 222 Series IV. Works by Wallace..............................................................................................................225 Series V. Works by Others..................................................................................................................266 Series VI. Consulting and Committee Work...................................................................................... 271 Series VII. Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute....................................................................... 303 Series VIII. University of Pennsylvania..............................................................................................315 Series IX. Indian Claims..................................................................................................................... 325 Series X. Personal................................................................................................................................368 Series XI. Maps................................................................................................................................... 372 Series XII. Graphics............................................................................................................................ 373 - Page 2 - Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers 1920-2000 Mss.Ms.Coll.64a Summary Information Repository American Philosophical Society Creator Wallace, Anthony F. C., 1923- Title Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers Date [inclusive] 1920-2000 Call number Mss.Ms.Coll.64a Extent 103.5 Linear feet Location LH-SB-3-1; LH-B-25-5 (OS) Language English Abstract The Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers include correspondence to and from 20th century anthropologists, ethnologists, historians, linguists, and psychiatrists and provides a wealth of resources for the study of technological and social change, American Indians, culture and personality, revitalization movements, the anthropological study of religion, and the cultural and biological bases of behavior. In addition to Wallace's correspondence, research notes, and drafts, the collection includes Wallace family correspondence and photographs, as well as Wallace's writings from childhood through recent years. Preferred Citation Cite as: Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers, American Philosophical Society. - Page 3 - Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers 1920-2000 Mss.Ms.Coll.64a Background note Anthony F.C. Wallace (1923- ) embarked on an anthropological career at a young age as a research assistant to his father, ethnologist and historian Paul A.W. Wallace in the 1930s. After briefly studying at Lebanon Valley College, Anthony enlisted in the U.S. Army, which assigned him to the 14th Armored Division. On American soil for a good portion of his enlistment, the division served in the European Theater and participated in the liberation of the Dachau concentration camp in 1945. After his discharge, Wallace began a lifelong association with the University of Pennsylvania's anthropology department, of which he eventually became chair. His initial, somewhat untraditional, choice of undergraduate majors--history and physics--reflected his desire to combine humanistic studies with scientific and technological approaches to the study of man, but the evolutionary perspective of James Frazer's The Golden Bough later guided him toward the most interdisciplinary of the social sciences--anthropology. Influenced by his father's work and his own interest in Indians, Wallace pursued graduate studies of the Delaware and Tuscarora Indians under the guidance of A. Irving Hallowell, Frank G. Speck, and Loren C. Eiseley, all direct intellectual descendants of Franz Boas. Speck had studied with Boas at Columbia, where Boas taught both Speck and Hallowell in one seminar. Speck and Eiseley, whom Speck had taught at Oberlin and brought to Penn, persuaded Hallowell, their former colleague, to return to Penn after a period at Northwestern. As an heir to the Boasian ethnographic tradition through Speck and Hallowell, Wallace inherited Boas' careful attention to methodology and his interdisciplinary conception of anthropology as encompassing physical, psychological, linguistic, and cultural studies. From his father and Speck, he inherited an interest in the rapidly disappearing cultures of the Northeastern Indians and a personal commitment to his research subjects. Through Hallowell, one of the principal figures in ethnopsychology, he learned to carefully describe behavior and psychological traits while considering the cognitive and emotional structures of his subjects. All of these he synthesized to create a unique blend of ethnology and history influenced by the social, behavioral, and biological sciences, thereby becoming one of the pioneers in the development of ethnohistory as a distinct field. At Penn, Wallace earned his BA, MA, and Ph.D. in rapid succession. From men not known to bestow praise lightly, he received glowing recommendations that described him as a brilliant, yet humble, scholar and one of the best anthropology students with whom they had ever worked. Weaving Hallowell's psychological perspective into the study of Indian-white relations, his MA thesis examined the Delaware Indians and their chief Teedyuscung from a psychological, as well as historical, perspective. The work contained the seeds of Wallace's later work on revitalization movements, contrasting the demoralized eastern Delawares who accepted the Christian teachings of Moravian colonists with the more powerful western Delawares who developed a revitalized culture that rejected European influences. Published only a year later, King of the Delawares: Teedyuscung drew the attention of national publications and garnered largely favorable reviews. Francis Jennings, a frequent critic of Wallace's work, has opined that Wallace allowed theory to influence his presentation of data and that he relied heavily on psychoanalytic theory and biased historical accounts, perhaps overly so. Yet such tendencies often characterize the work of young scholars, as Jennings explains, and in the case of Teedyuscung, they do not detract significantly from its value as a work of anthropology. He also points out that Wallace's views toward - Page 4 - Anthony F. C. Wallace Papers 1920-2000 Mss.Ms.Coll.64a the Quakers, quite harsh in Teedyuscung, later softened; in Death and Rebirth of the Seneca (1970), he wrote approvingly of the positive teachings and role models presented by the Quaker missionaries. For his dissertation, Wallace took his cue from Hallowell, who encouraged his students to use Rorschach tests as a means of studying personality and culture, and Fenton, who had reviewed Hallowell's work and suggested its applicability to the Iroquois, and began an ethnopsychological study of the Tuscarora Indians. Wallace hoped to determine the personality type that occurred most frequently among the Tuscaroras and thereby to study the interaction of personality and culture. Although the modal personality occurred in only 37 percent of the population and thus did not represent the personality of most Tuscaroras, the study provided insight into common personality characteristics found among the Tuscaroras. Indian research continued to occupy most of Wallace's time in the 1950s. In addition to an ongoing study of Seneca history and culture that he incorporated into several monographs and books, he devoted much of his free time from 1952 through 1959 to research, consulting, and testifying as an expert witness for legal cases before the Indian Claims Commission. Initially hired by the Joint Efforts Group, led by Felix Cohen, an attorney who initiated reform legislation