DOCSLIB.ORG

First Camera-Trap Record of the Snow Leopard Panthera Uncia in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
First Camera-Trap Record of the Snow Leopard Panthera Uncia in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal First camera-trap record of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, Nepal N ARAYAN P RASAD K OJU,BIJAY B ASHYAL,BISHNU P RASAD P ANDEY S ATYA N ARAYAN S HAH,SHANKAR T HAMI and W ILLIAM V. BLEISCH Abstract The snow leopard Panthera uncia is the flagship Keywords Camera trap, corridor, Gaurishankar Conser- species of the high mountains of the Himalayas. There is po- vation Area, Nepal, Panthera uncia, prey abundance, tentially continuous habitat for the snow leopard along the transboundary, snow leopard northern border of Nepal, but there is a gap in information Supplementary material for this article is available at about the snow leopard in Gaurishankar Conservation Area. doi.org/./SX Previous spatial analysis has suggested that the Lamabagar area in this Conservation Area could serve as a transbound- ary corridor for snow leopards, and that the area may con- he charismatic snow leopard Panthera uncia, the flag- nect local populations, creating a metapopulation. However, Tship species of the high mountains of Asia, is catego- there has been no visual confirmation of the species in rized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List (Jackson, b; Lamabagar. We set infrared camera traps for months McCarthy et al., ). It is an apex predator in the Hi- in Lapchi Village of Gaurishankar Conservation Area, malayas and an indicator of a healthy montane ecosystem where blue sheep Pseudois nayaur, musk deer Moschus (MoFSC, ). Snow leopards range along the northern leucogaster and Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus, all frontier of Nepal (McCarthy & Chapron, ) and the snow leopard prey species, had been observed. In November country is believed to harbour – individuals, making at , m, km south-west of Lapchi Village, one it a key range country (WWF, ). In Nepal the snow camera recorded three images of a snow leopard, the first leopard has been reported in Annapurna Conservation Area, photographic evidence of the species in the Conservation Shey Phoksundo National Park, Kangchenjunga Conservation Area. Sixteen other species of mammals were also recorded. Area, Manaslu Conservation Area, Makalu Barun National Camera-trap records and sightings indicated a high abun- Park, Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Sagarmatha National Park dance of Himalayan tahr, blue sheep and musk deer. (Jackson, a,b; Green, ;McCarthy&Chapron,; Lapchi Village may be a potentially important corridor for WWF, ), Langtang National Park (Kyes & Chalise, ; snow leopard movement between the east and west of Nepal WWF, ) and Api Nampa Conservation Area (Khanal and northwards to Quomolongma National Park in China. et al., ). However, plans for development in the region present in- Even though potential habitat for the snow leopard is creasing threats to this corridor. We recommend develop- continuous from east to west along the Himalayan range, ment of a transboundary conservation strategy for snow studies on the species have been limited to Kanchanjunga leopard conservation in this region, with participation of and the Mt Everest region in the eastern Himalayas, Nepal, China and international agencies. Manang and Mustang in the central Himalayas, and Humla, Dolpa and Mugu in the western Himalayas. An es- timated snow leopards inhabit the eastern Himalayas of NARAYAN PRASAD KOJU* (Corresponding author, orcid.org/0000-0002-4303- Nepal (from Kanchanjunga Conservation Area to Langtang 0520) Center for Post Graduate Studies, Nepal Engineering College, Lalitpur, National Park; WWF, ). There is a gap in information Nepal. E-mail [email protected] about the status of the snow leopard in Gaurishankar BIJAY BASHYAL ( orcid.org/0000-0002-5745-4762) Central Department of Conservation Area, part of the eastern Himalayas and po- Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal tentially a key site for the species, as it connects Langtang BISHNU PRASAD PANDEY,SATYA NARAYAN SHAH ( orcid.org/0000-0003-4677- National Park to the west and Sagarmatha National Park to 1866) and SHANKAR THAMI Gaurishankar Conservation Area, National Trust of Nature Conservation, Kathmandu, Nepal the east with the larger contiguous Tibetan plateau to the WILLIAM V. BLEISCH ( orcid.org/0000-0001-6549-5823) China Exploration and north (Fig. ). Ale et al. ( ) reported the presence of the Research Society, Hong Kong snow leopard in Rolwaling area (c. km south-west of *Also at: Naaya Aayam Multi-disciplinary Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal, Lapchi Village) in Gaurishankar Conservation Area, based Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, and on indirect signs (pugmarks, hair and faeces). Forrest Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal et al. ( ), based on spatial analysis, suggested that the Received June . Revision requested September . Lamabagar area in Gaurishankar Conservation Area may Accepted January . First published online October . serve as a transboundary corridor for the snow leopard, This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, Downloadeddistribution, from https://www.cambridge.org/core and reproduction in any medium,. IP address: provided 170.106.33.42 the original work, onis 25 properly Sep 2021 cited. at 05:52:59, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/termsOryx, 2021, 55(2), 173–176 ©. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060532000006XFauna & Flora International 2020 doi:10.1017/S003060532000006X 174 N. P. Koju et al. FIG. 1 The study area, with Lapchi valley in Lamabagar and the location of the camera trap that recorded a snow leopard Panthera uncia in November . hypothesizing that the area could connect local populations and juniper Juniperus sp. This is an area of steep canyons of snow leopards, creating a metapopulation. MoFSC () above an alpine stream, surrounded by broken terrain of speculated about the possible presence of the snow leopard cliffs, scree slopes and rocky outcrops, covered by snow in Lapchi Village in Lamabagar. when we set the cameras. We conducted this study to assess the distribution and We set two types of Bushnell Trophy Camera (Bushnell, activity patterns of wildlife in Lapchi Village in the climat- Overland Park, USA): Model #C, set in hybrid mode, ically diverse Gaurishankar Conservation Area (MoFSC, to take photographs and videos simultaneously, and Model ; Sindorf, ). This landscape comprises subtropical #C, to take photographs only. Cameras were set to to nival bioclimatic zones, with vegetation types and a run continuously, with a time interval of one second be- reported faunal diversity of bird, mammal, fish, tween triggers and three shots per trigger. Of the cameras, snake, amphibian and eight lizard species (NTNC, we lost two to theft, one from near the border with China ). The Conservation Area comprises six blocks: Gumba, and one from pasture near the village. Lamabagar/Lapchi, Rolwaling, Bigu/Kalinchowk, Marbu- During installation of the cameras we observed individ- Khare and Gumdel/Marbu (NTNC, ). Lapchi Village ual musk deer Moschus leucogaster and multiple groups of (formerly in Lamabagar Village Development Committee, blue sheep (Supplementary Plate ) and Himalayan tahr which is now subsumed in Bigu Rural Municipality) is Hemitragus jemlahicus, and also the possible scat of a snow bounded by the border with China to the east, west and leopard (Supplementary Plate )andcarcassesofbluesheep north, at the foot of the Lapchi Khang mountain range, possibly predated by a snow leopard (Supplementary Plate ). which is an important pilgrimage destination for Tibetan Camera-trap records and direct sightings indicated a high Buddhists and is known for the meditation caves of the abundance of Himalayan tahr, blue sheep and musk deer, suit- Tibetan saint and poet, Jetsun Milarepa. The caves surround able prey for the snow leopard. During installation and recovery the main monastery of Lapchi, Chöra Gephel Ling. of the cameras we observed a minimum of seven musk deer, We set infrared camera traps in the km Lapchi three herds of blue sheep and multiple herds of Himalayan Village for months, during October – April tahr around the area where the image of a snow leopard was ( days), at a minimum of km apart in randomly selected later captured. The three herds of blue sheep comprised a min- × km grid squares. We set three of the cameras above imum of individuals. The cameras recorded events of , m altitude near a possible snow leopard scat and musk deer and events of Himalayan tahr (an event is a series the carcass of a blue sheep Pseudois nayaur, aiming to of images separated by more than hour from other events); record movement of ungulates and snow leopards in the species of mammals were recorded in all, including the west- Lamabagar corridor below. These three cameras were in- ernmost record of Asiatic golden cat Catopuma temminckii. stalled in moraines with sparse vegetation of alpine grasses On November at : a.m., a camera at , m and patches of shrubs such as Rhododendron anthopogon altitude, km south-west of Lapchi Village, recorded three Oryx, 2021, 55(2), 173–176 © Fauna & Flora International 2020 doi:10.1017/S003060532000006X Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.33.42, on 25 Sep 2021 at 05:52:59, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060532000006X
Load more

Recommended publications
  • PLAGUE STUDIES * 6. Hosts of the Infection R
    Bull. Org. mond. Sante 1 Bull. World Hlth Org. 1952, 6, 381-465 PLAGUE STUDIES * 6. Hosts of the Infection R. POLLITZER, M.D. Division of Epidemiology, World Health Organization Manuscript received in April 1952 RODENTS AND LAGOMORPHA Reviewing in 1928 the then rather limited knowledge available concerning the occurrence and importance of plague in rodents other than the common rats and mice, Jorge 129 felt justified in drawing a clear-cut distinction between the pandemic type of plague introduced into human settlements and houses all over the world by the " domestic " rats and mice, and " peste selvatique ", which is dangerous for man only when he invades the remote endemic foci populated by wild rodents. Although Jorge's concept was accepted, some discussion arose regarding the appropriateness of the term " peste selvatique" or, as Stallybrass 282 and Wu Lien-teh 318 translated it, " selvatic plague ". It was pointed out by Meyer 194 that, on etymological grounds, the name " sylvatic plague " would be preferable, and this term was widely used until POzzO 238 and Hoekenga 105 doubted, and Girard 82 denied, its adequacy on the grounds that the word " sylvatic" implied that the rodents concerned lived in forests, whereas that was rarely the case. Girard therefore advocated the reversion to the expression "wild-rodent plague" which was used before the publication of Jorge's study-a proposal it has seemed advisable to accept for the present studies. Much more important than the difficulty of adopting an adequate nomenclature is that of distinguishing between rat and wild-rodent plague- a distinction which is no longer as clear-cut as Jorge was entitled to assume.
    [Show full text]
  • National Parks and Iccas in the High Himalayan Region of Nepal: Challenges and Opportunities
    [Downloaded free from http://www.conservationandsociety.org on Tuesday, June 11, 2013, IP: 129.79.203.216] || Click here to download free Android application for this journal Conservation and Society 11(1): 29-45, 2013 Special Section: Article National Parks and ICCAs in the High Himalayan Region of Nepal: Challenges and Opportunities Stan Stevens Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In Nepal, as in many states worldwide, national parks and other protected areas have often been established in the customary territories of indigenous peoples by superimposing state-declared and governed protected areas on pre-existing systems of land use and management which are now internationally considered to be Indigenous Peoples’ and Community Conserved Territories and Areas (ICCAs, also referred to Community Conserved Areas, CCAs). State intervention often ignores or suppresses ICCAs, inadvertently or deliberately undermining and destroying them along with other aspects of indigenous peoples’ cultures, livelihoods, self-governance, and self-determination. Nepal’s high Himalayan national parks, however, provide examples of how some indigenous peoples such as the Sharwa (Sherpa) of Sagarmatha (Mount Everest/Chomolungma) National Park (SNP) have continued to maintain customary ICCAs and even to develop new ones despite lack of state recognition, respect, and coordination. The survival of these ICCAs offers Nepal an opportunity to reform existing laws, policies, and practices, both to honour UN-recognised human and indigenous rights that support ICCAs and to meet International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) standards and guidelines for ICCA recognition and for the governance and management of protected areas established in indigenous peoples’ territories.
    [Show full text]
  • A Statistical Analysis of Mountaineering in the Nepal Himalaya
    The Himalaya by the Numbers A Statistical Analysis of Mountaineering in the Nepal Himalaya Richard Salisbury Elizabeth Hawley September 2007 Cover Photo: Annapurna South Face at sunrise (Richard Salisbury) © Copyright 2007 by Richard Salisbury and Elizabeth Hawley No portion of this book may be reproduced and/or redistributed without the written permission of the authors. 2 Contents Introduction . .5 Analysis of Climbing Activity . 9 Yearly Activity . 9 Regional Activity . .18 Seasonal Activity . .25 Activity by Age and Gender . 33 Activity by Citizenship . 33 Team Composition . 34 Expedition Results . 36 Ascent Analysis . 41 Ascents by Altitude Range . .41 Popular Peaks by Altitude Range . .43 Ascents by Climbing Season . .46 Ascents by Expedition Years . .50 Ascents by Age Groups . 55 Ascents by Citizenship . 60 Ascents by Gender . 62 Ascents by Team Composition . 66 Average Expedition Duration and Days to Summit . .70 Oxygen and the 8000ers . .76 Death Analysis . 81 Deaths by Peak Altitude Ranges . 81 Deaths on Popular Peaks . 84 Deadliest Peaks for Members . 86 Deadliest Peaks for Hired Personnel . 89 Deaths by Geographical Regions . .92 Deaths by Climbing Season . 93 Altitudes of Death . 96 Causes of Death . 97 Avalanche Deaths . 102 Deaths by Falling . 110 Deaths by Physiological Causes . .116 Deaths by Age Groups . 118 Deaths by Expedition Years . .120 Deaths by Citizenship . 121 Deaths by Gender . 123 Deaths by Team Composition . .125 Major Accidents . .129 Appendix A: Peak Summary . .135 Appendix B: Supplemental Charts and Tables . .147 3 4 Introduction The Himalayan Database, published by the American Alpine Club in 2004, is a compilation of records for all expeditions that have climbed in the Nepal Himalaya.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Rodents and Insectivores of the Mordovia, Russia
    ZooKeys 1004: 129–139 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1004.57359 RESEARCH ARTICLE https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Checklist of rodents and insectivores of the Mordovia, Russia Alexey V. Andreychev1, Vyacheslav A. Kuznetsov1 1 Department of Zoology, National Research Mordovia State University, Bolshevistskaya Street, 68. 430005, Saransk, Russia Corresponding author: Alexey V. Andreychev ([email protected]) Academic editor: R. López-Antoñanzas | Received 7 August 2020 | Accepted 18 November 2020 | Published 16 December 2020 http://zoobank.org/C127F895-B27D-482E-AD2E-D8E4BDB9F332 Citation: Andreychev AV, Kuznetsov VA (2020) Checklist of rodents and insectivores of the Mordovia, Russia. ZooKeys 1004: 129–139. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1004.57359 Abstract A list of 40 species is presented of the rodents and insectivores collected during a 15-year period from the Republic of Mordovia. The dataset contains more than 24,000 records of rodent and insectivore species from 23 districts, including Saransk. A major part of the data set was obtained during expedition research and at the biological station. The work is based on the materials of our surveys of rodents and insectivo- rous mammals conducted in Mordovia using both trap lines and pitfall arrays using traditional methods. Keywords Insectivores, Mordovia, rodents, spatial distribution Introduction There is a need to review the species composition of rodents and insectivores in all regions of Russia, and the work by Tovpinets et al. (2020) on the Crimean Peninsula serves as an example of such research. Studies of rodent and insectivore diversity and distribution have a long history, but there are no lists for many regions of Russia of Copyright A.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Snow Leopard Prey Recovery: Understanding the Resource Use Strategies and Demographic Responses of Bharal Pseudois Nayaur to Livestock Grazing and Removal
    Towards snow leopard prey recovery: understanding the resource use strategies and demographic responses of bharal Pseudois nayaur to livestock grazing and removal Final project report submitted by Kulbhushansingh Suryawanshi Nature Conservation Foundation, Mysore Post-graduate Program in Wildlife Biology and Conservation, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Wildlife Conservation Society –India program, Bangalore, India To Snow Leopard Conservation Grant Program January 2009 Towards snow leopard prey recovery: understanding the resource use strategies and demographic responses of bharal Pseudois nayaur to livestock grazing and removal. 1. Executive Summary: Decline of wild prey populations in the Himalayan region, largely due to competition with livestock, has been identified as one of the main threats to the snow leopard Uncia uncia. Studies show that bharal Pseudois nayaur diet is dominated by graminoids during summer, but the proportion of graminoids declines in winter. We explore the causes for the decline of graminoids from bharal winter diet and resulting implications for bharal conservation. We test the predictions generated by two alternative hypotheses, (H1) low graminoid availability caused by livestock grazing during winter causes bharal to include browse in their diet, and, (H2) bharal include browse, with relatively higher nutrition, to compensate for the poor quality of graminoids during winter. Graminoid availability was highest in areas without livestock grazing, followed by areas with moderate and intense livestock grazing. Graminoid quality in winter was relatively lower than that of browse, but the difference was not statistically significant. Bharal diet was dominated by graminoids in areas with highest graminoid availability. Graminoid contribution to bharal diet declined monotonically with a decline in graminoid availability.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geology of the Tama Kosi and Rolwaling Valley Region, East-Central Nepal
    The geology of the Tama Kosi and Rolwaling valley region, East-Central Nepal Kyle P. Larson* Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada ABSTRACT Tama Kosi valley in east-central Nepal (Fig. 1). which were in turn assigned to either the Hima- In order to properly evaluate the evolution of the layan gneiss group or the Midlands metasedi- The Tama Kosi/Rolwaling area of east- Himalaya and understand the processes respon- ment group (Fig. 2). The units of Ishida (1969) central Nepal is underlain by the exhumed sible for its formation, it is critical that all areas and Ishida and Ohta (1973) are quite similar in mid-crustal core of the Himalaya. The geol- along the length of the mountain chain be inves- description to the tectonostratigraphy reported ogy of the area consists of Greater Hima- tigated, at least at a reconnaissance scale. by Schelling (1992) who revisited and expanded layan sequence phyllitic schist, paragneiss, The Tama Kosi valley is situated between the the scope of their early reconnaissance work. and orthogneiss that generally increase in Cho Oyu/Everest/Makalu massifs to the east Schelling (1992) separated the geology of metamorphic grade from biotite ± garnet and the Kathmandu klippe/nappe to the west the lower and middle portion of the Tama Kosi assemblages to sillimanite-grade migmatite (Fig. 1). Recent work in these areas serves to into the more traditional Greater Himalayan up structural section. All metamorphic rocks highlight stark differences between them. In the sequence (Higher Himalayan Crystallines) and are pervasively deformed and commonly Kathmandu region, the extruded midcrustal core Lesser Himalayan sequence lithotectonic assem- record top-to-the-south sense shear.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Guide Mammals of Ladakh ¾-Hðgå-ÅÛ-Hýh-ºiô-;Ým-Mû-Ç+Ô¼-¾-Zçàz-Çeômü
    Field Guide Mammals of Ladakh ¾-hÐGÅ-ÅÛ-hÝh-ºIô-;Ým-mÛ-Ç+ô¼-¾-zÇÀz-Çeômü Tahir Shawl Jigmet Takpa Phuntsog Tashi Yamini Panchaksharam 2 FOREWORD Ladakh is one of the most wonderful places on earth with unique biodiversity. I have the privilege of forwarding the fi eld guide on mammals of Ladakh which is part of a series of bilingual (English and Ladakhi) fi eld guides developed by WWF-India. It is not just because of my involvement in the conservation issues of the state of Jammu & Kashmir, but I am impressed with the Ladakhi version of the Field Guide. As the Field Guide has been specially produced for the local youth, I hope that the Guide will help in conserving the unique mammal species of Ladakh. I also hope that the Guide will become a companion for every nature lover visiting Ladakh. I commend the efforts of the authors in bringing out this unique publication. A K Srivastava, IFS Chief Wildlife Warden, Govt. of Jammu & Kashmir 3 ÇSôm-zXôhü ¾-hÐGÅ-mÛ-ºWÛG-dïm-mP-¾-ÆôG-VGÅ-Ço-±ôGÅ-»ôh-źÛ-GmÅ-Å-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-ŸÛG-»Ûm-môGü ¾-hÐGÅ-ÅÛ-Å-GmÅ-;Ým-¾-»ôh-qºÛ-Åï¤Å-Tm-±P-¤ºÛ-MãÅ-‚Å-q-ºhÛ-¾-ÇSôm-zXôh-‚ô-‚Å- qôºÛ-PºÛ-¾Å-ºGm-»Ûm-môGü ºÛ-zô-P-¼P-W¤-¤Þ-;-ÁÛ-¤Û¼-¼Û-¼P-zŸÛm-D¤-ÆâP-Bôz-hP- ºƒï¾-»ôh-¤Dm-qôÅ-‚Å-¼ï-¤m-q-ºÛ-zô-¾-hÐGÅ-ÅÛ-Ç+h-hï-mP-P-»ôh-‚Å-qôº-È-¾Å-bï-»P- zÁh- »ôPÅü Åï¤Å-Tm-±P-¤ºÛ-MãÅ-‚ô-‚Å-qô-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-¾ÛÅ-GŸôm-mÝ-;Ým-¾-wm-‚Å-¾-ºwÛP-yï-»Ûm- môG ºô-zôºÛ-;-mÅ-¾-hÐGÅ-ÅÛ-h¤ÛGÅ-zž-Tm-mÛ-Åï¤Å-Tm-ÆâP-BôzÅ-¾-wm-qºÛ-¼Û-zô-»Ûm- hôm-m-®ôGÅ-¾ü ¼P-zŸÛm-D¤Å-¾-ºfh-qô-»ôh-¤Dm-±P-¤-¾ºP-wm-fôGÅ-qºÛ-¼ï-z-»Ûmü ºhÛ-®ßGÅ-ºô-zM¾-¤²h-hï-ºƒÛ-¤Dm-mÛ-ºhÛ-hqï-V-zô-q¼-¾-zMz-Çeï-Çtï¾-hGôÅ-»Ûm-môG Íï-;ï-ÁÙÛ-¶Å-b-z-ͺÛ-Íïw-ÍôÅ- mGÅ-±ôGÅ-Åï¤Å-Tm-ÆâP-Bôz-Çkï-DG-GÛ-hqôm-qô-G®ô-zô-W¤- ¤Þ-;ÁÛ-¤Û¼-GŸÝP.ü 4 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The fi eld guide is the result of exhaustive work by a large number of people.
    [Show full text]
  • Cic Pheonotype List Caprinae©
    v. 5.25.12 CIC PHEONOTYPE LIST CAPRINAE © ARGALI 1. Altai Argali Ovis ammon ammon (aka Altay Argali) 2. Khangai Argali Ovis ammon darwini (aka Hangai & Mid Altai Argali) 3. Gobi Argali Ovis ammon darwini 4. Northern Chinese Argali - extinct Ovis ammon jubata (aka Shansi & Jubata Argali) 5. Northern Tibetan Argali Ovis ammon hodgsonii (aka Gansu & Altun Shan Argali) 6. Tibetan Argali Ovis ammon hodgsonii (aka Himalaya Argali) 7. Kuruk Tagh Argali Ovis ammon adametzi (aka Kuruktag Argali) 8. Karaganda Argali Ovis ammon collium (aka Kazakhstan & Semipalatinsk Argali) 9. Sair Argali Ovis ammon sairensis 10. Dzungarian Argali Ovis ammon littledalei (aka Littledale’s Argali) 11. Tian Shan Argali Ovis ammon karelini (aka Karelini Argali) 12. Kyrgyz Argali Ovis ammon humei (aka Kashgarian & Hume’s Argali) 13. Pamir Argali Ovis ammon polii (aka Marco Polo Argali) 14. Kara Tau Argali Ovis ammon nigrimontana (aka Bukharan & Turkestan Argali) 15. Nura Tau Argali Ovis ammon severtzovi (aka Kyzyl Kum & Severtzov Argali) MOUFLON 16. Tyrrhenian Mouflon Ovis aries musimon (aka Sardinian & Corsican Mouflon) 17. Introd. European Mouflon Ovis aries musimon (aka European Mouflon) 18. Cyprus Mouflon Ovis aries ophion (aka Cyprian Mouflon) 19. Konya Mouflon Ovis gmelini anatolica (aka Anatolian & Turkish Mouflon) 20. Armenian Mouflon Ovis gmelini gmelinii (aka Transcaucasus or Asiatic Mouflon, regionally as Arak Sheep) 21. Esfahan Mouflon Ovis gmelini isphahanica (aka Isfahan Mouflon) 22. Larestan Mouflon Ovis gmelini laristanica (aka Laristan Mouflon) URIALS 23. Transcaspian Urial Ovis vignei arkal (Depending on locality aka Kopet Dagh, Ustyurt & Turkmen Urial) 24. Bukhara Urial Ovis vignei bocharensis 25. Afghan Urial Ovis vignei cycloceros 26.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Trophy Hunting of Bharal (Blue Sheep) and Himalayan Tahr Contributing to Their Conservation in Nepal?
    Published by Associazione Teriologica Italiana Volume 26 (2): 85–88, 2015 Hystrix, the Italian Journal of Mammalogy Available online at: http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/article/view/11210/pdf doi:10.4404/hystrix-26.2-11210 Research Article Is trophy hunting of bharal (blue sheep) and Himalayan tahr contributing to their conservation in Nepal? Achyut Aryala,∗, Maheshwar Dhakalb, Saroj Panthic, Bhupendra Prasad Yadavb, Uttam Babu Shresthad, Roberta Bencinie, David Raubenheimerf, Weihong Jia aInstitute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand bDepartment of National Park and Wildlife Conservation, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal, Nepal cDistrict Forest Office, Darchula, Department of Forest, Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal, Nepal dInstitute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Australia eSchool of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia fThe Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Veterinary Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia Keywords: Abstract Bharal Himalayan tahr Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve (DHR), the only hunting reserve in Nepal, is famous for trophy hunt- hunting ing of bharal or “blue sheep” (Pseudois nayaur) and Himalayan tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus). conservation Although trophy hunting has been occurring in DHR since 1987, its ecological consequences are local community poorly known. We assessed the ecological consequences of bharal and Himalayan tahr hunting in revenue DHR, and estimated the economic contribution of hunting to the government and local communit- sex ratio population ies based on the revenue data. The bharal population increased significantly from 1990 to 2011, but the sex ratio became skewed from male-biased (129 Male:100 Female) in 1990 to female-biased (82 Male:100 Female) in 2011.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A B ell & Howell Iiiformation Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 University of Oklahoma Graduate College A Geography of Extinction: Patterns in the Contraction of Geographic Ranges A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Robert B.
    [Show full text]
  • Convergent Evolution of Himalayan Marmot with Some High-Altitude Animals Through ND3 Protein
    animals Article Convergent Evolution of Himalayan Marmot with Some High-Altitude Animals through ND3 Protein Ziqiang Bao, Cheng Li, Cheng Guo * and Zuofu Xiang * College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; [email protected] (Z.B.); [email protected] (C.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.G.); [email protected] (Z.X.); Tel.: +86-731-5623392 (C.G. & Z.X.); Fax: +86-731-5623498 (C.G. & Z.X.) Simple Summary: The Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) lives on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and may display plateau-adapted traits similar to other high-altitude species according to the principle of convergent evolution. We assessed 20 species (marmot group (n = 11), plateau group (n = 8), and Himalayan marmot), and analyzed their sequence of CYTB gene, CYTB protein, and ND3 protein. We found that the ND3 protein of Himalayan marmot plays an important role in adaptation to life on the plateau and would show a history of convergent evolution with other high-altitude animals at the molecular level. Abstract: The Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana) mainly lives on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and it adopts multiple strategies to adapt to high-altitude environments. According to the principle of convergent evolution as expressed in genes and traits, the Himalayan marmot might display similar changes to other local species at the molecular level. In this study, we obtained high-quality sequences of the CYTB gene, CYTB protein, ND3 gene, and ND3 protein of representative species (n = 20) from NCBI, and divided them into the marmot group (n = 11), the plateau group (n = 8), and the Himalayan marmot (n = 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Summary
    YEREYMENTAU WIND POWER PLANT, Yereymentau, Kazakhztan Non - Technical Summary Final Report November 2014 Samruk Green Energy LLP 010000 Republic of Kazakhstan Astana, Kabanbai batyr ave., 15А, Block В TABLE OF CONTENT 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT 2 2.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA 2 2.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2 2.3 CO2 AVOIDANCE 4 2.4 OTHER WIND FARM PROJECTS IN THE AREA 4 3 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MIITIGATION MEASURES 5 3.1 SOIL AND GROUNDWATER 5 3.2 SURFACE WATER 6 3.3 AIR QUALITY 6 3.4 BIODIVERSITY AND NATURE CONSERVATION 6 3.5 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL IMPACTS 10 3.6 CULTURAL HERITAGE 10 3.7 SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS 11 3.8 COMMUNITY HEALTH, SAFETY AND SECURITY 12 3.8.1 Environmental Noise 12 3.8.2 Shadow Flicker 13 3.8.3 Ice Throw 14 3.8.4 Electromagnetic Interference 14 3.8.5 Public Access 14 3.9 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS 15 3.9.1 Cumulative Impacts on Biodiversity 15 3.9.2 Cumulative Noise Impacts 16 3.9.3 Cumulative Impacts Shadow Flicker 16 3.9.4 Cumulative Impacts on Landscape 16 3.10 IMPACTS DURING DECOMMISSIONING 17 4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT 18 SAMRUK GREEN ENERGY LLP NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY NOVEMBER 2014 YEREYMENTAU WIND POWER PLANT, KAZAKHSTAN 1 INTRODUCTION Samruk Green Energy LLP (“SGE”) is in process of developing Yereymentau Wind Farm Project (the “Project”) south-east of Yereymentau Town, approximately 130 km east of Astana, in Akmola Region, Kazakhstan. The Project will have a capacity of 50 MW. This Non-Technical Summary (“NTS”) presents the main findings of the assessment of the environmental and social impacts performed for the Project, providing an overview of the potential impacts associated with the construction, operation and decommissioning of the Project, and the measures identified to avoid or mitigate potential impacts to acceptable levels.
    [Show full text]