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SAGARMATHA NATIONAL PARK AND ITS BUFFER ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN 2016‒2020 Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Sagarmatha National Park Office Namche Bazaar, Solukhumbu, Nepal Published by : Sagarmatha National Park Office, Namche Bazaar, Solukhumbu, Nepal Copyright : 2016, SNP- Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must mention the title and credit the above mentioned publisher as the copyright owner. Cover Photo : Ganesh Pant, Chief Conservation Officer Design and Printing : Creative Link Pvt. Ltd., Bagbazaar, Kathmandu, Nepal Telephone: +977-1-4216913 SAGARMATHA NATIONAL PARK AND ITS BUFFER ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN 2016‒2020 Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Sagarmatha National Park Office Namche Bazaar, Solukhumbu, Nepal Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation D e M n i n o p n G l io ti Department of Nationala is o Parks aandt a Wildlife Conservation rt tr ver ep va v m y nment of N r r e of se se nt Fo on n o rests Soil C Co f N and fe atio ildli nal Parks and W 2037 FOREWORD Sagarmatha National Park was established in 1976 with the aim of conserving endangered wildlife species, majestic landscape and local culture of the Khumbu region. In recognition of its superlative natural phenomenon, the park was listed in the World Heritage Site in 1979. The area was opened to the foreigners since 1950. The region got popularity in global community, when Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay Sherpa first climbed the Mt. Everest in 1953. Since then the area has been receiving an increasing number of tourists every year. No doubt, tourism has contributed a lot to flourish the local economy. However, some management challenges have also evolved simultaneously. The first management plan of SNP was prepared in 1981 with the view of managing the area systematically. The Plan was reviewed in 1993, and it was felt that it needs a revision, mainly to address the evolving socio-cultural and environmental issues together with the challenges. In this regard, DNPWC with the support from the UNDP/TRPAP prepared an integrated management and tourism plan for SNP for the period of 2007‒2012. However, all the activities prescribed by the plan could not be implemented due to budget constraint, the integrated plan 2007-2012 served as a key guiding document for carrying out conservation and management activities in SNP and its BZ. With the aim of developing an updated plan as far as practicable, DNPWC assigned Mr. Ganesh Pant, Chief Conservation Officer, SNP to update and prepare a management plan for SNP and its BZ for another five years from 2016 to 2020. This plan is an outcome of rigorous review of previous plans. The plan preparation process also involved intensive literature review, consultation with the stakeholders as well as expert review. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to the reviewers of this plan who provided valuable inputs on its draft. Mr. Ganesh Pant, Chief Conservation Officer, SNP deserves special appreciation for his tireless efforts in leading the process to update and prepare this plan. I would like to thank the DNPWC officials especially the Deputy Director General duo Mr. Gopal Prakash Bhattarai and Dr. Maheshwar Dhakal for their contribution to prepare this plan. I also take this opportunity to thank the Community-based Flood and Glacial Lake Outburst Risk Reduction Project/DHM for the financial assistance to update this plan. Last but not the least, I thank local communities living in Khumbu region including executive committee members of BZMC and BZUC for their continuous support in conservation of SNP. I hope this plan will be helpful for the conservation and management of SNP and its BZ. Man Bahadur Khadka Director General G.P.O. Box: 860, Kathmandu, Nepal. Tel. 01-4227926, Fax : 01-4227675 www.dnpwc.gov.np Government of Nepal D M e n n p in io a i G l tio t r st ov pa a a tm ry ern Ne v rv Ministry of Forests o mandent of Soiler Conservatione en f F ns s t or Co on of ests and Soil C Na life S tion Wild Department of Nationala aParksl Parks and andce Wildlife Conservation gar ff math ark O Sagarmatha Nationala National P Park Office ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Sagarmatha National Park, a world heritage property since 1979, is an example of superlative and exceptional natural beauty, which is embedded in the vivid mountains, glaciers, deep valleys and majestic peaks including Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest), the world’s highest peak. The park is home to several rare species of wildlife including snow leopard, musk deer and red panda. The area contains the world’s highest ecologically characteristic flora and fauna, intricately blended with the rich Sherpa culture. The intricate linkages of the Sherpa culture with the ecosystem are a major focus of the park, and they form the basis for the sustainable conservation of the natural resources, which eventually contributes for the wellbeing of the local communities. Management planning for any protected area is a dynamic process, and we must be prepared to accommodate the changes in the management based on new facts. In this regard, the management plan for SNP and its BZ for the period of 2016‒2020 has given more emphasis on key wildlife and its habitat conservation as a response to the return of snow leopard in the SNP after more than three decades. Likewise, the plan attempts to address the issues associated with the likely impacts of climate change in order to safeguard the natural world heritage property from the vulnerability it faces at present. In addition, the plan intends to introduce cutting-edge technologies in regulating tourism activities as an effort for maintaining delicate balance between conservation and tourism development in the park. First I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the Director General and the team at DNPWC for entrusting me with the task of reviewing and updating the management plan for SNP and its BZ for the period of 2016‒2020. During the plan preparation process, various institutions, organizations and individuals provided their valuable inputs. In this regard, I would like to thank all the institutions and experts consulted as the key informants for their time and contribution. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to Mr. Gopal Prakash Bhattarai and Dr. Maheshwar Dhakal, Deputy Director Generals, DNPWC for their continuous support and inputs. I highly acknowledge Mr. Saurav Shrestha for his untiring efforts in plan write-up, Mr. Nawaraj Chapagain for GIS map preparation and Mr. Laxman Prasad Paudyal, Ecologist, DNPWC for collecting primary information through local level consultation. Likewise, I thank Mr. Shahas Man Shrestha for his input in language editing. I am grateful to the distinguished participants of the central-level consultation meeting on the review of the management plan for the SNP and its BZ for the period 2016‒2020 for their constructive comments and suggestions. Finally, I would like to thank SNP staff together with the BZ Management Committee members as well as the BZ User Committee members, and the local communities for their valuable inputs. Ganesh Pant Chief Conservation Officer Namche Bazaar, Solukhumbu, Nepal. 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  • The Role of Sherpa Culture in Nature Conservation

    The Role of Sherpa Culture in Nature Conservation

    The Role of SHERPA CULTURE in NATURE CONSERVATION Copyright © Khumbu Sherpa Culture Conservation Society www.khumbusherpaculture.org Book : The Role of Sherpa Culture in Nature Conservation Publisher : Khumbu Sherpa Culture Conservation Society (KSCCS) Published Year : 2073 B.S. Edition : First Writer & Photographer : Tenzing Tashi Sherpa Typing & Translation : Tsherin Ongmu Sherpa Editor : Professor Stan Stevens, Ph.D. Design, Layout & Print : Digiscan Pre-press Pvt. Ltd., Naxal, Kathmandu The Role of SHERPA CULTURE in NATURE CONSERVATION Table of Contents 1. The Role of Sherpa Culture in Nature Conservation 1 Khumbu is a Sherpa Community Conserved Area 2 Sacred Himalayas 3 Sacred Lakes - Gokyo Lake 5 Springs 9 Religious Conserved Forests 10 Community Conserved Forest 11 Bird Conservation Area 12 Grazing Management Areas for Livestock 12 Conservation Tradition 13 Nawa System for Conservation 14 The Rules of Singhki Nawa (Wood Custodian) 14 The Custom of the Lhothok Nawa (Crop and Pastures Custodian) 15 The Work and the Duty Term of the Nawa and Worshyo 17 Yulthim (Community Assembly) 18 The Rules and Laws of Community 19 Short Story by Reincarnated Lama Ngawang Tenzing Zangbu about Nawa 20 The Sacred Worship Areas of Sherpas 21 Nangajong 21 Worshyo 22 Pangboche 23 Places in Between Fungi Thyanga Bridge and Pangboche Bridge 25 Khumjung and Khunde 29 Khumbu’s Chortens 33 Agriculture of Khumbu 35 Mountains Around Khumbu 38 2. The Role of KSCCS in Nature Conservation 39 A. Cultural Interaction 39 B. Cultural and ICCA Educational Tour 40 1. Community Tour 40 2. Sherpa Culture and Conservation Tour for Students Organized by Khumjung by KSCCS 41 3.